DE2144862A1 - TUNNEL DRIVING MACHINE AND METHOD FOR DRIVING A TUNNEL - Google Patents

Description

GW 2276

3rd Sept. 1971

labor union
IRON MILL WESTPALIA

4628 AITLÜNEN

Tunnel driving machine and method for driving a tunnel

The invention relates to a tunnel boring machine with a shield, the shield jacket of which is made up of a large number of axially parallel displaceable juxtaposed, by plank-shaped elements with cutting edges at the front shown knife screeds, which are carried or guided by frames or support frames, is formed, wherein the when parts of the shield shell are advanced, the reaction forces that occur via the remaining parts of the shield shell are frictionally engaged are supported against the surrounding soil. The invention also relates to a method for propelling a Tunnels with constant support of the exposed tunnel space.

Shield coats formed from a large number of knife boards are known and already are known as so-called knife shields been used for driving tunnels (e.g. DGbm 1 910 987). In this known knife shield are the knife shield the knife boards are supported by a support frame and are individually actuated by means of cylinders that can be acted upon on both sides one after the other, with the forward thrust reaction forces being mediated by the support frame over the rest. Knife boards frictionally locked against the surrounding soil.

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be supported. Form at these well-known Hesserschllden the knife piles at the rear end of a shield extension, in the protection of which the final tunnel extension, especially in shape a concrete lining is introduced. Sa the cramped space ee in the jacking shield here the simultaneous implementation of jacking and lusebuilding work in all Hegel do not allow tunneling and finishing work to be carried out in alternating stages, which results in a considerable Impairment of the advance of the advance results. According to a Not pre-published own proposal is this drawback by a new Hesserschild construction and a Method remedied, wherein a two relatively movable support frame parts having knife blade at which the feed reaction forces are frictionally supported against the surrounding soil, in connection with the application an easily installable auxiliary extension made of so-called liner plates a spatial and temporal independence between Driving work and introduction of the final expansion guaranteed. With the knife shield according to the older proposal the knife boards are attached individually or in smaller groups to the front support frame part and together with it advanced, the feed reaction forces being mediated by the rear support frame part via the remaining knife boards be supported frictionally against the surrounding soil. If the majority of the knife boards are advanced, these are connected to the front support frame part and now provide the frictional support of the reaction forces for pulling the rear support frame part together with the knife boards that have not yet been advanced. The use of a Such a knife shield and driving method is associated with disadvantages if due to special soil conditions and especially when driving under built-up areas, the exposed tunnel space is constantly supported by a strongly prestressed shield or by a strong expansion must be x

The invention is therefore based on the object of a tunnel

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To create a tunneling machine that dispenses with a The abutment effect of the subsequent expansion results in a continuous advance of advance with simultaneous constant Guaranteed support of the exposed tunnel space and also a method for driving a tunnel by means of a to develop such a machine.

Based on a tunneling machine of the type mentioned at the outset, this object is achieved in that the shield two equal, interlocking and by means of both sides loadable cylinder under alternating friction-fit blgers Support of the feed reaction forces against the surrounding soil comprises advancing shield jackets, each of which is distributed evenly by a group over the circumference of the shield, standing with a gap to each other is formed at least one expanding ring attached knife braces.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the knife boards of both shield jackets each three axially spaced apart, divided in the circumferential direction and expandable by means of a spreader cylinder Expanding rings are attached, the expanding rings of both shield shells preferably have the same spacing from one another and between the closing ring of the one and the middle ring of the other shield jacket, cylinders which can be acted upon on both sides are struck are in such a way that both shield shells can be advanced stepwise in the pole step, with during the advance each of the expansion rings of the shield jacket to be pushed forward are under reduced bias and the feed reaction forces over the other shield jacket, the expansion rings of which are under very high preload, frictionally engaged be supported against the surrounding soil. To make sure sufficient frictional forces between the retractable shield jacket and the surrounding soil is its outer diameter according to the invention by a small amount larger than the outer diameter of the advancing shield jacket.

