DE2136526A1 - Process for the production of filter rods for tobacco products, as well as filters produced therefrom - Google Patents

Description

PM-991-DF

CELFIL COMPANY ESTABLISHMENT VADUZ

(LIECHTENSTEIN)

Process for the production of Filter rods for tobacco products and filters made therefrom.

The present invention relates to a method for producing filter rods for tobacco products, in particular for Cigarettes, on filters and filter rods made of natural and / or artificial fibers containing carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). The invention also relates to filters for tobacco products and, in particular, cigarettes which are produced according to using this process.

109886/1275

Among the known filters for tobacco products and in particular for cigarettes, those form a particular class in which Coal is present in the filter in a suitable form. In the case of cigarette filters, these are usually so-called double or Multiple filters, since a carbon-containing filter cannot be used for the suction end of the cigarette, so there a non-carbon filter piece must be used.

In the case of the carbon-based filters known so far, the so-called Activated charcoal is used, which in its highly pure form is suitable for the absorption of gases. In a number of well-known The charcoal is filtered as a powder or in fine-grained form applied to a carrier, for example a fiberized paper web or a fiber wick, and occasionally adhesive used for better adhesion of the fine-grained carbon to the carrier material; such carbon filters are mostly used as so-called double filters, in which the carbon-containing filter part faces the tobacco column. Another type of carbon filters uses coarse-grained carbon granulate, which is usually in a chamber between two non-carbon-containing filter pieces is included, so that a triple filter is created.

The production of such carbon-containing filter pieces presents significant difficulties, which is why a number of methods have already been proposed for this purpose . A disadvantage is also the need for such carbon filters in

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special machines must be generated, which usually have only a low production speed and because of the they are housed in special rooms Need to become.

In order to overcome these difficulties, it has already been proposed to use cellulosic fibrous materials such as wadding, woven fabrics and to use loose felts made of polyacrylonitrile, cotton, regenerated cellulose etc. and to coke them. It should as a result, carbon fibers can be produced and used in filters. The processing of such carbon fibers into cigarette filters but causes the same difficulties as the processing of coal powder or coal granulate, so through this Proposal the production of carbonaceous filters is not facilitated.

The present invention, however, is a solution to this problem and relates to a method for producing enveloped filter rods for tobacco products, in particular for cigarettes, made of fiber materials that contain carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). It is characterized in that at least a proportion of such fibrous materials is used, the C and H components of which are mixed with sulfuric acid when heated with C-precipitation react that at least some of these fibrous materials are on the way from generation to manufacture of the filter rods, but before they are wrapped, a sulfuric acid

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component is added and these fibrous materials are then heated until the sulfuric acid component reacts with them and forms carbon is excreted while largely retaining the fiber structure.

The invention also relates to a filter for tobacco products, in particular for cigarettes, which is produced by the process mentioned and has a filling that is at least partially consists of fibers of natural and / or artificial origin, and is characterized by the at least one Part of the fibers excreted carbon.

The invention is explained in more detail below in some exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings, FIGS. 1 to 11. Show it:

Fig. 1: A schematic side view

an embodiment of a device for performing the inventive method;

Fig. 2: An addition to the device according to

Fig. 1;

3: A photomicrograph of a paper web on a scale of 1:50 enlarged;

Fig. 4: A diagram for the heat treatment

of prepared paper filter rods at temperature T during the Take;

Fig. 5: A schematic side view of a

Rewinding machine for treating a wound paper web according to the method according to the invention;

Fig. 6 & 7: Each a schematic side view of a strand machine for the production of Filter rods>

Fig. 8: Another embodiment of a

Device similar to FIG. 1;

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Fig. 9 & 10: Each one shown schematically

Device for the treatment of fiber wicks according to the present method ^

11: A section of a flat fiber web.

The method according to the invention is described below with the aid of a Embodiment according to FIG. 1 of a suitable device and using a material web made of smooth, unsized material Paper with a thickness of 0.06 to 0.07 mm and a weight of 20 to 50 g per square meter is described, but is not limited to this be. The device is shown schematically in FIG. 1 and set up for the continuous passage of a paper web 1, which is unwound from a roll of raw paper 2. The paper web must have sufficient strength in the longitudinal direction own and should expediently from little or even do not consist of ground or beaten fibers.

The paper web 1 runs through an apparatus in which it is moistened which in the present exemplary embodiment consists of a rotating roller 5 which is immersed in a liquid 6 and, during operation, has a liquid film on its surface, which film of the continuous paper web 1 on its underside moisturizes. The counter roller 7, which consists for example of elastic material, presses the paper web against the rotating one Roller 5 = By dipping the roller 5 more or less deeply into the impregnation bath 6 and by regulating the pressing pressure the roller 7 can within g @ xtfis © @ r limits the

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humidity of the paper web passing through can be regulated. The degree of moistening is expediently chosen so that the paper still has sufficient tear strength in the longitudinal direction to be able to pass through the subsequent creasing apparatus without tearing off. On the other hand, however, the paper web must be sufficiently saturated to allow the desired degree of longitudinal creasing with a corresponding transverse stretching to W on the one hand.

After leaving the humidification apparatus, the material web arrives into a creasing apparatus and there initially runs into the gap between the creasing rollers 8 and 9. Every these two rollers are provided with a large number of closely spaced annular ribs which, without touching each other, make an adjustable one Mesh amount.

