EP0480550B1 - Process and apparatus for producing spunbonded nonwoven - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for producing spunbonded nonwoven Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0480550B1
EP0480550B1 EP91250267A EP91250267A EP0480550B1 EP 0480550 B1 EP0480550 B1 EP 0480550B1 EP 91250267 A EP91250267 A EP 91250267A EP 91250267 A EP91250267 A EP 91250267A EP 0480550 B1 EP0480550 B1 EP 0480550B1
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Prior art keywords
rollers
channel
threads
draw
roller
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EP91250267A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0480550A1 (en
Inventor
Lüder Dr. Gerking
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Karl Fischer Industrieanlagen GmbH
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Karl Fischer Industrieanlagen GmbH
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/009Condensation or reaction polymers
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/007Addition polymers
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/009Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H3/011Polyesters
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/16Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing spunbonded nonwovens and a device for carrying out the method.
  • threads made of a melt-spinnable material are also possible, but little known so far
  • spinnerets are spun out of spinnerets by forces acting below the solidified threads, which are applied mechanically by rollers or aerodynamically by air currents are warped and stretched to a certain extent, which gives them a molecular orientation in the longitudinal direction of the thread.
  • the air flows are used to deposit the threads as evenly as possible on a belt running underneath, the air flows through the belt or evades laterally.
  • binders by needling, but mostly by thermal consolidation between heated press rolls in calenders or with hot air flowing through them, they are consolidated to form a flat structure.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for the production of spunbonded fabrics also for large nonwoven widths, in which the threads are distributed uniformly over the width of the nonwoven with the desired sufficient stretching, the consumption of energy and the amount of air required to be kept low .
  • the disadvantages of the previously known methods and devices are largely avoided by subjecting sets of threads, which can also extend over the entire width of the fleece, to a coupled mechanical-aerodynamic stretching.
  • the essential stretching forces are applied by a pair of rollers, which extends over the entire thread sheet or nozzle width.
  • the threads are drawn off from an air duct directly adjoining the second roller, in which the later three-dimensional interlacing of the threads in the nonwoven is preformed with the lowest possible air speeds.
  • the flow rate is selected depending on the peripheral speed of the rolls.
  • the take-off devices consisting of a pair of rollers and an air duct, can be assigned to individual nozzles spinning out the thread groups, the final fleece consisting of several such units Nozzle and trigger device can be generated.
  • a set of threads can also be spun out of a nozzle or from a plurality of nozzles arranged along a line as a set of thread and fed to a pair of rollers and an air duct for storage.
  • This has the advantage that individual nozzles can be replaced in the event of spinning defects by clogging the holes, etc. and not the large nozzle, which extends over the entire width of the fleece, if such defects occur in only one or a few spinning holes.
  • the individual nozzles must be arranged in such a way that the thread sheets leaving them only meet the first take-off roller and thus there are no differences in the thread spacing between two adjacent thread sheets, and consequently there are gaps or accumulations at these seams later.
  • the threads hit the first roller at regular intervals from one another and remain in this arrangement because lateral forces are not exerted by the rollers or by the subsequent air duct. Only in the lower part of the air duct towards the depositing device do lateral movements occur due to the deceleration of the flow, which is predetermined by an expansion of the air duct and ends on the depositing surface with the threads at a standstill.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the threads run unchanged essentially parallel to one another after they emerge from the nozzles, over the stretching rollers into the air duct and only in the lower end and are intertwined in three dimensions.
  • the same number of threads per unit length or transverse extension of the nozzle and thus of the nonwoven formed are deposited as threads per unit length are spun out in the coulter, so that neither accumulations nor dilutions occur during storage.
  • smaller fleece widths may well be a spinneret that extends across the fleece width, the described composition of the sheet of threads from individual nozzles is advantageous for larger widths.
  • Stretching rollers and subsequent air duct should, however, always extend over the entire thread sheet and thus in the basic form of the present invention over the entire width of the fleece.
  • the mechanical stretching of thread coulters of greater width is only possible in operation and is economical if, in the event of malfunctions, in particular due to the tearing of the threads, so-called spin spitters, which lead to windings on the rollers, these windings can be easily removed and quickly re-spun. This is possible with the device according to the invention.
  • a pair of rollers is rotatably arranged below the spinneret and the cooling section.
  • the sheet of threads drawn by the air duct, runs between the rollers. These are rotated so that there is a loop of the thread sheet around the rollers. It is advantageous that the largest possible wrap angles are achieved because this increases the mechanically transferable force on the threads. This obeys in a known manner the force acting on the belt drive between the rotating roller and the moving belt. Then the force transferred to the thread is proportional to e ⁇ , where ⁇ and the coefficient of friction between the thread and the roll surface and a is the angle over which the thread wraps around the roll. At higher speeds, the centrifugal force must also be taken into account, which reduces the friction effect between the thread and the roller surface.
  • a suction flow is more uniform than if it had previously flowed through a blower with generally connected diffusers; the disturbances in the route in front of the suction units that generate the air movement can be kept very small, often negligibly small.
