DE2120328A1 - Improved, double light focusing effect, reflective material, especially for road signals - Google Patents

Description

"Verbeoaertee, double light focussing, riiokatstrahlendes letorial, especially for traffic signals * *

Deposits and iäfindert Ludwig iä

ohesiacher industrialists "Sohwoisser" trouble

in Vaoallo »Canton Tooein, 3ohweis

The priority of the Italian patent application Mr. 23676 A / 70 of April 22, 1970 *.

The invention relates to a reflective material that is is mainly intended to form traffic signals, sum Example suitable sun insertion in üusamuenaetaungen that calibrate suitable for forming clay on a road surface Traffic disconnection from other signals, etc., to sebraoht to become·

Yes, inventionseaSoe rftokstrahlend i.uteriel includes body before η, Kü ^ elGlien or "Perlohen" consisting of durohsiohtigea fabric generally also glass that ends with en 2uaamenaierungen or reflective or strongly emitted substances or in it a <; etauoht are »

Carbon-emitting materials have become known and do not require any further explanation , they are widely used » for. Example in the formation of signals on the road surface or on vertical traffic signs or other "which are probably visible during the night hours" when they are affected by the lights thrown by the lights or lamps of the motor vehicles or other such materials known to groosen disadvantage ^ (which in the art the industry as inevitable regarded ζ iat) in that they only reflect the light "when I eliminated tang from Tt e» »OCE the normal to the (generally flat) surface ^ sieralioh nearby it who are embodied in this "Ku ^ elohen" and from which those named

Spheres with a non-sucking, spherical dome

from harvorßprison oäe? Eioii through a transparent illumination leeaen «£ lt gu the heflexione- and consequent apparently Helligls @ lteweffekts leading optical .Braoheinungen are theira © its bskaant anti, the following are called again because of a better Ves ^ tüSadnlaaee. Essentially, ß: V: .s · phenomena which only occur in a satisfactory manner. Lvfiii .; then if they Kügelohen or Perlohen Auss one a well bei3tiniiaten Kefvi t ions index having glass made, you ah ™ by the above Küßelchen or by loh · n. be assigned Filiigkeit hervorgeruf en _t to fokuooieren daa light and then zuriiokzuwerfen on di @ Hichtung "which dae light such cap has affected _t ie the light, "which relates to the globules called or Perlenen at the ausgeaetsteß dome entßegengesetzten diametrically 3 parts ·

Kit of the foregoing, for example, the present invention to create an improved rearrangement of the aforesaid antenna , which allows a surprising optical performance than that offered by the known materials der ^ weck diosor & rfin & ung _f a verbes.jertee rtlüko traiaendea material, ciao reflect the light and throw it in _{a corner 9} which is a very small angle, also of 30 ° with respect to the Ächae of the substantially flat _# die form Kßgelchen oelbet eingekSrpert oat j mitenden surface * Furthermore, dam erfindungöcemSaa verbeaserte rückatrahleiide ί ateriel the Lich ^ In ** (^ unnamed

satisfactorily «re # lei £ i; av'3? ea euv-w t $ v d« n Pell, daho ^ ausoetKte Ealett® at ^ k beseljuaagt and ^ a-β urapruiiglioh · J ^ kugtlf Srialgt O @ 0telt »ns ßielät ßi & lü? at ^ f points * Das erflnäungsigemäes Il verteaaert * ^ tlakischtrehlnd · .'material can also have a hShe ^ e optically in"

BATH ORIGINAL

appear·

Essentially, the invention comprises improved coca-radiating material with an "appropriate refraction" index Sagelohen or Perlohen existing on the pointing glaa Surface, with the exception of that of the incident or ία reflective lloht degenerate dome of essentially spherical «. bumpy straps that are reflective and whose diameter is much smaller than the Kugelohens called dea or Perlohens, whereby they form as many places where dl Focus reduction on the luminous rays occur. r <: in other words, the improved retroreflective material can develop a second ürsoheinung, which can be grounded specifically with the "double focus * designation", through whose effect eioh the optical performance and the range of directions into which the light can be viewed and reflected is surprising raise.

