DE2053918A1 - Spunbonded fabric made from threads or strands of synthetic high polymers as well as method and device for its production - Google Patents

Description

Lutravil Spinnvlies GmbH & Go. 2Uv> 39

Our reference: O.Z.

6940 Weinheim, 5o, 10, 1997

Spunbond provision of threads or yarn strands of synthetic high polymers as well as methods and apparatus for its Her

The present invention relates to a spunbonded nonwoven made of threads or strands of synthetic high polymers, in which the pads or Strands of threads, hereinafter referred to as filaments for short, serpentine are stored as well as a method and a device for its production.

It is known that one can use a pull-off nozzle or a pull-off channel in various configurations a load, a thread sheet or a thread bundle from conventional spinnerets or pulls off special nozzles and transports them to a storage area, a tangled fleece is obtained through air turbulence.

A method is described in Japanese Patent Publication 45-5057 for the production of nonwovens, which works with conventional single-stage pull-out injectors with a round cross-section, either directly after spinning or after mechanical drawing. These simple injectors will cross too moved on a storage belt, which obviously creates flat structures with a predominantly transverse structure. This cross structure is in most cases this is unsuitable, as it results in a non-uniformity of the fleece properties in the various directions of the Brings fleece level with it. Another disadvantage of this method is that due to the non-crimped threads only fleeces with a low specific volume can be obtained.

US Pat. No. 3,117,055 also describes nonwovens made from crimped Threads that are consolidated with binders according to a certain formula. In the production of these fleeces is a thread sheet is withdrawn from the spinneret with a single-stage injector. By applying static electricity to the

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With the pull-out injector, the threads are charged, which means that they repel each other when they exit the injector. Through this a part of the withdrawal medium is torn laterally outwards and the axial speed is reduced, as a result of which only a slight Compression of the filaments comes about. As a result, there is only a slight irregular crimp in those placed on the fleece Threads in front. The use of electrostatic charges in this process means an additional technical one Expenditure.

In addition to the disadvantages and inadequacies cited in each case in the aforementioned prior art, further details can be provided in part Defects are mentioned: Be it that some of the threads clump together while they are still hot due to insufficient cooling, be it that there are inadequate operational safety, be it that melt and air distribution over the length or width of the Nozzles and channels are very uneven, be it that the specific gas or energy consumption is uneconomically high, be it that the degrees of stretching achieved (thread strengths and elongations) are inadequate or be it that only smooth threads can be produced.

The present invention was based on the economic production of a spunbonded fabric, which is based on on specific volume, resilience and recovery, damping properties or flexibility or displaceability which advantageously distinguishes threads, e.g. in needles or tufts, from the currently known spunbonded nonwovens.

This object has been achieved according to the invention in that the filaments forming the fleece have hot crimps of 1 to 10 mm Have crimp diameter, the winding direction of the helix within a thread, even if it is in the strand, according to 1 to 50, preferably after 5 to 15 turns, alternated.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the filaments forming the fleece are in the form of optionally modified filaments Trochoid stored, these optionally

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their modified trochoid regularly or irregularly Change direction.

The nonwoven filaments are preferably made of polypropylene, Polyester, polyamide, polyethylene or polyurethane. They can be needled, thermally bonded or with the help of Binder dispersions e.g. polyacrylates be solidified.

The invention also relates to a method for producing the spunbonded nonwoven according to the invention from filaments synthetic high polymer by extruding thread-forming melts from spinnerets with a number of spinning orifices in a circular, elliptical or linear arrangement, which is characterized in that one

a) the extruded filaments at an angle from 0 to to the thread running direction acted upon on one side with cooling air, which wholly or at least partially in the thread running direction is deflected to carry out a primary withdrawal of the filaments and to cool them;

b) the cooling air at the end of the cooling zone largely from the filaments lets flow off or sucks off;

c) the filament, which has largely been freed from the cooling air, in a take-off zone following the cooling zone in the form of a one or preferably multi-stage pull-out injector subjected to the main pull-off forces;

d) the partially plastic filaments crimp after drawing by periodic high-frequency application and removal one or more annular or cylindrical vortices of a gaseous medium on the filaments under part wise outflow and replenishment of the vortex (s);

g) if necessary, the deposited spunbond nonwoven is solidified in a mechanical, thermal or chemical manner using known methods.

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When crimping, the filaments are usually part plastic, so that the pull-out injectors can be operated with cold air. If the filaments in the The cooling zone can also be crimped by using hot air or steam. Leave the ripples fix themselves by removing the filaments after the crimping process relaxed when completely cooled below the softening point. Leave in the cooling zone by adding steam the strength and elongation properties of the filaments and possibly the type of crimp influence.