  • the upper part of the air duct, which adjoins the last roller, can be kept very narrow because the threads have cooled completely and no longer stick. As a result, the amount of air moved is small and the flow can initially be laminar or only slightly turbulent. The channel then widens in a diffuser shape.
  • Diffusers of this type are difficult to control in the case of large ratios of outlet cross section to inlet cross section, because detachments are easy to set up and there is therefore no longer a uniform flow over the channel cross section.
  • the channel has a sufficiently high resistance, this is the case here due to the deposited fleece and the storage surface, so that the flow and thus the threads can spread over a certain width in the running direction of the fleece.
  • high turbulence which leads to streaks and cloudy storage, is avoided because the air speed and thus the air volumes to be extracted below the storage surface are kept small.
  • the present invention has the following advantages: the thread sheet does not have to be spun out of a nozzle which extends over the entire width of the fleece and which, depending on the use of the end product or for reasons of economy, can have a width of more than 5 m, instead, it is possible to provide individual rectangular nozzles arranged parallel to a spinning beam axis.
  • the thread groups are below in a manner familiar from synthetic fiber production the nozzle is cooled by cross-blown air currents. The spinning smoke, which can be disturbed due to roll coverage and channel contamination during later stretching, can be removed from the side.
  • the rollers In contrast to a purely aerodynamic guidance of the threads, the rollers have a rectifying effect on the threads. Even if these have small fluctuations around their main running directions, perhaps due to the cross-blowing of the cooling, they then lie on the rollers, essentially parallel to one another. Lateral deviations from this direction only occur specifically in the air duct, even entanglement of the threads with one another, because there the later entanglement is initiated into a surface.
  • the degree of stretching is therefore also more uniform than with purely aerodynamic stretching, which leads to more uniform mechanical properties of the threads, such as diameter (titer), tensile strength, elongation, and shrinkage.
  • spunbonded nonwovens can be produced from uniformly highly stretched threads with a uniform distribution of the threads over the width of the fleece.
  • suction channels in which the channel flow is generally the most uniform, only so much force has to be applied that the threads are pulled off the pair of drawing rollers.
  • Previous methods with suction channels under the spinneret allow only a slight stretching of the threads. Although higher stretching can be achieved with pressure channels, the result is still far from what can be achieved with mechanical stretching.
  • the previously known combination of mechanical stretching and subsequent withdrawal with injector channels was limited to thread bundles or tapes with English threads, which then always lead to stringy and cloudy thread deposits in the fleece.
  • the uniform spunbonded nonwovens produced according to the invention and made from highly drawn threads can be placed on a normal, horizontally running collecting belt, usually a sieve belt, the air being sucked off below it.
  • a special embodiment of the invention is the storage on a sieve drum. This has the advantage that it is a rigid, if curved, surface. Fixed or oscillating flow resistances or a pattern with the rotating surface can be arranged below the rotating surface, so that the threads are caused by an upstream effect of the latter Obstacles are moved back and forth, whereby a higher uniformity of the nonwovens can be achieved.
  • Fig. 1 threads of a melt-spinnable polymer such as polyamide, polyester, polypropylene emerge from a rectangular spinning nozzle 1, in which nozzle bores are arranged in rows, as a thread sheet 2.
  • the molten threads are cooled with air by means of a transverse blowing indicated by the arrows 3, whereby blowing from the inside to the outside can also be used through two sets of threads.
  • the group of threads viewed from the front side, is only represented by line 4 or 4a because of the threads that basically converge downward. In the initial state, the threads run along the line for 4a.
  • roller duo 5a, 5b which is also dashed in its starting position is marked, and get into a channel 6, which is initially narrow and merges into a diffuser-like extension. It ends in a laying zone 7 above a screening drum 8, in the interior of which the air is sucked out of the channel 6 through the deposited threads into the chamber 9 and is led out to the side through the channel 10.
  • the threads are only aerodynamically distorted by the suction effect inside the drum and stretched to a certain degree.
  • the pair of rollers the surface of which corresponds to that of stretch godets in the spin-stretching process, is rotatably supported, including its drives, which is not shown in more detail here.
  • the pair of rollers 5a, 5b is rotated along the line 11 in the direction of the arrow 12 around the common center point 13, the family of threads, which initially passed between the two rollers without contact, is deflected. In the final state, an S-shaped loop is achieved. Simultaneously with this movement or also afterwards, the channel together with the depositing or screening drum 8 is moved laterally and upwards along the arrows 14 and 15, so that the channel 6 lies tightly against the roller 5b.
  • the inlet of the channel 6 is designed in such a way that it peels off part of the air moving around the roller, which is referred to as the boundary layer, and leads it into the channel 6. This improves the effect of the channel 6.
  • the air speed decreases until it falls below the thread speed and the threads lay in waves, then in loops.