The features and advantages of the present load emerge of the following lied to the attached drawings., detailed ear helmets clearly show "Bs seigern

* Fifj. 1 iia section and in greatly enlarged dimensions a radiant i-ateriel of the previously known type certain lighting conditions, including the characteristics and the optiochen Jruoheinungen au prove the götifiss of the well-known Teohnik aua ^ eoStst be able to §

- Fij. 2 the same reflective material as in FIG various Beleuehtunssbedingungen to the Frenzen of the Reflection possibilities under certain incident light directions are also available

- FiC. 3 lot unites graphic »which the critical point at Use of uit beetiamtea flow index provided Mater babble represents a sufficient result to reach the limits given in Pig · 2}

- Flg · 4 represents a material on a greatly enlarged scale

after a first execution of the noise finding in connection

109846/1301

SAO ORIGINAL

with its abilities represent a higher ο pt Ig before achievement and a · reflection of the incident Llohtea under practically any Angle au aohaffeni

- Fig. 5 shows, in greatly enlarged dimensions Uniqueness of the invention in Sea improved iümaterials vegetables Pig 4 darι

- Pig. 6 is a graph in which the useful lick reflection abilities of the previously known material are compared with those of the improved materials according to the invention

"" Fig. 7 shows an embodiment variant of the improved ! laterIeIa in Fig. 4 |

- Fig. 8 shows a part in greatly enlarged readings * of the material in Fig. 7 with indication of advantageous “ueataeraohei-

statements darι

FIG. 9 shows a further variant of the improved version Materialsj äaa especially «but not auachlieaslioh for Use as an out in a PlaetlkiTiatrize dioht elngekSrperte 01aep @ s? Lehen existing agglomerate suitable let}

* »Fig. 10 is a further variant of the embodiment of the improved 'lateriels and

- Flg · 11 represents, on a larger scale, part of the heterial in Fig · 10 »

. Ba is here a kursgefasate Bet ^ aohtung on the i ^ teriallen known type provided $ the aar 2slt al "the beetena available regarded werien and in Figures 1 and 2 geoteilt aiiiS" Mmm OCE known TmhniX is the u material in his ^ msisXa l } @ tr @ ohtet @ n elements from a K% el @ hen taer ^ & slQhML · (W) ₉ lieeteheni made of duroheiektisesa fabric _β

- * ZWl B & ± m% t, ®% * ΰ., ^ Ϊ; sn ^ SGime ^ set the sn dea part ιά & ν -zu

Salott ·· i «s? & aw _s ü » Wbsg iß® Si ^ taia C ^ l äea?

** ■ Oberflaofet © öor am? m ai # i known

dieae pes-lohen

^ω are, in addition ¥ @ rep? ingt ₃ sit a reflective sole (12) ο

- * 3berz®g®a is ₉ äi © due to the aiatretemlen wear and tear siatweder removed we pägr verooliwlnd © t · 1 »Durehaohnltt can

BAD OPHQiNAL

The protrusion of the pearl he na (10) from the level (L) is regarded as corresponding to the heIf tt aeinee Kadiua. As shown in Fig. 1, it is assumed that the pearl (10) is affected by a lightbdndtl (P), the axis of which passes through the center of the pearl (10) and the axis of the authorized dome runs through banking law. If the material to be washed out has a suitable fraction index (between 1.90 and 1.99 and exactly 1.92), the light beam is focused on the opposite point (P) and on the incident one. Notes on parallel running gaps (of course within the spherical shape, similarity, and aeflexionetoleranagrensen of the radiating systems). As is known, these pokuasierungaverhaltniaa produce a reversal of the luminous rays, ie a ray running parallel to the axis of the dome is thrown back in a seal which is reversed to the direction of incidence. In the example, the beam (H) is reflected into the hole (H *) marked only with the rays contained in a bundle of light (F) that impinges on the dome where an angular K, which, as is well known, about 74 * cannot be overlooked ) The composition of the glaze is known to be very large and practically critical.

As shown in the graph in Pig · 3, the curve · (0) indicates the ίτ ο ζ ent «at β of the useful surface · (f> Su) opposite the oeal surface, which can absorb and reflect a bundle of rays ala lunctioa d ·· Yeast fraction iodex "n ^" des de «Perlohta BU« «ßuaena« tsenden material «·

These iia-kerialien, which have become known, can be stored in bundles of light tflektiertn, daa di · auag «a« tst · Kaiott · also under of 4s suv a «B« mtoberflioh · (L) of the radiating structure perpendicular

1098A6 / 1301

BATH

direction extending directions deviating relates, namely they are capable, to a certain through an angle P of d © r direction perpendicular awe incident Liohtbttndel to reflect · before the maximum optical "response" of the Syateraa is when this EinfallwioMJl £ in the values

is included, where K ^{s is} the maximum. Corresponds to the angle of the exposed dome.

