DE2057654A1 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

G 47 517 -su

Angel LOPEZ YEBRA-PIMENTEL, Hermosilla 7, MADRID - Spain

Internal combustion engine

The invention relates to a novel internal combustion engine without a connecting rod or crankshaft. The characteristics this machine are presented below on the basis of an analysis of the manner in which the movement of reciprocating machines commonly transmitted is shown.

It is known that in Koloenmaschinen the reciprocating Movement of the piston must be converted into a continuous circular movement. The one usually used for this purpose The mechanism used is the connecting rod crankshafts system, and it is the object of the present invention to .ein to create another system which, while avoiding the connecting rod and crankshaft, transmits the movement mib a straight sheep or a straight rod, which means ο ine iiüiho of Nachbellen düü cranked crank shaft system be avoided.

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2057G54

This object is achieved in that on lower end of a koloen rod connected to the piston is an elongated, the Kurt) el rod of common Verürennkraftraaschinen Replacing drive element is attached, soft in its lower level to one, the crankshaft more common Combustion engine replacing rotor attacks, which forms a fixed unit with the driven, / eile, wouei the rotor has a thickness which is equal to the width of the drive element and a length which is slightly greater than that of the Drive element is, has, and that devices for maintenance a continuous attack d'3s drive element on Rotor are provided, which has a vacuum chamber in the lower chamber of the cylinder, a mechanical coupling of both parts or the combination of a vacuum chamber and a mechanical coupling.

The device is thus made up of two essential parts, which are named in the following drive element and rotor. The drive element, which inevitably follows a predetermined path (by the piston), is attached to the piston, imd transmits the impulses of the piston to the rotor, which in turn can move the drive element, thus replacing the Connecting rod. The one rigidly connected with a straight line Rotor replaces the crank shaft.

The invention is described below with reference to the description of Embodiments in connection with the drawing in more detail explains, namely shows:

Fig. 1 shows a cross section of an inventive, as Single-cylinder machine designed incineration. ; u engine;

IVig. 2 is a plan view of a drive mechanism. onion fc der er - ["according to iridation en combustion:. ^ i \ "i'Lu. ■ j chi tie;

i''ig. 3 is an enlarged view of the previous Liiduu _; '; doc, KoI hoiui taugonfußoii and the Aut L'U'biio.L.'UU'iiL:. ;;

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BATH ORIGINAL

4 shows a section through one of the machines according to FIG

Fig. 1 corresponding single-cylinder machine, but with an enlarged drive element works on two rotors;

5 shows a longitudinal section through the shafts of the rotors the machine according to Fig. 4>

a position of the rotors of the machine 4 and 5 immediately after the start of the working stroke of the machine;

another, as a four-cylinder in-line machine designed embodiment of the invention Internal combustion engine;

an embodiment as a four-cylinder boxer ilis chine;

a schematic front view of a drive element and a rotor in the bottom dead center position; and

a schematic side view of the drive element and the rotor of FIG. 9 in the upper Dead center position.

Pig.

Fig.

Fig. 8

Fig.

1 shows a cross section through a single-cylinder machine along a plane perpendicular to the axis, and in the drawing shows the cylinder, the piston Q, the drive element 2-2 and the rotor A B F G D E.

The cylinder, which is closed on both sides, is divided into two chambers by the piston Represents the combustion chamber, while the lower chamber is a vacuum chamber whose vacuum is created by piston Q during its upward movement caused by the rotor. The vacuum chamber ensures that the drive element is in permanent contact with the rotor and replaces the pulling force of the crank rod during the suction process. she has two valves G and H, the first of which, the air inlet valve, is adjustable, thereby providing control of the vacuum is possible. The second, non-adjustable valve, is the air outlet valve. A stuffing box I forms a hermetic one

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Poetry. The piston is of the usual design, although it only needs the exact diameter to be perfect Achieve sealing.

The effect of the vacuum chamber can also be completed or even completely replaced by a mechanical coupling between the drive element and the rotor. In order to allow a better understanding of the invention, however, the Function of the internal combustion engine according to the invention explained on the basis of different possible embodiments, wherein it is assumed that it has one vacuum chamber per cylinder in all cases. Then details are then given on the formation of the mechanical coupling between the drive element and the rotor and the given thereby Possibilities indicated.

