DE2119493C3 - Method and device for producing pile fabrics - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing pile fabrics on a loom in which at least two groups of pile yarns in a ground fabric of weft yarns and ground warp yarns are woven in that the pile yarns in the

Weft direction of the loom over itself in the warp direction extending pile rods and the associated groups of ground warp yarns moved away with the pile yarns down into a shed made of warp thread between the pile rods and S the groups of warp threads are moved to below the path of the insertion needle and then raised again, to form pile loops.

It is already known. Pile fabric on a loom to weave in such a way that pile yarns in the weft direction over stationary and / or movable, Pile bulging organs or pile rods that extend in the warp direction and are more uniform and / or different Height can be shifted. Furthermore, it is already known to have two extending in the weft direction Use rows of pile yarn guides to move the associated sets of pile yarn back and forth move above the pile of pile, with the pile thread guides after each shifting movement be made to move in and out of the warp shed to move in the warp direction to create long rows of double pile loops, which can be parallel to each other, or in which one loop of each pair crosses the other loop, as e.g. B. in U.S. Patent Re. 24 949 of March 21, 1961.

According to the known method can only be relatively create simple and less varied pile patterns.

The invention is therefore based on the object of creating improved methods and devices, which make it possible to produce pile fabrics with numerous different pile patterns on a weaving machine exhibit.

According to the invention, this is achieved in the process specified at the outset in that both groups of pile yarns can be moved independently of one another according to a pattern in the weft direction The method according to the invention makes it possible to produce novel, differently patterned pile fabrics made from pile yarns of different colors or types on a loom of the type in which pile yarn guides be used to move pile yarns over pile forming organs away, the pile yarn guides during each shot or at certain shot hits separated by distances be made to move in and out of the basic shed, and at least some or all of the fior yarns during certain wefts of the loom used for pile formation according to a predetermined pattern in the weft direction of the loom by different Amounts can be shifted. Furthermore, it is with the method according to the invention for manufacturing of pile fabrics of the type mentioned possible, a bc- .ss any one or more of the processes listed below in any desired order perform a predetermined pattern with the pile yarns guided through the pile yarn guides will: (".

1. In certain Zeilpunkt all Fior yarns at the same time and by the same amount and based on the weft direction in the same Direction shifted, and at other times, some of the pile threads will be in the weft direction > s shifted compared to other pile yarns.

2. Certain pile yarns are shifted in the weft direction of the loom, while certain other pile yarns maintain their position with respect to the weft direction, and / or vice versa, wherein this process takes place during at least one pile formation weft, but preferably during several successive pile formation wefts of the loom, so that from the mentioned specific pile yarns Floats arise, while pile loops are formed from certain other pile yarns.

3. During successive pile formation wefts of the loom in certain Times at least some of the pile yarns in the weft direction around a certain one Amount shifted, and at other times these pile yarns are shifted by other amounts.

4. It is each of several specific pile yarns in the weft direction over a number of Pile-forming organs moved away, which is greater than the number of pile-forming organs, across each of certain other pile yarns during a single pile pick or several successive pile-forming wefts of the loom is moved.

5. The pile yarns are shifted together in the weft direction at certain times, and at other times, certain pile yarns are related to the weft direction in a certain Shifted direction, while certain other pile yarns in the opposite Direction can be shifted.

A loom for producing pile fabrics is used to carry out the method according to the invention Assuming ground warp yarns, weft yarns and pile yarns, a weaving reed, insertion needles as well as two rows of pile yarn guides running in the weft direction, which are attached to support rails held and near their lower ends are provided with thread loops for the pile yarns, the Support rails are displaceable in their longitudinal direction and also driven so that the pile yarn guides can be moved down into the shed and up again. With this loom is provided according to the invention that to drive the support rails for the pile yarn guides two relative mutually displaceable pivot shafts are provided, with which the support rails via Kurbclarme are connected and on the one hand for the vertical movement of the pile yarn guides in time with the Blade movement can be pivoted together by a certain angle and on the other hand in front of each companionway the pile yarn guides in the shed independently of one another according to one of the pattern devices predetermined path are axially displaceable.

It should be noted that one or both rows of pile yarn fillings are displaced with each shot or with specific, spaced-apart shots Jer loom can play, which here as "pile formation shots" are designated, which depends in each case on whether a one-shot or a multi-shot Pile fabric is woven. In any case, after each such displacement movement, one or both series of pile fabric guides for effect a corresponding pile formation the pile yarn guide down into the Gnincl warp thread compartment between

moved the pile of pile in and in front of the reed brought to pile yarns extending through the thread eyelets of the guides below the web of the needles to arrange for the weft. Thereupon a weft yarn is inserted into the shed above the pile yarn introduced, whereupon the pile yarn guides pulled up out of the shed are to pull the pile yarns under tension upward between the pile rods, so that coherent Pile loops made of all or only certain pile yarns over the corresponding pile rods and groups of ground warp yarns are produced, all pile yarns or only certain pile yarns be pulled through in the form of loops under the associated weft yarns.

All pile yarns or certain groups of pile yarns can differ in terms of their color, their shade and / or their type, or all pile yarns can be of the same color or of the same type and / or every second pile yarn can differ in its color or type from those in between Distinguish pile yarns. A single pile yarn or two or more pile yarns are passed, and each row of pile yarn guides can have one through each guide or more pile yarns, the guides the different pile rods and / or groups of ground warp yarns are assigned. Alternatively, a series of pile twine guides can be used to one pile yarn or several pile yarns of each even-numbered pile of pile and the associated groups of To feed ground warp yarns, the other row of pile yarn guides serving to feed one or more feed other pile yarns to each odd pile rod and the associated groups of ground warp yarns.

If the pattern apparatus is designed to cause the two rows of pile yarn guides to to move the pile yarns in the form of various sequences as described above and when one selects the arrangement of the pile yarns running through the pile yarn guides in the manner described or varied, one can have diverse and varied patterns within a large range achieve in pile fabrics, namely patterns, many of which until now have only been known with the help of Let weaving machines produce such. B. with the help of Axminster looms or rapier looms. The area of the pile pattern can be further enlarged if one is controlled by the pattern apparatus, Pile rods which can be moved in the warp direction and which have pile support surfaces of different heights are used are provided and, if necessary, opposite the rows of pile yarn guides in the pile formation position can be brought or withdrawn from her to corresponding different heights To generate pile loops or pile loops within the fabric. These pile of florets can can also be completely withdrawn as required compared to the pile formation position, so that the them associated pile yarns on the base fabric adjacent pile loops over the associated groups of ground warp yarns. Some or all of the pile rods can be fitted with knives to cut through the associated Pile loops should be provided, and if over certain pile rods alternately high and relatively low ones or short loops of pile are produced, one can ensure that the knife in question only Cut loops of either type or both high and low loops. According to the invention it is also contemplated that one could use a shearing device to cut the s Shear off the entire pile surface of the fabric or to shear off certain parts of the pile surface after the pile fabric has been removed from the loom. If the fabric is pile loops of different Has height, of course, with the help of such a shearing device, only the relatively high ones Loops are severed or sheared.

The invention and advantageous details of the invention are illustrated more schematically below with reference to the invention Drawings of exemplary embodiments explained in more detail, Fig. 1 shows schematically in a side view a loom according to the invention, the right part of the illustration showing the part of the loom which the fabric is woven and wound up, this part in the description as the front Part of the loom is considered;

F i g. Figure 2 is an enlarged foreshortened vertical section taken along line 2-2 in Figure 2. 1, in which numerous Components are shown broken away for the sake of clarity;

F i g. 3 is a vertical section, drawn to an even larger scale, taken along line 3-3 in FIG Fig.2;

Fi g. 4 is an enlarged perspective view one of the two heads of the sample apparatus according to the invention and shows this head when viewed same in the direction of arrow 4 in F i g. 2;

F i g. Figure 5 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken along line 5-5 in Figure 2 of part of one of the patterning heads shows in section;

F i g. 6, 7 and 8 are partial vertical sections taken along lines 6-6, 7-7 and 8-8 in FIG. 5;

F i g. 9 is a fragmentary perspective view showing part of the assembly of FIG. 5 when viewing shows the same in the direction of arrow 9; Fig. 10 is a fragmentary vertical section along the line 10-10 in Fig. 9 and shows the sliding and pivoting shafts for the Pile yarn guides;

F i g. Figure 11 shows the pile yarn guides in a vertical position Section along the line 11-11 in Fi g. 10;

Fig. 12 is an exploded perspective view Representation of the drive means for various moving parts of the loom;

Fi g. 13 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical section along line 13-13 in FIG. 9. in which the guides assume a lower position in the warp yarn compartment for the two sets of pile yarns in such a way that all pile yarns are led around under the weft yarns;

F i g. 13A is one in the warp direction vertical partial section through a with the help of the arrangement of the pile yarn guides according to FIG. 13 manufactured Pile fabric;

F i g. 14 is similar to FIG. 13, but here the rear set of Fior yarn guides is higher than the front Set of pile yarn guides so that certain pile yarns the lower insertion needle and other pile yarns however, loop around the upper insertion needle, which means that certain pile loops from the lower and from the top double weft, however, other pile twines are only tied off from the top double weft;

F i g. 14A is eki more in the warp direction

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vertical section through a with the help of the in Γ i g. 14 shown arrangement of the pile yarn guides produced pile fabric;

I'ig. 15 is similar to FIGS. 13 and 14, but here are the I guards towards the rails that support them arranged so that all pile yarns extend between the upper and lower insertion needles, when the pile twine guides are in their lowest position so that all pile twine loops are in the finished fabric can only be tied from the top double weft:

I ig. I5A is a vertical partial section running in the warp direction through a with the help of the in Fig. 15 shown arrangement of the pile yarn guides manufactured pile fabric;

Fig. Ib to 19 / own perspective different Shapes of pile rods over which pile loops of pile fabrics according to the invention are woven when weaving various pile fabrics can be formed;

F i g. Fig. 20 shows schematically in plan a piece of a pile fabric, in which certain pile yarns in the Near certain other pile yarns are floated, one particularly recognizes in which way the Floiiungen between their ends can be connected to the base fabric by making certain other pile yarns cross the flotations on their underside;

F i g. 21 shows in perspective only the arrangement of two of the pile yarns according to FIG. 20, with a lower Bay one pile yarn from which loops are formed are extended across the underside of the floated portion of the adjacent pile yarn;

F i g. 22 is a perspective similar to FIG. 21 Partial representation showing the way in which the pile yarn guides remove the pile yarn from the loop are formed, cause them to protrude over the underside of a central part of the float, which is then formed from the next adjacent pile yarn;

F i g. Figure 23 is another schematic representation of a piece of pile fabric showing some variations of loop pile patterns that can be produced with the aid of the weaving machine according to the invention, this illustration also serves to facilitate the description of the model apparatus that the pile yarn guides are controlled;

F i g. 24-35 show schematically some of the many different loop pile patterns which can be made in accordance with the invention individually or in various combinations, but with only one of the pile yarns of each of two sets A and B shown, and with a grid each representing the groups of ground warp yarns and Weft yarns represented so that the course of each pile yarn within the relevant set can be clearly seen.

According to the drawings, the loom for performing the method according to the invention, for. B. generally designed as in U.S. Patent Re. 24 949 and in US-PS 28 60 664 is described, however, such a loom according to the invention is modified as described below will. In order to shorten the description, numerous details of the loom are shown in the drawings omitted. Regarding these and other details, therefore, in connection with the present description on the aforementioned USA patents and on US-PS 28 60 666 and 28 90 725 ver-Dic Looms described in the aforementioned U.S. patents are generally characterized characterized by having at least one row of pile yarn guides extending in the weft direction which serve to pull pile yarn back and forth across fiorrules in the weft direction move, which are in the warp direction of the loom in front of the strands and over the associated Extending groups of ground warp yarns away. After each movement of the pile yarn guides these are moved down between the pile rods into the warp thread compartment, and a weft yarn insertion is in the open shed, also called warp shed in the following, above the pile yarns introduced, which extend through the loops of the pile yarn guides to the edge of the resulting fabric. When the pile twine guides are then moved back up and pulled out of the warp compartment they tighten the loops over the pile of pile, and then the loops and the inserted weft threads against the edge of the fabric. Such weaving machines are suitable Manufacture single, double or three-layer fabrics, with the reed struck in each case is while the individual rows in the weft direction of pile loops are formed. Although the loom according to the invention is used below to illustrate the invention as Loom for the production of a single-ply pile fabric described, but it should be noted that the The loom can also be designed in such a way that it is possible, if necessary, to produce multi-ply pile fabrics to create. With a view to the fact that the pile loops be completely formed with each weft lay of the loom, if a single-shot Fabric is produced, but pile loops only during every second or only during every third Weft pitch of the loom can be completely formed when a two-shot or a three-shot Fabric is produced, those weft blows are used in the following description and claims of the loom, which takes place while complete pile loops are formed, as "pile wefts" designated.

The weaving machine essentially comprises the usual machine parts, namely one that can be moved to and fro The reed 20 (FIG. 3), the heald frames 21 and two arranged one above the other at a small vertical distance upper and lower insertion needles 22 and 23 (Fig. 2). According to FIG. 13A, 14A and 15A two double weft yarns 22a and 23a during each to-and-fro movement of the insertion needles 22 and 2,1 in there: Warp shed introduced, but the fabrics shown are in each case a relevant one Fabric, because during each stroke of the weft a series of twists extending in the direction of the weft is formed. In view of this, each double shot 22a and 226 can be considered as a single total Designate weft yarn insertion.

Pile rods 2 <extending in the warp direction and several rows of vertically movable pile yarn guides which can be displaced in the weft direction work together with the weaving elements to produce ground warp yarns, weft yarns and pile yarns as pile fabric F (FIG. 3). In the embodiment of the invention described here, there are two rows of pile yarn guides 95 and% extending in the weft direction, but they could

one or more additional, independently controllable rows of pile yarn guides may be provided. On the one hand, binding warp yarns CI and Cl , which according to FIG. I are withdrawn from a warp beam 30, on the other hand, relatively strongly tensioned tension warp yarns S. from another source, e.g. B. according to FIG. I from a further warp beam 31.

The ground warp yarns CI, d and S are led away from the warp beams 30 and 3i to the front under lower deflecting rollers 32 and 33 (FIG. 3), whereupon they are passed upwards over rollers 34 and 35 and then forwards in a generally horizontal plane run around the edge of the fabric F through the heald frames 21 and the reed 20 /. The fabric F runs over a breast tree 36 and is picked up by a take-off roller 37, from which it is shown according to FIG. 1 is guided to a driven tree 40.

Since the tension warp yarns S do not need to be shifted up and down, it is not necessary that they extend through the eyelets of the strands. However, the warp yarns CI and C2 run through the eyes of the strands of the relevant shafts 21 in order to form a double warp shed together with the tension warp yarns 5. The use of the tension warp yarns S is not absolutely necessary. If such are used, however, they preferably extend forward between the two insertion needles 22 and 23, as is most clearly shown in FIG. 13 can be seen, and further to the edge of the fabric F.

Apart from the fact that, according to the invention, there are two insertion needles 22 and 23, that can Sheet 20, the shafts 21, the needles 22, 23, the Ketlbaumgler the warp beams 30,31, the pile rods 24, the take-off roller 37 and the fabric beam 40 can be designed and actuated in the same way as in the US-PS 28 60 664 is described. With regard to this, the devices in question are only described in the following as is necessary for an understanding of the invention.

According to FIG. 12 is a drive device, ζ. Β. an electric motor 43, in addition, the input shaft of a transmission to be driven with three output shafts 45, 46 and 47. The output shaft 45 is connected to the take-off roller 37 connected by a transmission 50. Gear wheels 51 provide a drive connection between the output shaft c 46 and one end of an eccentric shaft 52. and the output shaft 47 is through a coupling 53 with a Device 54 connected for reciprocating insertion needles; this device comprises according to F i g. 2 a block 55 in which the two outer ends of the needles 22 and 23 are firmly installed one above the other are. The device 54 for reciprocating the insertion needles can be designed as is described in the USA patents already mentioned.

According to FIG. 12, a shaft eccentric 59 is non-rotatable connected to the main eccentric shaft 52, and it cooperates with a roller 60 on a lever 61. The lower end of the lever 61 is associated with one of the shafts 21 by a rod 62 and a crank 63 Pivot shaft 64 connected, sitting on the two pivot arms 65, of which in F i g. 12 only one can be seen, while the other in the left part of FIG. 2 appears. On the shafts 21 connecting rods 66 are attached, which are in the frame of the loom are guided vertically movable.

The lower ends of the connecting rods 66 at both ends of the shafts 21 are, for. B. through more Rods 67 are connected to the pivot arms 65. In the present case, you only need two shafts 21 use, one of which is in its upper position and the other in its lower position, while weft yarn is brought into the double warp yarn shed. Of course you could in the frame the invention use additional shafts or strands that are made by a dobby or an | acquard machine being controlled.

According to FIG. J is the reed 20 on a drawer 70 attached, which is supported by seated on a pivot shaft 72 arms 71. On the pivot shaft 72 is a crank 73 attached, the roller 74 in the groove of a

is with the main eccentric shaft 52 firmly connected grooved eccentric 75 intervenes.

The front ends of the pile rods 24 extend over the breast tree 36 and the base fabric which, according to FIG. 13A, is produced from the base warp yarns CI and C2, the tension warp yarn S and the double-strand weft yarns 22a and 23a. The basic wedge yarns may be arranged in spaced-apart groups of two or more warp yarns, and usually a pile 24 extends over each group of ground warp yarns. When weaving the in F i g. 13A, 14A and 15A can comprise each group of ground warp yarns one of the three warp yarns CI, C2 and Sum.

The pile rods 24 can have a uniform height

ίο have, as shown in Fig. 16 and / or it may be pile rods as described in US Pat. No. 2,880,072; in this case each pile of pile comprises two or more looping surfaces of different heights which are each arranged at the front end and which can be advanced into the looping zone as required in order to form successive loops of different heights according to a predetermined pattern. Typical pile rods with looping surfaces of two different heights are shown in FIG. 17, 18 and 19 and labeled 24.7, 24b and 24c, respectively. In addition, such pile rods can be withdrawn as required in relation to the looping zone in order to form loops lying against the base fabric from the associated pile yarns, ie loops whose upper bays enclose corresponding groups of base warp yarns. Certain pile rods or all pile rods can be provided with knives, as shown in FIG. 18 and 19 are shown at 24b ' and 24γ ", which serve to cut either all pile loops or only the relatively low pile loops. Further embodiments of the pile rods with knives are described in US Pat. No. 2,860,666 provide known manner designed shear means to partially or completely shear off the upper parts of the loops after the fabric has been removed from the loom .