Depending on the type of impregnating agent 6, it may be useful to use the grooving rollers 8, 9 and also those to be described later To heat the grooving roller 10 to a certain temperature. For this purpose, the rollers 8, 9 and 10 can be equipped with suitable electrical heating elements are provided inside, which either stand still and then over the hollow axes of these rollers be fed, or rotate with the rollers, so that the power supply must take place via external slip rings. Of course, heating can also be done by other suitable means, for example diareh. Use '/ on superheated steam, the

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flows through the hollow rollers. It is important that the temperature cannot rise above a permissible maximum value, but the heating should be able to keep the rollers at the desired temperature even with a throughput speed of the impregnated paper web of up to several meters per second. When the moistened paper web passes through the gap between the creasing rollers 8 and 9, it is apparently somewhat held at the points in contact with the ribs, so that the transverse stretching takes place particularly strongly at the points between these adhering zones of the paper. In any case, the paper running through the gap between the rollers 8 and 9 has parallel, strip-like longitudinal zones of different structure, which are clearly recognizable in the paper web.

A detailed description of a corresponding facility can be found in iin. DOS \. & L \ 8?> Included.

The paper web passing through the gap between the grooving rollers 8 and 9 remains on the after leaving this gap Surface of the roller 9 lie, in the present embodiment along a wrap angle of about 180 and arrives then in the gap between this roller 9 and a third grooving roller 10. While the dwell is already in the first gap longitudinally grooved and transversely stretched paper web the surface of the roller © 9 v / earths, in contact with, the annular ribs this roller located parts of the paper web, something

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dried and stiffened, which fixes the loosened structure of the paper.

When the paper web, which is already longitudinally grooved and, to a certain extent, transversely stretched, runs through the second gap between the interlocking rollers 9 and 10, a further deepening of the longitudinal grooves and an increase in the transverse stretching can be produced, whereby it is ensured that the position of the pa-

W pier web in the second gap between rollers 9 and 10 is the same as in the first gap between rollers 8 and 9. After leaving the second gap, the longitudinally grooved and transversely stretched paper web remains on roller 10 along a wrap angle of 180 and will withdrawn from there over a pulley 11 in the horizontal direction. It should be mentioned that during the dwell time of the paper web on the roller 10, those parts touch the heated annular ribs which are in each case between

'See adjacent ribs were located, so the annular ribs of the roller 9 have not touched. This ensures that the relevant parts of the paper web and the paper fibers are pre-dried and stiffened again. If desired, the creping device consisting of the three rollers 8, 9 and 10 can be provided with a cover 14 so that the vapors emerging from the paper web can be drawn off or sucked up in the direction of the arrow 15.

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The paper web treated in this way is in most cases of excess due to the contact with the rollers 9 or 10 Impregnating agent completely freed. Should the drying not be sufficient, the paper web can over the deflection rollers 11 and 12 are still fed to a further drying device 13, which in a known manner, so for example by electrical Heating or hot air removes the remaining liquid content of the web. Particularly volatile when used Impregnating agent 6, however, it is possible to dispense with such an additional drying device 13, since the The drying effect of the heated rollers 9 and 10 is sufficient. The impregnating agent evaporating from the paper web can also be recovered if known devices are provided on the suction pipe of the drying device 13.

Instead of the creasing station of the device according to FIG. 1, which is equipped with three intermeshing rollers 8, 9, and stations of other types, such as those described, for example, in the patents No. DftS / M30.M _f VBPA.ÜS.fS ^ W 4.081, can be used are. For many purposes it is also sufficient if the paper web only passes through the gap between the rollers 8 and 8 and from there passes horizontally directly on the drying device 13.

The © paper web i-dxd coming from the drying station 13 is usually on a Bobin® 14

later unwound on a strand machine of known design, wrapped and formed into an endless filter strand, which is divided into filter rods.

According to one embodiment of the present method for producing carbon-containing filters, when using such paper or fleece-like and cellulose-containing fiber webs for filling the filter rods, a sulfuric acid component is added to this fiber web together with the impregnating agent 6 before processing into filter rods, then excess impregnating agent through Drying eliminated and wrapped filter rods produced from the fiber web thus prepared in the manner briefly described above. These filter rods, which outwardly hardly differ from those without a sulfuric acid component, are then immediately, or at any later point in time, heated to such a temperature that the sulfuric acid component reacts with the hydrogen and carbon groups in the cellulose fibers and carbon while largely retaining the fiber structure is eliminated. When water is used as a wetting agent 6 for a glat te Rohpapierbalin with the above weight already enclosing% concentrated sulfuric acid is sufficient from 0.2 to 5 wt. To the dampening water to the paper web to be prepared so that in the subsequent heat treatment of the finished Filterstäbs the removal of carbon ex 'follows. Also _c when using conductive impregnating agents zvx

Moistening the paper web, so for example with alcohol or acetone, the content of sulfuric acid in the above Area lie. Of course, you could also work with much higher concentrations in the humidifying liquid, however, undesirable side effects usually occur, such as noticeable corrosion of machine parts, etc.

Of course, there is also the possibility that according to the present Process required sulfuric acid component not the impregnating agent 6, but only the already longitudinally grooved and to add defibrated paper web, for example spraying sulfuric acid diluted with water onto the paper web or to immerse the paper web and then to free it from the excess water again. The facility is used for this 1 provided with an additive according to FIG. 2, and the one emerging from the drying apparatus 13, which is frayed and longitudinally grooved Paper web passed through the impregnating agent 22 provided with a sulfuric acid component in the trough 23, for which the possibly driven pulleys 24 and 25, as well as a pressure roller 26 are provided *. On the pressure roller 26 presses the counter roller 27, which for example has a jacket made of elastic Has material and excess impregnating agent the paper web prints »The orphans 26 and 27 can also be stranded with profiled surfaces. The Paper web through a drying apparatus 28, in which, if necessary Excess impregnating agent 22 can be recovered

1G9886 / 1275

can and is wound on the supply roll 29 as a bobbin after drying has taken place. Instead of the drawn impregnation by immersing the paper web in the impregnating agent 22, the impregnation can of course also be carried out by means of any other known means Method. If a volatile impregnating agent is used, the paper web is dried very quickly and it is therefore also possible in some cases to dispense with a drying apparatus 28 entirely.