The drive element is, as can be seen from Fig. 2, formed by a U-shaped component, of which a plan view ABCD can be seen. Its length is slightly larger than the diameter of the trajectory of the rotor, and its width corresponds the thickness of the rotor. On its sides it has a channel of dovetail shape, or some other shape that fulfills this purpose, whereby it can be connected to the foot of the piston rod, so that both parts with the piston one Form unity. Section E-F shows a side view of this complex. Fig. 3 is an enlarged view the connection of both parts. The lower level is the level of contact with the rotor or rotors.

The rotor is formed by two circular sections of an eccentric with a large radius, which are delimited by two circular sectors on opposite sections, depending on the design. The curvatures of the segments and sectors are tangential at the points of contact, creating an oval shape. In the embodiment according to FIG

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ABCDE the one delimited by sectors A or B and G or D. Rotor, while the segments are formed by the lines XAEBX and XBFCI ₁ . The axis of the eccentric igt O. The radius is Y E. The center path iat YBfL, the eccentricity is 0 Y. The design is very simple; the position of the eccentric is drawn from point Y on the center path, the segment XAEDL being used, and from point Y-, which is a point diametrically opposite point Y on the same center path, the opposite section is drawn, of which the segment is drawn XBFGX is used. To delimit them by the mentioned sectors, hit the radius of the eccentric YA and the radius Y * B and the point 0 where they intersect is the center of the sector A or B. Using the same procedure for points C and D. the point O _{1 is obtained} for the sector G or D, whereby the figure is then formed in the manner discussed. The rotor can also be formed from the two segments if this appears advisable.

How it works In Fig. 1, the position 1-1 of the drive element is the lowest piston position and the dead position. if the rotor is moved in the direction of the arrow, becomes the drive element and the piston because of the properties of the eccentric raised. When the position 2-2 is reached, this movement is continued until the angle is increased the maximum height is reached, which is reached when the axis of the piston and the main axis of the rotor coincide, which then represents the highest piston position and the top dead center position. That of the piston during its ascent After the neutral position has been passed through, the vacuum generated by the lower level causes the Drive element on the rotor, which sets it in rotation so that a downward movement until it returns to the starting point in position 1-1. In this way a reciprocating motion becomes a rotation

109825/1297

generated around 18O where a new cycle on the other side of the rotor begins. The movement is accelerated at the beginning and continues to increase until a maximum is reached, whereupon it drops again until it becomes zero. It can be viewed as changing equally. The diagram of this movement becomes a sine-like curve with two branches for the upward movement and a symmetrical curve for the downward movement, the axis of symmetry coinciding with the axis of the piston.

At first glance, the drawings will reveal disadvantages which make the system hardly usable in practice make, with reference to the following drawings, however, the problem of overcoming these disadvantages is explained in more detail.

4 shows a section through a machine according to Pig. 1, in which, however, the force generated by the Koloen is exerted on a drive element of greater length, which is in contact with two rotors, which are fastened to two parallel, oppositely rotating valves. These two waves lie in the same line, with the line parallel to the line of the drive element. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section through these shafts, in which the rotors and the gear wheels can be seen, which combine the two forces or moments. The shaft U is the main shaft of the machine, which transmits the total power of the machine, and the shaft IL is an auxiliary shaft, the moment of which is transmitted to the main shaft by means of a gear Z. which meshes with another, same gear Z, both on attached to the associated shafts. The division of the two rotors XX * and Y can also be seen in FIG. 5, and the manner in which they intersect. By pulling the shafts apart, it is also possible to make the two rotors slide, but this leads to an extension of the drive; elements, with the disadvantages of a larger volume and a;

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Increase in inertia occur in the drive element-piston complex «The sequence of movements corresponds to the previously described new sequence of movements, but with the movement of the main shaft ü (Fig. 4) in the same way the auxiliary shaft e U ^ starting from position 1- 1 (dead center position for both rotors) is moved, and after overcoming this position, two forces act on the drive element (position 2-2), each of which is on one side of the piston axis / and the same distance from the piston, so that the resulting Force coincides with the piston axis. Since the radii of the rotors and their speed are the same, the contact points on the drive element of the rotor are the same and constant on each side during the movement, and therefore the resultant of the forces also remains constant. In this way, both the transverse forces in the piston and in the drive element and the pressures on the sides of the drive element are balanced during the transmission of the movement. When the position 3-3 is reached, the rotors are in position R and S, the top dead center position, which represents the end of the compression period. After this position has been passed, the working pressure of the expanding gas acting on the piston transfers its force to the drive element, which as shown in FIG. This piston force (vector F) is divided into two equal and parallel forces (vectors FI and F-2) which act at the contact points of the drive element and the rotors. These two forces are in turn broken down into two further forces at the same points, one of which runs radially and the other tangentially (vectors F-3, F-4 'and F-5, F-6), the tangential forces being one Return of the rotors to the starting point for the start of a new work cycle. The system is now fully illustrated for one cylinder, and the puncturing of the system would also be fully explained if the cylinders had to be aligned with the birds; but since

