DE2124095A1 - Reinforced concrete structure resting on reinforced concrete columns - Google Patents

Description

DR. ING. E. HOFFMANN · DIPL. ING. W. EITLE DR. RER. NAT. K. HOFFMANN D-8000 MÖNCHEN 81ARABELLASTRASSE 4 TELEPHONE (0811) 911087

Georg Hubmann in Munich

Reinforced concrete structure resting on reinforced concrete columns

The present invention relates to a reinforced concrete structure resting on reinforced concrete columns for Recording of several traffic and supply levels arranged one above the other and possibly next to one another preferably for track-bound and trackless vehicles.

The avalanche-like increase in traffic density in most industrialized countries has caused the

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Earth both in the field of track-bound and trackless vehicles to a temporary total overload the available traffic routes. Even using the most modern construction methods, it is has not been possible so far, even approximating the steadily increasing demand for traffic routes, such as regional roads, Cover highways and rail routes.

Practically insoluble problems are also posed by the ever increasing speeds of new vehicle developments that seem to fulfill the desire for shorter driving times, i.e. for time savings. So are, for example, motor vehicles that have continuous speeds of over 2oo km / h achieve, no longer a rarity. Likewise, there is the development of track-bound Vehicles with top speeds of 500 km / h. shortly before graduation. Traffic routes, those with a high level of traffic with sufficient safety allow driving with such high-speed vehicles, however, have not yet been developed. From time to time constructive suggestions for solving these problems are made known, however attempts of this kind have so far failed due to the technical feasibility or the high costs.

The aim of the present invention is to solve the pending traffic problems by creating a for the non-crossing traffic of track-bound and trackless vehicles of all types and speeds suitable reinforced concrete structures to solve, which is largely independent of existing traffic routes and facilities technically as possible is easy and cheap to create. The entire body should be designed in such a way that it is completely or largely made of prefabricated components

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can, although a largely monolithic construction and statically favorable properties as possible should be preserved. Particular care should be taken to ensure that when there are several Transport and / or supply routes the supporting structure or the substructure for the supply routes is as simple and cost-saving as possible.

According to the invention, this aim is achieved in the case of a reinforced concrete body resting on reinforced concrete supports mentioned type achieved in that the supporting structure resting on the supports for a traffic and / or Supply level consists of parallel tubes arranged next to or one above the other, which are dimensioned in this way and are designed that they form further traffic and / or supply routes in their interiors. By the features according to the invention is a reinforced concrete structure for accommodating traffic and supply levels created for vehicles of all types and speeds, which is completely independent of existing traffic systems without moving earth from prefabricated components can be created with very little technical, constructive and time expenditure and thereby a forms a completely monolithic structure over existing traffic routes.

A particularly economical construction of the reinforced concrete body according to the invention is achieved by a set of components achieved, which is made up of at least partially prefabricated columns, beams, tubes, slabs, ceilings and walls, whereby supports or empty scaffolding and formwork on the construction site are avoided.

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To meet the requirements, i.e. for vehicles of all types and speeds, including To be suitable for high traffic density, such a structure must have exceptional static properties exhibit. In the case of a structure of the type according to the invention, these static properties are thereby achieved on the one hand achieves that the at least one traffic route and / or supply room forming tubes as reinforced concrete tubes are formed substantially rectangular cross-section, xvobei between the adjacent tubes is located over at least a large part of the tube extending space, which may be reinforced with Cast-in-place concrete is filled and into which reinforcing iron protruding from the side of the tubes merge. The individual reinforced concrete tubes, which expediently consist of at least four walls in one piece, are designed in such a way that the bottom walls of the tubes to form projections on the tube sides somewhat protrude beyond the outer surfaces of the side walls. As the end faces of the projections of these tubes on end faces of projections of adjacent tubes rest at least partially, that is, between the adjacent tubes located tubes extend over at least a large part of the tube height extending space down close, these gaps can immediately with reinforced in-situ concrete without any formwork filled in, creating a monolithic connection of the tubes reached one another and the core reached one of the tube walls and the in-situ concrete in between formed support beam is formed.