According to FIG. 3, the pile rods 24 extend through the reed 20 to the rear and between the strands of the shafts 21. and they are movable in the longitudinal direction on a transverse frame part 80 out, which is located between the essentially vertically arranged side frame parts 81 and 82 (F i g. 1 to 3) extends the loom and attached to it

is attached. Around the loosening areas that are rooted in each case of the pile rods in the suhling formation zone in front of the reed 20, if pile rods of the kind shown in Figs. 17 and 18 are used, every pile can be liked. 3 by a rope 84 with ■ -a master pattern apparatus 85, e.g. B. according to FIG. I with a jacquard machine.

The llorgarnc run from a creel (not shown) or some other source according to I · 'i g. 1 and 3 by a pile yarn tensioning device 90 ι ο to eliminate the passage, and this device is used to subdivide the pile yarns into a first thread band A and a second thread band B. The jig 90 can /. B. be designed as shown in FIG. 4A or 4B of U.S. Patent No. 2,860,664. From the tensioning device 90, the pile twine straps A and B run backwards over deflection rollers 91 and 92, from there downwards over further deflection rollers 93 and 94 and through thread eyelets at the lower ends of essentially vertically arranged pile twine guides 95 and 96 which can be moved downwards, these guides forming a front or primary and a rear or secondary row extending in the weft direction. Pile yarns A and B extend from guides 95 and% to the 2s edge of the resulting fabric /

During the weaving process, the guides 95 and 96 are moved from their upper or retracted position above the pile rods 24 downwards into the double warp thread shed, at least to below the path of the upper insertion needle 23, before a weft insertion is carried out, if one assumes that ¹ Jas fabric F should be a single-layer fabric. After the insertion needles 22 and 23 have been withdrawn, the pile yarn guides 95 and% are then returned to their upper position in order to guide the tensioned pile yarns around the underside and partially around the corresponding weft yarns, while the reed 20 adapts the last inserted weft yarns 22a and 23a hits the edge of the fabric F. This process of moving the pile yarn guides downwards in connection with the displacement of the guides over pile rods during each weft beat or when weft beats of the weaving machine are separated by distances is known. In the aforementioned US-PS Re. 24 949 also describes the use of two adjacent rows of pile twine guides extending in the weft direction in conjunction with a manually adjustable cam-operated linkage, this linkage serving to make both rows of pile twine guides simultaneously equal movements in the pile over the pile rods The direction of the weft, and the two rows of guides moving in the same direction in relation to the direction of the weft, or by adjusting the rods by hand, the two rows of guides relative to one another by the same amount, however move in opposite directions. However, the previously known looms of this type do not make it possible to move a series of pile yarn guides as desired independently of an adjacent other row at certain times and to move both rows of pile yarn guides together and / or both rows relative to one another by varying amounts to move according to a predetermined pattern without interrupting the weaving process of the loom.

According to the invention, patterning means are provided which enable it to be performed, one after the other, as desired the rows of pile yarn guides 95 and 96 independently of each other in accordance with a predetermined one To verscniebcn pattern so that it z. B. is possible, first, each guide within each row via a or several pile of tufts or groups of basic Celtic stones move away while the other series of guides adjust their position in the weft direction maintains, this during a certain loop formation beat of the loom or during each of several successive looping beats of the loom happens, or secondly, each pile thread guide of each row in the weft direction over a number of pile rods or to shift groups of ground warp yarns away in one direction or the other, whereby this number is greater than the number of pile rods or groups of ground warp yarns over which any one of the other series of pile yarn guides during a given looping lay or shifted several successive loops of the loom of the loom or that, thirdly, both rows of pile yarn guides simultaneously in the same direction or in opposite directions can be shifted by equal amounts, and / or that fourth both series of guides during the weaving of any particular set of successive ones Weft strokes of the loom either in the same direction or in opposite directions relative to one another Directions can be moved by the same or different amounts. Besides that the rows of pile yarn guides are mounted so that they are adjusted with respect to the associated support means can be so that the extent can be determined in advance. in which each series of guides is after is moved into the warp compartment at the bottom. In other words, all of the pile yarns can go down into the shed in to below the path of the lower insertion needle 22 (Fig. 13), or the pile yarns that guided by the guides of a row can be moved down into the compartment, however only to below the upper insertion needle 23, while the remaining pile yarns down to below the path of both insertion needles 22 and 23 are moved, as shown in FIG. 14, or both rows pile yarn guides can be moved down into the warp shed until they reach a middle layer take in order to remove all pile yarns between the movement paths of the two insertion needles 22 and 23 to be arranged as shown in FIG. 15 is shown.

The manner in which pile yarn guides 95 and 96 are supported and supported so that the two Rows can be shifted in the final direction, and the pattern forming device associated with the guides for controlling the various sliding movements of the pile yarn guides are described below.

According to Figures 9, 10, 11 and 13 are the upper ends of the pile yarn guides 95 and 96 of the first and the second row, respectively, sets of fixedly assigned therein Blocks 100 and 101 installed. Generally speaking, the blocks 100 and 101 made of plastic or Are made of metal and shaped to enclose the upper portions of sets of guides 95 and 96, respectively; here extend from each of these

Blocks of usually about 10 pile twine guides down. On the back of each block 100 and on the front of each block 101 an elongated, essentially horizontally extending strip 102 or 103 is formed, which protrudes from the block in question so that the blocks 100 and 101 are at the desired height from a front one Guide support rail 104 and a lower rear support rail 105 can be arranged in the manner described below. The support rails 104 and 105 form components of a first and a second movable guide frame, and they can be designed as rigid angle profiles made of metal. The length of the support rails 104 and 105 can be approximately equal to the width of the fabric to be produced.

The front of the front support rail 104 and the back of the rear support rail 105 is with the two longitudinally extending upper and lower ones separated by a perpendicular distance Grooves 106, 107 or 108, 109 are provided, which are dimensioned so that they the relevant strips 102 b2.w. 103 of the blocks 100 or 101 can accommodate with a tight fit. In Fig. 9, 11 and 13 are the strips 102 and 103 of the blocks 100 and 101 in the lower grooves 106 and 108 of the respective support rails 104 and 105 arranged, and the blocks 100 and 101 are with the front side and the rear side of the associated Support rail 104 or 105 connected by screws 112. Thus, the two rows of pile yarn guides take 95 and 96 their lowest possible position relative to the support rails 104 and 105.

According to Fig. 14 and 15, one row or both rows of pile yarn guides 95 and 96 can be arranged in such a way that that they occupy a relatively high position with respect to the associated support rails 104 and 105; to For this purpose, the strips 102 and 103 of the blocks 100 and 101 are each in the upper groove 107 and 109 arranged, and the blocks are in the corresponding position with the support rails 104 and 105 through the screws 112 connected.

When, as shown in FIG. 13, both rows of pile yarn guides 95 and 96 assume their lowest position opposite the support rails 104 and 105, and when the pile yarn lights are moved down into the warp shed, all pile yarns A and B are below the paths of the two insertion needles 22 and 23 arranged.

If, according to FIG. 14, the rear row of pile yarn guides is in a relatively high position with respect to its support rail 105, while the front pile yarn guides 95 are in the lower position with respect to the support rail 104, when the pile yarn guides are lowered, the pile yarns A are down to below the The path of the lower insertion needle 22 is moved downwards, while the pile yarns B are arranged between the paths of the insertion needle 22 and 23 as soon as the pile yarn guides 95 and 96 are moved downwards into the warp shed. If, according to FIG. 15, both rows of pile yarn guides 95 and 96 are arranged opposite their support rails 104 and 105 in their upper position, all pile yarns A and B are arranged between the paths of the two insertion needles 22 and 23 as soon as the pile yarn guides dip into the warp shed.

The extent to which the pile yarns A and B protrude into the base fabric can thus be adapted to the wishes of the customer. It may be desirable to pass all of the pile yarns A and B over the underside of the lower weft yarns 22a, as shown in FIG. 13 and 13A to enhance the appearance of the backside of the pile fabric, particularly when the fabric is to be used to make carpets that will be repositioned more frequently in use, such as runners and bridges . In order to reduce the cost of manufacturing the pile fabric, it is of course possible to interpose the pile yarns A and S between the lower weft yarns 22a and the upper weft yarns 23a, as shown in FIG. 15 and 15A. so that the length of the pile yarn which each loop or nub of a certain height forms above the base fabric may be less than is necessary when the pile yarns as shown in FIGS. 13 and 13A are passed over the underside of the lower weft yarns 22a.

The in F i g. The arrangement of the pile yarn guides 95 and 96 shown in FIG. 14 and the fabric produced with this arrangement according to FIG. 14A can be particularly desirable if the pile yarns of one thread band differ in terms of their thickness from the pile yarns of the other thread band, because in the case of the fabrics according to FIG. 13A and 14A, relatively thick pile yarns between adjacent weft yarns could be gripped more tightly than adjacent relatively thin pile yarns. Therefore, knobs or tufts of the relatively thin pile yarns could easily be accidentally pulled out of the base fabric, at least until the usual coating is applied to the underside of the base fabric. According to FIG. 14 and 14A, the pile yarns A are therefore passed over the underside of the lower weft yarns 22a, while the pile yarns ß over the underside of the upper weft yarns 23a, ie between the lower and the upper weft yarns, are passed through. Assuming that the first pile yarns A are stronger than the second pile yarns B, and that all pile yarns A and B are stronger than the ground warp yarns, it is obvious that the lower bays of the weaker pile yarns are firmly between the lower and upper weft yarn pairs 22a and 23a, and that the legs of all loops formed from the thicker pile yarns are firmly grasped between successive adjacent pairs of weft yarns 22a and 23a.