The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method according to the invention, which is characterized is through;

a) one or more spinnerets of round, oval or rectangular shape Shape each with a number of spinning orifices;

b) a cooling shaft connected downstream of these spinnerets with devices for the supply and appropriate distribution of the Cooling air, possibly means for diverting the air into Thread direction, the subsequent actual spinning shaft, at the lower end of which devices are provided for the outflow or suction of the cooling air and, if necessary Flaps for partial closure of the exit cross-section from the spinning shaft;

c) extraction injectors downstream of the spinning chute, preferably in two or more stages, consisting of an outer housing with an air inlet nozzle, a

Compensation chamber with adjoining damming elements and oils

running chambers, / via inlet slots or channels under one Angle of 5 to 30 ° are connected to an inner channel in which there is also a suction nozzle that can be adjusted via an adjusting thread opens and which, in the case of a multi-stage design, increases in cross-section from stage to stage, possibly over a diffuser;

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d) a curling device connected to the pull-off injector, "Consists of an inlet channel on which means for axial displacement, e.g. one adjusting thread, one behind discontinuous expansion, e.g. a tube is mounted, which expands like a chamber and at its end also one has discontinuous narrowing provided with abutting edges, which merges into a short outlet channel;

e) flexible intermediate pieces connected to the crimping device, e.g. hoses that are fitted onto mouthpieces of constant or preferably widened cross-section;

f) a pivoting device to which the mouthpieces are attached;

g) a deposit belt, which at the point of impact of the filaments, if necessary has a suction device;

h) if necessary, a device for mechanical, thermal or chemical consolidation of the spunbonded nonwoven.

The filaments are usually spun out by means of Spinning plates of round, oval, rectangular or similar shape, on which a number of spinning orifices are attached. However, spinning plates can also be used which have recesses in their central areas through which cooling air can optionally be blown into the thread sheets from the spinning plates with thermal shielding. It has proven to be useful for the process according to the invention proved to pre-orient the melt prior to extrusion by the action of strong shear stresses. The former The spinning variant has the advantage that spinning nozzles of simple construction can be used. The second variant with Recessed spinneret is also still relatively simple in structure compared to more complicated special nozzles. Through this er ^ i.'beti niob, the following additional advantages of the "/f.-rfah reru-ji

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a) Cold air can be used.

b) The point of application of the air force is not immediately behind the spinning opening, but at least at a distance of about 10 mm, whereby a longer primary withdrawal zone is present.

c) Furthermore, there is a more favorable area ratio Mouth cross-sections of the melt and air, so that a lower specific Air expenditure results.

The method according to the invention differs in the further course of the process from other processes for spunbond production e.g. TJSE 3 117 055 and Japanese Patent 45-5057 in that a defined cooling path is provided which is divided into sections for Feeding and, if necessary, dividing the cooling air, the parallel flow and the removal of the cooling air by suction or discharge. From conventional spinning processes, which also have a defined cooling section, the method according to the invention differs in that the cooling air flowing in at an angle of 0 to 90 ° to the thread sheet in any case to a considerable extent the thread running direction is deflected. The common feature of the various cooling variants is that they are exposed to one side of the filaments with cooling air, as well as the strong air flow running parallel to the thread at least in the second section of a few m / sec.

Another essential distinguishing feature compared to known processes for the production of spunbonded nonwovens arises at the end of the cooling section, in that the cooling air is removed from the process and not conveyed through the following main pulling devices. This embodiment of the method according to the invention initially has the advantage that given the air energy expenditure, the spatial energy density is very high and also remains high along the pull-off injector because only a very small amount of sucked in air and not all of the cooling air is mixed into the propellant jet. While the strip air must exert the function of cooling or compensated continuously in the known methods is in erfindungfigemüßen procedure with air of approximately ¹ to O 'oü mm WEII WS pressure? Ntlioh economic cooled,

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For pulling off the threads, at least a few 1000 mm WS to a few atii are required to ensure good thread properties get. Yet another great advantage results from the removal of the cooling air in so far as it does when the fleece is laid Multiples (five to ten times) the air falling on the belt must be extracted so that the fleece does not blow away. in the In the present case, only the relatively small amount of air is drawn off in the required suction power, while the generally larger amount of cooling air already before the removal of the Filaments sucked or diverted.

In the method according to the invention, preference is given to thread withdrawal Two or more stage injectors operated with an external propulsion jet are used. By their design according to the invention it is possible to operate all stages with the same high pressure, which results in a very effective withdrawal of the filaments, without blocking the trigger. The inventive device for drawing off the filaments has one of Step by step, increasing expansion to accommodate the newly inflowing air. Another differentiator the single or multi-stage puller compared to known devices is that the air after flowing into the outer housing first enters an antechamber and is thus evenly distributed before it passes over baffles and inlet chambers flows into the inlet slots or inlet bores and into the inner thread-guiding channel.

