DE2115459A1 - Acoustically absorbing decorative fleece - with a polyester base covered by undulated polyamide or polypropylene fleece - Google Patents

Acoustically absorbing decorative fleece - with a polyester base covered by undulated polyamide or polypropylene fleece

Info

Publication number
DE2115459A1
DE2115459A1 DE19712115459 DE2115459A DE2115459A1 DE 2115459 A1 DE2115459 A1 DE 2115459A1 DE 19712115459 DE19712115459 DE 19712115459 DE 2115459 A DE2115459 A DE 2115459A DE 2115459 A1 DE2115459 A1 DE 2115459A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
fleece
surface element
element according
textile surface
shrinking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DE19712115459
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Franz Josef Dr. 5657 Haan; Droste Jürgen Dr. 6370 Oberursel Carduck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Group AG
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority to DE19712115459 priority Critical patent/DE2115459A1/en
Publication of DE2115459A1 publication Critical patent/DE2115459A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/498—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H11/00—Non-woven pile fabrics
    • D04H11/08—Non-woven pile fabrics formed by creation of a pile on at least one surface of a non-woven fabric without addition of pile-forming material, e.g. by needling, by differential shrinking
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/02—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

Decorative fleece for wall-coverings, floor coverings, articles of clothing, etc., has an undulated surface which makes it particularly suitable as an acoustically absorbing material. It has a base layer of highly stretched polyester threads covered with a persian-type undulated fleece, e.g. polyamide or polypropylene. Pref. the covering fleece consists of highly stretched, non-shrinking endless fibres, or of non- or slightly shrinkable staple fibres.

Description

Textiles flächenelement aus Faservlies Die Erfindung betrifft ein textiles Flächenelement aus Fasservlies, welches insbesondere für Dekorations-, Wandbespannungs-, Bodenbelags- und ähnliche Zwecke sowie für textile und Bekleidungszwecke verwendet kann. Textile surface element made of fiber fleece The invention relates to a textile surface element made of non-woven fabric, which is particularly suitable for decorative, Wall covering, floor covering and similar purposes, and for textile and clothing purposes can be used.

Es ist bereits bekannt, Wandelemente und Fußbodenbeläge aus Vliesen herzustellen, wobei verschiedene Vliesschichten miteinande vernadelt werden. Nachteilig weisen diese Elemente aber eine glatte Oberfläche auf.It is already known to make wall elements and floor coverings made of nonwovens to produce, whereby different layers of fleece are needled together. Disadvantageous however, these elements have a smooth surface.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein textiles Flächenelement aus Faservlies zu schaffen, welches eine gleichmäßig stark geformte bzw. gewallte Oberfläche aufweist und dadurch insbesondere für Schallschluck- und Isolationszwecke eine verbesserte Wirksamkeit aufweist. Der Oberflächeneindruck soll zudem die Verwendung für textile Zwecke, z. B. als Mantelstoff und dergl.The object of the invention is to provide a flat textile element made of fiber fleece to create, which has a uniformly strongly shaped or rolled surface and thereby an improved one, in particular for sound absorption and insulation purposes Has effectiveness. The surface impression should also be used for textiles Purposes, e.g. B. as a jacket fabric and the like.

ermöglichen.enable.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß das eingangs genannte textile Flächenelement eine Grundschicht aus einem Vlies aus hochverstreckten Polyesterfäden und eine mit dieser verbundene Deckschicht aus einem persianerartig gewellten Polyamid- bzw. Polypropylenvlies aufweist.This object is achieved in that the initially called textile surface element a base layer made of a nonwoven made of highly stretched Polyester threads and a cover layer connected to this made of a Persianer-like Has corrugated polyamide or polypropylene fleece.

Vorteilhaft kann das vlies der Deckschicht aus hochverstreckten Endlosfäden bestehen, die bei Flächengewichten bis 200 g/m² bis zu 200 Einstecken pro cm², vorzugsweise 50 bis 100 Einstiche pro cm², vorverhandelt sind. Die Vliese von Deck- bzw. der Grundschicht sind an mindestens 20 Stellen pro cm² senkrecht zur Schichtung der Vliese verlaufend mit Fäden aus der Deckschicht bzw. der Grundschicht versehen und das Vlies der Grundschicht weist vorzugsweise ein Flächengewicht von ca. 50 g pro m2 auf.The fleece of the cover layer can advantageously be made from highly drawn continuous filaments exist, with weights per unit area of up to 200 g / m² up to 200 insertions per cm², preferably 50 to 100 punctures per cm², are pre-negotiated. The fleece of the cover or the Base layer are perpendicular to the layering of the at least 20 places per cm² Nonwovens running with threads from the top layer or the base layer and provided the Fleece of the base layer preferably has a weight per unit area of approx. 50 g per m2 on.