The treated according to the present process and formed into a bobbin 29 wound paper web is then unwound again on a strand machine of conventional design, wrapped and formed into one formed endless filter rod, which is divided into filter rods and filter plugs.

If, for example, by a longitudinally grooved and frayed paper web to the above with reference to FIG. Manner described 1, but a piece has not yet been provided with a sulfuric acid component cut off and the same half in a solution of 2 wt.% Concentrated sulfuric acid in water submerged and then freed from excess water by drying, practically no difference can be found on the paper between the soaked and the non-soaked part after drying. However, if this paper, half of which has a sulfuric acid component, is heated at a temperature of 150 ° C., for example, for a period of 5 minutes, it does not show

109886/1275

soaked part of the paper no changes, but the piece provided with a sulfuric acid component has taken on a deep black color and shows a charcoal appearance. It is believed that the sulfuric acid component when heated with the hydrogen (H) and carbon (C) in reacts with the cellulose fibers, forming gaseous substances that evaporate and carbon is excreted. The fiber structure of the paper is largely retained. The attached FIG. 3 shows the boundary between the impregnated and non-impregnated part of such a longitudinally grooved, frayed piece of paper and leaves it clear recognize that the fiber structure in the carbon precipitation is actually largely retained.

It should be noted that according to the described The reaction taking place in the process in no way corresponds to coking of the paper, which only occurs at much higher temperatures with the release of tar and oily vapors takes place »It is assumed that in the reaction described the Sulfuric acid component only certain hydrogen groups and / or hydroxyl groups of the cellulose molecule with excretion from carbon to water and the molecular structure undergoes no fundamental change. The reaction also takes place when the heating is in a vacuum or in a Protective gas takes place.

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According to an embodiment of the present method However, the paper web provided with a sulfuric acid component is not heated immediately after it has been dried, but rather first processed in filter rods and then in the filling of these filter rods, either immediately or at will long storage, by heating to a temperature of over 100 C, but below the coking temperature, the one described causes chemical reaction and excretes carbon. Because the fiber structure is largely retained in the filling the now carbon-containing filter rods have practically the same strength as before and also the covering of the filter rods, which consists of white paper, is not affected by the heating. Such Carbon-containing filter rods are therefore extremely easy to produce according to the present process like normal filter rods, because the addition of a sulfuric acid component to the cellulosic Paper webs can be produced without difficulty and the finished filter rods can also be heated easily perform, for example using a 150 to 200 C heated continuous furnace, in which the usual one-sided open container for those cigarette filters that contain several thousand pieces of filter rods, linger for about 5 to 15 minutes.

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The present procedure is therefore "in or on every cellulose fiber is made of pure carbon, which "does not undergo any change from the outside, since the one producing it." Reaction takes place within the filling of the respective filter rods after their completion. Accordingly Such a carbonaceous filter has excellent absorption properties and is effective in terms of its effect the smoke flowing through is at least equivalent to the filters that have been used up to now, using high-purity activated carbon, if don't think about it. While in the production of carbon-containing filters according to the previously known processes there is a risk of that the activated carbon in the manufacturing process of the filter by impurities and a "poisoning" of the porous surface is impaired in their activity, this risk does not exist in the present method, since the filter rods after Excretion of the carbon can only be processed by dividing it into individual filters, which of course does not Can cause impairment of the activity of the excreted carbon. Since the carbon also comes from a chemical The reaction to being excreted at a multitude of points in the structure of every single cellulose fiber is an extreme one Fine distribution of the carbon within the filter is guaranteed and the resulting carbon particles have a lot smaller grain size than the carbon powder used in previously known filters.

109886/1275

In the case of the present method, however, there is the possibility, through the duration and temperature of the heating of the fiber material To influence the desired activity, which eliminates the need for the activation process required for conventional activated carbons. This influencing of the activity in the present method can be used, for example, for testing medical Coal according to the GERMAN ARZNEI-BUCH DAB 7 prescribed decolorization test with a methylene blue solution in water

determine. Only if 40 cm of the prescribed methylene blue solution is completely decolored by a quantity of 0.2 g of the charcoal within 5 minutes, the charcoal in question may may be referred to as "medical absorbent char". A solution of 0.15 grams of methylene blue in 100 cm of water is used used.

Example I.

: A 26 cm wide paper web that is smooth on one side

of 35 g weight per m, as above based on

Fig. 1 described, produced using a solution of 2% by weight of concentrated sulfuric acid H ₃ SO ₄ in water as the impregnating agent 6. Filter rods (8.1 mm in diameter and 66 mm in length) wrapped with paper were produced from the paper web thus prepared and dried. These filter rods were heated in an oven to different temperatures and for different periods of time, then removed and tested. In the diagram 109886/1275 shown in FIG

the line labeled C represents the treatment time t at the various temperatures T represents which was required to completely blacken the filling in the filter rods to obtain. In a heat treatment corresponding to the hatched area D showed the relevant filter rods according to the methylene blue test, the one prescribed for medical activated charcoal Activity. The white cover of the filter rods made from the usual paper did not show any visible change.

It must be noted, however, that of course all related Duration and temperature of the heat treatment above the line C in Fig. 4 filter rods show a noticeable activity in particular with regard to the absorption of particles and gaseous components from cigarette smoke. Just corresponds the activity does not meet the requirements for medical activated charcoal, but what is required for the use of cigarette filters is not always necessary.