In the way described, one becomes extraordinary Rigid and torsion-resistant monolithic supporting structure created that not only accommodates the on

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the traffic routes in the tubes, but also to accommodate the loads above them and underlying traffic and / or supply levels occurring static and dynamic loads suitable is.

A monolithic connection of the components adjoining the interconnected tubes can can preferably be achieved in that between the adjoining components and the corresponding walls the pipes a gap filled with in-situ concrete is provided in the parts of the reinforcement of the pipe walls and the adjoining components protrude into the composite.

To create the simplest and most practical In the column construction, it is advantageous that the supports consist of reinforced concrete supports, each arranged in pairs, with a substantially circular cross-section. A completely formwork-free column construction is achieved in that the reinforced concrete columns have a shell filled with concrete, which consists of at least one concrete, metal or plastic pipe. Experience has shown that corrugated or seamless steel pipes are particularly suitable.

In order to achieve a load-bearing support for the reinforced concrete pipes arranged next to one another, it is useful to that in each case at least two of the supports are on their top with one located essentially horizontally extending cross members are connected. A particularly light and yet extremely stable cross member for Reinforced concrete pipes are made by using an at least partially prefabricated reinforced concrete profile girder with im substantial T-shaped cross-section achieved.

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If the reinforced concrete profile beam is designed in such a way, that it is supported by a substantially horizontally extending, resting on the end face of the supports, the legs of the T-shaped cross-section forming plate is formed, from the top of which a rib-like, ridge provided with openings protrudes, the height of which corresponds to the height of the tubes, so is a Cross member created, which allows a simple and problem-free assembly of both the reinforced concrete pipes and the above or the traffic and / or supply levels below and on the side of the tubes and still after the completion of the reinforced concrete structure forms a monolithic unit with the adjoining components. This monolithic Unity is achieved in that parts of the reinforcement of the steel profile girders from the girders to the composite protrude with a possibly reinforced subsequent in-situ concrete layer.

An increase in the usable traffic area of the reinforced concrete body according to the invention is simple Way achieved by the fact that on the free side walls of the tubes arranged next to each other, further traffic and / or supply levels are cantilevered. Because of their lateral arrangement, such levels are particularly suitable for accommodating regional roads and in the area of cities and towns to accommodate platforms for the rail vehicles running in the tubes. A technically easy to implement and statically high loadable design of these on the side of the reinforced concrete tubes attached traffic and / or supply levels is achieved that these levels from There are plates that are integrally formed with the adjoining tubes. Preferably levels are conceivable, which are placed on cross members that are extended beyond the tubes.

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Another, technically easy to implement possibility of fastening from the side of the reinforced concrete tubes adjoining traffic and / or supply levels consists in the plates to accommodate the levels with the edge regions of their one side on projections arranged on the side walls of the outer tubes to rest and the other side edge of these plates to the placed on the top of the tubes Depend levels.

To achieve the largest possible traffic and / or traffic route that protrudes laterally beyond the tubes Supply level on top of the reinforced concrete pipes, it is advisable to put one over the pipes on the pipes Provide laterally projecting supporting structure. This is in an embodiment of the invention Structure either by the arrangement of a resting on the tubes and possibly connected to the tubes Hollow body plate or achieved transversely to the tube axis resting on the tubes supports on which if necessary, support the slabs that support the road surface.

A very important advantage of the invention Building structure is the possibility, instead of traffic routes on the level above the tubes, for example, hotels, To arrange apartments, holiday homes and the like. In the area of cities, train stations and the like In addition, existing areas such as track systems and the like can be built over with reinforced concrete bodies, which consist of a large number of tubes arranged next to one another. This makes it possible, for example Parking levels for vehicles, feeder routes, business streets and production facilities above existing ones that are already in use

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To arrange floor areas. If necessary, the number of supports can be increased in these areas.

