DE2109691A1 - Device for profiling a surface - Google Patents

Description

BRITISH RAILWAYS BOARD, 222 Marylebone Road, London, N.W.l, England

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"Device for profiling a surface *

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The invention relates to a device for profiling a surface in particular, but not exclusively, road construction machines (strip pavers) for the production of cement-concrete pavements. Other applications of the device according to the invention take place at graders or levelers and other devices for earth moving, with which an accurate level, or _f a precisely contoured surface along a predetermined route are made 30II.

Road construction slabs are used in the manufacture of roadways used for motorways and, more recently, in the manufacture of railway lines ^ by a Bedding is made from concrete T-beams for the rails of the rail line.

Devices of this type have a dozer blade covering the upper surface of the cement-concrete layer profiled to a desired level and profile.

So far it was necessary to measure the intended route for a road and guide wires under it

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extreme accuracy for the subsequent guidance of the road construction machine and for the control of the Provide dozer blade. This preliminary survey proved to be time consuming and also as disproportionately expensive or time-consuming.

The invention is based on the object of a / ÖDerflache profiling device z. B. to provide a road construction machine that has such a control system has that the preliminary survey is less cumbersome or costly.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that a device profiling the surface has a leveling or profiling blade for profiling or leveling the surface of a roadway during the movement of the device along the roadway, which is laterally adjustable to the device, that sensing devices with the leveler - or profiling blade are arranged laterally movable in order to scan a reference line which controls the lateral position of the leveling blade during the movement of the device along the roadway, that means are provided for lateral adjustment of the leveling blade in order to keep the sensing devices centered on the reference line, that programmed control means, which are driven synchronously with the device moving along the roadway, are provided in order to move the sensing devices laterally to the blade, the subsequent lateral adjustment of the leveling part by the actuating means to adjust the sensors facilities in your

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centered on the reference line, which changes the mutual lateral position of the leveling part relative to the reference line.

With such a controlled adjustment of the sensing means to the leveling part according to a predetermined one The program can, together with a straight reference line, follow the dozer blade "ζ. Β. A curve, when the machine is moving forward. By means of suitable control means for the level, according to the invention the inclination or position of the dozer blade can be controlled to give the dozer blade a for a desired one To give the slope or slope of the profile the necessary slope.

According to the invention, the sensing means can be a photocell arrangement and the reference line can be suitable Way can be given by a laser beam.

Further advantages and features of the invention are illustrated by means of two exemplary embodiments in the schematic Drawing explained in more detail. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a, rear view of a first embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a device according to the invention according to Fig. 1,

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3 shows a schematic representation of the mode of operation a device according to the invention,

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the profiling or leveling blade of the device, with a device arranged on it for scanning a reference line,

5 shows the adjustment of the units scanning the reference line relative to the dozer blade,

6 shows a programmed control arrangement for the adjustment of the reference line scanning Units to the dozer blade,

7 is a view showing a lateral positioning arrangement for the dozer blade of a second embodiment, and

Fig. 8 is a view showing the vertical control of the blade and the horizontal and vertical adjustment of the sensing means to the blade of the second embodiment shows.

According to FIGS. 1 to 6, there is a road processing machine in the first embodiment from an aweainem on crawler tracks 1 moving vehicle with a power station 2 and a cab J. The device is driven in a manner known per se by means of a motor. The multi-gym 2 and that Cab 3 are supported by cross tube beams 4 and 5 held, 'which are extendable to change the width of the device. The ends of the cross tube supports 4 and are arranged on side supports 6 and 7, the

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Via hydraulic lifting devices or working cylinders 8 and 9 are held on side structures Io and 11. It's a pair of hydraulic Working cylinders 8 are present, which are arranged between the support 6 and the side structure Io, and a pair of hydraulic rams 9 interposed between the beam 7 and the side structure are arranged. The side structures Io and are similar to each other and are from the axes the impellers 12 and Ij5 on each side of the device carried.