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8AD ORiGlNAL

different construction options can be implemented, a more detailed explanation seems appropriate «The structural designs can be divided into three groups: 1. cylinders are in line with the waves; 2. the cylinders are in Aligned with the drive element, and 3 · the cylinders are aligned with the drive element and then again aligned with it the waves. The cylinders that are in alignment with the drive element work and in which two or more cylinders are provided on each side of their center at the same distance from this (see Fig. 7), work in pairs 1-4 and 2-3, and for efficient machine functioning and avoidance the mistake that the pressure in both combustion chambers is not the same, it is advisable to establish a connection between the two chambers to avoid imbalances resulting from ignition, gasification of gases or the like Because the pressurized gases have a high speed this connection ensures the same pressure in both chambers. Therefore, in Figure 7, cylinders 1-4 are across the passage A B and cylinders 2-3 are connected via passage C D. The from the piston 2-3 under the influence of the pressure of the expanding Gas generated force has a resultant (vector F), which acts at point E on the drive element, whereby this Point equidistant from the piston rods of both pistons, and this force F is decomposed in the same way as this has been described in connection with the single cylinder machine. In the event that pistons 1-4 perform the expansion stroke, the conclusions are identical.

If the shafts lie in the same vertical plane, the planes of contact of the drive element or the drive elements must with the rotors also in a vertical direction and parallel to the plane of the shafts, and the cylinders and pistons remain in a horizontal position. This case is shown in FIG. This figure represents one of the earlier figures analog section, in which, however, the waves U and U. in lying on a vertical plane, four in pairs

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_ 9 -

Cylinders 1-2 and 3-4 face each other in a horizontal plane, on each side of the plane of the waves U undlL are two cylinders, two drive elements, of each of which one is provided for each pair of pistons, and, ν in the previous cases, two rotors are provided. If the four cylinders work at the same speed during their four strokes, then the drawing can be under Consideration of the statements about the decomposition of the forces can be seen that with every explosion a couple of forces acts in each of the rotors so that the shafts U and IL do not have to absorb more than the corresponding torsional stress.

The invention can, as mentioned earlier, with respect to the means for maintaining a sustained attack modified the drive element on the rotor or the rotors will.

One such fundamental change is that the Drive element is provided with means for mechanical coupling with the rotor or rotors, so that the vacuum chamber can be omitted.

In the specific case of this modification, two cylindrical pins are provided at the ends of the rotor or rotors, which have the same diameter as that connecting the segments of the eccentric at their opposite sections Have circular sectors.

The drive element for its part, which is always a rigid one Component is provided on its underside with two flanges bent in the direction of the vertical shaft of the rotor. The pins of the rotor or rotors grip more easily between these flanges and the upper sliding plane Friction a.

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- ίο -

The presented idea is explained in more detail in connection with FIGS. 9 and 10 for a better understanding. Fig. 9 shows a schematic front view of a drive element and a rotor in the bottom dead center. In dashed lines, the position of both elements is in the top dead center indicated. Fig. 10 is a side view of the drive element and the rotor in the upper dead position. In the figures the various reference symbols denote the following components:

1. drive element;

2. rotor;

3. lower flanges bent at their outer ends in the direction of the vertical shaft of the rotor the drive element;

4. cylindrical pins of the rotor;

5. The rotor shaft.

It can be seen that, as described above, the rotor 2 ^ ⁰ - at its ends has pins 4, and that the pins during the upward and outward movement of the piston in the between the bent flanges 3 on the underside of the drive element 1 to engage the cavity formed by the opposing flanges.

So it is clear that with this additional design the downward movement is initiated mechanically, wooei it is possible, depending on requirements, to approach the vacuum chamber to do without it or not, and it is also possible to convert the vacuum chamber into a combustion chamber if so desired.