The following is an embodiment of the invention for further explanation and better understanding described and explained in more detail in the drawings.

Fig. 1 shows schematically a perspective view of an embodiment of a reinforced concrete structure according to the invention with broken off Front side to show the cross-section,

Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of the end face of the reinforced concrete structure according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale,

3 shows a detail in a side view of the reinforced concrete structure according to the invention, and

Fig. 4 shows schematically in a perspective view Construction detail of the reinforced concrete structure according to the invention in the area of a pair of supports to explain the structure of the reinforced concrete structure according to the invention.

As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the reinforced concrete structure 1 according to the invention consists essentially from a total of six reinforced concrete tubes 2 rectangular cross-section arranged side by side, which with their ends rest on horizontal cross members 3, which are supported by reinforced concrete columns 4 of round cross-section arranged in pairs at a height of about 15 m will.

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^{In the present embodiment, a plate 5 protruding over the outer tubes 2 1} is applied to the six reinforced concrete ^{tubes 2 and 2 1} arranged next to one another, which are primarily used to accommodate rail vehicles, and which supports the roadway of a six-lane motorway in the present Pall.

Under the cantilevered areas of the ^{motorway resting on the tubes 2 and 2 1,} a further traffic level 6 is attached to the side walls of the outer tubes 2 ¹ , which in the present case outside of towns and cities to accommodate the regional roads and in the area of the towns or cities to accommodate the platforms necessary for the handling of rail traffic.

The reinforced concrete structure 1 shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 represents an embodiment as it appears expedient, preferably outside the towns and cities, that is to say on the open road. Within the scope of the invention, however, it is possible, for example, within towns or cities at stops for the ^{rail vehicles running in the reinforced concrete tubes 2, 2 1} , to arrange the individual reinforced concrete tubes 2, 2 'not close to one another, but at any distance from one another to create additional platform areas. Access to the platforms then lying between the individual reinforced concrete tubes 2, 2 'is possible at any time from below, so that crossing adjacent tubes is no longer necessary.

Within the scope of the present invention, it is also possible at any time in conurbations to add an additional number of tubes 2, 2 ^{1 corresponding to the respective requirement in addition to the tubes used in overland traffic}

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to accommodate further traffic routes, supply or business operations or to create parking spaces to be provided for motor vehicles.

Like from Pig. 2 can be seen, the process according to the invention proceeds Reinforced concrete structure over a track of conventional railways. This has the advantage that the reinforced concrete structure can be built with rail vehicles from the track structure. Creating new ones Roads for delivering building materials and machines to the route can therefore be superfluous.

Due to the arrangement of the reinforced concrete structure according to the invention over already existing track bodies of the Railways will also make the procurement of land for such a construction project superfluous, or at least at least considerably simplified. Not least because of the property problem So far feasible plans for the creation of modern traffic routes to solve the initially failed described traffic problems.

In FIG. 4, the structural design of a total of six reinforced concrete tubes 2 with a rectangular cross section of a reinforced concrete structural body according to the invention is shown schematically. In the present embodiment, these six steel concrete pipes 2 rest 2 ¹ (for clarity, only three tubes are shown) * round on a T-shaped concrete profile support 3 vertically upward erstreckendem web 7 on the upper end faces of adjacently spaced reinforced concrete columns 4 Cross section rests. The ends of the reinforced concrete ^{tubes 2, 2 1} thus rest on legs 8 extending horizontally on both sides of the web ¹ J. As can be seen from Fig. 4, the reinforced concrete