A curling device is attached directly to the take-off device that differ from known devices for thread crimping, such as aerodynamic compression crimping, aerodynamic false twist crimping or the Ripple clearly distinguishes itself in a zone of irregular, high turbulence. In the present case, the crimping takes place by periodically applying and lifting one or more ring-shaped or cylindrical vertebrae at high frequencies gaseous medium on the filaments with partial outflow and replenishment of the vortex or vortices. The Crimping due to the previous one-sided cooling of the threads under the action of the pull-off force.

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After the filaments have been crimped, a diffuser zone downstream of the crimping section takes place in the event of complete solidification of the threads in the relaxed state fixes their crimps. First of all, a correct one is necessary for the creation of the crimp Temperature control in the cooling section is essential. If the threads are cooled too much, they cannot go into the crimping section be deformed more, unless the Abziehinr Rektor is operated with hot gas or steam. The threads become inadequate When cooled, they stick together in the take-off and crimping section. Should the crimped threads be opened so that the The crimps are not in phase and the threads are largely separated from each other, 80 it is advisable to use the last one Stage of the multi-stage peelable injector does not have a film form to operate the inflowing amount of air, but preferably with a series of individual air jets from accordingly arranged holes.

From the take-off injectors with a downstream crimping section, the thread sheets are moved via movable intermediate links, e.g. Hoses, led to mouthpieces, which according to certain kinematic laws in the form of real or modified Trochoid are moved, thus textured on the delivery belt Nonwovens are obtained that reflect the laying principle.

The laying kinematics is composed of two superimposed pivoting movements, preferably one rotational movement and one flat pendulum movement running transversely to the deposit belt (transverse pivoting), the frequency ratio between 2: 1 and 100: 1, preferably between 4: 1 and 50: 1 (rotational pivoting to transverse pivoting). The amplitudes of the flat transverse pivoting are expediently a multiple of the rotational pivoting. The transverse pivoting can either run over the entire bandwidth, or also in several mutually overlapping ones Zones be divided. Depending on the degree of opening of the thread sheets the structured spunbonded nonwovens obtained are composed of thread strands or individual threads in their lay-up structure.

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The main advantages of the method according to the invention are in particular:

1.) simple process structure with relatively small components, 2.) economic efficiency and high operational reliability, 3.) good thread quality with relatively even titers, 4.) the possibility of producing voluminous nonwovens from crimped threads with excellent elasticity and damping properties.

The areas of the individual operating data of the process can be defined as follows:

Temperature of the melt: Depending on the type of thermoplastics g used , the melts can be spun in temperature ranges of different widths, whereby the entire range between the start of melting and the highest possible melt temperature without chemical change can be of interest.

Melt pressure: In principle, pressures between approx. 1 and 150 atmospheres, preferably between 20 and 80 atmospheres, are used.

Melt throughput: The melt throughputs per spinning bore are between 0.1 and 10, predominantly between 1 and 6 g / min. The extrusion speed of the melt is generally between 0.5 and 15 m / min, preferably between 2 and 10 m / min.

Gas Temperature: Both for the cooling air and for the strip air temperatures are suitably in the range of normal room temperature 20-30 ⁰ C. Pur the strip air but are also higher temperatures up to about 150 ⁰ O in embossing, in order to achieve as certain Kräuselcharakteristiken. For the same reason, steam or the addition of steam can also be used.

Gas pressure: The pressures for the cooling air are usually between 20 and 5,000 mm WS, preferably between 50 and 500 mm WS. For the stripping air, the pressures are in the range between 0.5 and 50 atm, preferably between 1 and 10 atm.

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The speed of the cooling air is between 1 and 50 m / sec, preferably 2 "to 8 m / sec. In the suction nozzle of the exhaust injector speeds between 10 and 500 m / sec, preferably between 50 and 200 m / sec, can be present. The exhaust air speed when entering the inner injector tube is generally The speed of sound or just below it, followed by a post-expansion at with possible local supersonic speeds, after which the speed by mixing with the sucked air falls back into the subsonic range to values between approx. 100 to 300 m / sec. In the ruffling section will this speed was further reduced to values between 10 and 100 m / sec.

Specific gas consumption (defined as the quantity ratio of gas to melt in kg / kg or only / kg) ϊ This quantity ratio can be approximately in the limits 1 to 50, preferably 5 to 20 for the main exhaust air.