Das Verfahren zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Flachenelementes kennzeichnet sich dadurch, daß ein leicht vorernadeltes vlies aus nicht oder wenig schrumpfenden Endlos-oder Stapelfassern (Polyamid oder Polypropylen) auf ein Polyestervliesgelegt und diese Schichtung mit mehr als 20 Einstichen pro cm2 vernadelt wird. Das so entstandene Vlies element wird einer Wärmebehandlung (Heißluft, Dampf, Heißwasser, Konvektionsschrumpfung) zwischen 100 und 140°C über einen Zeitraum von ca. 1 bis 30 Minuten ausgesetzt.The method for producing the flat element according to the invention is characterized by the fact that a lightly pre-needled fleece consists of little or no shrinking endless or staple barrels (polyamide or polypropylene) placed on a polyester fleece and this layering is needled with more than 20 punctures per cm2. The resulting Fleece element undergoes heat treatment (hot air, steam, hot water, convection shrinkage) between 100 and 140 ° C for a period of approx. 1 to 30 minutes.

Vorteilhaft wird das Vlies aus nicht schrumpfenden Endlos-oder Stapelfasern mit bis zu 60 Einstichen pro cm² vorvernadelt und das Flächengewicht dieses Vlieses kann vor-tenl haft zwischen 100 und 600 ,/m2 betragen.The fleece is advantageously made from non-shrinking continuous or staple fibers pre-needled with up to 60 punctures per cm² and the weight per unit area of this fleece can be between 100 and 600.00 per square meter.

Im folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand eines Musterstückes und zweier Zeichnungen näher beschrieben.In the following an embodiment of the invention is based on a Sample and two drawings described in more detail.

Es zeigen: Fig. 1 eine Aufsicht auf ein Vlies nach der Erfindung Fig. 2 einen Schnitt durch ein Vlies gemäß Fig. 1.1 shows a plan view of a fleece according to the invention. 2 shows a section through a fleece according to FIG. 1.

Das erfindungsgemäße textile Flächenelement besteht aus zwei miteinander vernadelten Vliesen, wobei die untere Vliesschicht aus einem Polyestervlies und die obere Vliesschicht aus einem Polypropylenvlies besteht. Die Vliesschichten bestehen jeweils aus hochverstreckten Endlosfäden, die zu Wirrvliesen abgelegt wurden. Das Vlies aus nicht oder wenig schrumpfenden Polypropylenfasern de Deckschicht mit einem Flächengewicht von 500 g/m² wird mit 60 einstichen pro cm² vorvernadelt. Das später die Grundschicht bildende Polyestervlies weists ein Flächengewicht von ungefähr 50 g/m² auf.The textile planar element according to the invention consists of two together needled fleece, the lower fleece layer made of a polyester fleece and the upper fleece layer consists of a polypropylene fleece. The fleece layers exist each made of highly drawn endless threads that were laid down to form tangled nonwovens. That Fleece made of non-shrinking or slightly shrinking polypropylene fibers de cover layer with a Surface weight of 500 g / m² is pre-needled with 60 punctures per cm². That later The polyester fleece forming the base layer has a weight per unit area of approximately 50 g / m².