A dozer blade I5 is on the cross tube supports 4 and 5 arranged hanging by means of arms 14, the hanging arrangement a controlled lateral movement of the dozer blade I5 relative to the crawlers 1 by means of hydraulic working cylinder 16, which is between the dozer blade and the lateral Superstructures are arranged, allows. It can be seen that the working height of the dozer blade I5 by the simultaneous raising and lowering of the four lifting devices or working cylinders 8 and 9 controlled can be. The position d. H. the level or inclination of the dozer blade I5 across the

Device can be actuated differently *

the lifting devices / and 9 can be controlled. The position of the dozer blade I5 in the longitudinal direction can by operating the rear lifting devices 8 and 9 and the front lifting devices differently 8 and 9 can be controlled. If the width of the device by adjusting the Cross tube support 4 and 5 is changed, the

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Dozer blade I5 against another to the new one Width of the device-adapted dozer blade replaced.

When operating a device according to the invention, a concrete mix is in front of the upward Front side of the dozer blade I5 heaped up, whereby the pile of concrete is continuously driven by a vibrator, not shown, attached to the front of the Device is arranged, is moved so that the mixture remains flowable. As soon as the device Moved forward, the concrete mix flows below the leveling blade I5, the lower face the dozer blade I5 slides over the concrete mix, so that the concrete bed produced in this way has a smooth surface that by the position of the dozer blade by means of the lifting devices 8 and 9 is predetermined. The leveling plate has lateral head pieces / which the concrete mix to an area below the leveling plate 15 and which the side edges of the concrete bed.

The starting lateral position and the height of the dozer blade are determined by means of a wire 18, which serves as a reference line. which is arranged along the measured route which the device is to follow. The wire of Reference line 18 is stretched taut between girders I9 (Pig. 3), so that he in a curve of the road a Sequence of chords 2o forms the curve 21, which runs parallel to the desired curve 22, which forms the adjacent band of the concrete bed, the height of the

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Serving as a reference line wire 18 is predetermined such that it has all the desired slopes for the surface of the concrete bed follows.

The crawlers 1 of the device become automatic controlled by the wire 18 serving as a reference line in a manner known per se, so that the device follows the desired course of the concrete bed with some accuracy. In addition to this Coarse control becomes a pain control by the

Adjustment of the dozer blade 15 by means of a ge ^

controlled lateral adjustment as well as an adjustment made according to the height. For this purpose, as shown in Fig. 4, a fork-shaped sensor 25 comprises the reference wire 18 for lateral control; a fork-shaped sensor 26 comprises the reference wire for controlling the level or the working height. The sensors 25 and 26 are attached to the ends of curved lever arms 27, 28 which are rotatably mounted at points 29 and 50 on the dozer blade 15 and carry short cross members 3I and J> 2kxi at their ends adjacent to the dozer blade 15. With a lateral movement of the dozer blade 15 to the reference wire 18, the cross member 5I ″ on the lever arm 27 moves along an arc, which is represented by arrows 33; with a vertical movement of the dozer blade 15 / to the reference line, the cross member 32 moves up the lever arm arcuate, as indicated by the arrows 3 ^.

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The movement of the cross member 31 is by means of a Sensing unit 35 and the movement of the cross member are scanned by means of a similar sensing unit 36.

As is readily apparent from FIG. 5, each

". ,,,,, ^", _n ,,. , ... to " where an air flow sensing unit flows a pair of parallel air nozzles / between lines 37 and 138 and another air flow between lines 39 and Ko . For a precise lateral position and a precise height adjustment of the dozer blade I5 in relation to the reference wire 18, the cross members 3I and 32 are centered between the air flows of the sensing units 35 and 36.