Suitable plastics for the process described are essentially the following:

1.) Polyethylene of all density ranges (0.918 to 0.960 g / cm ³ ) as well as the copolymers of ethylene with 1-olefins (e.g. propylene, butene), with vinyl and acrylic esters (e.g. vinyl acetate, butyl acrylate copolymers), with additional free acrylic acid groups (e.g. Ethylene-t-butyl acrylate-acrylic acid polymers) and with vinyl chloride. In addition, post-chlorinated polyethylene with a chlorine content of up to $ 40>. The proportion of the comonomers in the total weight of the polymer may amount to 30 wt. I>. The polymers are suitable in a wide molecular weight range, measured as a melt index (according to ASTM D 1238-57T) MI ₂ ^ / - Jq ₀ ⁰ G ^{= 1 Ms 10} ° », preferably 5 to 20.

2.) Polypropylene and polybutene-1 and their copolymers with one another and with other 1-0-olefins (eg ethylene). Comoriomerenanteil: max. 15 fi, molecular weight range as above (melt index range MI ₂ ^ 5/210 ⁰ C ^{= Of1 is} ^ ^ ^{0 'vorzu} S ^sweise 1 to 20).

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3 ·) Polyamides, for example the pure polycondensates from caprolactam or from dicarboxylic acids such as adipic and sebacic acid and diamines such as hexamethylenediamine. Mixed polycondensates, for example from the above-mentioned starting materials, are also suitable. The molecular weights, expressed in K values, can fluctuate between K = 50 to 90, preferably 70 to 80 (K value calculated from the relative viscosity VZ ⁷ I _0, measured according to DIN 53 726).

4.) polyester; Particularly suitable are the linear saturated polyester having average molecular weights from 10 to 50,000, such as polyethylene terephthalate (for example, from terephthalic acid diglycol ester), and the compounds obtainable from hydroxycarboxylic acid such as the ^ hydroxydecanoic acid or of 4 (beta-hydroxy ethoxy g) -benzoic acid polyester . In addition to these groups of polyesters, which can be produced from just one component, the linear, saturated polyesters made from glycols and aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids are generally suitable, provided they result in the above-mentioned high molecular weight products. In addition to the carboxylic acids, their anhydrides, esters or acid chlorides can also be used.

5.) Polyvinyl chloride, homopolymers and copolymers with vinyl esters (eg vinyl acetate). Prior to processing, are suitable plasticizers (such as phthalic acid ester or adipic acid ester with 1- and 2-hydric alcohols in quantities of up to ä ^ Gew.9 40, preferably 20 to 30 wt. ^) Admitting. Molecular weight range, expressed in K values: 50 to 80.

Before processing into threads, various auxiliaries can be added to all of the polymers mentioned Spinning processes are known. It can be heat, light, UV stabilizers, dyes, flame retardants, Act crystallization accelerator etc.

With the method described, threads with the following characteristics can be produced:

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Thread sizes between 1 and 200 Jim, preferably between 10 and 100 Jim, corresponding to titers of about 1 dtex to 100 dtex. The number of hot crimps of the filaments is approximately between 1 and 40, preferably 5 to 20 per cm with crimp diameters from about 1 to 10 mm.

The spinning speeds depend on the denier, raw material and operating conditions between 1,000 and 5,000 m / min, the tear strengths between 2 and 6 p / dtex and the elongations at break between 20 and 300 ^.

The fleeces made of crimped thread are suitable due to their elasticity θ and damping properties especially for the carpet sector, but also as fillers for mattresses, upholstered furniture, Quilts, sleeping bags, anoraks, etc., as insulation mats, wall hangings, as well as carrier material, e.g. for artificial leather or for use in car tires. Other areas of application include e.g. the filter sector, home textiles and certain Areas of the clothing sector, furthermore packaging materials, whereby in the case of the last-mentioned applications, nonwovens are only made of weakly crimped threads are in the foreground.

Embodiments of the device according to the invention are explained with reference to FIGS.

In Figure 1 is a device for performing the invention Procedure shown schematically. FIG. 2 shows special embodiments of a cooling shaft with cooling air supply and cooling air discharge. FIG. 3 shows a two-stage pull-off injector with a downstream crimping section for the filaments. Figure 4 shows a preferred embodiment of the pivoting device in elevation.

Figure 5 shows the pivoting device according to Figure 4 in plan and a spunbonded nonwoven according to the invention in a schematic representation.