Xn the dead, as can be seen from the Pig "2, while the light bundles (F ^f and I?") Are reflected durohauo ketones, focusing on the places (E · un! P »), is a light bundle (F.) , the axis of which goes through the contour of the dome, is practically not reflected, because because of the inversion of the luminous rays compared to the BNäelaohse passing through the center of the sphere, which can affect this Kaiott. (ζ · ΰ · the ray Rj, an ( ?) focused, _{reflected in (^ 19} ) and then scattered.In Fit £. t, for example, is given as an angle of incidence ( ¹ O * which is at a very large angle ^ @ compared to the perpendicular to the plane (L) ankoismt, in a direction (B ₍₎ after double reflection and without any advantage surSokgeworfen * is as shown in Fiß · a, & comprises in jedea element of verbeeserten material erf indUBsgeoäss a EÜgelohen or beads (20) which is not exposed on its Since · from a variety of smaller pearls (22) uoge ben, which uit the larger Perlchtn (20) bound by a suitable transparent adhesive, ζ · Β · a known Polynerotoff _f v # i? eiml. The surfaces of the larger outer ferrules (20) mm overlying pearls (22) have a? reflective layer (24) overzo-β · η · Xn fig «4 © o as in the other figures described below, the reflective« SoMsM is indicated by a thick line , with the smaller P * ylohen (22) on their side the egg

109846/1301

focus the relevant beams. This achieves two very important advantages, i.e.

The entire angle width a * of the dome is used to obtain the optical answer au. Hit (B and 8 ·) the relationships shown in Pig · 1 are reproduced »but also the external rays of the angular width χ of the known material» β.23. the beam (B ₂ ) is flexed in (B ₂₁ ) r "that is, because the material is able to" reflect in a bundle of light "whose width (F) corresponds practically to the underside of the exposed dome. In this way, an ao-imminent brightness is achieved, dl "below an illumination which runs essentially perpendicular to the surface height (L) by Vleluals greater than that of the known materials.

The inventive & lake soundproofed ioateriol can throw the auoetete dome at any angle, above the vertical rays, into the binoculars and the other way round. Sun üe la pi el reach the rays (H-, B. and H-) of a "Streifliohtbttndele * (F) _y asi Heuptperlohen (20), the places (P ,, P ^ bur. P ₅ , where aie fokuealert by the geeenQberllegende larlohen (22) and be substantially in the same en suruckgeworf uraprSngliohen Verhiltniaee i) hese occurring in the smaller Ausaenperlchen rojueaierung · -. eracheinung 1st in Fig x 5 »it a more accurate üelapiel erlSutert beiuglioh the 3trahleu (B. B WAA *), which according to Duroh ^ uerevi de · transparent adhesives (26) in (P, ₀ and P, _w ) en the smaller pearls (22/3) and (22/4} are focused »whereby these local yokttaBieruÄ ^ eeraoheinungen ( F ₃ and If.) As many Sronsferaonen in both blohtungeii dear leuohteniea., As the larger pearls (20) and smaller pearls (22) separately such local 3treiilenbtndel in the WiukelSf fn ungen K * and K ₄ individually included aind. υ «these Ierlohen in a transparent medium (glue

26) is immersed, which of course has its own fraction index

109846/1301

SAD ORIGINAL

all of them should have a sufficiently high fraction index to ensure that the ratio (1/1192) between the liigenrefraktionsiudex of the pearls (22) and that of the transparent adhesive (26) is close.