If one has a fabric in the form shown in FIG. 13A or HA or 15A produces a single shot Pile fabric which, per unit length, has the same weight as one made from yarns in a known manner two-ply pile fabric made of similar thickness. In addition, each of the fabrics 13A to 15A at the same speed weave like a single-layer fabric of a known type, but the base fabric can per unit length be almost twice as heavy as a single-ply fabric made from yarns of similar strength known type, which is desirable in practice.

The front support rail 104 and the rear delivery arranged support rail 105 are mounted so that they can move along their axes in the weft direction. For this purpose are the ones protruding backwards upper legs of the support rails 104 and 105 with lugs 114 or 115 provided, through which a common Guide rod 116 extends, each by a distance from the upper legs of the support rails

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h'ene 104 is ⁽ the front portion of a substantially ^S fi π L-shaped crank arm 120 is attached, and the upper rear portions of the crank arms 120 are? _tm j _t a first outer tubular pivoting

He connected 121, which extends substantially over the ^we width of the loom and in accordance with p ^a · g 2 and 5 supported by the lateral frame parts 81 and "2 of the loom bearings 122 is both _ax j _a l slidably and rotatably supported.

Furthermore, an inner or second pivot shaft is provided, which is preferably slightly longer than that outer pivot shaft 121, and that in this first pivot shaft axially or in the longitudinal direction is slidably mounted. With each end of the upper leg of the rear support rail 105 is also a front portion of a crank arm 125 is rotatably connected, and this crank arm extends according to FIG cig 9 up and back at a certain angle, and its rear end is on a collar part 126 attached, which encloses the first pivot shaft 121 and on this Schwenkweüe in the longitudinal direction is movable. Each of the collar parts 126 is wider than the adjacent crank arm 120 outside and at a distance therefrom.

The row of second pile yarn guides% must be shifted transversely to the longitudinal axis of the fabric. namely in fixed relation to the second shaft 123. The outer pivot shaft 121 also settles freely in the axial direction to the front or first pile yarn guides 95 transversely to the loom relative to the rear or second pile yarn guides%, but both will Rows of pile yarn guides 95 and 96 raised and lowered together. Therefore measures are taken by an axial displacement movement from the inner pivot shaft 123 onto the collar parts 126 to transmit relative to the outer pivot shaft 121, and to rotate or angular movement of the To transmit crank arms 120 from via the outer pivot shaft 121 to the collar parts 126. To this The purpose is according to FIG. 9 and 11 with each collar part 126 one end of a multi-part bracket 127 connected by welding or other means. Everyone who Brackets 127 extend upward from the associated collar portion 126, over the associated crank arm

120 and then down again, and its inner end portion is by welding or others Way firmly connected to a wedge 130. Each of the keys 130 slidably engages a mating long keyway 131 formed in the outer pivot shaft

121 is formed and the inner end of each part is firmly connected to the inner pivot shaft 123.

When weaving a single pile pile fabric, pile yarn guides 95 and% are brought from their upper rest position to a lower working position in the warp shed in front of sheet 20 (FIG. 3) and behind the paths of insertion needles 22 and 23, during each backward stroke of the sheet 20. Furthermore, the pile yarn guides 95 and 96 are returned to their rest position above the sheet and the warp yarns C1, C1 and S during each stop stroke of the sheet 20. With regard to this, according to FIG. 2, 3, 9 and 11, the upper end of rod 133 is rotatably connected to each crank arm 120, the lower end of which is articulated to an associated crank arm 134. The crank assemblies 134 extend forwards from the rods 133 and are connected to the blade pivoting link 72 in a rotationally fixed manner. Thus, the blue actuation eccentric 75 as shown in FIG. 3 also to lower the pile yarn guides 95 and 96 during the backward stroke or during the forward or stop stroke of the sheet 20 or to raise them again.

If a two-section or a three-section fabric is to be produced, you can use separate eccentrics provide to move the reed back and forth, and around the pile yarn guides 95 and 96 in the Insert the warp tray and pull it back again so that the pile yarn guides only during every second Weft or during every third weft of the loom in the warp shed and be moved back up.

There are pattern formation means is provided for the primary and the secondary 121 and 123 to move Florgarnführungs-pivot shafts in the direction of its axis and to bring about such corresponding displacement movements of the Florgarnführungen 95 and%, while the guides are in their upper position over the Florruten 24th These patterning agents are shown in FIG. 2 in the form of a double musler-forming device, which comprise two essentially identical, but mirror-inverted, first and second or primary and secondary pattern-forming heads, which are shown in FIG. 2 are designated as a whole by 140 and 140 '. The first pattern forming head 140 is supported by the side frame part 81 which is adjacent to one ends of the pivot shafts 121 and 123, and it extends outwardly from this frame part :; the second pattern forming head 140 'is supported by the other side frame part 82 of the loom and extends outward from this side part in the vicinity of the other ends of the two shafts 121 and 123. Since the two patterning heads 140 and 140 'can be of the same construction, except that they are mirror images of each other, only the first patterning head 140 will be described in detail, and corresponding parts of the second patterning head 140' are each with the The same reference numerals are designated so that a repetition of the description is unnecessary.

As shown in Figures 4 and 5, each comprises a patterning head 140 a multi-part slide 141, which is opposite to the frame part 81 of the loom essentially can perform horizontal movements inwards and outwards on two guide rods 142 and 143, whose inner ends are connected to a plate 144 which is attached to the lateral frame part 81 of the loom is attached. The guide rods 142 and 143 are also by an opposite the side Frame part supported outwardly offset plate 145, which is provided with struts 146, which according to F i g. 2 and 4 extend downwards and inwards and are firmly connected to the side frame part 81. Further, an inner patterning shaft 150 and an outer patterning shaft 151 are provided, which are mounted in pairs of bearings 152 and 153, which are mounted on two parallel side rails of the carriage 141 are attached. On each of the waves A square sprocket (Fig. 7) and 156 (Fig. 4) are seated in 150 and 151, and these sprockets transport an endless pattern chain 157.

Each link of the pattern chain 157 is in the form of an im substantially flat rectangular plate and supports two 160 and 161 that are detachable to the plate are attached and protrude away from it to the outside. Therewith the pattern chain 157 is provided with two rows of stops, each of which is one of the two Pivot shafts 121 and 123 is assigned. The stops 160 and 161 can be in the associated links screwed in the pattern chain 157 or releasably connected to them in some other way. If each one of the successive pairs of stops 160 and 161 its readiness position on the respectively inwardly facing surface of the inner sprocket 155 occupies, as z. B. in Fig. 5 are the Attacks on the first and the second pivot shaft 121 or 123 aligned, and they can continue inward into their working position in contact with these shafts be moved. In view of this, one can use the stops 160 as the primary stops and the stops 161 as secondary attacks.

Furthermore, a device is provided which makes it possible to move the carriage 141 from the normal rest position into a working position during that part of the weft beat of the loom during which the pile yarn guides 95 and 96 are retracted upwards with respect to the pile rods 24. During each of such inward movement of the carriage 141, the pattern string 157 moves together with the slide inwardly to the two then-most inward their standby position moving engaging stop 160 and bring 161 to rest on the associated ends of the shafts 121 and 123rd This is discussed in more detail below.

So that the carriage 141 can be moved in the manner described, it is on both sides with each a vertically grooved block 163 is provided, and with these blocks rollers 164 work together, which on the lower ends of levers 165 are rotatably supported. On the levers 165 are between their ends Rollers 166 mounted, which engage in grooves of associated eccentrics 167. The upper ends of the levers 165 are according to Fi g. 4 on the ends of a shaft 170 arranged, which are stored in bearings 171 which are carried by two brackets 172, which in turn on the lateral frame part 81 are attached and protrude from it to the outside. The eccentrics 167 sit tightly an eccentric shaft 173 rotatably mounted in the brackets 172. The rear end of the eccentric shaft 173 is according to Figure 4 with the output side of a gear transmission 175 connected.

According to Fig. 12, the two gears 175 and ΐ75 'of the two sample heads 140 and 140' by a Shaft 176 connected, which is an output of the gearbox 175 'of the second sample head 140' with the drive ropes of the transmission 175 of the first sample head 140 connects. The drive shaft of the gearbox 175 'des second design head 140 'is driven from the main eccentric shaft 52 via chain wheels 180, 181, 182, 183 and endless chains 184 and 185 associated therewith. According to Fig. 12 is an intermediate Shaft 187 is provided on which the sprockets 181 and 182 sit, and with which a sprocket 190 Is rotatably connected, with which a chain 191 cooperates, which with the main sample apparatus or the jacquard machine 85 is connected. so that the action of the main model apparatus in the right relationship with the working parts of the

35

40

45

50

55

60 loom including the pattern heads 140 and 140 'is held. It can be seen that the eccentrics 167 associated with the pattern heads 140 and 140 'are driven to make a single revolution during each shot to cause each carriage 141 and 141' together with the associated pattern chain 157 to make an inward stroke and then performs an outward stroke each time the pile yarn guides 96 and 95 have been retracted upward from the ground warp yarn shed. The two pattern-forming carriages 141 move inward and outward at the same time.

As explained in more detail below, the stops 160, 161 within each have along the pattern chain extending row has a different effective height and corresponds to the hone of the different stops each one of different desired patterns of pile loops with different aesthetic properties with which the fabric produced is provided. These different The aesthetic properties of the pile loops can differ in terms of color, structure, des Degree of twist or other characteristic features of certain pile yarns compared to others Pile yarns include such that certain pile loops are created which are located in the manufactured Distinguish or contrast fabric with other neighboring pile loops.