  • the force that is exerted on the threads via the channel, particularly in the drawing part 16, in which the highest flow speed prevails, is due to the friction effect of the rollers, the peripheral speed of which is equal to the thread speed, is increased. Even if the impulse of the roller boundary layer is not to be used, the air duct is moved as close as possible to the roller so that no unnecessarily long free run lengths of the threads occur, in which the forces are reduced by the braking effect of the surrounding air.
  • the force entering this area should be as large as possible, which is why the area between nozzle 1 and rollers 5a, 5b should only be as long how to cool the threads and for operational reasons.
  • the air duct is kept as narrow as possible in its upper end 16, for example in a width of 2 mm but also 1 mm, in order to process the smallest possible amounts of air which would only interfere with the laying.
  • the width depends on the quantity and titer of the threads and a certain surcharge for reasons of operational safety.
  • the trigger and laying device, Consisting of the pair of rollers 5a, 5b and the channel 6, are designed such that the largest possible wrap angle is generated on both rollers in order to be able to transmit correspondingly higher forces to the threads. However, there is practically no stretching between the rollers 5a, 5b, since the wrap angles and thus the frictional forces are generally not sufficient.
  • the jacket of the sieve drum 8 can be constructed from hexagonal honeycomb walls 18, so-called honeycomb structures.
  • the walls of these honeycombs are perpendicular to the direction of flow. So they can be very thin and thus have little influence on the flow and still form a very rigid cylinder jacket.
  • the honeycomb walls 18 with wrench sizes of, for example, 6 to 8 mm are covered with a finer sieve made of metal or plastic. In the latter case, it can be shrunk onto the drum as a hose, thereby avoiding a seam that could appear in the fleece.
  • Perforated elements 19 shown by the broken line can be installed at the top in the suction chamber 9 below the laying zone 7. On the one hand, these serve to throttle the suction strength, since this should not be too strong at the beginning of the laying, in Fig. 1 on the left side of the laying zone 7, so as not to suck in too much air here.
  • the perforated element has a lower permeability there and with increasing deposition of threads towards the right, an increasing permeability.
  • specific positions can be covered. If a honeycomb rotates over it, less thread material is deposited on this covered honeycomb, caused by an upstream effect of this closed area. The current dodges to the side. In this way, swinging back and forth in small amplitudes of the threads can be achieved. This is only possible if the honeycombs are not too long in the direction of flow, otherwise the upstream effect will be dampened and will no longer be effective at the end.
  • Fig. 1 it is indicated how the fleece 20 produced by the thread sheet is removed after it has been deposited by the screening drum 8 in a roller 21, loops around it at a certain angle and then fed to a pair of rollers 21a, 21b of a calender, from which it is fed is welded under pressure and temperature. It is then rolled up into a winding 22 using a technique, not shown in more detail, of the winding device known in web processing.
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrangement for withdrawing the threads from the roller 5b by means of an injector channel, the arrangement being used particularly when not a thread family extending over the entire fleece width but rather thread families consisting of individual spinnerets standing parallel to one another are provided. These can then no longer be operated in suction mode because the thread coulters from the individual spinning and drawing positions have to overlap and have to be pivoted in a free jet zone.
  • the usual injector channel can connect to the second roller 5b.
  • the impulse to transport the thread sheet is triggered by a beam 23 in FIG. 2, which is directed onto the roller 5b and out of the slot a channel 24 flows, which is fed with air at a certain pressure and temperature in the direction of arrow 25.
  • the injector channel with the irregularities described above, resulting from slots which do not remain constant, has the advantage that any irregularities in the jet 23 on the roller 5b rotating at the thread speed are compensated for.
  • the speed of the air of the jet 23 need not be much higher than the peripheral speed of the roller 5b.
  • the boundary layer of the air moved by the roller 5b has a strong leveling effect.
  • Thread compensation lateral compensation can also be realized in such a way that the pair of rollers 5a, 5b are shifted accordingly and lowered towards the channel 6, so that the latter does not have to be moved with the storage drum 8 or the screen belt.
  • Auxiliary air flows can also be used in the channel 6, if the channel 6 should not initially be placed over the storage zone 7 in suction mode.
  • the rollers 5a, 5b are preferably driven by frequency-controlled motors, the control being carried out via a control device (not shown). Another control device controls the pivoting of the roller pair 5a, 5b and the positioning to the channel 6, which can be done with the help of sensors.
  • the speed of the rolls can be controlled so that the second roll 5b runs somewhat faster for reasons of thread tension or runs slower to influence the shrinkage, so that relaxation occurs. However, this only serves to achieve additional effects.
  • both rollers will have the same diameter and be operated at the same number of revolutions, that is to say at the same peripheral speed, so that the forces transmitted to the thread add up along the wrap angle.
  • roller duos can be arranged one below the other in the falling line from the nozzle to the depositing device and swiveled in as described.