In Fig. 6 the curves (R) and (K) indicate the rose percentage Her

P P »

optical response (Hiap- ^) ala function of xiinf allv / inkela- an, where 10OjS is the achievable HSchat value for the verbooned I'material gemase Fi ^. 4 or with the previously known material with constant lighting and iiedinguiigen antjeuoincxes is, for this purpose it is noted that if the all angle P is approximately Exceeds 30 °, the optical response of the known material because abniimat and at approx · 75 · is canceled, whereas üaa one Even more favorable, optional answer was denied

oterial a ranxiraalen \ vert at oa. 60 ° and at 90 ° the optical answer is even higher than the known answer that is illuminated at a small angle p. aturxals. Even in the formation of smaller pearls (22), glasses that have a lower fraction index (because they are more costly and oppose the cousin relationships with a higher resistance) according to the rule set out in Fl ₁ :, 7 are to be used, the reflective where (i24) is removed from the smaller pearls mentioned, for example by means of a thin layer of adhesive (126), which completely encapsulates these smaller pearls, in this case the focussing atelle in the smaller balls can never be located outside of them. For example, the beam (R ^) focuses in (P ^), and it becomes in the direction (Hg ₁ ) aui'licliyeworien. «.Ie from Fi« j. As can clearly be seen, the application of the adhesive fills in a liquid form for the formation of small beads in (126) between the small, but not closely spaced, small pearls, which in turn cause reflective and focus-making surfaces, because they also consist of approximately spherical domes. In the example, the stream (R ₇ ) moves in the same direction

109846/1301

BATH ORIGINAL

r * inflected.

The optical fluent coolness rr.viochen a diopfcrioohen and a kato ^ triochon = iyateu can be inventively distributed as shown in i'ig »9. In a transparent · »i> ei3_-ielr» '.. eif5O mm i / olyr-ierntoff existing ..xttrise (2..6) v / ground; it · light t! L: .a' :: o ;. ; oiic- * OLorflSohe vor ^ e ^ ene, .rUcißere! 'experience (-O) iitii r:;. ii; ; · .Χπ,; γ r flUJitior end Jcliiolit completely 3ueriio .-; ene :: leiaero Pcrlohcr: (l:.?) Gin-j; QtaUQlit * .n iy-'j rior.it a lcn.Iefj Ä .; f; lotierot r: il iiScliJvloiijtune orlialtoii. "i) ie Moineren au l.ivcau (I) li.0 : ί ..cuiöti Perlohen (1 ^.) vcrliorea their

uiki \ ..-. i'i: en r.lo obGJicoviolo un.; ioi * known: jyotor-e. j% q meet the sräncjeron Pox'lchen (.10) »« * ·

den Dtröiilen, cu .. ./&inpiol lcr strahl (! £ »)» ν, οΓϋβη au, '3aorhelb oclben von. the iux'üh reflect the surfaces of the auiio, iötidon Ktl ^ elohen (12c. ¹ ) Mn-iox'iuliüiertGn xc-flokuici * ends Kuloituu,

a dor above runchillerfcon ^ rncUuiiiui ^ en uuftritt * % h. liolilicit kanu muh ouagenÄtat'll.it u »* a ■ 'otorial au uclißfion, \ .orin aaa ..röuaore Perlohea (^ 0) by reflective Izonvcxeii OberfXScLou uu ^ iai; · 2ut .. ^ oia ^ iel konn an iarlohen ( .20) v.ic in:; ¹ i. 10 hir ^ gm romps iit oirie. cUirehniahtijen ^ toff (3-ö) SboraoüOn vioi'den, r / orauf »if he« loh tioch in jlatiochen .vUijtaikiO befinjlöt »l: UtselfiJrni _f ;: e Spui'en bev; erl; ütelliijt v, oi * d« n »Auit .eia..icl -lurch zurollen .iiuaoa üöoi'fo jo ^ en I'erlohen, die dora'ifhia Loseitiirt ..ai'den. Jio surface t'.ea Otoffa ($ 26) will end da η i_it cinor reflective or;. »Iikleotea« i atark otraidonauobroitendon Johioht t! * Oar ^ ogen · wolcuo 'Tbersttl ^ e an -der uujj eriialb the dai-oh dixo lilv "Ai (I *) boati ^ mten practice" aw.i : eaot; jtan ücito (Iod Perlcheno (20) cntv / odar removed or dor oltttrotenden Abnutsun ^ beuolti ^ t. Dio.je small

ooku .elförni ^ en iCalottes (222) act individually ujitor den., m der in ^ i ₁ J · α ύατ ^ ύαΙίβΙΓΙίβη, the Ku ^ eloJien (Ki ^) t'-flektiorendtn - »surface. ¹