Furthermore, actuating means are provided according to the invention to each pattern chain 157 during each To give the weft hit of the loom a step-by-step movement. Since the sprocket 155 according to F i g. 7 is square in shape, the shaft 150 can be rotated during each outward stroke of the carriage 141 Be rotated 90 °. According to Fig.5 and 8 is on the A disk 194 is attached to the shaft 150, in which four pins 195 are distributed at equal angular intervals are installed, which extend parallel to the axis of the shaft 150 opposite the disc to the outside and work together one after the other with a hook 1% (FIG. 8) of a main switching pawl 197 during each outward stroke or during certain selected outward strokes of the Carriage 141. The inner end of the pawl 197 is on a bracket attached to the plate 144 200 rotatably mounted.

The pawl 197 has a cam surface 201 which normally is located on one of the pins 195 supported so that during each inward stroke of the carriage 141 of the pin 195 in question on the Cam surface 201 slides away until the pin moves inward beyond the hook 196 of the pawl moved while the disk 194 and the shaft 150 are moved together with the carriage 141 so that that they in F i g. 8 reach position indicated by dashed lines. As soon as that happens, come the hook 196 in engagement with the relevant pin 195, so that this pin during the next Outward stroke of the carriage 141 cooperates with the hook 196 to close the disc 194 by about 90 ° rotate until the carriage 141 has reached its outer rest position again.

In order to ensure that the next link of the pattern chain 157 together with the relevant stops i60 and 161 is in the correct ready position so that the stops then with the neighboring Ends of the pivot shafts 121 and 123

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As long as the main pawl 197 is in its operating position with respect to the pin 195 of the disk 194 , the disk 194 is rotated through 90 ° during each of the successive outward strokes of the carriage 141 in order to move the pattern chain 157 accordingly in the forward direction. However, the main pawl 197 with the main pattern apparatus 85 (F i g.4), so that the main patterns apparatus can pull the pawl 197 against the pin 195 upwardly to a rest position by a cord or a rope 215; this increases the range of patterns that can be produced with the aid of each pattern chain 157 without the need to lengthen the pattern chain. Since it is unlikely that a particular pile loop pattern to be produced would ever require both rows of pile yarn guides 95 and% to maintain the same position in the weft direction while any two immediately consecutive rows of pile loops are formed in the weft direction, one is used for Auxiliary switching pins 216 serving to reverse the pattern according to FIG. 8 whenever the main pawl 197 is moved upwards into its rest position, it is moved upwards from its normal lower rest position into its working position with respect to the pin of the disk 194 .

Which is similar to the latch 197 formed auxiliary ratchet 216 is also rotatably mounted on the elbow, and a rod 217 connects the two ratchets 197 and 216. A hook 218 at the free end of the pawl 216 may each with a specific pin 195 of the disc 194 cooperate to rotate the disc 194 step by step in the reverse direction by 90 ° and to move the pattern chain 157 accordingly in the reverse direction, which takes place during each outward stroke of the carriage 147 as long as the main pawl has been pulled up into its rest position. It can thus be seen that each pattern chain 157 can be moved alternately in the forward direction and the reverse direction, with one such

■ before movement during each weft stroke of the loom is brought about.

As mentioned, the stops 16 and 161 within each of the two rows on the pattern chain 157 differ in terms of their height, specifically in accordance with the desired pile loop pattern with which the fabric is to be provided. It does happen, however, that two or more

■ the following stops, which are brought into the working position within a certain row and which have the same effective height; this applies e.g. B. when weaving multi-shot pile fabrics or when floating certain pile yarns. Whenever there is a difference in height between two immediately successive stops within one or the other row of each pattern chain 157 , the difference in height between these two immediately successive stops corresponds to a "division unit" or a multiple of such a division unit. ■ ο The term “unit of division” here denotes the distance between the central planes of any two directly consecutive pile rods 24.

In some cases, but not in every case, the loom would be provided with pile yarn guides 95 and% within each row, the number of which is equal to the number of pile rods 24 in each case. Of course, the "division unit" of the pile fabric F produced also indicates the distance between the central planes of two rows of pile loops immediately following one another in the warp direction, and most carpet fabrics use a division unit of around 4.8 to 6.35 mm. With the in F i g. 13A, 14A and 15A is a group of three ground warp yarns, each of which comprises one of the warp yarns Cl, C2 and S, arranged between each two rows of pile loops adjacent to one another in the warp direction, and therefore the division unit in the fabric also denotes the Distance between the central planes of two directly adjacent groups of ground warp yarns, over which rows of pile loops extending in the warp direction are arranged

are.

When making certain tissues, e.g. B. of the fabric shown in Fig. 23 at Fa, two or more pile yarns are passed through each Florgarnführung and 95%, each group of Grundkettgarnen is assigned a Florrute 24, and for each 24 Florrute a Florgarnführung 95 and a Florgarnführung 96 are provided. Other pile fabrics can be woven in such a way that one omits every other pile yarn guide within each row, or that, preferably, simply leaves out every second pile yarn in the thread ribbons A and ß so that one or more pile yarns A run through every second primary guide 95 , and that one or more pile yarns B run through the respective secondary guides% arranged therebetween. In any case, the arrangement is preferably such that the guides 95 for the pile yarns A alternate with the guides% for the pile yarns B. However, there are other instances in which it may be desirable to omit pile rods 24 and the corresponding pile yarns A and B within certain spaced groups 55 of ground warp yarns and to form the loop pattern such that none of the pile yarns spaced such Groups of ground warp yarns crossed over. If such a pile fabric ζ. Β. is laid as carpet in a building, it can therefore be cut along these particular spaced groups of ground warp yarns as required without having to cut any pile loops of the fabric.

65, FIG. 20 and FIG. 23 to 35 show schematically some of the many different loop pile patterns that can be made using the inventive Weaving machine can be produced by the

22nd

ge 160 and 161 on the chains 157 of the sample heads 140 and 140 ' accordingly. In order to give an example of the arrangement of the stops 160 and 161 , in the following with reference to FIG. 23 describes the illustrated piece of fabric Fa . Although certain immediately successive stops within each of the two rows can have the same effective height, and since any two adjacent stops 160 and 161 normally differ in height by only one division, it is important to note that within each one considered Set of stops within each row, the stops can have a progressively increasing or a progressively decreasing height. For further explanation it is further assumed that most of the pile yarns of each of the sets A and B are gray, and that the yarns A ' and B' which pass through the middle pile yarn guides 95% and% of each course are of different colors and / .. B. are red and blue. It is also assumed that the term "zero position" denotes the optimum or the center position of the relevant rows of pile yarn guides 95 and%. Numerous differently designed pattern lines of red and blue pile loops can be distributed in the gray background formed by the gray pile loops of the fabric if the stops 160 and 161 are appropriately arranged on each pattern chain 157 , and it should be noted that the stops 160 and 161 of the chain of the second design head 140 ' correspond to the stops of the chain of the first design head 140 or must supplement these stops.

More precisely, in the piece of fabric Fa shown schematically in FIG. 23, the straight vertical lines each represent a group of ground warp yarns C1, C2 and 5, while the straight horizontal lines each represent a weft yarn insertion, each of which according to FIG top weft yarns 22a and 23a. In order to produce the fabric section FI shown in FIG. 23, the stops of a first set of pattern stops are arranged alternately within each row so that their height corresponds to a pitch unit or the value of ZERO pitch units, with both stops 160 and 161 of each pattern chain link within of the rate must be the same in each case. Thus, during every second looping weft of the loom, both rows of pile yarn guides 95 and% are simultaneously displaced in the same direction, based on the weft direction, so that each pile yarn guide is pushed over a single corresponding pile rod 24. In addition, both rows of pile yarn guides are simultaneously displaced by the same amount and together with respect to the weft direction in the opposite direction during the intervening pile formation weft beats of the loom, with each pile yarn guide being displaced above the same pile rod 24. After each such displacement movement of the pile yarn guides 95 and 96, the thread loops of the pile yarn guides are moved down into the warp shed, a weft yarn insert is introduced into the warp shed above the pile yarns, and the pile yarn guides are pulled out of the warp shed, whereupon there ;; Leaf hits the relevant weft insertion against the edge of the resulting fabric. In this way, double parallel loops, mutually associated pairs of pile yarns A and B are formed within the entire fabric piece FI.

In order to distinguish the pile loops formed from the first pile yarns A from the pile loops formed from the second pile yarns B , each pile loop formed from a first pile yarn A is not hatched, while each pile loop formed from a second pile yarn B is hatched diagonally is. In addition, the effect or contract pile loops, which are formed from the red pile yarns A ' and the blue pile yarns B' of the thread bands A and B concerned , are shown with stronger lines compared to the loops of the background formed from the gray pile yarns. It can thus be seen that the parallel double loops of the fancy yarns A ' and B' form a zigzag line or row of red and blue pile loops. which extends in the warp direction generally through the middle part of the fabric piece FI according to FIG. 23 extends.