In the event of a lateral movement of the dozer blade relative to the reference wire 18, the interrupts Cross member 31 one or the other air flow; this triggers an output signal from the sensing unit 35, which sets the adjusting device 16 in action to move the blade I5 sideways in the correct sense to move to center the cross member 3I again between the air currents. In a similar way has a vertical movement of the dozer blade I5 relative to the reference wire 18 according to an output signal of the sensing unit 36 that the lifting devices and 9 operates to move the blade I5 vertically in the correct direction so that the Cross member 32 is centered again between the air currents of the sensing unit 36.

The transverse inclination of the dozer blade is controlled by means of a similar sensing unit 41, which scans the position of a cross member 42 which is arranged at the lower end of a pendulum 43 which is rotatably arranged at point 44 on the dozer blade I5. Provided,

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That the dozer blade is to be kept horizontal in the transverse direction, the cross member 42 is centered between the air flows when the dozer blade is aligned horizontally, if the position of the dozer blade deviates from the horizontal position, the cross member 42 interrupts one or the other air flow. This has the consequence that the sensing unit 41 emits an output signal, on the 9 to operate the lifting devices 8 one side or the lifting devices ^a uf the other side of the device to the cross member 42 to center again. It will be ä

advised that in the event that the air currents to the dozer blade as a result of a Rotation of the lines 37 to 4o by a predetermined one Angle about the pivot point 44 are shifted, the blade 15 an inclination in the transverse direction a corresponding angle is given, since the sensing unit 41 the cross member 42 between the air currents seeks to keep centered as a result of the feedback of the lifting devices 8 and 9.

To control the longitudinal position of the dozer blade according to the invention is a similar arrangement as for the Position in the transverse direction provided, however '

the pendulum swings in the longitudinal direction of the dozer blade 15. As a modification of this, this process can be ^{controlled by means of yliunTer 3,} which are arranged on the front and rear of the dozer blade, with one sensor controlling the rear lifting devices 8 and 9 and the other controlling the lifting devices 8, 9 at the front.

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With the arrangement described above, the lateral position and the level of the dozer blade follow the reference line 18 and consequently the concrete bed follows a route parallel to the chord sections 2o, as shown in FIG. However, especially when making a concrete bed, which should form the bedding for rails of a rail line, a much greater accuracy necessary. For this reason it is necessary that the routing, the shorter reference sections 46 shown in Fig. 3 follows. To the Arranging reference wire 18 to follow curve 21 as closely as necessary is one very complex and time-consuming measurement necessary. To avoid this, one is programmed Control arrangement provided so that as the machine advances along the line, a Sequence of staggered control movements relative to the reference wire 18 are given to the blade 15; the lateral position of the dozer blade 15 therefore follows the shorter tendon sections 46. A similar one programmed control arrangement is provided for controlling the vertical height position of the blade 15, so that, for example, a slope can be provided in the surface while the wire 18 is horizontal remains arranged.

A programmed control for the lateral position of the blade 15 is programmed by means of a Adjustment of the sensing unit 35, d. i.e., the parallel Air currents made around the pivot point 29, so that the successive side loads

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Movements of the dozer blade I5 for centering the cross member 3I between the air currents causes the necessary displacement movements of the dozer blade relative to the reference wire 18. A programmed control of the vertical position of the dozer blade I5 is carried out in a similar manner by means of a programmed adjustment of the sensing device 36 about the axis of rotation * So . A similar programmed side roll control of the blade I5 can be
carried out in this way by means of a programmed adjustment of the sensing unit 41 about the axis of rotation 44 | that as the device moves along the track, the inclination of the dozer blade I5 becomes the desired incline or slope of the concrete bed
generated.

The programmed control of the lateral position of the leveling plate I5 is hereinafter referred to
to Figs. 5 and 6 explained.