For the extrusion of the thread, Fig. 1 and "a to 2 c

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conventional spinning nozzles 1 of round, oval, rectangular shape, or also nozzles 1 with a central recess (FIG. 2d). The melt is extruded through a number of spinning orifices 2 of round or profiled cross-section. The elongation of the spinning orifices (ratio from axial length to diameter) is preferably selected to be at least 2.5 and the mutual hole spacing is at least 5, preferably 10 times the hole diameter the embodiment according to figure 2 d, the recess either provided at the center of the partial circuits or between the linearly arranged rows of holes. λ

The different variants of the cooling air supply between 90 ° and 0 ° to the direction of travel of the pad are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2a to 2 d shown schematically, the cooling air fan (not shown) working either in suction mode or in pressure mode can, or also in combined suction-pressure operation, i.e. that is sucked off and blown at the same time. In Figure 1, the cooling air is applied perpendicular to the thread running direction by means of an equalizing wire mesh or mesh Air inlet 11 on the opposite side formed, for example through a fine-meshed sieve, that only a small part of the cooling air flows across the cooling shaft 10, but most of it flows vertically downward into the spinning shaft 14, which can have a round or rectangular cross-section. In Figure 2a, the cooling air is supplied through a lamella Grid 13, with which the inflow angle of the air to the threads can be adjusted between 0 ° and 90 °. Here, too, the Suction or pressure operation can be worked. In the embodiment according to FIG. 2b, too, the inflow angle is between 0 ° and 90 °, the cooling air supply or suction 11 takes place via an inclined nozzle. According to Figure 2c, the cooling air is supplied in an injector-like manner from the outside to the Thread array at small angles up to 0 °, with in front of the inlet slot 17 expediently a damming element 18, e.g. a grid or wire mesh lies. In the variant according to FIG. 2d, the

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Cooling air is blown in parallel to the thread through a recessed spinneret 1 or between two adjacent spinnerets 1. The strings are cooled in this case from the inside of the thread sheet. In the last two variants is only practical Print operation possible. In all the cases described, the cooling air, if it does not arrive parallel to the thread, at least deflected to a greater extent in this direction, so that, in addition to cooling, there is also a primary draw-off effect, wherein the attack of the exhaust air is not directly in the plane of the mouth of the spinning bores 2, but at a distance of at least 3 to 10 cm.

In all variants, a second zone in the form of a spinning chute 14 through which the air flows at a relatively high air speed and in which threads and air flow in parallel are connected to the described supply zones of the cooling section. The total length of the cooling section 10, 14 is primarily determined by the polymer used and by the thread thickness and the desired thread type (more or less crimped). Lengths in the range from 1 to 15 m, preferably from 2 to 10 m, come into consideration. At the end of the spinning shaft 14, the cooling air is guided out of the spinning shaft 14 from a section 15. If the cooling section 10, 14 is operated in pressure mode, the cooling air escapes through the perforated section 15 to the outside (see FIG. 1). If, however, operated in suction mode, so is above the perforated section 15, a suction chamber, from which a suction pipe to a blower ^l leads (see Figure 2a). At the end of the cooling section adjustable flaps 16 are arranged which reduce the outlet cross section of the spinning chute 14 so that no false air is sucked in from below during suction. These flaps 16 can be omitted for the printing operation.

If conditioning of the

will the
Cooling air is required / from the perforated section 15

conducted or on a Bandabsaugung 61 air taken through an air conditioner demand in the temperature and humidity are placed ^v and the conditioned cooling air, optionally with supply of fresh air through the supply connection 11 back into

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fed into the cooling shaft 10.

The cooling section 10, 14 is followed by a main extraction device in the form of a single-stage or preferably multi-stage extraction injector 20 operated with an external propellant jet. The two-stage embodiment of the pull-off injector 20 shown in FIG. 3 consists of an outer housing 21 with an air supply nozzle 22 and an inner pipe or duct 27 located in the housing 21 which, in conjunction with damming elements 24, forms an antechamber or compensation chamber 23 Screw connection 31 holds the inner tube 27 together with the outer housing 21. Each of the damming elements 24 is adjoined by an inlet chamber from which the air flows through the inlet cross-sections 26 (slots or bores) into the inner tube 27 at an angle of 5 to 30 ° flows in, whereby the pads are captured and withdrawn by the preferably funnel-shaped suction nozzle 29. An adjusting thread 28 or similar means are used to adjust the withdrawal stages. The length of the suction nozzle 29 is usually between 5 to 50 times its inner diameter or its inner width. The inner channel 27 including a built-in diffuser 30 has between the two Inlet points 26 approximately the same length as the suction nozzle 29. A transition piece 41 connected downstream of the pull-off injector 20 is equally dimensioned. Is bonded to the transition piece 41, a crimping device 40 connects consisting of serving as inlet channel transition piece 41, similar to the above means for axial displacement, such as an adjusting screw 42, a rear set, discontinuous extension 43 attached that extends chamber-like and at its The end has a likewise discontinuous constriction 45 provided with abutting edges 44, which merges into a short outlet channel 46. The axial length of the crimping section 40 is adjusted via the adjusting device in such a way that the annular or cylindrical vortices 47 lift off at a high frequency, shift to 48 and jump back to 47 with partial outflow and Wi eu orauffüll.