In a further embodiment of the shield according to the invention is

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between the gaps between the measuring planks of both Shield jacket at least one relatively large game, but preferably each a space, is provided and furthermore, both shield jackets have a knife-free section in the lying area, only the trailing one Shield jacket is equipped with a kind of base plate. The knife-free area of the advancing shield jacket in the prone area The main purpose of this is to ensure that the excavated material is removed smoothly using simple means of funding.

According to another feature of the invention, within the $ Shield arranged a tunneling machine and over guide bars or the like. In corresponding guide recesses or Guide surfaces guided at least the front expansion ring of the advancing shield jacket. The heading machine includes a lateral guide bar or similar frame housing in which the cutting head and drive motors, Gear and control cylinder is mounted and on the other hand via easily detachable devices, such as plug connections also connected in an easily detachable manner with the rear spreader ring g of the trailing shield jacket Feed cylinders for the tunneling machine are connected. The diameter of the cutting head corresponds to the heading machine at least approximately the shield diameter, with removable cutter carriers arranged in a star shape relative to the axis of rotation End areas are connected, after which the tunneling machine including the cutting head retracted into the shield can be, for which additional cylinders are also provided, on the one hand with the tunneling machine and on the other hand Via brackets that are offset or displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel can be connected to the support rings of the retractable shield jacket or to other parts of the same. After losing weight the end pieces of the cutting head and expansion of the feed cylinder of the tunneling machine can be done by means of the additional cylinders are retracted into the shield by a certain amount, so that in certain circumstances it is unavoidable Work to be carried out by hand on the working face allows sufficient space to be created.

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Purely driving a tunnel using a driving machine of the type described above, the invention also proposes a procedure according to which the advancing Schildman tel with reduced pretensioning of its expanding rings and using the following shield jacket as an abutment following the progress of the excavation of the tunneling machine and after exhaustion of the one assigned to the tunneling machine Stroke is braced by increasing the bias of its expanding rings against the surrounding soil and then the following shield jacket after using a corresponding reduction in the preload of its spreader rings the now set advancing shield jacket is tightened as an abutment, then again against the surrounding Ground to be clamped, so that after releasing the bias of the expanding rings of the advancing shield jacket a new work cycle can begin.

Using the method according to the invention, the tunneling machine according to the invention enables a continuous Driving under constant support of the exposed tunnel spaces. Further details of the tunnel boring machine and the driving method emerge from the following example description in which the invention is based an embodiment shown in the drawing is described in detail. In the drawing shows the

FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic representation of a tunnel boring machine according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a partially cut-away side view of a machine according to FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a section through FIG. 2 along the line III-III; FIG. 4 shows a section through FIG. 2 along the line IV-IV.

The tunneling machine essentially comprises one Shield, which consists of two relatively movable shield shells 1 and 2, a tunneling machine 3 and one

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Conveyor 4. The shield shells 1 and 2 are approximately the same circumference and interlocking, with each shield shell 1 and 2 evenly distributed by a group over the shield circumference, spaced apart from each other on expanding rings 5 »6, 7 and 8, 9, 10 attached knife boards 11 and 12 is formed. The knife piles 11 and 12 are attached to the expansion rings 5 to 10 at such distances from one another that spaces 13 remain between the knife piles 11 and 12 of the interlocking shield shells 1 and 2. Furthermore, the knife boards 11, 12 have a trapezoidal cross-section and are sharpened like a knife at the front end. The expanding rings 5 to 10, which are arranged at equal distances from one another in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, are each formed from two half-rings and expanding cylinders 14 inserted between them. In the lying area, both shield shells 1 and 2 have a knife-free section 15 which, in the case of the retractable shield shell 2, is covered by a base plate 16. The alternating advance of the shield shells 1 and 2 are used by cylinders 17 which can be acted upon on both sides and which are attached on the one hand to the central expansion ring 6 of the shield jacket 1 via brackets 18 and on the other hand to the rear expanding ring 10 of the shield jacket 2. In particular, it can be seen from FIG. 2 that the retractable shield jacket 2 has a slightly larger diameter than the shield jacket 1. In the shield jacket 1, the driving machine 3 is movably supported in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel via guide bars 19 and guide surfaces 21 formed on brackets 20 of the expanding rings 5 and 6. The tunneling machine 3 has a cutting head 23 mounted on a frame housing 22, which is driven by drive motors 24 via geared means 25 »which act on internal gearing 25 and the cutter carrier 26, _{which is arranged in a star shape around the axis of rotation, has 9} end pieces 27 that can be removed through intermediation almost the full radius of the shield jacket cross-section can be extended. In the frame housing 22, straightening cylinders 28, which act on the cutting head and enable the cutting head 23 to be aligned, are also supported. During operation, the tunneling