The other components of the engine, such as ζ ο B. the carburetor, the Gearbox housing, the valves, the injection pump, etc. are not described because it is common, if necessary to adapt to the new and different construction

109825/1297 BAD OBiQiNAL

- 11 modified components can be used.

The embodiment according to the invention described has one of advantages: 1. It is simpler because it reduces the number of components; 2. It is lighter with the same performance because it doubles the number of explosions and does not require counterweights on the crankshaft; 3. it has a smoother movement; 4. The fuel consumption is reduced because resistance forces, such as the pressure of the piston against the cylinder walls, or the inertia of the bearing eyes of the connecting rod and the like, are eliminated; 5. it has fewer defects; 6. the service life is increased because the cylinders no longer need to be ground; 7 ° it is possible to produce more different designs, which can be selected in each case according to the scope of the location or the application for which the design is intended.

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Claims (8)

- 12 claims (i / single or multi-cylinder, as a piston machine without without Internal combustion engine formed by connecting rod and crankshaft, characterized in that at the lower end one An elongated piston rod connected to the piston replaces the connecting rod of conventional internal combustion engines Drive element (e.g. 1 in Figs. 9 and 10) is attached, which in its lower plane to one, the crankshaft conventional internal combustion engines replacing rotor (e.g. in Fig. 9 and 10) attacks, which is a fixed unit with the shaft to be driven (e.g. 5 in Figs. 9 and 10), where the rotor has a thickness which is equal to the width of the drive element and a length which is slightly greater than that of the drive element, and that means for upright maintaining a permanent attack on the drive element are provided on the rotor, the a vacuum chamber (V in Fig. 1 and 4) in the lower chamber of the cylinder, a mechanical Have coupling (3 »4 in Fig. 9 and 10) both parts or the combination of a vacuum chamber and a mechanical coupling. 2. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that that the connection between the piston rod and the drive element by a dovetail coupling (E, F in Fig. 3) will be produced. 3. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotor has a special, of two opposing circular arc segments (X, A, E, D, X ₁ ; X, B, F, G, X ₁ in Fig. 1) one Eccentric formed by a large radius, at the ends by 1 tear sectors (A, B; C, D in Fig. 1) merging tangentially into the circular arc sections has a closed shape. 109825/1297 4. Internal combustion engine according, to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the drive element is enlarged in its length and two on parallel shafts (U, U ₁ in Fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8) arranged rotors (X, Y in Fig. 5) acts from the opposite direction of rotation, the shafts of which one forms the main shaft (U) of the machine and the other forms an auxiliary shaft (U ₁ ) which transmits the torque given to it by the rotor to the main shaft through a gear, are coupled by arranged on them, meshing gears (Z, Z ₁ in Fig. 5). 5. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 4 < characterized in that in the case of a multi-cylinder engine with an even number of cylinders, the upper combustion chambers (1, 4 »2, 3 in Fig. 7) the cylinders are connected to each other, the pistons of which are arranged at the same number of degrees, so that the pressure generated in their combustion chambers is exactly the same. (Fig. 7) 6. Internal combustion engine according to claim 4, characterized in that in the case of a multi-cylinder machine, the main and the auxiliary shaft (U, U ₁ in Fig. 8) are arranged in the same vertical plane that the cylinders (1, 2, 3, 4 in Fig. 8) are combined in pairs, with one half of them being arranged in the horizontal direction on each side of the shafts and working on two independent drive elements, the work of which is combined. (Fig * 8) 7. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the vacuum chamber (V in Fig. 1 and 4) consists of the hermetically sealed lower cylinder chamber that connects to one on the outside of the piston rod attacking stuffing box (I in Fig. 1) and with two valves (G, H in Fig. 1), of which one, the inlet of air-controlling valve, is adjustable, while the other- 10982 5/1297 BADOBiGiNAL - 14 right, the valve controlling the outlet of the air is not adjustable 8. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the mechanical coupling between the rotor and the drive element by the arrangement of two in the direction of the vertical shaft of the rotor (2 in Pig. 9 and 10) bent flanges (3 in Fig. 9 and 10) on the underside of the drive element (1 in Fig. 9 and 10) is formed between which and the upper sliding surface of the drive element at the ends of the rotor pins (4 in Fig. 9 and 10 during the Auf- and downward movement of the pistons with low friction pass therethrough, the diameter of the pins being equal to the diameter of the circular sectors connecting the circular segments of the rotor. 10982 5/1297 . JIB Blank page