Immediately. -To the Krause I .stretchr <H '-cli! .i f-M. calibration to

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guidance of pivoting movements a flexible transition piece 50, for example a plastic tube, on which a mouthpiece 51 is placed . This can either be a simple pipe, a pipe with continuous or discontinuous expansion, or a so-called flat jet nozzle (slot nozzle, spoon nozzle, etc.) to fanned out the strand of thread. This fanning out can also be brought about by directing two of these muzzle air jets, which are laden with threads, towards one another at an angle.

A structured for the following process step of laying Device 59 suitable for spunbonded webs is shown schematically in FIG. It is made up of the aforementioned mouthpieces 51 'on the one hand on the flexible transition pieces 50 and on the other hand via a bearing that allows a tilting movement, e.g. a self-aligning ball bearing, on a bar 52 are attached, which is designed as a connecting rod between two rotating disks 53 1st. The two disks 53 are in one Mounted frame 54, which also carries the disk drive 55. The frame 54 is suspended in a pendulous manner via struts 56 and via a Another connecting rod 57 is articulated eccentrically on a disk 58 that is also driven. Instead, a pneumatic or hydraulic actuating cylinder perform this pendulum movement.

Nonwovens produced according to the described superimposition principle show the structure shown in FIG. 5 due to a rotational movement with superimposed planar pendulum movement and the movement of the storage shelf. The laying on the fleece is preferably carried out with an overlap of at least 50 μ. For a better overview, this overlap was not shown in FIG. The laying tracks represent either crimped individual threads or corresponding thread bundles. With regard to a uniform fleece, it is expedient to run several of the spinning units described in parallel and to lay down the respective filament sheets with overlap. The depositing belt 60 is preferably provided with a suction device 61, which is necessary in particular when the fleece has a higher weight per unit area. With 70 a device for mechanical, thermal or chemical bonding of the nonwoven follows, e.g. by needling, steaming,

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Calendering, impregnation (spraying or dipping) with subsequent Drying. Between the spinning chute 14 and the pull-out injector 20, the pade quality can be further improved a conventional mechanical stretching device with take-off and stretching godets can be arranged.

Pads and yarns are also within the scope of the present invention and fibers, for example staple fibers with the filament features achieved according to the invention, and those made therefrom Products.

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example 1

Polypropylene with a density of 0.91 g / cnr and a melt index ^MI 2 16 kg; 19O ⁰ C ^{= 2} » ^{5 according to AS} ™ D-1238-52 T, which is provided with a finely divided pigment dye, was ^{fed to a spinneret at a temperature of 280 0} C with 75 atm and through a number of spinning orifices with 0.8 mm 0 extruded. The melt throughput per opening was 5 g / min. The threads were cooled by blowing in air from the side according to FIG. 1 with an air pressure of 70 mm WS. The entire cooling section 10.14 was 6.5 m long and had an extraction system 15 at the lower end. The two-stage pull-off injector 20 according to FIG. 3 had a clear inlet diameter of 5 mm. A downstream crimping section 40 was 12 mm in diameter and 30 mm in length. The pull-out injector was operated with 1 atm air and a specific air consumption of 10 kg / kg melt. The threads were passed through a flexible intermediate piece 50 and emerged from a mouthpiece 51 which, by means of a pivoting mechanism 59, performed a rotating pivoting movement of 3 Hz with a superimposed flat pendulum pivoting of approx. 0.5 Hz. A nonwoven strip approximately 0.5 m wide formed on the moving band 60 made of wire mesh, which had a suction device 61 under the point of impact of the threads. The constant weight of the fleece in the middle test zone was better than _ + 5 #.

The threads forming the fleece had a diameter of 80 μm and were hot-crimped with a crimp diameter of 4-5 mm and about 5 crimps per cm of unstretched length. The filaments had a tensile strength of 2.8 p / dtex and 250 i "elongation at break.

The speed of movement of the belt was adjusted so that a fleece with a basis weight of 750 g / m 2 was formed. The very voluminous dyed fleece (spec. Volume = 25 ccm / g) was slightly pre-needled and finished with 2 more needle passes needled. A needle felt was obtained, which after the usual impregnation and back coating by waffle " foam is very suitable as a floor covering.