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pipe 2 made up of four walls, the bottom walls in order to obtain which of at the outer lower edge of the side walls of the tubes 2, 2 ^1, are drawn over the outer side surfaces of the tubes longitudinally extending projections 9 something ". If now, as shown in FIG. 2 , two tubes placed side by side in such a way that the end faces of the projections 9 rest against one another, ^{a gap lo is created between the outer side surfaces of the tubes 2, 2 1} , which is filled with optionally reinforced in-situ concrete parts of the reinforcement of the walls of the reinforced concrete pipes 2, protrude 2 ¹ in this space is not shown, achieved by the site-mixed concrete not only a monolithic connection of the juxtaposed tubes 2, reaches 2 ^1, but also because this composite has a highly resilient beam-like support structure Due to the reinforcement connection between the side walls of the neighboring ones Tubes and the in-situ concrete located between them, a beam construction is created, the load-bearing cross section of which is formed not only by the in-situ concrete core, but also by the side walls of the tube that are adjacent to the in-situ concrete. This new type of static conception allows further traffic routes for trackless or track-bound vehicles as well as levels for other purposes to be arranged not only in the tubes, but also on and under the tubes. Due to the projections 9 on the sides of the reinforced concrete tubes 2, the interstices Io can be poured out without arranging any formwork. Expensive formwork work is therefore not necessary.

As can also be seen from Fig. 4, the outer side walls are the outer, i.e. in the area

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of the supports 4 running reinforced concrete tubes 2 * double-walled executed. In this way, a further space 11 is created, which after filling with If necessary, reinforced in-situ concrete forms an additional beam-like carrier on each side of the building. Due to the double-walled design of the rare walls of the outer reinforced concrete tubes 2 * is also omitted for the Manufacture of these additional beam-like girders, any formwork and scaffolding.

By the above described construction receives an inventive reinforced concrete body is a Derar-P term strength and rigidity that it is possible at any time, in the side walls of reinforced concrete pipes 2 and 2 ¹ Durchbrüohe 12 (see Pig. 1 and 2) provided that are so large sized that the tunnel-like character of the reinforced concrete ^{tubes 2, 2 1} lying next to one another is completely lost and not only the passengers traveling in the two outer tubes are able to enjoy the passing landscape.

As can be seen from FIG. 4, the double-walled outer side walls of the reinforced concrete ^{tubes 2 1 are} also equipped with a projection 9 extending along the lower edge in the longitudinal direction. In the present exemplary embodiment, this projection 9 serves as a support for a plate, not shown in FIG. 4, for receiving traffic routes 6 laterally adjoining the tubes 2 * (see FIGS. 1 and 2). In the context of the invention, however, it is also possible at any time to form the ^{traffic routes 6 laterally adjoining the tubes 2 1 in one} piece with the walls of the tubes 2 ¹ . In such an embodiment it is

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However, it is advisable to choose instead of massive flats for the traffic routes 6 integrally connected to the tubes 2 ¹ hollow body panels, line suspension of the cantilevered side edges of the traffic routes 6, as it appears appropriate with solid panels, does not need to be done with a hollow body panel construction.

To create the traffic and / or supply levels resting on the top of the reinforced concrete tubes 2 and 2 *, various options can be implemented within the scope of the invention. Due to its low weight and excellent static properties, a hollow body panel 5, if necessary monolithically connected to the ceiling walls of the tubes 2, 2 , made of tubular components with a square or other cross-section laid side by side at right angles to the tube axis, is particularly expedient. The spaces between the components are filled with in-situ concrete. However, massive flats J> are also conceivable for these traffic and / or supply levels, which can rest on a number of supports resting on the tubes 2, 2 'transversely to the tube axis. " \

i.

Particularly for traffic routes that are used by motor vehicles «it is recommended for the side Reinforced concrete parapets of at least l, 2o ra height to be provided. This · Reinforced concrete parapets can either be connected in one piece with the deck slabs be or as prefabricated parts attached to the edge of the slab and monolithically connected by in-situ concrete will,

The embodiment of the structure according to the invention shown in the figures rests on reinforced concrete

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OBlQiNAt INSPECTED

support 4 round cross-section. This cross-sectional shape has the advantage «that for the production of reinforced concrete columns instead of conventional, complex formwork Pipes, preferably reinforced concrete or welded or seamless steel pipes are used as a jacket can. Calculations have shown that in 30 na intervals arranged pairs of supports with a diameter of 2 m without further ado, in addition to six reinforced concrete tubes, two attached to the side Regional roads 6 as well as a six-lane motorway can carry. The foundation of the reinforced concrete columns can be mushroom-shaped or consist of bored piles arranged one behind the other and next to one another and fc be designed in such a way that only negligible Subsidence occur.