To the third piece of fabric F3 according to FIG. 23 to produce the pattern shown, it is first necessary to allow each of the pile yarns of a thread band to cross a corresponding pile rod 24 or at least a corresponding group of ground warp yarns without causing the pile yarns of the other thread band to cross the pile rods or groups of ground warp yarns to cross over. In other words, the first row of pile yarn guides 95 would remain in a fixed perpendicular plane while the second row of pile yarn guides 96 is shifted. In this way a second piece of fabric F2 is formed in which the blue yarn B ' crosses the middle pile 24 while the red yarn A' remains on one side of the same pile so that it forms a float under or in the base fabric. The second piece of fabric F2 can have several rows of loops running in the weft direction or, as shown in FIG. 23 comprise only a single row of loops in the weft direction. In the present case, a single link of the pattern chain would be brought into the standby position with a stop 160 corresponding to zero pitch units and a stop 161 with a height corresponding to one pitch unit, it being assumed that both stops and 161 of the immediately preceding link assume standby positions, both a height of NuI! Pitch units correspond. In forming the weft row of loops of the fabric piece F2, each pile yarn guide 95 is now positioned near the opposite side of each associated pile rod 24, while the associated pile yarn guides 96 are on the other side; this prepares the formation of the third fabric piece F3.

When generating the third piece of fabric F3 according to FIG. 23, the stops of a third set are arranged within each row in such a way that alternately every second stop has a height corresponding to zero division units and the stops in between have a height corresponding to one division unit, but the stops of each link of the pattern chain within this third set have different heights are. In other words, the height of the first stop 160 of the third set would be a unit of division and the height of the first stop

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It can be seen that when weaving a single-ply pile fabric, the first and third sets of stops 160 and 161 in each case comprise only two adjacent links of each pattern chain 157 can, which are thereby alternately brought into the working position that the position of the two pawls 197 and 216 (Fig. 8) from weft to weft of the loom through the main pattern apparatus 85 is changed.

As mentioned, the stops 160 and 161 of the second pattern head 140 'must be the pattern stops of the first Add sample head 140. Whenever both rows of pile yarn guides are 95 and% according to F i g. 9 must be shifted to the right, this is done by the fact that the associated pivot shafts 121 and 123 according to FIG. 5 can be moved to the right. When both rows of pile yarn guides 95 and 96 according to FIG. 9 must be shifted to the left, this is done by the fact that the Pivot shafts 121 and 123 according to FIG. 5 can be moved to the left.

If now the first pivot shaft 121 is to be moved from left to right, the effective Height of the stop 160 of the sample head 140, which then assumes its working position, by one division unit be greater than the height of the stop 160 of the same, which was brought into effect immediately before Design head 140, and this height must also be one pitch unit greater than that of his then The stop 160 of the second muslin's head 140 'occupies the working position. When the sleighs of the two To move sample heads 140 and 140 'inward towards one another, the one in his working position moves Stop 160 of the sample head 140 moves the first shaft 121 to the right and one pitch unit against the pattern stop 160 of the second pattern head 140 ', which then assumes its working position. The carriages of both sample heads then move outward into their rest position during the corresponding weft beat of the loom.

It is obvious that the second shaft 123 together with its pile yarn guides 96 through the stops 161 of the two sample heads 140 and 140 'can be moved from left to right in the same way can, as has just been described with respect to the first shaft 121.

When the first shaft 121 with the pile yarn guides 95 according to FIG. 5 and 9 from right to left is to be shifted, must now be the effective: height of the then occupying his working position Stop 160 of the first sample head 140 be at least one pitch unit less than that the immediately preceding pattern stop 160 of the same pattern head 140, and they must also be at least one division less than that of the then his readiness position occupying stop 160 of the second sample head 140 '. When the sleighs of the two To move sample heads 140 and 140 'inward towards each other, the then pushes its readiness position engaging stop 160 of the second sample head 140 'the first shaft 121 by a Division unit to the left and against the stop 160 of the first, which then assumes its working position Sample head 140, whereupon the carriages of both sample heads move outwards again into their rest position can move. In this case, too, it is obvious that the second shaft 123 with its pile yarn guides 96 through the corresponding stops 1611 of the two sample heads 140 and 140 'from right to left can be moved in much the same way as it did with respect to the first Pivot shaft 121 has been described.

With regard to FIG. 23 and the foregoing description according to which the established red and blue pile yarns A ' and B' run through the associated, substantially centrally located pile yarn guides 95 and 96 of each row and extend to the edge of the resulting fabric, it can be seen that one Form the two outwardly diverging diagonal rows of red and blue pile loops and fill them with gray Fiorvhlingen, as shown in the fabric piece F 4 by providing within each row of each pattern chain 157 a fourth set of pattern stops, the height of which increases progressively. Assume that each diagonal row of pile loops should extend over three rows of pile loops consecutive in the warp direction in addition to the common or central row running in the warp direction, the loops made of the red pile yarn A ' from left to right and If the loops of the blue pile yarn B 'are to diverge from right to left, the effective height of the first, second and third primary stops 160 in the first design head 140, which are brought into their working position one after the other, would have to be a negative pitch unit or two negative pitch units or correspond to three negative modules. The height of the first, second and third secondary stops 161 within this fourth set would have to be two, three or many in the case of the pattern head 140

Pitch units correspond.

During the corresponding set of three looping weft beats of the loom using the fourth set of stops 160 and 161 just described, and despite the fact that all first pile yarn guides 95 move together, while all second pile yarn guides 96 also move together, however move independently of the pile yarn guides 95, the relevant guide 95 through which the red pile yarn A ' runs would thus during the first looping weft of the loom within this set from left to right over the first pile 24 on the right side of the middle pile shifted, while the corresponding pile yarn guide 96 with the blue pile yarn B 'is shifted from right to left over the first pile rod 24 on the left side of the middle pile rod.

Then the pile yarn guides are moved down into the warp shed, whereupon according to FIG. 1J insert needles 22 and 23 corresponding weft yarns into the warp shed, whereupon the pile yarn guides 95 and% are brought up into their rest position, and whereupon the sheet 20 then executes its stopping movement. During the second pile formation pick of the loom within this particular set, whereby the mentioned fourth set of stops 160 and 161 is brought into effect, the red yarn A ' running through a pile guide 95 is again to the right and over the second pile rod 24 on the right side of the middle pile while the blue pile thread B ' running through a pile thread guide 96 is again shifted to the left and over the second pile on the left side of the middle pile. During the next weft beat of the loom, the red pile yarn A ' is shifted in a similar manner over the third pile of pile on the right side of the mini pile pile, while the blue pile yarn B' is shifted to the left over the third pile of pile on the left side of the middle pile of pile will.

It can now according to FIG. 23 it may be desirable to form two converging diagonal rows of pile loops from the two contrasting pile yarns as shown within the fabric piece F5. In this case, a fifth set of stops 160 and 161 can be used for each design head 140 and 140 ' , in which the height of the first three stops within each row varies in the opposite direction if the height of these stops varies with the height of the three compares successive keystrokes in each row that make up the fourth movement just described.

It is to be noted that in the fabric piece FS the diagonal rows of contrasting pile loops cross over the middle pile rod and the middle group of ground warp yarns, and that the diagonal row of blue loops in the warp direction and in the weft direction comprises a smaller number of pile loop rows than the row formed by the red loops. In addition, the blue loops sweep as shown in FIG. 23 then back to the left again to form a short diagonal row of blue loops that extends parallel to part of the diagonal row of red loops in the upper part of the fabric piece F5 . In view of this, the fifth set of stops in each row of the pattern chain 157 of the first pattern head 140 may comprise seven stops. The first three stops of rows 160 and 161 would be arranged in the reverse direction compared to the fourth set, and the height of the next four stops 160 for controlling the guide 95 for the red thread would be a u / .w. be two or three or four modules. The height of the four corresponding stops 161 for

ίο Controlling the lead% for the blue yarn would be zero or a negative pitch unit or zero or a positive pitch unit. Of course, the pile yarns running through the pile yarn guides 95 and% are shifted in a similar manner to the red yarns A ' and the blue yarns B' during each looping weft of the loom. After each shifting step, the pile yarn guides 95 and% are moved as deep down into and out of the warp shed as it continues

»Ο above on the basis of Fig. 13 to 15 is described.

When weaving the piece of fabric F6 according to FIG. 23 the red loops are formed again so that they form a converging diagonal row, while the blue yarn is above a single pile of pile

and is shifted forward, the stops 160 and 161 are arranged in each pattern warp 157 so that the red and blue yarns finally to the first and the second pile on the left side of the middle pile and the middle group of ground

Kcttgarnen return and cross them. The arrangement of the stops 160 and 161 for generating the pattern in the fabric piece F5 as well as in numerous other patterns will appear from the above description of the corresponding arrangements in the

Tissue gaps Fl to F5 can be easily seen. A further description of the pattern formation with the help of stops 160 and 161 should therefore be superfluous.
It should be noted that the in FIG. 23 fabric shown

The only aim of the pattern is to give an easily understandable description of the patterning heads 140 and 140 ' in conjunction with the pile yarn agitators 95 and%, and that one can produce a large number of other loop pile patterns and sequences of patterns

some examples of which are shown in Figs. One can see the various patterns of the fabric according to FIG. 23 and numerous other modifications of pile patterns by firstly changing the arrangement of the stops 160 and 161 from below.

Such a damaging height in the pattern chains of the Muslim heads 140 and 140 ' varies by secondly actuating the ratchets 197 and 216 as shown in FIG. 8 varies with the help of the main pattern apparatus 85 by thirdly varying the pattern formation by the main pattern apparatus 85, the pile rods, which according to FIG Provides knives, as shown in FIG. Is 18 and 19 and described in the aforementioned U.S. Patent by the upper parts fifth shears off some or all of pile loops in a particular tissue by sixthly at the thread bands A and B pile yarns

of different colors and / or different types, seventhly by looking at each ribbon of thread certain pile yarn guides 95 and 96 within the mentioned rows or the corresponding pile yarns

* A and Ii are omitted by leaving out, eighth, certain pile threads and / or by ninth, each within one or the other row or both rows:! Pattern string 157 specific immediately successive stops 160 and 161 provides whose heights are two or more spacings differ ■ j dct, so that the respective Florgarnführungen 95 and% during one or more certain Schußu-hlägc of the loom over two or more Florrutcn 24 and / or groups of ground warp yarns are shifted away.