As can be seen from FIG. 5, the tubes 37 are
to 4o of the sensing device 35, which emits two air streams, arranged on frame parts 48 and 49, which are attached to a quarter circle part 50. The i

Part 5o is mounted on a shaft 5I of an electric motor, the motor shaft 5I in the direction of The axis of rotation 29 for the lever arm 27 lies so that an actuation of the motor causes a rotation of the sensing devices 35 about the axis 29 causes. Pressing of the motor 52 is controlled by means of a timing element 54

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controlled, whereby the electric motor is a reduction

51 has gear, such that the shaft within only makes a very small angular movement for a few seconds.

With reference in particular to FIG. 6, it can be seen that the motor 52 is controlled by means of the timer 5 ^ takes place through a perforated strip 55, which has two channels or rows of holes, one for control the rotary movement of the sensing device - 35 in one Direction and the other to control the rotational movement of the sensing device 35 in the opposite direction Direction serves.

The punched tape 55 is moved from a drum 56 to a drum 57 in synchronism with the movement of the machine and arrives at a probe head 58 for one row of holes and a probe head 59 for the other row of holes. The sensors or the probes 58 and 59 each have aligned air pipes 60 and 61, the probe 58 being supplied with air via a line 62 and the probe 59 via a line 63. In this way, each probe emits an air flow from its air pipe 60, which is interrupted by the punched tape, with the exception of the case that a punched hole ^ 8M ^c R§ßren 60 and 6l / z \ i comes. When there is a punched hole between tubes 60 and 61, the flow of air is picked up by tube 61 and allows an air signal or pulse to pass through pressure responsive unit 64, in the case of probe 58, and through

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Pressure responsive unit 65 in the case of the probe head

As soon as the pressure-sensitive unit 64 registers a pulse, the timer 54 is for one A predetermined period of time actuated, which triggers a start-up of the motor 52 for this period of time and therefore the sensing device 35 a rotary movement by one can execute predetermined angle in one direction around the axis. Similarly if turns the pressure sensitive unit 65 detects a pulse, but the motor 52 detects the same angle in the opposite direction.

A rotation of the sensing device 35 *, for example clockwise, as shown in FIG. 5, interrupts the left air flow between the tubes 37 and 38 through the cross member 3I; this is registered by a switch 66 which responds to pressure. The pressure-responsive switch 66 generates an electrical output signal which actuates a solenoid valve to actuate the hydraulic lifting device 16 and move the blade 15 in the direction that the sensing device 35 brings the cross member 31 back into its central position between the air jets . Similarly, a counter-clockwise movement of the sensing device 35 is registered by a pressure-responsive switch 6 ¹ J , which triggers a subsequent lateral movement of the leveling plate 15 so that the cross member is centered again between the air jets of the sensing unit 35.

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The programmed control arrangement for the sensing devices 56 and 41 is similar Press responsive switches corresponding to switches 66 and 67 which provide the required controls of lifting devices 8 and 9 trigger. The programmed control of the three sensing devices 35, 36 and 41 takes place in an advantageous manner by means of a single band or strip with a corresponding number of channels, d. H. a corresponding Number of rows of holes. One or more further rows of holes can be provided as a zero line, so to speak, so that backlash of the motor 52 is counteracted will.

As mentioned above, the movement of the strip 55 is synchronized with the movement of the device. In order to avoid deviations in the synchronization, the drive for the punched tape has a so-called NuI! device 68 on which the punched tape according to what can be moved, but then switches off the drive by pressing a microswitch. The drive of the strip cannot be started again until the machine has reached a point in a sequence of Reference points, for example, on the reference wire 18 has reached or passed. If consequently the tape or the strip is in exact synchronization with the movement of the device, the microswitch becomes actuated at exactly the same time when the device passes a reference point, so no noticeable The punched tape drive is interrupted.

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The one in the Pig. The machine illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8 may have the general construction of the road construction machine as illustrated in FIGS. The road finisher has a leveling blade 71 which brushes over the surface of the concrete-cement mixture and which can be adjusted horizontally to the side of the machine by means of a hydraulic slide arrangement 72 between the main part 73 of the device and the leveling blade 71. A coarse control of the device and hence of the blade 71 is performed by means of a lh FUhrungsdrahtes which is scanned by means of a known I sensor 75 miles. Since the guide wire 7 ^ is only used for rough control, it does not have to be arranged with high accuracy; this reduces the measurement time.