A very significant advantage of the inventive Reinforced concrete structure is the fact »that the structure can be stretched over long distances without the arrangement of expansion joints gets by. This is possible because the entire structure is connected with a monolithic External insulation is provided, which is heated by solar radiation as well as being prevented from cooling down by snow and ice.

It is known that the exhaust gas concentration is extremely high on busy roads and at times high traffic load assumes such high values that damage to humans, animals and plants of the most varied Kind cannot be prevented. This inconvenience is particularly evident when staying in the area for a long time heavily used traffic routes, noticeable. Such a high one Exhaust gas concentration, as it is not to be reported in the area of heavily used traffic routes of the known type, can in the area of the reinforced concrete structure according to the invention

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do not occur. The ones that accumulate on the traffic level Exhaust gases from vehicles are better with the high average traffic speeds the surrounding air swirls than is possible with traffic routes of the known type. Because of the high The location of the traffic routes also occurs when the already mixed exhaust gases sink to the ground below an additional mixing with the surrounding air, so that the exhaust gas concentration in the area of the floor is so low even under unfavorable conditions that damage of any kind is not to be feared are.

In summary, it can therefore be stated that with a reinforced concrete structure of the type according to the invention the problems mentioned at the beginning can be solved. It is true that the creation of such a structure requires enormous costs, however, compared to the costs involved in building rail and road cars with the associated property, earth moving, overpass and underpass difficulties for comparison small amount.

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Claims (1)