Example II : It was 26 cm wide, smooth on one side

Paper web of 35 gr. Weight per m moistened with methyl alcohol and, as described above with reference to FIG. 1, grooved in the longitudinal direction and stretched in the transverse direction, then freed from the excess moistening agent and immediately one

109886/127 5

Strand machine supplied for the purpose of producing Filter rods with an outer diameter of 8.1 mm and a length of 66 mm. The draw resistance of these filter rods was measured in the usual, standardized manner and the mean value from IO measurements educated. Then 15 mm long pieces were separated from the filter rods, on one Filterless cigarette mounted and in a standardized clearing machine of the nicotine and Tar content determined in the smoke behind the filter. Here, too, a mean value from 10 abrasion tests was used educated. In the table below, the measured values are labeled DICO-A.

Draw resistance nicotine + tar in mm WS smoke 1 cigarette

DICO-A 92.8 14.6 mg

DICO-AK 96.4 12.2 mg

In the same way and for the same base paper% concentrated sulfuric acid corresponding to the humectant längsgerillte, shredded Papierbahnnen, then filter rods or filter plugs were accompanied by 1 wt. Creates prepared for cigarettes and to the

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investigated manner indicated above. Practically no deviations from the values given for DICO-A could be determined. A part of the filter rods produced in this way was heated to a temperature of 190 ° C. for a period of 7 minutes, then cooled and examined in the same way as indicated above. The results are shown in the table under the designation. DICO-AK reproduced. It can be seen that the fiber structure of the filling in the filter rods was not impaired by the carbon precipitated, because the tensile resistance of the relevant DICO-NK filter rods has not decreased, but increased somewhat. The beneficial effect of the excreted carbon in the filter on the solid and liquid particles contained in the smoke is shown by the fact that the smoke behind the filter now has a 16 % lower nicotine and tar content than the untreated DICO-A filters .

The active area D in FIG. 4 is somewhat dependent on the percentage of sulfuric acid in the water or in the volatile humidifying agent, as well as on the length of the filter rods. With help of the discoloration test, however, the active area for each filter

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type can be easily identified. The one corresponding to the active area DICO-AK filter rods produced showed the same activity as immediately even after storage for several months after heat treatment.

In the manufacture of carbonaceous filter rods according to the present Method using the device described above with reference to FIG. 1 can also be carried out by means of a device that does not contain sulfuric acid Impregnating agent 6, for example water or a volatile liquid / a longitudinally grooved and frayed one Produced paper web, wound into a reel 14 and this reel, before being processed in a strand machine Filter rods, according to the present method with one of the required Treated solution containing sulfuric acid component and then freed again from the excess solvent will. For this purpose, as indicated in FIG. 5, the reel 14 can be unwound, for example, in a rewinding machine, by a Impregnation bath of the type indicated in Fig. 2 drawn and after at least partial drying in the device 28 again to one Bobbin 29 are wound up, which is then processed into filter rods in a strand machine.

Furthermore, there is the possibility indicated in FIG. 6, the longitudinally grooved which runs off the bobbin 14 on a strand machine Paper web with one containing the sulfuric acid component

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To moisten the solution with the nozzle 30 or in another way and immediately afterwards over the deflection roller 31 of a drying apparatus 32 feed, where they are at least partially removed from the excess solvent, for example by radiant heating is released. Then the paper web is fed directly to the infeed funnel 41 of a strand machine of known design, together with the wrapping tape 48, which runs off the supply drum 47 - the funnel 41 runs in the transverse direction gathered, longitudinally grooved paper web as wrapped cylindrical strand with a diameter of, for example, 8.0 mm, the protruding edge 42 of the envelope is provided with a line of glue by the apparatus 43, folded over and during passage glued by the heated molding tool 44, so that the wrapped finished filter rod 49 is produced. To overcome friction the endless conveyor belt 46 runs over the pulleys 45 and through the funnel 41, as well as the molding tool 44. The finished endless Filter rod 49 is then subdivided in a known manner into filter rods which can have a length of 66 to 120 mm, accordingly six times the length of the filter plug.

Another embodiment of a device for implementation of the present method is shown schematically in FIG. This device corresponds with respect to the humidification apparatus 5, 6, 7 for the base paper web 1, as well as the creasing and stretching apparatus 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the one described above with reference to FIG. wherein in the bath 6 a liquid without sulfuric acid component

109888/12 ⁸ FB

is used. On its way over the deflection rollers 11 and 12, however, the longitudinally grooved and fiberized paper web is then through the spraying apparatus 40 is treated with the intended volatile solution containing a sulfuric acid component. If if desired, a cover hood can enclose the spraying apparatus 40. The prepared paper web arrives behind the deflection roller 12 to the inlet funnel 41 of the strand machine of the known type, which has already been described above with reference to FIG. 6. If desired, the paper web can of course also be heated between the deflection roller 12 and the inlet funnel 41, which accelerates the removal of the solvent, but also for the rapid drying of the glue applied by the apparatus 43

Line is beneficial.

In the device according to FIG. 7, after the exit of the paper web from the creasing and forging rollers 8, 9, 10 no drying apparatus is specified. This is for some embodiments of the present process permissible if a volatile wetting liquid 6 and heated creasing and Creping rollers 8, 9, 10 are provided; in this case it is advisable to choose a wetting liquid 6 that also has one Forms part of the solvent with which the paper web is treated in the spraying device 40.

With a device of the type shown in FIG it can be advantageous if the paper web enters the

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Funnel 41 is not completely freed from the solvent, but dry after covering and subdividing into filter rods can .. Especially for rope machines that run in snow this is useful if such solvents as, for example Alcohol or acetone are used, which do not shrink during the drying process of the paper web in the cover, but causes an expansion, so the hardness and elasticity of the filter rods against radial pressure increases.