  • the stretching rollers 5a, 5b extend over a larger fleece width, it is possible that they are supported on both sides. This considerably simplifies the design compared to single-sided, high-speed, high-speed roller godets. This simplified storage is possible because the family of threads is threading itself into the loop in the manner described by rotating the pair of rollers. Monitoring devices are provided, for example with light barriers, which switch off the drive of the rollers during the winding process due to a malfunction and allow the windings to be removed. The threads that are still spun out are caught above the rollers and when piecing, in which the rollers are again in the starting position shown in FIG. 1, the thread family will be fed piece by piece into the channel and back in again by swiveling over stretching and laying forming a fleece.
  • the device according to the invention also permits the processing of thread sheets from two nozzles instead of only the one spinneret 1 in FIG. 1.
  • a second one would be arranged next to it and the group of threads of, for example, a lower-melting polymer or copolymer of the same type as from the spinneret 1 would be fed to the line 4a or 4 and then stretched together with the structural threads.
  • the basic embodiment of the present invention can be configured by further modifications and additions. Thus, if necessary or desired, preparations can be applied to the threads below the blowing 3.
  • the rollers can be heated, which makes it easier to control the shrinkage of many polymers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Spinnvliesen nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for producing spunbonded nonwovens and a device for carrying out the method.

Bei der Herstellung von Spinnvliesen werden in einem Arbeitsgang Fäden aus einem schmelzbespinnbaren Material (auch lösungsmittelgesponnene organische Ausgangsmaterialien sind möglich, aber bisher wenig bekannt geworden) aus Spinndüsen ausgesponnen, durch unterhalb an den erstarrten Fäden angreifende Kräfte, welche mechanisch durch Walzen oder aerodynamisch durch Luftströme aufgebracht werden, verzogen und bis zu einem gewissen Grade verstreckt, wodurch sie eine molekulare Orientierung in Fadenlängsrichtung erhalten. Anschließend werden die Luftströme dazu benutzt, die Fäden möglichst gleichmäßig auf einem darunter laufenden Band abzulegen, wobei die Luft das Band durchströmt oder seitlich ausweicht. Durch Bindemittel, durch Vernadeln, überwiegend aber durch thermische Verfestigung zwischen beheizten Preßwalzen in Kalandern oder auch mit durchströmender Heißluft werden sie zu einem Flächengebilde verfestigt.In the production of spunbonded nonwovens, threads made of a melt-spinnable material (solvent-spun organic starting materials are also possible, but little known so far) are spun out of spinnerets by forces acting below the solidified threads, which are applied mechanically by rollers or aerodynamically by air currents are warped and stretched to a certain extent, which gives them a molecular orientation in the longitudinal direction of the thread. Then the air flows are used to deposit the threads as evenly as possible on a belt running underneath, the air flows through the belt or evades laterally. By means of binders, by needling, but mostly by thermal consolidation between heated press rolls in calenders or with hot air flowing through them, they are consolidated to form a flat structure.

Es sind Verfahren (DE 19 65 054) bekanntgeworden, bei denen in Fadenscharen aerodynamisch verstreckte Fäden bis an die Grenze der Verstreckbarkeit, häufiger aber Fadenbündel mit Hilfe von luftdurchströmten runden Injektorkanälen hergestellt und anschließend zu einem Vlies abgelegt werden. Dazu werden sehr hohe Luftgeschwindigkeiten benötigt, da der energetische Wirkungsgrad der Kraftübertragung von den Luft strömen auf den Faden ziemlich schlecht ist, wodurch ein hoher Energiebedarf und große Luftmengen notwendig sind, die bei der Ablage der Fäden durch Erzeugung hoher Turbulenzen stören. Weiterhin sind Verfahren bekannt, bei denen diese Fadenbündel über Verstreckwalzen mechanisch verstreckt werden, wobei die Fäden anschließend nach Verlassen der darauffolgenden Injektorkanäle durch aerodynamische Methoden (US 3 314 122) oder elektrostatische Aufladung (US 3 338 992) auseinandergeführt werden müssen, um keine Strähnen sondern eine möglichst gleichmäßige Fadenbelegung im Vlies zu erhalten. Eine solche Verfahrensweise ist auch in der US 3 394 435 offenbart, in der nach der Aufladung die Fäden über eine Walze geführt werden.Methods (DE 19 65 054) have become known, in which aerodynamically stretched threads in thread coulters are stretched to the limit of stretchability, but more often thread bundles are produced with the aid of round injector channels through which air flows and are then deposited to form a fleece. Very high air velocities are required for this, since the energy efficiency of the power transmission from the air flowing onto the thread is rather poor, which requires high energy and large amounts of air, which interfere with the filing of the threads due to the generation of high turbulence. Furthermore, methods are known in which these bundles of threads are mechanically stretched over stretching rollers, the threads then having to be separated apart after leaving the subsequent injector channels by aerodynamic methods (US Pat. No. 3,334,122) or electrostatic charging (US Pat. No. 3,338,992), rather than strands to obtain the most even possible thread covering in the fleece. Such a procedure is also disclosed in US 3,394,435, in which the threads are passed over a roller after being charged.