Claim. 1.) Reinforced concrete structure resting on reinforced concrete supports to accommodate several traffic and supply levels arranged one above the other and optionally next to one another, preferably for rail-bound and trackless vehicles, characterized in that the supporting structure resting on the supports (4) for a traffic and / or supply level from next - and / or parallel tubes (2, 2 ¹ ) arranged one above the other, which are dimensioned and designed in such a way that they form further traffic and / or supply routes in their interiors. 2. Reinforced concrete structure according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that it consists of a set of components which, at least in part, is prefabricated Includes columns, beams, tubes, slabs, ceilings, and walls. 5. Structure according to "Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tubes (2, 2 ¹ ) forming the supporting structure for at least one further traffic level have an essentially rectangular cross-section, the licnter cross-section at least the light profile of track-bound or trackless vehicles is equivalent to. 4. Structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the tubes (2, 2 ¹ ) are made of reinforced concrete and have at least four integrally connected walls, the bottom walls of the tubes (2, 2 ^f ) to form projections (9) the tube sides a little over the outer surfaces of the side walls of the tube 209848/0491 - 17 - Rene sidewalls protrude. 5. Structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the end faces of the projections (9) of the tubes (2, 2 ¹ ) at least partially bear against the end faces of projections (9) of adjacent "tubes. 6. Structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the end faces of the projections (9) are structured. 7. Structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the walls of the tubes (2, 2 ¹ ) are equipped with reinforcement from which parts protrude from the walls to form a bond with an in-situ concrete layer that may have additional reinforcement and adjoin the tubes. 8. Structure according to claim 7 * characterized in that between the adjacent Tubes (2, 2 ') an interspace extending over at least a large part of the tube height (10) is located, which is filled with possibly reinforced in-situ concrete and in which from the tubes (2, 2 ¹ ) laterally protruding reinforcing iron open. 9. Building structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the side walls of the outer tubes (2 ^{! ) Facing away from the side by side tubes (2, 2 1} ) are double-walled and the projections (9) on these walls designed in this way for at least partial load absorption of to the tubes (2 ¹ ) laterally adjoining traffic and / or supply levels (6) are provided. - 18 209848/0491 10. Structure according to one or more of the claims 3 to 9 * characterized in that the side walls of the tubes (2, 2 ¹ ) are equipped with openings. 11. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforced concrete supports (4) one have a substantially circular cross-section. 12. Structure according to claim 11, characterized in that the reinforced concrete supports (4) one | have concrete-filled mantle made of at least a concrete, metal or plastic pipe. IJ. Building structure according to claim 11, characterized in that at least two of the supports (4) are connected on their upper side to a substantially horizontally extending cross member (3) on which the tubes (2, 2 ¹ ) rest. 14. Structure according to claim 13 *, characterized in that the cross member (3) at least one partially prefabricated reinforced concrete profile girder with im substantial T-shaped cross-section. 15. Structure according to claim 14, characterized in that the reinforced concrete profile beam (3>) from one resting on the upper face of the supports (4), substantially horizontally extending plate forming the legs (8) of the T-shaped cross-section is formed, from the top of a rib-like, perforated web (7) protrudes. 16. Structure according to claim 14 or I5, characterized in that - - 19 209848/0491 indicates that the web (7) of the crossbeam (3) extends over the entire height of the tubes (2, 2 ¹ ) placed on the crossbeam and is provided with correspondingly large recesses in the area of the hollow cross-sections of the tubes adjoining it. 17. Structure according to claim l6, characterized in that the web (7) of the cross member (3) from two spaced apart outer shells on the sides of the bridge and one in between In-situ concrete exists, with the outer shells being reinforced by connecting reinforcement that penetrates the in-situ concrete are connected to each other. 18. Structure according to claim l6, characterized in that the openings in the webs (7) correspond in their cross-section approximately to the clear cross-section of the tubes (2, 2 ^1). 19. Structure according to claim 15 *, characterized in that the ^{ends of the tubes (2, 2 1} ) rest on the legs (8) of the reinforced concrete profile girders (3) and their end faces optionally face the vertical surfaces of the webs (7) at a distance are, wherein the openings in the webs (7) are aligned with the clear cross-sections of the tubes (2, 2 ^1). 20. Structure according to one or more of the claims 13 to 19, characterized in that the reinforced concrete profile carrier (3) is equipped with reinforcement are, from which parts of the girders are connected to a possibly reinforced adjacent in-situ bed ons chicht stand out. 21. Structure according to claim 9, characterized in that the subsequent traffic and / 209848/0491 -20- or supply levels (5) consist of plates that at least rest with the edge areas of one side on the ■ projections (9). 22. Structure according to claim 9, characterized in that the ^{traffic and / or supply levels (6) connected to the side of the tubes (2 l} ) consist of plates formed in one piece with the projections (9). 25. Structure according to claim 22, characterized in that the integral with the projections (9) formed plates are designed as hollow body plates. 24. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the on top of the tubes (4) arranged traffic and / or supply levels of a number transverse to the tube axis on the tubes (2, 2 ') overlying carriers and are formed on these at least partially resting plates. 25. Building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the ^{traffic and / or supply levels arranged on the upper side of the tubes (2, 2 1} ) consist of hollow body panels adf directly resting on the tubes and optionally connected to the tubes. 26. Structure according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the traffic and / or supply levels arranged ^{on the top of the tubes (2, 2 1) protrude laterally over the tubes.} 27. Structure according to claim 9 and 26, characterized ge indicates that the cantilevered, 209848/0491 _ ₂ on the upper side of the tubes (2, 2 ¹ ) arranged traffic and / or supply levels carry the underlying traffic and / or supply levels ^{(6) laterally adjoining the outer tubes (2 1} ) or are carried by them. 28. Structure according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the lateral termination on the longitudinal edge of the traffic and / or supply levels arranged on or to the side of the tubes facing away from ^{the tubes (2 1) is formed by a reinforced concrete bracing.} 29. Structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the reinforced concrete structure (1) at least partially its outside is provided with insulation. 30. Structure according to claim 29, characterized in that with the external insulation provided components are attached to one another without expansion joints. 209848/0491