The high accuracy or fine control of the dozer blade 71 takes place by means of a laser beam 76, which is emitted by a laser mounted on a trestle and which shines on a filling device, which are arranged as subdivided photocells. 77 on the dozer blade 71. As can be seen from Fig. 8, the photocell 77 is vertical and horizontal relative to the leveling plate by means of hydraulic cylinders 78 * and 79 arranged to be adjustable.

At a certain position of the hydraulic cylinder 78 and 79 moves the planer blade 71 while the device moves along the predetermined course under the guidance of the wire 75, in such a way Position that the laser beam 76 does not continue to hit the photocell 77 is centered; Feedback signals from the photocell 77 trigger actuation of the working cylinders

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and / or 80 out to the dozer blade 7I to such To adjust the amount and in such a direction, so that the beam 76 is centered on the photocell 77 again. In this way a predetermined mutual position between the photocell 77 and the laser beam 76 and consequently also between the Dozer blade 71 and the laser beam 76 complied with.

If the position of the photocell 77 ^{to the} dozer blade 7I is intentionally changed by actuating the working cylinder 73 and / or *, a subsequent adjustment of the dozer blade 71 by means of the adjusting devices 72 and / or 80 in order to center the laser beam 76 on the photocell 77 again, the Relationship between the beam 76 and the dozer blade Thus, for example, if the working cylinders 16 and 79 are controlled by means of a perforated strip with the aid of a flow controller, the dozer blade Jt can follow a predetermined curved path relative to a straight laser beam.

A control of the gradient and the inclination can be incorporated into the control device by Control devices for the corresponding layers of the same type as those in connection with the Figures 1 to 6 are described, can be used.

Expectations -

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Claims (1)