Der Nachteil dieser Methode ist offensichtlich. Die in den Spinndüsen auf eine große Fläche verteilte Kunststoffschmelze wird zu Fäden umgeformt, die zunächst noch getrennt gesponnen und abgekühlt werden, danach jedoch zur Aufbringung der Zugkräfte zu Strängen zusammengeführt und anschließend sehr aufwendig wieder auseinandergeführt werden, um eine große Fläche möglichst gleichmäßig zu bedecken.The disadvantage of this method is obvious. The plastic melt distributed over a large area in the spinnerets is formed into threads, which initially still separately spun and cooled, but then brought together to form the tensile forces to form strands and then separated again very costly in order to cover a large area as evenly as possible.

Somit können entweder gut verstreckte Fäden hergestellt werden oder es wird bei der Anwendung geringerer Luftgeschwindigkeiten eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Fäden zum Vlies erzielt.It is thus possible either to produce well-drawn threads or to achieve a uniform distribution of the threads to the nonwoven when using lower air velocities.

Man ist dazu übergegangen, über die gesamte Vliesbreite sich erstreckende Längs- oder Rechteckdüsen herzustellen, wodurch eine Fadenschar entsteht. Sobald aber höhere Luftgeschwindigkeiten eingesetzt werden, ergeben sich zunehmend Ungleichmäßigkeiten in der Luftströmung und in der Folge Vliesungleichmäßigkeiten. Eine mechanische Verstreckung von Fadenscharen über die gesamte Düsen- und Vliesbreite ist bisher nicht bekanntgeworden.It has started to produce longitudinal or rectangular nozzles that extend across the entire width of the nonwoven, thereby creating a family of threads. However, as soon as higher air speeds are used, there are increasing irregularities in the air flow and consequently non-woven irregularities. A mechanical stretching of thread coulters across the entire width of the nozzle and fleece has hitherto not become known.

Bei dem Abziehen durch rechteckige Injektorkanäle ergibt sich bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten das Problem der ungleichmäßigen Luftverteilung über die Kanalbreite hinweg. Dieses rührt nicht nur daher, daß die Schlitzbreite nicht exakt gleich über die Breite ist, sondern daß sich im Laufe des Betriebes durch Spinnrauch und dergleichen Verschmutzungen im Schlitz, vor allem aber an den Kanalwänden, bilden, wodurch sich die Fäden ungleichmäßig über die Breite verteilen.When pulling through rectangular injector channels, the problem of uneven air distribution across the channel width arises at high speeds. This is due not only to the fact that the slot width is not exactly the same across the width, but that during the course of operation, spinning smoke and the like form dirt in the slot, but above all on the channel walls, as a result of which the threads are distributed unevenly over the width .

In der DE 36 03 814 wird die durch an den Filamenten angreifende Luftkräfte bewirkte Verstreckung als nachteilig angesehen, da diese in starkem Maße statistischen Grenzen unterliegt und der erreichte Verstreckungsgrad mit beachtlicher Bandbreite schwankt. Daher soll die Verstreckung mit dem und/oder in dem Abzugswalzenaggregat bewirkt werden, das heißt, eine aerodynamische Versteckung soll vermieden werden.In DE 36 03 814, the drawing caused by the air forces acting on the filaments is considered disadvantageous, since this is subject to statistical limits to a great extent and the degree of drawing achieved fluctuates with considerable bandwidth. Therefore, the stretching should be effected with and / or in the take-off roller unit, that is, aerodynamic hiding should be avoided.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Spinnvliesen auch für große Vliesbreiten zu schaffen, bei denen die Fäden mit gewünschter ausreichender Verstreckung gleichmäßig über die Vliesbreite verteilt werden, wobei der Verbrauch an Energie und die benötigten Luftmengen gering gehalten werden sollen.The object of the invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for the production of spunbonded fabrics also for large nonwoven widths, in which the threads are distributed uniformly over the width of the nonwoven with the desired sufficient stretching, the consumption of energy and the amount of air required to be kept low .

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Hauptanspruchs in Verbindung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs gelöst.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of the main claim in conjunction with the features of the preamble.