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Example 2

Polypropylene was made under the same conditions as in Example 1 of a spinneret 1 with a central recess according to FIG 2d supplied and extruded through spinning bores 2 of 0.5 mm 0. The centrally supplied cooling air was under pressure from 0.1 atm; at the end of the 4 m long cooling section 10, 14, the cooling air was sucked off. The pull-off injector 20 was designed in one stage and provided with a downstream crimping section 40. Br was operated with 1.5 atmospheric pressure. After passing dee flexible connecting piece 50 and the moving dog piece 51, as described in Example 1, the so obtained crimped

th threads deposited into a 400 g / m heavy fleece. The threads have a diameter of 20 μm and 8-10 crimps per cm "with a tensile strength of 3 p / dtex and an elongation at break of 180 Ί». The fleece was lightly pre-needled and is particularly suitable for use as a carrier layer for an overlay to be needled for the production of needle felt floor coverings.

Example 3

Polypropylene with added color and a melt index MI _{0 Λ (} · i, _ 190 ⁰ C ^tone ** »^ ^ ¹¹ ^ ^{6 mi} ^ 260 0 and 40 atü to a spinneret 1 with 100 bores 2 of 0.5 mm 0. The cooling air supply took place again according to Figure 1. The cooling section 10, 14 was 4 m long and at its lower end only had a grille 15 for the lateral outflow of the cooling air / get 0, which had a very fine ripple of about 2 mm and 18-20 Kräuseldurchmesser ripples on 1 cm unstretched length. the tensile strengths were at 4 '5 p /, the elongation at break dtex. under $ 100>. the threads were laid down to form a fleece with a basis weight of 400 g / m 2 as described in Example 1. After 2 needles, a profile was needled into the surface of the fleece, giving it a textile-like appearance pillow, etc.

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Example 4

Polypropylene was fed to a spinneret 1 according to Example 2 under the same conditions as in Example 3. The strings were withdrawn with a 4-stage injector 20, in the first stage 4, in the second stage 6, in the third stage and in the fourth stage 12 had inlet bores 26 of 1 mm 0. The inner tube diameter of the pull-off injector increased from step to step by 1 mm in 0. The thread values obtained corresponded roughly to those of example 3. They can be converted into a fleece of the same type and possible uses as in the example 3 process.

Example 5

Polyester with a K value of 61 was ^{fed at 40 atmospheres and 300 0} G to a spinneret 1 with bores 2 of 1 mm 0. It was cooled by sucking in the cooling air by means of a cooling fan connected to the lower end of the 3 m long cooling section 10, 14. The threads were drawn off with a two-stage draw-off nozzle 20 at an operating pressure of 2 atm. There were weakly crimped threads of approx. 10 / um 0 and 2 mm crimp diameter and 3-4 crimps per cm. The threads were laid down to form a voluminous fleece with a weight per unit area of 450 g / m 2. During the laying down, an aqueous dispersion of a curable acrylic acid ester was sprayed on with a sprayer, so that after drying and curing the fleece consists of 90 # threads and 10 # binder. The cohesive, resilient fleece mat is very suitable for padding quilts and winter clothing.

Example 6

Polycaprolactam with a K value of 72 and a melt viscosity of 3500 poise at 25O ⁰ C was a spinneret with spinning holes 2 1 of 0.6 mm 0 supplied. The cooling system worked at 70 mm water column during printing. At the lower end of the 4 m long cooling section 10, 14, the cooling air was blown out to the side. The two-stage draw-off nozzle 20 with a crimping section 40 from

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Example 1 gave threads of 18 / µm 0 with 1.5-2.0 mm crimp diameter and 4-5 crimps per cm. The deposited from the threads voluminous nonwoven with a g Flächengewient 300 was lightly dusted with an adhesive, cured at 13O ⁰ C and bound. It is suitable for the production of air filter mats.

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Claims (13)