^ F i g. 24 to 35 schematically show various further novel loop pile patterns which, according to the invention, can be formed in a pile fabric either individually or in various combinations. In order to avoid confusion with regard to the course of each pile yarn, only the fancy yarns A ' and β' are shown in FIGS. 24 to 35 in the form of a strong line or a weak line and grids of straight lines are superimposed, the weft yarn entries and I the crossing Groups of ground warp yarns represent; ι send. For purposes of description, it may be assumed at j I that a pile of pile 24 extends above τ 1 of each group of ground warp yarns and that each pile fabric illustrated is a one-ply fabric. In Fig. 2> to 35 are the η j the background forming pile loops of the clear. , \ wedge omitted.

|. I The fabric shown in Fig. 24 is similar to the

ι. ϊ Pieces of tissue FI and F3 according to F i g. 23, but under-: s ;; does it differ from them in that the pile yarns j. I A 'and B' on separate Florruten and warp _and. I groups in the upper part of F i g. 24 are shifted back and forth. In the upper part of FIG. 24 both • h I pile yarns A ' and B' have in each case been shifted simultaneously in the> _r I same direction. In the middle _r . 1 part of FIG. 24 it can be seen that the pile yarn B 'has been shifted to the left, so that in the rear,. t | Part of Fig. 24 both pile yarns A ' and B' have each been shifted back and forth in " opposite directions over a common pile rod and a common ground warp yarn group. The fabric shown in FIG. 25 is similar to the fabric of FIG. 24 in that both Pile yarns A ' and B' have been shifted together in the outer part of Fig. 25, while they have been shifted in opposite directions in the lower part of Fig. 25. However, in the upper part of Fig. 25, both are displaced Pile yarns shifted back and forth across a common pile rod and a common ground warp yarn group, while in the lower part of Fig. 25 they are shifted back and forth across separate pile rolls and separate ground warp yarn groups g. 24 and 25 the pile yarn A ' is only shifted back and forth over a single pile of pile.

F i g. 26 shows, in its upper part, a pattern in which the fancy pile yarns A ' and S' have each been shifted over a specific pile rod and an associated ground warp yarn group. Furthermore, in the middle part of FIG. 26 the pile yarns compared to the top and bottom parts of FIG. 26 have been shifted successively over a large number of pile rods. When making the loop pattern according to the middle part of FIG. 26 the pile yarns A ' and B' have been moved downward into the warp shed after each displacement movement over a single pile rod, so that the lower bays of the loops move over the underside of the corresponding weft yarns after each stepwise displacement movement of the pile yarns over a ground warp yarn group extend away.

In the fabric shown in FIG. 27, both pile yarns A ' and B' are in the upper and lower parts of FIG. 27 has been moved over a common pile rod and a common ground warp yarn group. In the middle part of FIG. 27, however, the pile yarn S 'is floated under the corresponding weft yarns, namely in the present case under five weft yarn entries, so that only the one pile yarn A' forms loops, as shown in the middle part of FIG. 27 can be seen. It should be noted that when both fancy yarns have the same thickness, the density of the central part of the fabric according to FIG. 27 would be only about half the density of the top and bottom of the tissue.

In the fabric shown in Fig. 28, both pile yarns A ' and B' have been shifted back and forth over a common pile thread and a common warp yarn group within zones separated in the warp direction by a distance. Within the zone between the two mentioned zones, the pile yarn A ' is floated under corresponding weft yarns, so that only the pile yarn B' forms loops. Within another intermediate zone, the pile yarn ß 'is floated under corresponding weft yarns, so that here only the pile yarn A' forms loops.

The fabric shown in FIG. 29 is largely similar to that of FIG. 28, except that the pile yarns A ' and B' of the separate pile rods and separate ground warp yarn groups have been shifted back and forth.

In the fabric according to FIG. 30, the pile yarns A ' and B' have in each case been shifted in opposite directions to one another, each pile yarn being shifted one after the other over several pile rods and the associated ground warp yarn groups during several successive looping wefts of the loom. In other words, according to FIG. 30, the pile yarn A 'is shifted relative to the weft direction in one direction by a distance that is at least approximately equal to the center-to-center distance between three adjacent pile rolls, while at the same time the other pile yarn B' is shifted in the opposite direction by a distance that is also corresponds approximately to at least the center-to-center distance between three adjacent pile rods.

31 is similar to FIG. 26 insofar as in the upper part of FIG. 31 the pile yarns A ' and B' are shifted back and forth in the same direction over separate pile rods. In the lower part of FIG. 31, however, the two pile yarns are over several pile rods in a similar manner as in the pattern according to FIG. 30 shifted in opposite directions.

In the case of the FIG. 32, pile yarns A ' and B' have been shifted in opposite directions during each shift of the pile yarns. In the upper part of Fi g. 32 the two yarns are shifted back and forth over separate pile rods, and in the lower part of FIG. 32, each of the two yarns is shifted one after the other in one and the same direction over several pile rods.

F i g. 33 and 34 show loop pile patterns similar to those shown in FIGS. 31 and 32, except for that.

that in Fig. 33 the pile yarn B ' successively over a larger? Number of fior rods has been displaced as the pile yarn A '. In Fig. 34 the pile yarn A ' has been shifted successively over a larger number of pile rods than the pile yarn B'.

F i g. 35 shows as: a special example a fabric in which each of the pile yarns A ' and B' has been shifted simultaneously over several Fiorruten and the corresponding Gruridkettgarngruppen during a single looping weft of the loom. B. in the uppermost part of F i g. 35 that the pile yarn A ' has been shifted back and forth over a single pile rod and a single ground warp yarn group, while the pile yarn B' has been shifted over two adjacent pile rods and the associated ground warp yarn groups while the top two pile formation beats were carried out. The same also applies to the lower part of FIG. 35. On one of the strokes of the shot in the middle part of FIG. It should be noted, however, that the pile yarn A ' has been shifted over two pile rods and the associated ground warp yarn groups, while the pile yarn S' has only been shifted over a single pile rod and the associated ground warp yarn group. »5

As mentioned, it allows the device according to the invention to produce pile fabric, the one or have a plurality of pile surfaces running in the weft direction, which are separated from one or more adjacent ones Different pile surfaces with regard to their density, as shown in FIG. 26, 28 and 29 is shown. Further the pile fabric can have certain pile surfaces extending in the weft direction, within whose pile consists of different pile yarns than within other adjacent pile surfaces. For example you can create successive pile surfaces of different density by using pile loops or tufts of all pile yarns based on the warp direction within every second in the Weft-extending surface, or by making pile loops or tufts of other pile yarns only within the intervening ones extending in the weft direction in the warp direction created by spaced-apart areas, while the other pile yarns within these intermediate areas be floated.

When weaving such pile fabrics of different densities, one can produce very pleasing aesthetic effects achieve when one pile yarn of a first type through all pile yarn guides 95 or at least a group of adjacent first pile yarn guides 95 and pile yarns of a second type through all of them second pile yarn guides% or at least one group of adjacent second guides 96, which of the mentioned group of first guides 95 is adjacent. If you take z. B. assume that the pile yarn of the first kind is brown and the pile yarn of the second kind is light brown, and that each pile of pile is a pile of yarn Each of the two types is assigned so one can weave a first pile surface by making high ones Loops of pile yarns of both colors over the relevant pile rods during several pile formation wefts forms, as it is in the upper part of FIG. 27 and 28 is shown.

You can then weave a subsequent second pile area by only looping the brown ones Pile yarns generated while the light brown pile yarns in the base fabric during several pile formation wefts be floated, as shown in the middle part of FIG. 27 is shown. Now you can weave the next third pile surface in the manner described with respect to the first pile surface, whereupon the The next fourth pile surface can be woven similar to the second surface, but with the loops made of the light brown yarns and the floats are formed from the darker brown yarns. Such a Pattern formation cycle can be repeated several times if necessary.

It is obvious that the pile loops in the first and third pile areas are about twice as tight would be like the loops of pile in the second and fourth areas; though pile loops from both Colors would appear in the first and third faces, would all loops of pile be within each second areas brown and all pile loops within every fourth area light brown. The look of this Surfaces can be further improved by cutting or shearing off the pile loops. It should be noted that all floats generated in the manner described are completely underneath the weft 22a and 23a can extend as shown in Fi g. 13 and 13A is shown, or that the floats of the pile yarns of one type between the weft yarns 22a and 23a, while the floats of the pile yarns of the other kind extend below both weft yarns, as shown in FIG F i g. 14 and 14A is shown, or that the floats from the pile yarns of both types according to Fi g. 15th and 15A extend between the double wefts be able.