ο v> ie au «der .1 ;. »L -roichtlioli» woriu die in the i ^ leloli ·

u revive reflected scroils (Hg and HL «) and, jt ixe uwoito i'o ;; iuiuierun £ au dor dey. center of the Jtwei-

/ O 212Q328

ligen calotte (222) corresponding virtual point (P _g ) «In this case, in the above cases, nan can accommodate improved materials that are capable of offering a higher light-free flexibility, even if the material, for example, as a result of a At the same time it has been flattened wet. In the case of -beriickickticung, uasa that waoser has a 1.33 corresponding ucfral.tlonainUex, the v.ü YorhaPdeno verSeersciiicht on the attached cap, the direction of the rays that penetrate into the larger pearls (20), for example, using aur formation this one in a CK class with a delivery index in the size of 1.90-1.95,

™ focus the luminous rays on the surface of the larger bead (20) under the conditions shown in l'l4. the centers of which are removed from the surface of the larger pearls (20) in the i \ uenaooa, at which you do not immerse yourself in the Woasar! Larger pearls of incident rays were i'okuaaieren, an optical answer is achieved, üie sov / olil for dry> - sla also for ITuasdüterial identical lot »
The ones that can be used to form objects of the invention

b materials and processes do not require any friction as they iia üaiüien the technology of the branch ran. KÜgelohen or pearls made of glass with the various types Yeast fraction or radiation broadening index are off the market available · All adhesives can be used at siob known Polymeratoffe, such as i-olyester, Polymetakrulat and others be used"

The formation of reflective ends can be overlooked by z »3. Implementation, by means of aluminum overlayye and audio-stereo Use depending on the different manufacturing advantages and operating requirements. For example, the larger Saaeren Jrerlchen or KQgelohen (20) can be a swioohen

8AD ORIGINAL -

10 and 0.25 ma in diameter, whereas the smaller pearls (or the spherical dome tracks) have one between 2 and 0.005 camouflaged enclosed diameter know. The proportions between the diameter η of the larger grains and smaller pearls should be at least ce * 5/1, preferably ca * 10/1, but also larger up to 2000/1, whereby generally It is considered inappropriate that the ratio of 100 / i to horse riding. as can be seen from Figures 4, 7 and 9, if the improved »Imaterial through a" sidelight "(like the bundle (F) in

4 and the rays R ₅ , Bg, R ₇ and Hg in FIGS. 7 and 9), then the task of the larger bead (20) in the real world is that which diverts the incident rays downwards Due to the pressure resulting from the difference between the yeast fraction index of the larger pearl and that of the exposure (air or possibly water), ο ο hard abv; art derivation can also occur if the exposed cap is either damaged or broken. This can happen especially if the improved material is used for traffic signals on the Utra aaen surface, in which case the ability to flex to "grazing light" (ie angle P approaching 90 °) is of great importance, because the predominant task of these reflective Signals are the ones that allow you to be clearly visible at longer distances and during the night hours by reflexion of the light emitted by the lights or larapen of motor vehicles.

109846/1301

8AD ORIGINAL

Claims (1)