Finally, it should be noted that there is also the possibility consists, in a device according to FIG. 1, the smooth base paper web 1 running off the supply roll 2 before entering in the moistening station 5, 6, 7 in an impregnation device to be treated with a solvent containing a sulfuric acid component. 8 shows a corresponding device with an impregnation device consisting of the rollers 30, 31 and the vessel 32 for the, for example, containing sulfuric acid Solution 33, as well as the drying apparatus 34. The paper web treated in this way then passes through the other stations, which correspond to those of the device according to FIG.

In the devices explained above with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 5 to 8 To produce carbon-containing filter rods, a flat base paper web 1 is pulled off the supply roll 2 (Fig. 1, 8) and on the way up to the inlet in a strand machine (Fig. 6, 7) provided with a sulfuric acid component.

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In addition, there is also the possibility of using a raw paper roll that already has a corresponding sulfuric acid component to be used, for example, in a separate rewinding machine of the type already described with reference to FIG. 5 above, moistened with a dilute solution containing the sulfuric acid component, then dried and rewound into a raw paper roll. The preparation of the base paper web with a sulfuric acid component can also take place immediately after the paper production, that is to say that from the known paper machines emerging paper web, possibly before complete drying, in the manner described above with a solution containing sulfuric acid. There is also the possibility of removing the sulfuric acid component from the paper to be added, 'that the pulp used to manufacture the paper already contains this sulfuric acid component, so that the resulting produced paper rolls already represent a prepared fiber web provided with a sulfuric acid component.

In the above exemplary embodiments, a flat paper web is described as the raw material, but the method is in no way restricted to this. Rather, all flat fiber webs © of the nonwovens can be used for the present process, as they contain carbon (CC) and hydrogen (H) constituents -snfzkmlt & ä _s äie aii-s sulfuric acid when heated under g rssgissr-an. Ä ^ ssar paper webs belong here

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For example, all other flat fibrous webs made from natural and / or artificial cellulose fibers, as well as nonwovens and fiber wicks containing such fibers, for example those made of cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose diacetate, regenerated cellulose, cellulose esters, etc. Except cellulose fibers of natural and Of artificial origin, olefin fibers and polyethylene materials in the form of nonwovens or fiber strands can also be used for the present process. Fiber fleeces, which are present as flat, dimensionally stable fiber webs in the form of rolls, can be treated according to the present method with the devices described above with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 5 to 8 for flat paper webs. Of course, there is also the option of adding the sulfuric acid component to the fibers during the manufacture of the nonwoven with such fiber webs. For example, flat fibrous webs containing cellulose are produced in such a way that the spread out fibrous material is first treated with alkalis, thereby making the surface sticky, solidified into a flat web, then completely neutralized by adding Sluraa and then dried A Sehw @ £ @ 3Lsä «r © Kompon®nte v / grounded by either working with eLn®% @ shwef © lsiis ^ © lisilfeig © ß solution and © in fiber fleece g © @ <sliaf £ @ n wirä, cfe® .. ^: · Ig @ r © its <äi © © rfior = · Sehwe £ © lsehsE®k®mp © nenfco

Fiber strands or fiber wicks are made to a large extent cellulosic fibers of natural and / or artificial origin which do not contain any sulfuric acid components and which are stacked into bales and pressed together in an irregular manner to be delivered. When processing such, for example from cellulose acetate fibers or cellulose triacetate fibers existing fiber strands becomes the strand from the bale

^ peeled off, loosened into a wick by mechanical or pneumatic means, then provided with a plasticizer for the fiber surface, compressed into a cylindrical strand, dried in the process, and then fed to the inlet funnel 41 of a strand machine (Fig. 7,8) and processed into filter rods . For the production of carbon-containing filter rods according to the present method, a sulfuric acid component must be added to the fiber strand at a suitable point in this production process and the finished filter rods must then be subjected to a heat treatment. For this purpose, the Paserstrang or fibrous wick may be withdrawn from the bale 51 50 to the schematically illustrated in Fig. Äusführungsbeispiel and over the deflecting rollers 52, 53 and 54 are supplied to a Tränkungseinrichtung. In this, the fiber strand 50 runs over the deflection roller 55 and the immersion roller 56 then the sulfuric acid-containing solution 57 in the container 58 , is pressed off the balls 59 and 6O and in the drying area 61 ψοη excess solution

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funds exempt. The fiber strand 65 provided with a sulfuric acid component then runs over the deflecting rollers 62, 63, 64 to form a Stacking device 66 of known design and is stacked in an irregular manner in a container 67 and then ' compressed. The prepared fiber strand located in the container 67 differs externally and in relation to its Processing into filter rods in no way of the unprepared fiber strand 50 in the container 51. The carbon and hydrogen components owning fiber strand but now has a sulfuric acid component in such a form that its When heated, a chemical reaction of this sulfuric acid component with the fiber material takes place with carbon deposition.