- 22 - O.Z. 058Θ / 0ΜΟ6 zrnnn Claims Spunbonded nonwoven made of threads or strands of synthetic high-quality polymers, in which the load or strands of strands are laid in a loop-like manner, because the threads or strands forming the nonwoven have hot crimps, preferably of 1 to 10 mm crimp diameter, with the direction of the winding the helix within a thread, even if it lies in the strand, alternates after 1 to 50, preferably after 5 to 15 turns. 2. Spunbonded web according to claim 1, characterized in that the threads or thread strands forming the web are deposited in the form of optionally modified trochoid and these optionally modified trochoid regularly or irregularly change their direction. 3. Spunbonded nonwoven according to claims 1 to 2, characterized in that «the threads or strands of threads are deposited in a recurring sequence in trochoid with variable loop spacing. 4. Spunbonded web according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the number of loops between the changes in direction of the trochoid is between 1 and 50, preferably between 2 and 25. 5. Spunbonded nonwoven according to claims 1 to 41, characterized in that the change in direction of the trochoidal course extends in the form of symmetrical or asymmetrical sawtooth lines in the direction of the fleece. 6. spunbond according to claim 1 to 5 » characterized. the mat forming threads or thread Strange polypropylene * polyester, polyamide, polyethylene or polyurethane odtv "iw Miachungen consist of the same. 7. Spunbond according to claim 1 called 6, thereby being rewarded. $ · & Ee «uf mechanical, tttaxeiaeii · or ohealechee after loading 0RK3INAL INSPECTED - 23 - O.Z. 0588/01006 known methods is solidified. 8. A process for the production of spunbonded nonwovens according to the claims 1 to 7 of threads or strands of synthetic high polymers by extruding thread-forming melts from spinnerets with a number of spinning orifices in a circular, elliptical or linear arrangement, characterized in that one a) the extruded filaments at an angle of 0 to 90 ° exposed to cooling air on one side in relation to the direction of travel of the pad, which are wholly or at least partially deflected in the thread running direction is used to perform a primary draw-off of the filaments and to cool them, b) the cooling air at the end of the cooling zone largely from the filaments lets it flow off or sucks it off, c) the filaments, which have largely been freed from the cooling air, are shaped in a main draw-off zone adjoining the cooling zone a single-stage or preferably multi-stage pull-out injector is subjected to the main pull-off forces, d) the partially plastic filaments crimp after drawing by periodically high-frequency application and lifting of one or more annular or cylindrical vortices of a gaseous medium on the filaments with λ partial outflow and replenishment of the vortex or vortices, e) if necessary, the deposited spunbonded nonwoven in a mechanical, thermal or chemical manner according to known methods solidified. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the discharged filaments are blown onto a conveyor belt via flexibly connected mouthpieces which perform a flat transverse pivoting with superimposed rotational movement, which preferably has a suction device at the filament storage point. -2k- 209820/0822 - 24 - O.Z. 0588/01006 10. The method according to claim 8 to 9 » characterized in that the filaments are relaxed after the crimping with simultaneous cooling and thereby the crimping is fixed with complete solidification of the threads. 11. The method according to claim 8 to 10, characterized in that the pull-out injectors are operated to influence the thread characteristics with hot gas or steam or a mixture of the two media. 12. The method according to claim 8 to 11, characterized in that the strength and elongation properties of the filaments and optionally the type of crimp can be influenced by a supply of water vapor in the cooling zone. 13. Device for performing the method according to one or more several of claims 8 to 12, characterized by a) one or more spinnerets (i) of round, oval or rectangular shape, each with a number of spinning openings (2) » b) a cooling shaft (10) connected downstream of these spinnerets (1) with devices for supply (11) and uniform distribution (12) of the cooling air, if necessary means for deflection (13) the air in the direction of the thread, the subsequent actual Spinning chute 64), at the lower end of which devices are provided for the outflow or suction 05) of the cooling air, and optionally flaps (16) for partial closure the outlet cross-section from the spinning shaft (14), c) the spinning chute (14) downstream pull-out injectors (20), preferably in a two-stage or multi-stage design, consisting of an outer housing (2i) with an air inlet nozzle (£ 2), a compensation chamber & 3) with adjoining damming elements ^ 4) and inlet chambers (25) that have inlet slots or Channels (2Ö at an angle of 5 to 30 ° with an inner Channel (27) are connected, in which one via a 209820/0822 - 25 - 0.Z-. 0588/01006 Adjusting thread (2 $ adjustable suction nozzle (29) opens and which in the case of a multi-stage design, the cross-section increases from stage to stage, if necessary via a diffuser (50), d) a curling device (40) connected to the pull-off injector (20), consisting of an inlet channel $ -1), on which, via means for axial displacement (4 ^), e.g. an adjusting thread, a rearward discontinuous widening (\% e.g. a tube is mounted, which expands like a chamber and at its end has a likewise discontinuous constriction & 5) provided with abutting edges (44), which merges into a short outlet channel (46), e) flexible intermediate pieces (50) connected to the crimping device (40), e.g. hoses, which are attached to mouth pieces (51) of constant or preferably widened cross-section attached are, f) a swivel device (59) »on which the mouthpieces (51) are attached, g) a depositing belt (60), which optionally has a suction (61) in the impact zone of the filaments, h) optionally a device (70) for mechanical, thermal or chemical consolidation of the spunbonded nonwoven. Lutravil Spinnvlies GmbH & Co. Sign 209820/0822 Blank page