Die Deckschicht und die Grundschicht des neuartigen textilen Flächenelements sind miteinander vernadelt, wobei die Einstichzalil mit abnehmendem Vliesgewicht steigt. Schwere Vliese können also gering vernadelt sein (d. h. ca. 20 Einstiche pro cm² aufweisen), und leichtere Vliese sind vorzugsweise höher zu vernadeln. Es empfiehlt sich, daß beidseitig vernadelt wird, d. h. einmal durch das spätere Oberflächenvlies und einmal durch das spätere Grundvlies hindurch. Um zu verhindern, daß die Fäden aus dem Grundvlies auf der Oberfläche des Oberflp'chenvlieses sichtbar sind, liegt eine unterschiedliche Vernadelungstiefe vor; die Vernadelung durch das Oberflächenvlies in die Grundschicht hinein geht daher tiefer ls umgekehrt.The top layer and the base layer of the new type of textile surface element are needled together, the puncture rate with decreasing fleece weight increases. Heavy fleeces can therefore be needled slightly (i.e. approx. 20 punctures per cm²), and lighter fleeces should preferably be needled higher. It it is recommended that needling is carried out on both sides, d. H. once through the later surface fleece and once through the later base fleece. To prevent the threads from the base fleece are visible on the surface of the surface fleece a different needling depth; the needling through the surface fleece the base layer therefore goes deeper than the other way round.

Das neuartige textile Flächenelement weist nach Fertigstellung eine Oberflächenriffelung mit einer Einschsnittiefe von einigen Millimetren auf. Die sich bildenden Rücken zwischen den Einschnitten sind gewellt und weisen Längen von einigen Zentimetern bis zu vielen Zentimetern auf. Die Rücken besitzen weiterhin eine ausgeprägte Schlägelform. Die Unterseite des neuartigen Flächenelements ist weitgehend glatt, wobei die Einstichlöcher der vorhergehenden Vernadelung sichtbar sind.The new type of textile surface element has a Surface corrugation with a cutting depth of a few millimeters. the ridges that form between the incisions are wavy and have lengths of a few centimeters to many centimeters. The back still own a pronounced mallet shape. The underside of the new surface element is largely smooth, with the puncture holes of the previous needling visible are.

Das Verfahren zur Herstellung des neuartigen Flächenelements ist aus der vorhergehenden Beschreibung desselben so weit ersichtlich, wie es sich ini die glatten Vliese und die Vernadelung derselben handelt. Zur Herstellung des Flächenelements selbst wird das zusammengefügte Vlies einer Nachbehandlung unter Heißluft zwischen 100 und 140°C unterwerfen. Die vorher glatten Vliese nehmen dabei eine veränderte Fern c-in, das Polyestervlies schrumpft in sich in beiden flächenhaften Dimensionen und zieht dabei das nicht schrumpfende aufliegende Polypropylenvlies zu der beschriebenen Wellenstruktur zusammen. Für den Fachmann überraschend ist die Ausbildung der gleichmäßigen und optisch ansprechenden Oberflächenform nach Art eines Persianerfelles.The process for the production of the new surface element is over the preceding description of the same as far as it can be seen in the smooth fleece and the needling of the same. For the production of the surface element the joined fleece itself is subjected to a post-treatment under hot air between Subject to 100 and 140 ° C. The previously smooth fleeces take on a modified one Fern c-in, the polyester fleece shrinks in both flat dimensions and thereby pulls the non-shrinking polypropylene fleece on top to the one described Wave structure together. The formation of the uniform is surprising for the person skilled in the art and visually appealing surface shape in the style of a Persian fur.

Claims (9)