When preparing such fiber strands according to the based on In the method described in FIG. 9, it is important that the sulfuric acid-containing solution 57 penetrates the fiber strand as possible completely moistened, for which the use of volatile and solvents such as alcohol and acetone rapidly wetting the fibers are expedient = the method can be both for fiber strands made from smooth as well as from crimped fibers be used"

To Prlpaxieriang fiber © teifegesi that inselnen from ©, not einaafier HasStanäen 'Fifea i3 © st @ n © n _ff! Mused to a process overall

Wig « 10 used wsstao Hi © s"! B © i becomes from the bale 51 2Fsis © rsträSig SO 'Sfees üi © "u &Mohis'SulXmn70" 71

runs through a pneumatic expansion chamber 72, as well as over the rotating rollers 73, 74 and 75, which he largely as a flat path parallel filament leaves. In the moistening device 76, the top and bottom of this flat fiber web sprayed with a solution containing sulfuric acid and the excess solvent in the subsequent drying device 77 eliminated. The dry parallel individual fibers are then re-formed in a funnel-shaped device 78 Fiber strand 65 gathered, but now contains a sulfuric acid component. This fiber strand 65 runs over the Reversing rollers 79, 80 and is then in the same way as above described with reference to FIG. 9, in the container 67 in irregular Way stacked and pressed together.

Fiber wicks and fiber strands of the type described, which do not yet contain any sulfuric acid component, can, however, also be treated with a suitable solution containing sulfuric acid during the preparation of the fiber material and before it is fed to the inlet funnel of a strand machine. Is in the processing of pulp into filter rods a liquid medium in any case attached to the fiber materials for other reasons, for example in the form of a plasticizer to soften the surface of the fibers, so it is possible to provide this liquid medium with a corresponding amount of sulfuric acid and the sulfuric acid component in this way to be added to the fibers. For example, it is common for both

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Manufacture of filter rods from cellulose acetate fibers, in particular made of cellulose triacetate fibers, the loose fiber strand before entering the strand machine as a plasticizer a triacetine solution to add. This triacetine solution causes the fiber surface to soften, which is sufficient for the fibers in the fiber strand to adhere Crossing points of touching fibers after drying of the plasticizer stick together; in the production of such filter rods, in order to apply the present process, only the need for the triacetine solution to be sufficient Add amount of sulfuric acid, which on the one hand does not interfere with the function of the plasticizer in any way, but on the other hand it does Fiber strand adds the required sulfuric acid component so that the filter rods produced can be used at any later date Time by heating in the manner described above, a reaction with precipitation of carbon on the fiber surface demonstrate.

As already mentioned above, with carbon-containing filters for tobacco products, in particular for cigarettes, the production of double or triple filters is necessary, since the piece of the filter plug facing the suction end should be free of carbon. Normally, the carbonaceous and non-carbonaceous filter parts are made separately for such double or multiple filter and then in special machines zn called Mehrfachfilteratäben ¹ arranged one after another, carbonaceous and non-carbonaceous sections entsprsehond ^ r Läng © additionally © n! Ffi @ NGSS © tst _e Avoidance üi®s®s EussM & ®m3®tswä <3i

1ÖS886 / 12 ?!

Oil-containing filter pieces in special facilities has already been proposed several times, such double filter rods directly to manufacture from paper or fiber strips on their surface are only provided with carbon particles in transverse strips and have non-carbon-containing transverse strips in between, for example in the in Fig. 11 indicated manner. If such flat paper or fiber webs become an endless filter rod in a known manner processed and this in the right places in filter rods divided, the desired double filter rods are created if the carbon-containing and non-carbon-containing transverse areas are appropriate Own width. The production of such alternating carbon-containing and non-carbon-containing transverse areas is already in progress known, but such proposals have so far not found their way into practice, since of course the processing of such, Coal granules on the transverse strips of material webs cause difficulties similar to those completely with carbon particles covered paper or fiber webs, or fiber fleeces and fiber wicks. However, these difficulties can be eliminated Eliminate the fact that a sulfuric acid component does not appear on paper webs, flat nonwovens or fiber strands spread out flat is applied evenly over the entire top and / or bottom, but only in horizontal stripes with none in between Transverse areas containing sulfuric acid component. The application of the sulfuric acid component on individual transverse strips of the Material surface kaim iß b®li @ Mger orphan, so b © i «°

for example, by printing a solution containing sulfuric acid onto individual transverse areas, as indicated schematically in FIG. The solution containing H2SO4 can either be used for homogeneous humidification of the entire horizontal stripe can be used, or the printing of the solution containing sulfuric acid is done with a grid, as indicated at 85. The horizontal stripes can also only be in individual Parts 86 or 87 of their surface are printed with the solvent. Instead of one printing process, all others can known methods for applying the sulfuric acid-containing solution to such transverse strips of the web of material are used will.

One such only defined in! Horizontal strips of prepared material web can be processed into filter rods without any difficulties, since the presence of a sulfuric acid component only no difficulties on parts of the web or fiber surface results in processing. The endless filter rods made from such material webs prepared with horizontal strips must of course be divided into filters at predetermined points, including an organ on the strand machines used for this purpose What is necessary is that when a prepared horizontal strip is passed through, a signal is supplied that the cutting device accordingly can control. To activate this organ, it is advisable to add an indicator to the solution containing sulfuric acid, that brings this organ to speak. Is for example

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If the control element is provided with an optical scanning of the not yet completely encased fiber strand, the solution can be provided with a dye or a fluorescent substance, which with appropriate lighting a sufficient Contrast of the prepared transverse stripes compared to the unprepared transverse areas. Also other than optical indicators can be used, for example those which * when the prepared transverse strips pass through an electrical or magnetic field cause a field change.

Fiber wicks or fiber strands can also only be used in individual transverse areas be provided with a sulfuric acid component, for example by spraying with a rapidly wetting, solution containing sulfuric acid from the outside or by injecting such a solution into the inside of the wick.