Expectations 1J device for profiling a surface, characterized in that a profiling or leveling blade is provided which profiles the surface of a roadway while the device moves along the roadway, because the leveling blade is arranged laterally adjustable on the device, because ^ B Sensing devices are arranged laterally displaceably with the dozer blade in order to scan a reference line which controls the lateral position of the dozer blade during the movement of the device along the road section, since actuating means are provided for the lateral adjustment of the dozer blade in order to keep the guide lines centered on the reference line and dai3 \ programmed control means are provided which are in synchronism with the movement of the apparatus along the roadway driven relative to the laterally moving the sensing means to the blade, wherein the subsequent lateral displacement of the blade by the actuating means, for centering the sensing means relative to the reference line, changes the mutual position between the lateral position of the dozer blade and the reference line. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensing devices generate a pair of parallel air flows between which reference means are centered, an interruption of one of the two air flows by the reference means causing a lateral adjustment of the blade by the actuating means center the reference means again between the air currents. ^. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the leveling blade can be adjusted vertically to the device in order to predetermine the vertical distance of the leveling blade to the reference line, that second sensing devices are provided to touch a reference line and that are arranged vertically movable with the leveling blade. daΛ actuating means for vertical adjustment of the BAD ORlGtNAL 109838/1210 Dozer blades are provided to the second. Leading agent to the To keep the reference line centered ', and da. "3 zv; oite programmed Control devices are provided to adjust the second sensing means vertically to the blade, wooei the following vertical adjustment of the dozer blade by the actuating means, for centering the second sensing means relative to the reference line, the vertical position of the leveling blade in relation to the reference line changes. 4. Apparatus according to claim j5, characterized in that the da.3 second sensing means create a pair of parallel air currents, between arranged which the second reference means is / is centered, v / o in the event of an interruption one of the two air flows through the second reference means a vertical adjustment of the dozer blade by actuation £ medium causes the second reference medium to be centered again between the air flows. 5. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the transverse position of the dozer blade can be changed relative to the device, that third sensing means are provided which move with the dozer blade in order to scan a reference line which shows the transverse inclination of the dozer blade determines that actuating means are arranged to change the lateral position of the blade to keep the third sensing means centered on the reference line, and that third programmed control means are arranged to move the third sensing means relative to the blade, the subsequent adjustment of the Dozer blade in the transverse direction for centering the third Fühirmittelel relative to the reference line, a change in its transverse position or the reference line triggers. 6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the reference means comprises a pendulum which is suspended in such a way that it swings transversely to the dozer blade and that its deflection in each direction from the vertical by the third sensing means. is detected. BATH 109838 / 121Ö 2109 (591 J. Device according to claim b, characterized in that the third filling means produce a pair of parallel air jets between which the pendulum is centered, since ... an interruption of one of the negative air flows by the pendulum causes an adjustment of the transverse position of the dozer blade Center the pendulum again between the air currents. o «ge device according to one or more of the preceding claim characterized, - :. hen ze ichnet _f dai the blade a Planierpiatte for leveling the surface of a otra;. e comprises means of one of its faces, its location DA relative to the longitudinal direction of the device veränderoar is, because 3 fourth guiding devices are provided, Λ which move with the dozer blade in order to scan a reference line which determines the position of the dozer blade in the longitudinal direction, aa .. actuating means are provided to pivot the dozer blade in the longitudinal direction of the device, to keep the fourth sensing means centered relative to a reference, and that fourth programmed oi control means are provided to move the fourth sensing means relative to the blade, v; ouei the subsequent pivoting movement of the blade in the longitudinal direction to center the fourth Fühimittei relative to the reference line, a change of its position in the longitudinal direction with respect to the Be pull line triggers. 9. Apparatus according to claim ö, characterized in that j. the Reference means comprises a pendulum which is suspended in such a way that it swings longitudinally to the blade, and its deflection in each direction from the vertical from the fourth Fühi-IBi t te in is determined « Device according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that one or more of the first, second, third and fourth programmed control means form a programmed strip 109 8 38/1210 BAD OFHGlNAL or have a program tape that is synchronized with the movement of eggs Device is moved along a road section - 11. The device according to claim lo, characterized in that »dlaJB « ier »programmed strips. Is punched tape, and that the means for sensing a hole in the punched tape have a pair of Dfeeia, between which the punched tape is passed through between which an air stream flows when a perforation sieta see the two nozzles is located. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that ,, diaJS; do ™ sensing Derar ^ are adapted to each time make a Aiisgangssignal when a Lachwng is sen between the ©©, wherein the output signal actuates an electric motor, NAIT which the sensing means are connected to a movement relative zw. the blade to execute. Device according to claim 12, characterized by a bucket 2e3.1t switch which is triggered by the output signal and actuates a over tor for a predetermined time and thereby triggers a movement of the sensing means relative to the dozer blade. 14. Device according to one of claims 11 to 1 → 5, characterized characterized in that a pair of rows of holes is provided, that each row tone is scanned an associated detector, EIAA detector rotation of the motor, and consequently a movement öear sensing means to the blade in one direction. " When the other detector triggers a rotation of the motor and consequently a movement of the sensing means relative to the dozer blade in that direction. 15 · Device according to one of the claims Io to 14, dadurcia characterized in that at least the first and second progransiiiei-th "control means have a common program or programmierisea tape strips. 109838/1210 Ιό. TTiDrriehtung according to one of claims Io to 14, characterized in that the -strip is arranged or designed in such a way that it is moved synchronously with the operation during a predetermined movement xind then stopped, Ms an external zero setting is applied to drive the strip back into relation set. 17. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuating means raise hydraulic cylinders which are controlled by the peeling devices by means of solenoid valves. 109838/1210 BATH ORIGINAL TO, Blank page