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machine 3 via cylinder 29, which by mediation easily detachable devices, for example plug connections 30, on the one hand on the rear expanding ring 10 of the shield jacket 2 and on the other hand are attached to the frame housing 22 of the tunneling machine 3, pressed against the face 31, so that the knives 32 of the cutting head 23 penetrate into this. To, in certain cases, the tunneling machine 3 also in the shield jacket 1 to be able to retract further cylinders 33 are provided, which can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel on the one hand over Brackets 34 on the shield jacket 2 and on the other hand via brackets 35 are posted on the frame housing 23 of the tunneling machine 3.

The tunnel boring machine below is one on one Tracks 41 movable Tttbbingversetzmaschine 42 provided, the a Ringer rector 43 an inclined high conveyor 44, a transfer carriage 45 for the segments 46 and a crane 47 for taking over the segments 46 from the transport carriage 48 includes and at the same time a horizontal conveyor / ztlm Carries away what has been won.

The working procedure of the above machine is as follows

Starting from the operating state shown in FIG. 2, the expanding cylinders 14 of the expanding rings 8, 9, 10 of the shield jacket B 2 are initially acted upon, whereby the latter is braced against the surrounding soil and thus forms an abutment for supporting the propulsion reaction forces during the subsequent advance of the shield jacket 1 , wherein the feed reaction forces are supported against the surrounding soil by means of the knife screeds 12 in a frictional manner. At the same time the spreader cylinders 14 of the spreader rings 5 _f 6,7 of the shield shell 1 are relieved and the pre-thrust cylinder 17 and the cylinder 29 for the advance of the jacking machine are acted upon in such a way that the shield shell 1 is advanced following the mining progress. If the stroke of the cylinder 17 or 29 is exhausted, the spreader cylinder 14 dea shield jacket 1 are acted upon, whereby

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this is braced against the surrounding soil in such a way that the feed reaction forces for the tightening of the shield jacket 2 frictionally against the surrounding soil can be supported. After setting the shield shell 1, the spreader cylinder 14 of Expanding rings 8, 9, 10 of the shield jacket 2 and the cylinders 29 assigned to the jacking machine 3 are relieved. Simultaneously the feed cylinders 17 are acted upon in opposite directions so that they pull the shield jacket 2 along. This is the initial state of a work cycle is restored and a new work cycle can begin in the same way. In order to enable any work to be carried out by hand on the face, the tunneling machine ne be retracted into the shield shell 1 by a certain amount. For this purpose, the driving machine 3 associated cylinder 29 and then applied to the cylinder 33 in the sense of a backward pulling of the tunneling machine 3. After completing the manual work on the face, the tunneling machine is returned to its position with the aid of the cylinder 33 move to the operating position and reinstall the cylinder 29.