PAI 3S Κ TAKSP fl O O- H £ h .J üilckstralilendeG material individually rilckotrohlenden elements (li.o öuo transparent material beotehende E-Ugelchen or beads uüfaaaen, the iiefraktio a suitable tie index to v / ei 3t and surrounded by reflecting over time or uindestens strong atrahlenausbreitenden Oberflechen iot, wherein The so-called spheres or pearls are inserted in such a way that the one of their domes, on which the above-mentioned durchoicntiije 3toff is exposed to the light to be reflected, does not eat excessively, characterized in that the largest part of the spheres or pearls (20), lit AuanahDie of the above-mentioned dome, of a large number of elements (22 or 122 or 222) and is flat, which have kufiel-shaped surfaces and are able to return the luminous rays in directions which run parallel to the directions of arrival and which have traversed a part of the respective Kesselgolchen or Perlchetio (20), from which the same reflected ray in essentially the same direction and in each direction and The light that is reversed to the senses is thrown back to the outside with the same luminous iitrahl (H ₂ , Β, ... · .β ₀ ), which has affected the aforementioned nufs; eGetste dome. Iitickstraiilendeo ^ terial according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratios between the radii of the / irb'saeren ktigelchen or pearls η (20) and those of the spherical surfaces of the ulcers (22 or 122 or 222). 5 / i and 2000/1, yorzugaweiee between 10/1: and 100/1 is einteochloaen . .. ■ · ■ - 3. Hückatstrahlendea ι aterial öenaea Ana ^ ruch 1 and 2, thereby marked, daos der BurcliiäüBaer of ip? öaaeren Kfi ^ elchen Γ V- ^ 10 9 8 4 6/1301 8AD ORIGINAL oior i'üi * lohen, (ao) between IO and 0.25 r & a, vorau ^ aweiae ßv / iachem Z and 0.4 am liotffc and the ^ urohreoaer of the spherical surfaces of the common duck (22 or t22 or 222) sv / ineheu 2 and 0.05 ua _# vorsugöwaiae swiaohen 0.2 and 0.02 ein, enehlonsen a 4 · liueliotstrahlendeq 'e-fcoi »ial ijenSno AriDi ^ rest 1, 2 and 31 dudurcli -.iokenn ^ oichnet that the cit l: ugelfSrmi {; 0r practice iSleaente (,. 'i or KiL ¹ ) ilireroeite ouo smaller or Per lohen bowtehen • j> * ttttokatroiilcnLlao -.ufeorlol geuiSaa Anoi ^ uoU 4, daduroh draws, viano die klelnoren Kttgelchen or ierlohen (2J.) or (r.Vd) uu die ipdüaeron Itti ^ alohen or Per lohen (20) mitlela tilnoo durohßichtiisea Klebatoffö (26) odor (l26) or (226) hcrun ^ itoinaatler connected- oiling, which by the rays awioohen the interior of the _iy r6 * 33oreii Ktteelohen or Porlohen and the c »euannteii by 'the smaller ferrules bentlixiten: surfaces durchiiuerbor iat * G. ildckntrahlondea nteriol ^ emSaa Anoprdchon 4 and 5, thereby , daou the smaller parlchou on theirs Kdgelohen or Perlohen (-Ό) uc ^ e reversed parts with a reflective Uohloht (24) odor (1 <i4) aind 7. BüOkutrahlondea 'ateriol ββίαααβ claim 6 _y characterized, done the rtiokatstrahlende uchloht from the 0 bor curse ο der Kleiuoren Vorlchen (22) duroh a quo a rCtoka tr ahlinden: ito ££ üoütohen4e lohicht removes a lower one nGfruktiorailndex than that of the smaller pearls mentioned. 1098A6 / 1301 0.iioclcat-alilendGo α serial οβηδοο Anuystlahton 4 and '), thereby fjeicöunaöichnet that the smaller pearls (\, ί2) are overtaken by a vaf lektieronde .ichicht through it and the tsrJtaaeren pearls (20) in an a ^ ßloaer around are arranged, duo the ^ onaimbeu ρρΰααονοιι Perlohen and the smaller Perlohen (2 ^ ') u> ifoo3t, dio in a uurchfiiohtißen, utriise (il6) dense onyoley-t siud. 9. Htlukotrcihloüioü ^ atsriol ^ ei-iaca An.npn.icli 6 odor Ü, thereby «ei: eriii..5eiGhr.et _f daoa die kleitioron I er lohen (<i ^) or (. \ 2 * t) un ■ "Liindeote.no. A part of the surface on which the durchnicuti- ßB layer lies, eaa einoa oiuen Küfruktionelteex eufv / eisenden aiao tcoteht» Jor hSher iac ala I ₁ JC 10 · ßUclcatraiileniiec .. 'aSerial t; etnßjo Ana ^ rflchen 1, 2 and 3, duiluroli _t ieketiru3eichnet _t doaa dio die IjrSnaeren Perlohen (20) ku elfHrnisen Ober ^ looheu der illor. ^ ate (222) au · OEi! Calt ^ teA _t d> aurohoichtit? en Stoff (326) eiii ^ eprStjt olnd _t der die ^ eaaunion , ^ röaawn I'erlohen un ^ ibt and on der deu zu r (! flexing light aunoesetsttn Kaiott v / ird. 109846/1301 JS. Blank page