Pile fabric with alternating surfaces, in which the pile surfaces z. B. consist of a ^ pile yarn, while the surfaces in between are made of a different pile yarn, are similar Made by forming pile loops or tufts from one pile yarn while the other Pile yarn when weaving every other surface is floated, and adding pile loops or tufts only are formed from the other pile yarn, while the pile yarns of the first-mentioned type during the Weaving these intermediate surfaces are floated. During the weaving of the last two described Fabric types can be those areas within which certain yarns are floated while other yarns are processed into pile loops or tufts of such a length in the warp direction, that the floats formed on the lower side of the fabric bend or opposite the The underside of the fabric sags so that it can easily get caught when the pile fabric is retrofitted undergoes further treatments. According to the invention, this difficulty can thereby be largely eliminated be avoided that at least those floats that are formed from pile yarns, which are passed through the first or front pile yarn guides 95, fixed to the underside of the base fabric, with the help of other neighboring pile yarns, from which pile loops are then made simply be formed by leading these pile yarns over the underside of the floats, as shown in FIG. 20, 21 and 22 is shown.

In Fig. 20 a part of a pile fabric Fb is shown, in which the base fabric groups of ground warp yarns CI. C2 and S interwoven with weft yarns 22a and 23a provided in pairs. In the lower part of FIG. 20 you can see that

be ve be gri ge de door ge · gai gai he unc lun r

even the front of him, the one} and beauty of the, hine Bah brac the A "to, and" Grui the F away versc Web W

right Florj both rather, Florg primi Ficrg became one with ( Entry announcement

ten other pile rods and the associated warp yarn groups, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 20 it can be seen where all pile yarns A have been floated. How finally in the top part! by F ι g. To see 20, the formation of loops from the primary pile yarns A is then resumed in order to complete the floats A ″ .
From Fig. 22 it can be seen why the connection

₆ "...""_ _rr dung section ß", which is formed from each pile yarn B.

yarn and its Florruten ₀ is manufactured to and i are shifted based on the underside of the adjacent Flott Obergurig. The pile rods are shown in FIG. 20 A "away extends. According F i g. 22 will be gradually omitted 21 to the clarity of the representation lung forming the last pile loop of the pile yarn to increase, but they are g in F i. Shown 22 B above the with The volume of the pile of the two

After each displacement of each secondary pile, yarns A and B associated with one another are both arranged on yarn B in one direction or the other parallel to i _{5 on} the same side of the pile rod, and the weft yarns are both sets or layers of pile yarn guides 95 and% belonging to the weft yarns. are moved from pile yarns A and B down into the warp shed
moved in, and a weft entry 22a, 23a is in
the shed above both sets of pile yarns A, B

Both pile yarns A and B are processed into a row of double pile loops running in the weft direction, each of which extends over a ground warp yarn group. While the weaving process according to FIG. 20 progresses from bottom to top, the primary pile yarns A are floated so that they form floats A " which extend below the base fabric, while each secondary pile yarn B over the associated group of ground warp

ben or pulled out of the base fabric, while both guides in the vertical plane between two adjacent pile rods are arranged.

brought in. As seen from the middle parts of FIG. 20 20 Since the pile yarn guide 96 shown in FIG. 22 is behind 21 and 21, once more of the pile yarn guide 95 is in place, that moves

Pile yarn B to the rear and past pile yarn A , while pile yarn guide 96 is positioned over the other adjacent pile of pile shown in FIG. 22 with dashed lines

Loops of each pile yarn B that form part of an in
Form a series of loops running in the direction of the warp, reinserting each secondary pile yarn B into the warp shed. ,

is moved in downwards, until it _{is indicated below the 25} lines, is shifted to the left. Path of the needles, and a weft insertion is made in when the two pile yarn guides 95 and% according to

F i g. 22 then dip into the warp compartment, and if a corresponding weft entry into the warp compartment over

the two pile yarns A and B (Figs. 21 and 22)

the shed placed over both sets of pile yarn and the pile yarn guides 95,% turn off

pulled out of the compartment. To the floats, however. ._. _o ,

A "is connected to the underside of the base fabric, if the pile yarn A extends in accordance with, then each secondary pile yarn B is passed over a figure 20 and 21 over the connecting section B 'to another pile of pile and the associated group In the event that the floats A " have shifted a substantial ground warp yarn away, ie not over the previous length, it is obvious that each flordie pile rod and the group of ground warp yarns can alternately serve to move the yarn over which the secondary Rorgarn previously at ₃₅ apt pile yarn ßüber two adjacent Florruten when the lower part of the fabric after F i g. 20 to be arranged, so that additional has been postponed if necessary. Connecting sections B ″ along the floats A

If every secondary pile yarn B can be produced in the weft.

direction is gradually shifted to get out of this The large range of selectable patterns and

Pile yarn to form a loop over a pile of pile, ₄ o the ease with which the pattern stops 160 and

which is not the pile rod, via which, connected to the links of the pattern chains 157, loops are formed from each pile yarn B beforehand
the corresponding lower bay becomes each
Pile yarn B below the float of the relevant

I Vf I Hill UVII V ^ llv> u ^ · Ii «* w · ... w» *,. ^ ..

or can be separated from them, form advantageous features of the patterning heads according to the invention 140 and 140 '. In some cases it can

primary pile yarn A , so that from each 45, however, it may be desirable to produce a displacement device pile yarn R to use a connecting section B " of the general type as described in a middle part of the corresponding float A" USA. Patent 2860665 is described, connecting to the underside of the corresponding weft yarn insertion 22a, 23a. Then every se-

\ -i * jr - \, - 1 aiv.in.awiu nt ^ vw _v w ~ _v

this device is modified so that it enables the pivot shafts 121 according to the invention

secondary pile yarn B one in the warp direction 50 and 123 to steer in the required manner, fende row of several loops above the mentioned

In addition 12 sheets of drawings

Claims (16)

Patent claims: 1. A method for producing Fior fabrics on a loom, in which at least two Groups of pile yarns are thereby woven into a base fabric of weft yarns and base warp yarns be that the pile yarns in the weft direction of the loom over in the warp direction extending pile rods and the associated groups of ground warp yarns moved away with the pile yarns facing down into a warp thread shed between the pile rods and moving the groups of warp threads to below the path of the needles and then again be lifted to form pile loops, d a characterized in that both groups of pile yarns can be displaced independently of one another according to a pattern in the weft direction are. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a group of pile yarns over Groups of ground warp yarns moved and a second group of pile yarns at least are kept in the rest position during a weft insertion process of the loom. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that both groups of pile yarns in moved in the same direction. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that both groups of pile yarns in opposite Directions are shifted. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1, 3 or 4, characterized in that both groups of Pile yarns are shifted by equal amounts. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1, 3 or 4, characterized in that both groups of Pile yarns are shifted by different amounts. 7. The method according to any one of claims I to 6, characterized in that the pile yarns under the warp threads of the lower shed are moved. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the one group of Pile yarn to under the warp threads of the lower shed and the other group to under the warp threads of the Middle part can be moved. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that both groups of Pile yarns are moved under the warp threads of the middle shed. 10. Loom for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 6 for production of pile fabrics from ground warp yarns, weft yarns and pile yarns with a weaving reed, insertion needles, and two rows of pile yarn guides extending in the weft direction, attached to Support rails held and near their lower end are provided with thread eyelets for the pile yarns. («.! wherein the support rails are displaceable in their longitudinal direction and also driven so that the pile yarn guides are moved downwards into the shed and moved upwards again, characterized in that for driving the support rails (104, 105) for the pile yarn guides (95, 96) two pivot shafts (121, 123) which can be displaced relative to one another are provided with which the support rails (104, 105) are connected via crank arms (120, 125) and on the one hand for the vertical movement of the pile yarn guides (95, 36) together with the movement of the sheet can be pivoted a certain angle and on the other hand in front of each decline of the thread guides into the shed independently of one another according to one of the pattern devices (140, 140 ') predetermined path are axially displaceable. 11. Loom according to claim 10, characterized in that that the one pivot shaft is designed as a hollow shaft (121) in which the second Pivot shaft (123) is non-rotatable, but mounted so as to be longitudinally displaceable. 12. Loom according to one of claims 10 or 11, for performing the method according to claim 7 to 9, characterized in that for inserting the weft threads in a known per se Way a lower and an upper insertion needle (22, 23) are provided and that the pile yarn guides (95, 96) can be fixedly attached to the mounting rails (104, 105) so that they can be adjusted vertically relative to one another, that the pile yarn groups are in their lower position either individually or simultaneously under the warp thread (Ci) of the lower compartment or the threads (S) of the middle compartment. 13. Loom according to claim 12, characterized in that that on the support rails (104, 105) at different heights above the shed grooves (106, 107; 108, 109) are provided, in which optionally the pile yarn guides (95, 96) carrying, on the support rails Screw-on blocks (100, 101) with strips (102, 103) can be used. 14. Loom according to claim IO or 11, characterized characterized in that the pattern devices (140, 140 ') each have one with stops (160, 160') different Height occupied, over sprockets (155, 155 ') have a pattern chain (157, 157') which in step with the movement of the reed (20) gradually switchable and with retracted Position of the pile yarn guides (95, 96) together with their chain wheels parallel to the weft direction is displaceable so that the stops on the end faces of the pivot shafts (121, 123) to act come. 15. Loom according to claim 14, characterized in that for stepwise switching each Pattern chain (157, 157 ') a ratchet mechanism that becomes effective with each outward stroke of the pattern chain (194 to 197) is provided. 16. Loom according to claim 15, characterized in that that the ratchet gear has two on relative to the axis different sides one with a pin (195) occupied, with the drive shaft (150) of one of the chain wheels (155) connected in a rotationally fixed manner Disc (194) arranged ratchet lever (197, 216), which is controlled by a main control device (85) to reverse the direction of rotation of the pattern chain (157, 157 ') can be brought into the working position.