$ 11/049

Claims (1)

- 9 - ^Gw 2276 3rd Sept. 1971 21U862 PATENT CLAIMS: 1J tunnel boring machine with a shield, its shield jacket from a multitude of axially parallel displaceable juxtaposed, by plank-shaped, front ends elements with cutting edges of shown knife boards which are carried or guided by frames or supporting scaffolding, formed iet, with the advance of parts of the shield jacket Reaction forces occurring via the remaining parts of the shield jacket frictionally against the surrounding soil are supported, characterized in that the approximately Shield two circumferential, interlocking and means cylinder (17) that can be acted upon on both sides under alternating, frictionally engaged Support of the feed reaction forces against the surrounding soil, advancing shield jackets (1 and 2), each of which (1,2) is distributed by a group evenly over the circumference of the shield, to one another standing on a gap on at least one expanding ring (5 to 10) attached knife beams (11,12) is. 2. Tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that that the knife boards (11,12) of both shield shells (1,2) at three axially spaced apart, in Divided circumferentially and by means of a spreader cylinder (14) expandable expansion rings (5,6,7 and 8,9,10) are attached, the expansion rings (5,6,7, and 8,9.10) of both shield shells (1 and 2) preferably have the same distances from each other and between the locking ring (10) of one (2) and the central ring (6) of the other shield shell (1) on both sides acted upon face cylinder (17) are posted, such that both Shield jackets (1 and 2) can be advanced gradually in the next step. 3. tunneling machine according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that that at least the outer diameter of the retractable shield jacket (2) is larger by a small amount 30981 1/0495 Gw 2276-10-3 Sept. 1971 ser let than the outer diameter of the advancing shield jacket (1). Tunnel boring machine according to claim. 1 to 3, characterized in that that between the mutually spaced knife boards (11 and 12) of both shield shells (1 and 2) at least one relatively large game, but preferably an intermediate space (13) is provided and furthermore both Shield jackets (1 and 2) have a knife-free section (15) in the lying area, only the trailing section Shield jacket (2) is equipped with a type of base plate (16). Tunnel boring machine according to claims 1 to 4 t, characterized in that that within the shield a tunneling machine (3) is arranged and over guide bars (19) or The like. In corresponding guide recesses or guide surfaces (21) of at least the front expansion ring (5) of the advancing shield jacket (1) is performed. Tunnel driving machine according to claim 1 to 5 »characterized in that that a lateral guide bar (19) or the like. Having frame housing (22) of the tunneling machine (3) the cutting head (23) including drive motors (24) gear (25/25) and control cylinder (28) and on this cylinder (29) attack both with the frame housing (22) and with the rear expansion ring (10) of the shield jacket (2) via easily detachable devices, in particular plug connections (30) are connectable. Tunnel boring machine according to Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the diameter of the cutting head (23) of the tunneling machine (3) is at least approximately the shield diameter corresponding to, with removable end pieces (27) on cutter carriers (26) arranged in a star shape relative to the axis of rotation are connected. -11- 3 0 9 8 11/0 4 9 5 - 11 - Gw 2276 3rd Sept. 1971 2TU8B2 8. tunnel boring machine according to claim 1 to 7 »characterized in that that between the tunneling machine (3) and the expansion rings (9 »10) or other parts of the retractable Shield jacket (2) additional cylinders (33) are provided, which are offset at several in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel Places opposite brackets (34) can be feetlegbar, the brackets (34) themselves also in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel can be displaceable relative to the expansion rings (9 »10). 9. A method for driving tunnels using a machine according to claim 1 and one or more of the claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the advancing Shield jacket with reduced pre-tension of its expanding rings (5 »6.7) and using the retractable Shield jacket (2) as an abutment, following the mining progress of the tunneling machine, and after exhaustion of the stroke path assigned to the tunneling machine by increasing the prestress of its expansion rings (8.9 »10) the surrounding soil is tensioned and then the retractable shield jacket after a corresponding reduction the bias of its expanding rings (8,9,10) using the now set advancing shield jacket (1) as an abutment by means of opposite admission the feed cylinder (17) is tightened in order to then be braced again against the surrounding soil and the advancing shield coat during the following work cycle to serve again as an abutment. 309811/0495