Die Nachteile der bisher bekanntgewordenen Verfahren und Vorrichtungen werden weitgehend vermieden, indem Fadenscharen, die sich auch über die gesamte Vliesbreite erstrecken können, einer gekoppelt mechanischaerodynamischen Verstreckung unterworfen werden. Die wesentlichen Verstreckkräfte werden von einem Walzenpaar aufgebracht, welches sich über die gesamte Fadenschar bzw. Düsenbreite erstreckt. Die Fäden werden von einem direkt an die zweite Walze anschließenden Luftkanal abgezogen, in dem unter möglichst geringen Luftgeschwindigkeiten die spätere dreidimensionale Verschlingung der Fäden im Vlies vorgebildet wird. Die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit wird dabei in Abhängigkeit von der Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der Walzen gewählt. Die Abzugsvorrichtungen, bestehend aus Walzenpaar und Luftkanal, können dabei einzelnen, die Fadenscharen ausspinnenden Düsen zugeordnet sein, wobei das endgültige Vlies aus mehreren solchen Einheiten Düsen- und Abzugsvorrichtung erzeugt werden kann. Es kann auch eine Fadenschar aus einer Düse oder aus mehreren längs einer Linie hintereinander angeordneten Düsen als zusammengesetzte Fadenschar ausgesponnen und einem Walzenpaar und einem Luftkanal der Ablage zugeführt werden. Das hat den Vorteil, daß einzelne Düsen bei Spinnfehlern durch Verstopfen der Löcher usw. ausgetauscht werden können und nicht die große, sich über die gesamte Vliesbreite erstreckende Düse, wenn nur in einem oder wenigen Spinnlöchern solche Fehler auftreten. Insgesamt müssen aber die einzelnen Düsen so angeordnet sein, daß die sie verlassenden Fadenscharen nur auf die erste Abzugswalze treffen und somit zwischen zwei aneinanderstoßende Fadenscharen keine Unterschiede in den Fadenabständen und dadurch später Lücken oder Anhäufungen an diesen Nahtstellen vorliegen. Ist dieses geometrisch von vornherein durch die Gestaltung der Vorrichtung erzielt, so treffen die Fäden auf die erste Walze in gleichmäßigen Abständen voneinander auf und bleiben in dieser Anordnung, weil seitliche Kräfte weder von den Walzen noch von dem anschließenden Luftkanal ausgeübt werden. Erst im unteren Teil des Luftkanals zur Ablagevorrichtung hin treten durch die Verzögerung der Strömung, die durch eine Erweiterung des Luftkanals vorgegeben ist und auf der Ablagefläche mit Stillstand der Fäden endet, seitliche Bewegungen auf.The disadvantages of the previously known methods and devices are largely avoided by subjecting sets of threads, which can also extend over the entire width of the fleece, to a coupled mechanical-aerodynamic stretching. The essential stretching forces are applied by a pair of rollers, which extends over the entire thread sheet or nozzle width. The threads are drawn off from an air duct directly adjoining the second roller, in which the later three-dimensional interlacing of the threads in the nonwoven is preformed with the lowest possible air speeds. The flow rate is selected depending on the peripheral speed of the rolls. The take-off devices, consisting of a pair of rollers and an air duct, can be assigned to individual nozzles spinning out the thread groups, the final fleece consisting of several such units Nozzle and trigger device can be generated. A set of threads can also be spun out of a nozzle or from a plurality of nozzles arranged along a line as a set of thread and fed to a pair of rollers and an air duct for storage. This has the advantage that individual nozzles can be replaced in the event of spinning defects by clogging the holes, etc. and not the large nozzle, which extends over the entire width of the fleece, if such defects occur in only one or a few spinning holes. Overall, however, the individual nozzles must be arranged in such a way that the thread sheets leaving them only meet the first take-off roller and thus there are no differences in the thread spacing between two adjacent thread sheets, and consequently there are gaps or accumulations at these seams later. If this is achieved geometrically from the outset by the design of the device, the threads hit the first roller at regular intervals from one another and remain in this arrangement because lateral forces are not exerted by the rollers or by the subsequent air duct. Only in the lower part of the air duct towards the depositing device do lateral movements occur due to the deceleration of the flow, which is predetermined by an expansion of the air duct and ends on the depositing surface with the threads at a standstill.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fäden nach ihrem Austritt aus den Düsen unverändert im wesentlichen parallel zueinander laufen, über die Verstreckwalzen bis in den Luftkanal hinein und erst im unteren Ende aufgestaut und dreidimensional miteinander verschlungen werden. Es werden gleichviele Fäden pro Längeneinheit bzw. Quererstreckung der Düse und damit des gebildeten Vlieses abgelegt wie Fäden pro Längeneinheit in der Schar ausgesponnen werden, so daß weder Anhäufungen noch Verdünnungen bei der Lagerung auftreten. Während es sich bei geringeren Vliesbreiten durchaus um eine sich über die Vliesbreite erstreckende Spinndüse handeln kann, ist bei größeren Breiten die beschriebene Zusammensetzung der Fadenschar aus einzelnen Düsen vorteilhaft.The method according to the invention is characterized in that the threads run unchanged essentially parallel to one another after they emerge from the nozzles, over the stretching rollers into the air duct and only in the lower end and are intertwined in three dimensions. The same number of threads per unit length or transverse extension of the nozzle and thus of the nonwoven formed are deposited as threads per unit length are spun out in the coulter, so that neither accumulations nor dilutions occur during storage. While smaller fleece widths may well be a spinneret that extends across the fleece width, the described composition of the sheet of threads from individual nozzles is advantageous for larger widths.