In all of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention explained so far Process is the fiber materials intended for the production of filter rods on the way from their production to the required sulfuric acid component is added to the actual production of the filter rods in a rod machine; but first After the filter rods have been completed, they are subjected to a heat treatment and, as a result, a reaction of the sulfuric acid component caused with the fibrous materials with the excretion of carbon. However, the present proceedings are not based on this limited, rather the heat treatment can for example

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also on the fibrous materials provided with a sulfuric acid component be carried out before they are formed into filter rods in a rod machine. For example, can in the device according to FIG. 6 between the drying device 32 and the inlet funnel 41 of the strand machine, a corresponding heat treatment can be carried out in which the fiber web is exposed to a temperature of 150 to 200 C for a sufficiently long time, which causes carbon precipitation causes on the fiber web, which is then introduced directly into the inlet funnel 41 of the strand machine. Also at a device according to FIG. 7 is the arrangement of such a heating apparatus between the deflection roller 12 and the inlet funnel 41 of the strand machine possible, so that the carbon precipitation takes place on the fiber web before entering the inlet funnel 41.

In the case of the above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 8, or 2, the flat fiber web 1, after drying, can first pass through a corresponding continuous oven in the apparatuses 13 and 28, so that it is heated to a temperature of over 150 ° C. during the required treatment time is heated. The flat fiber web then containing precipitated carbon is then wound up into a bobbin 14 or 29 and fed to a strand machine at a later point in time, where it is unwound again and fed to the inlet funnel of this strand machine. It has been found that although the fiber web treated in this way

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nen are colored deep black by the precipitated carbon, but processed further as indicated without great difficulty since neither abrasion nor dust occurs to a significant extent.

Even fiber wicks or fiber strands can, after the above-described preparation and addition of the required sulfur component, first passed through a suitable heating system and, after carbon has been separated out, processed into black filter rods with a carbon content in an immediately following strand machine. If desired, there is also the possibility; 9 and 10, the device for treating fiber wicks and fiber strands described above with reference to the drying device 61 or 77 provided there are additionally equipped with a suitable heating device so that the reaction of the sulfuric acid component with the fiber material taking place according to the present method takes place under carbon precipitation, and the so treated, blackened and carbon-containing fiber strand 65 is deposited in the container 67. Further processing of these carbonaceous fiber strands 65 on a rod machine is possible if adequate precautions are taken to this one "poisoning" is avoided of the active carbons.

The filters for tobacco products, in particular for cigarettes, produced by the present process have a filling

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which consists at least partially of fibers of natural and / or artificial origin, and at least in part of the Fibers having precipitated carbon. Such filters are of all previously known carbon-containing ones Filters for tobacco products can be clearly distinguished, as the carbon-containing parts of the filling have a distinct fiber structure and show the type of fiber originally used. For example, filters show longitudinally grooved and fiberized paper webs treated according to the present method are deep black in color and complete interspersed with precipitated carbon, but leave the grooved structure of the paper web and its fiberization see clearly. Filters made from flat fiber webs or nonwovens made from natural or artificial cellulose fibers exist, allow the original structure of the fiber fleece even after the treatment and processing according to the method Detect filters. The same applies to filters made from a fiber wick or fiber strand that are separated out according to the present method Contain carbon.

Even the double or multiple filters produced according to the method described, which are only in one transverse zone of their Filling have precipitated carbon, and are colored deep black, can be used by double or multiple filters of other " Different types of construction are good, as the carbonaceous and

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the non-carbon-containing parts of the filling in the longitudinal direction hang together.

It should be noted that the present method and the filters made therefrom are not limited to the fiber materials specified above. Rather, every fiber material is can be used, which contains carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) constituents, which when heated with a sulfuric acid component can react with the excretion of carbon.

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Claims (1)