PatentansprücheClaims 1) Teztiles Flächenelement aus Faservlies, dadurch gekenn-$zeichnet, daß es eine Grundschicht aus einem Vlies aus hochverstreckten Polyesterfäden und eine mit dieser ver bundene Deckschicht aus einem persianerartig gewellten Vlies aufweist.1) Teztiles surface element made of fiber fleece, characterized by that there is a base layer made of a fleece made of highly drawn polyester threads and a cover layer connected to this made of a Persian-like corrugated fleece having. 2) Textiles Flächenelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Vlies der Deckschicht aus hochvestreckten, nicht schrumpften Endlosfäden besteht.2) Textile surface element according to claim 1, characterized in that that the fleece of the cover layer is made of highly stretched, non-shrunk continuous filaments consists. 3) Textiles Flächenelement nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Vlies der Deckschicht aus hochvestreckten, nicht oder wenig schrumpfenden Stapelfasern besteht.3) Textile surface element according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that the fleece of the top layer consists of highly stretched, little or no shrinking Consists of staple fibers. 4) Textiles Flächenelement nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis ), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Vlies der Deckschicht mit bis zu 200 Einstichen pro cm², vorzugsweise 50 bis 100 Einstichen pro cm², vorvernadelt ist.4) Textile surface element according to claims 1 to), characterized in that that the fleece of the cover layer with up to 200 punctures per cm², preferably 50 up to 100 punctures per cm², is pre-needled. 5) Textiles Flächenelement nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an mindestens 20 Stellen pro cm², senkrecht zur Schichtung der Vliese verlaufende Fäden aus der Deckschicht in der Grundschicht und umgekehrt aus der Grundschicht in der Deckschicht vorliegen.5) Textile surface element according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that at at least 20 points per cm², perpendicular to the layering of the nonwovens Threads from the top layer in the base layer and vice versa from the base layer are present in the top layer. 6) Textiles Flächenelement nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Grundvlies ein Flächengewicht von ca. 50 g/m² aufweist.6) Textile surface element according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the base fleece has a weight per unit area of approx. 50 g / m². 7) Textiles Flächenelement nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das vlies de Deckschicht ein Flächengewicht zwischen 100 und 600 g/m2 aufweist.7) Textile surface element according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the fleece de top layer has a basis weight between 100 and 600 g / m2. 8) Verfahren zur Hestellung des textilen Flächenelementes nach einen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, daß ein Polyestervlies aus hochverstreckten Fäden und ein leicht vorvernadeltes Vlies aus hochverstreckten Fäden aus nicht oder wenig schrumpfenden Fasern aufeinanderliegend mit mehr als 20 Einstichen pro cm beidseitig vernadelt werden und die Vliese danach einer Wärmebehandlung zwischen 100 und 1400 C über einen Zeitraum von ca. 1 bis 30 Minuten ausgesetzt werden.8) Method for the production of the textile surface element according to a of the preceding claims, characterized in that a polyester fleece highly drawn threads and a lightly pre-needled fleece made from highly drawn Threads of non-shrinking or slightly shrinking fibers lying on top of one another with more than 20 punctures per cm are needled on both sides and the fleece is then subjected to a heat treatment between 100 and 1400 C for a period of approx. 1 to 30 minutes will. 9) Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Vlies aus nich-t oder wenig schrumpfenden Fasern vor dem Aufnadeln auf das Polyestergrundvlies eine Vorvernadelung von bis zu 60 Einstichen pro cm2 erfährt.9) Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the fleece made of non-shrinking or only slightly shrinking fibers before needling onto the polyester base fleece undergoes pre-needling of up to 60 punctures per cm2. L e e r s e i t eL e r s e i t e
DE19712115459 1971-03-31 1971-03-31 Acoustically absorbing decorative fleece - with a polyester base covered by undulated polyamide or polypropylene fleece Pending DE2115459A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712115459 DE2115459A1 (en) 1971-03-31 1971-03-31 Acoustically absorbing decorative fleece - with a polyester base covered by undulated polyamide or polypropylene fleece

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712115459 DE2115459A1 (en) 1971-03-31 1971-03-31 Acoustically absorbing decorative fleece - with a polyester base covered by undulated polyamide or polypropylene fleece

Publications (1)

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DE2115459A1 true DE2115459A1 (en) 1972-10-19

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DE19712115459 Pending DE2115459A1 (en) 1971-03-31 1971-03-31 Acoustically absorbing decorative fleece - with a polyester base covered by undulated polyamide or polypropylene fleece

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2430575A1 (en) * 1978-07-03 1980-02-01 Rhone Poulenc Textile Textile collector for solar energy - has black resin treated fibrous layers of different density percolated by liquid (BE 25.3.80)
WO1995005232A1 (en) * 1993-08-17 1995-02-23 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Filter media having an undulated surface
US5641555A (en) * 1993-08-17 1997-06-24 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Cup-shaped filtration mask having an undulated surface

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2430575A1 (en) * 1978-07-03 1980-02-01 Rhone Poulenc Textile Textile collector for solar energy - has black resin treated fibrous layers of different density percolated by liquid (BE 25.3.80)
WO1995005232A1 (en) * 1993-08-17 1995-02-23 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Filter media having an undulated surface
US5641555A (en) * 1993-08-17 1997-06-24 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Cup-shaped filtration mask having an undulated surface
US5643507A (en) * 1993-08-17 1997-07-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Filter media having an undulated surface
US5658641A (en) * 1993-08-17 1997-08-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Filter media haing an undulated surface
US5658640A (en) * 1993-08-17 1997-08-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Electret filter media having an undulated surface

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