Verstreckwalzen und anschließender Luftkanal sollen sich aber stets über die gesamte Fadenschar und damit in der Grundform der vorliegenden Erfindung über die gesamte Vliesbreite erstrecken. Das mechanische Verstrecken von Fadenscharen größerer Breite ist betrieblich nur dann möglich und wirtschaftlich, wenn bei Störungen, insbesondere durch Abreißen der Fäden, sogenannte Spinnspucker, die zu Wickeln an den Walzen führen, diese Wickel einfach entfernt und schnell wieder angesponnen werden kann. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist dies möglich.Stretching rollers and subsequent air duct should, however, always extend over the entire thread sheet and thus in the basic form of the present invention over the entire width of the fleece. The mechanical stretching of thread coulters of greater width is only possible in operation and is economical if, in the event of malfunctions, in particular due to the tearing of the threads, so-called spin spitters, which lead to windings on the rollers, these windings can be easily removed and quickly re-spun. This is possible with the device according to the invention.

Ein Walzenpaar wird drehend unterhalb der Spinndüse und der Abkühlungsstrecke angeordnet. Im Anfahrzustand verläuft die Fadenschar, gezogen von dem Luftkanal, zwischen den Walzen hindurch. Diese werden gedreht, so daß sich eine Umschlingung der Fadenschar um die Walzen ergibt. Vorteilhaft ist, daß möglichst große Umschlingungswinkel erzielt werden, weil damit die mechanisch übertragbare Kraft auf die Fäden wächst. Diese gehorcht in bekannter Weise der bei dem Riementrieb angreifenden Kraft zwischen drehender Walze und bewegtem Band. Danach ist die auf den Faden übertragene Kraft proportional e µα , wobei µ und der Reibungskoeffizient zwischen Faden und Walzenoberfläche und a der Winkel ist, über den hinweg der Faden die Walze umschlingt. Bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten muß auch die Fliehkraft berücksichtigt werden, die die Reibungswirkung zwischen Faden und Walzenoberfläche verringert.A pair of rollers is rotatably arranged below the spinneret and the cooling section. In the start-up state, the sheet of threads, drawn by the air duct, runs between the rollers. These are rotated so that there is a loop of the thread sheet around the rollers. It is advantageous that the largest possible wrap angles are achieved because this increases the mechanically transferable force on the threads. This obeys in a known manner the force acting on the belt drive between the rotating roller and the moving belt. Then the force transferred to the thread is proportional to e µα , where µ and the coefficient of friction between the thread and the roll surface and a is the angle over which the thread wraps around the roll. At higher speeds, the centrifugal force must also be taken into account, which reduces the friction effect between the thread and the roller surface.

Es muß jedoch wie bei einem Seiltrieb eine Kraft auf den Faden nach der zweiten Walze des Walzenpaares angreifen. Diese wird durch den Luftkanal erzeugt. Sie ist aber weitaus geringer, als wenn der Faden allein mit einem Luftkanal im Saug- oder Druckbetrieb oder mit Injektorwirkung gezogen wird. Der Luftkanal sitzt dabei mit seinem Einlaß unmittelbar in der Nähe des Ablösepunktes der Fadenschar von der letzten Walze. Er schält somit die von der Walze in Rotationsrichtung bewegte Luft mit dem Faden ab. Das ist eine energetisch besonders günstige Form der zusätzlichen Speisung des Luftkanals. Die Saugwirkung auf den Faden wird aber wesentlich durch die Absaugung der Luft unterhalb der Ablagefläche erzeugt. Ähnlich wie in Windkanälen für aerodynamische Versuchszwecke ist eine gesaugte Strömung gleichmäßiger als wenn sie zuvor ein Gebläse mit im allgemeinen sich daran anschließenden Diffusoren bereits durchströmt hat; die Störungen in der Strecke vor den Saugaggregaten, die die Luftbewegung erzeugen, können sehr klein, oft vernachlässigbar klein gehalten werden. Der obere, sich an die letzte Walze anschließende Teil des Luftkanals kann sehr eng gehalten werden, weil die Fäden vollständig abgekühlt sind und nicht mehr kleben. Dadurch sind die bewegten Luftmengen klein und die Strömung kann zunächst laminar oder nur schwach turbulent verlaufen. Danach erweitert sich der Kanal diffusorförmig. Derartige Diffusoren sind bei großen Verhältnissen von Austrittsquerschnitt zur Eintrittsquerschnitt schwer zu beherrschen, weil sich leicht Ablösungen einstellen und damit keine gleichmäßige Strömung über den Kanalquerschnitt mehr vorliegt. Dies gilt besonders bei Rechteckkanälen, um die es sich bei der vorliegenden Erfindung handelt. Schließt sich jedoch ein hinreichend hoher Widerstand an den Kanal an, das ist hier durch das abgelegte Vlies und die Ablagefläche der Fall, so ist die Ausbreitung der Strömung und damit der Fäden über eine bestimmte Breite in Laufrichtung des Vlieses besser möglich. Auf jeden Fall werden hohe Turbulenzen, die zu Strähnen und wolkiger Ablage führen, vermieden, weil die Luftgeschwindigkeit und damit die unterhalb der Ablagefläche abzusaugenden Luftmengen klein gehalten