PM-991 Claims 1.) Process for the production of covered filter rods for Tobacco products, in particular for cigarettes, made from fiber materials containing carbon (C) and hydrogen (H), characterized in that that at least a portion of such fibrous materials is used, their C and H components with sulfuric acid Heating under C-excretion react that at least one Part of these fibrous materials on the way from production to manufacture of the filter rods, but before they are wrapped, a Added sulfuric acid component and these fibrous materials are then heated until the sulfuric acid component reacts with them and carbon is excreted while largely maintaining the fiber structure. 2.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a portion of cellulose-containing natural and / or artificial fibers are used. 3.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a portion of cellulose acetate fibers is used. 4.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a portion of olefin fibers and / or polyethylene fibers is used etoffen. 109886/1275 5.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber materials at a temperature above 100 C but maintains the coking temperature for the fibrous materials. 6.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating is carried out in a vacuum. 7.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating is carried out in a protective gas. 8.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating of the fibrous materials only after they have been deformed a cylindrical strand, wrapping it and dividing it into filter rods. 9.) The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the filter rods packed in at least one-sided open container and in an oven with a temperature of over 100 ° so-. be heated for a long time until the reaction of the fibers of all Filter rods is at least approximately finished. 10.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when using paper and fleece-like flat fiber webs for the production of the filter rods, the sulfuric acid component is added as a dilute solution of the fiber web, excess solvent is eliminated by drying, the so prepared fiber web then becomes an approximately cylindrical The strand is gathered, wrapped and divided into filter rods, which are then heated at any later point in time in order to 109886/1275 to effect separation of carbon. 11.) The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the sulfuric acid component of the fiber web only transversely in strips added to the longitudinal direction of the web and strips left free in between, i.e. against each other in the filter rods when heated subsequent areas without and with excreted carbon are created. 12.) The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the strip transverse to the longitudinal direction of the web with the sulfuric acid component an indicator to identify these horizontal stripes is attached to a scanning element. 13.) The method according to claim 10, for a flat path before the deformation to filter rods continuously through at least one gap between rotating grooving rollers, which are narrow interlocking but not touching annular ribs are provided, is passed, in which the fiber web is held by the annular ribs and stretched transversely to the direction of travel, the engagement of the ribs to the point of loosening and exposure of fibers but without complete destruction the transverse context of the fiber web is increased, characterized in that the fiber web before entering the Slit is moistened with the diluted solution. 14.) The method according to claim 10 for a flat fiber web that before forming into filter rods continuously through at least one gap between rotating grooving rollers, which with 109886/1275 narrow interlocking but not touching annular ribs are provided, is passed through, in which the paper web is held by the ring ribs and stretched transversely to the direction of travel, the engagement of the ribs up to for loosening and exposing fibers, but without completely destroying the cross-connection of the fiber web is, characterized in that the fiber web is moistened with the diluted solution after exiting the gap. 15.) The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the fiber web before entering the gap with a none Liquid containing sulfuric acid is moistened and made pliable and after emerging from the gap with the a dilute solution containing sulfuric acid component is treated. 16.) The method according to claim 15, characterized in that a liquid which is a component of the diluted solution forms, is used for moistening before entering the gap. 17.) The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the fiber web to remove excess solvent short heated and fed to a strand machine while still hot, encased, formed into a filter rod and this is then divided into filter rods. 1 09886/1275 18.) The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the fiber web after being freed from the solvent to form bobbins is wound up, which is then reshaped into a strand at a later point in time, wrapped and divided into filter rods will. 19.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the use of paper- and fleece-like, flat fiber webs for the production of the filter rods the sulfuric acid component as diluted solution added to the fiber web, excess solvents removed by drying and the fiber web prepared in this way is then wound into bobbins, from which the fiber web is unwound again at a later point in time, a strand machine fed, there is deformed into a strand, wrapped and divided into filter rods, which can be used later Time to be heated to cause the precipitation of carbon. 19.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when using paper- and fleece-like, flat fiber webs To manufacture the filter rods, the sulfuric acid component is added to the fiber web as a dilute solution, excess solvent eliminated by drying and the fiber web prepared in this way is then wound up into bobbins, from which to a later one Time the fiber web is unwound again, continuously passed through a heating device, until the separation of carbon 109886 / 127S material is heated and then fed to a rope machine, in which it is formed into a rope, wrapped and in filter rods is divided. 21.) The method according to claim 1, for a flat fiber web, characterized in that the fiber web has the sulfuric acid component added as a dilute solution, excess solvent then removed, the fiber web then up to Carbon deposit continuously heated and in still hot Condition of a strand machine is fed, wrapped and divided into filter rods. 22.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that paper-like Fiber webs are used, which contain the sulfuric acid component is added during the production of the fiber web from a pulp. 23.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that flat nonwovens are used, which the sulfuric acid component is included in their manufacture. 24.) The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the fiber web unwound from a supply roll, with a sulfuric acid solution treated, dried, rewound into a roll and added at a later date Filter rods is further processed. 109886/1275 25.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a strand or wick made of fibers and / or threads is used to which the sulfuric acid component is added as a dilute solution, Excess solvent removed, the strand or wick formed into an approximately cylindrical strand with a coating is provided and divided into filter rods, which are then heated at any later point in time to the Ausvon Effecting carbon. 26.) The method according to claim 25, for a strand or wick, which before forming into an approximately cylindrical strand a Plasticizer liquid is added, characterized in that the sulfuric acid component with the plasticizer liquid is attached together. 27.) The method according to claim 25, for a strand or wick, the a plasticizer liquid is added prior to shaping into an approximately cylindrical strand, characterized in that that at least a portion of cellulose acetate fibers and a triacetine solution as a plasticizer and the sulfuric acid ecomponent is added to the triazetine solution by adding sulfuric acid. 28.) The method according to claim 25, characterized in that one, pressed together in a supply bale, piled up Fiber strand pulled from the bale with a sulfuric acid Solution treated, dried, stacked again, compressed and formed into a bale that becomes a .1098H S / 1275 later processed into filter rods. 29.) The method according to claim 25, characterized in that the fiber strand only in successive transverse areas a sulfuric acid component is added and the transverse areas in between are kept free. 30.) The method according to claim 29, characterized in that the transverse areas with the sulfuric acid component an indicator substance to identify these transverse stripes against a Scanning element is attached. 31.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a strand or wick made of fibers and / or threads is used, the the sulfuric acid component added as a dilute solution, excess solvent removed, the strand or wick then heated until carbon is deposited from the fibers or threads, shaped into an approximately cylindrical strand, 'is provided with a wrapper and divided into filter rods. 32.) The method of claim 1, characterized in that the use of cellulose-containing fibrous webs and / or fiber strands, the sulfuric acid component of a solution from 0.5 to 5 wt.% Of concentrated sulfuric acid is added in a solvent, the excess solvent removed and the fiber material then is heated at a temperature in the range from 160 to 200 C until it has an activity as prescribed for medicinal charcoal (area D in FIG. 4). 109886/1275 33.]) Filters for tobacco products, especially for cigarettes, with an at least partially made of fiber materials natural and / or Filling consisting of artificial origin, characterized by the carbon precipitated from at least some of the fibers. 34.) Filter according to claim 33, characterized by a paper web containing cellulosic fibers with excreted carbon. 35.) Filter according to claim 33, characterized by a wick which is at least partially made of viscose fibers with excreted Carbon. 36.) Filter according to claim 33, characterized by a fiber mass, which consists at least in part of cellulose triacetate fibers with precipitated carbon. 37.) Filter according to claim 33, characterized by a fiber mass ,, which consists at least in part of olefin fibers with precipitated carbon. 38.) Filter according to claim 33, characterized by a fiber-containing Filling with adjoining volume areas with and without precipitated carbon. 109886/1275 Blank page