werden. Es sind aber aus der Aerodynamik bekannte Hilfsmittel, wie Absaugen der Grenzschicht in Diffusoren oder Anblasung der wandnahen Schichten durch verhältnismäßig geringe Luftzufuhr zusätzlich möglich, um eine Ablösung im unteren Diffusorteil des Kanals zu vermeiden. Auch Stoßdiffusoren, die sich plötzlich erweitern, und die Strömung, die sich an den "flüssigen Wänden" von gefangenen Wirbeln erweitert, sind möglich. Die Strömung soll sich gleichmäßig über den Querschnitt ausbreiten, ohne daß sich unregelmäßige Querbewegungen zur Hauptströmung in Form von Wirbeln ergeben. Nur die Fäden stauen sich auf und beginnen im Kanal ihre Verschlingung miteinander.However, as with a cable drive, there must be a force on the thread after the second roller of the pair of rollers attack. This is generated by the air duct. However, it is far less than if the thread is drawn with an air duct alone in suction or pressure mode or with an injector effect. The air duct sits with its inlet directly in the vicinity of the point of detachment of the thread sheet from the last roller. It thus peels off the air moved by the roller in the direction of rotation with the thread. This is an energetically particularly favorable form of the additional feeding of the air duct. However, the suction effect on the thread is essentially generated by the suction of the air below the storage surface. Similar to wind tunnels for aerodynamic test purposes, a suction flow is more uniform than if it had previously flowed through a blower with generally connected diffusers; the disturbances in the route in front of the suction units that generate the air movement can be kept very small, often negligibly small. The upper part of the air duct, which adjoins the last roller, can be kept very narrow because the threads have cooled completely and no longer stick. As a result, the amount of air moved is small and the flow can initially be laminar or only slightly turbulent. The channel then widens in a diffuser shape. Diffusers of this type are difficult to control in the case of large ratios of outlet cross section to inlet cross section, because detachments are easy to set up and there is therefore no longer a uniform flow over the channel cross section. This applies in particular to rectangular channels, which are the subject of the present invention. However, if the channel has a sufficiently high resistance, this is the case here due to the deposited fleece and the storage surface, so that the flow and thus the threads can spread over a certain width in the running direction of the fleece. In any case, high turbulence, which leads to streaks and cloudy storage, is avoided because the air speed and thus the air volumes to be extracted below the storage surface are kept small. However, aids known from aerodynamics, such as suctioning off the boundary layer in diffusers or blowing the layers close to the wall by relatively little air supply, are additionally possible in order to avoid detachment in the lower diffuser part of the channel. Impact diffusers that suddenly expand and the flow that expands on the "liquid walls" of trapped vertebrae are also possible. The flow should spread evenly across the cross-section without irregular cross-movements to the main flow in the form of vortices. Only the threads accumulate and begin to intertwine in the channel.

Gegenüber den bisher bekannten Verfahren und Vorrichtungen hat die vorliegende Erfindung folgende Vorteile: Die Fadenschar muß nicht aus einer sich über die gesamte Vliesbreite erstreckenden Düse, die abhängig von dem Einsatz des Endproduktes oder aus Wirtschaftlichkeitsgründen eine Breite von über 5 m haben kann, ausgesponnen werden, sondern es können einzelne, parallel zu einer Spinnbalkenachse angeordnete Rechteckdüsen vorgesehen sein. Die Fadenscharen werden in einer aus der Synthesefaserherstellung gewohnten Weise unterhalb der Düse durch quereingeblasene Luftströme abgekühlt. Dabei kann der Spinnrauch, der bei späterer Verstreckung durch Walzenbelegung und Kanalverschmutzung stören kann, seitlich abgeführt werden. Die Fäden treffen, parallel zueinander verlaufend, auf die erste Walze, umschlingen diese um einen bestimmten Betrag und gehen über an die nächste Walze, wo sie weiterhin im wesentlichen parallel zueinander, aber mit entgegengesetzter Krümmung verlaufen und treten in den Luftkanal, der sie von der Walzenoberfläche absaugt, ein. Im Gegensatz zu einer rein aerodynamischen Führung der Fäden haben die Walzen eine gleichrichtende Wirkung auf die Fäden. Selbst wenn diese, vielleicht durch die Queranblasung der Abkühlung, kleine Schwankungen um ihre Hauptlaufrichtungen aufweisen, so liegen sie anschließend, im wesentlich parallel zueinander, auf den Walzen auf. Erst im Luftkanal treten seitliche Abweichungen von dieser Richtung gezielt auf, sogar Verschlingung der Fäden untereinander, weil dort die spätere Verschlingung zu einer Fläche eingeleitet wird. Damit ist es möglich, erheblich größere Kräfte auf die Fäden aufzubringen und damit hochverstreckte Fäden zu erzeugen, ohne die bei der anschließenden Ablage störenden, zur Verstreckung nach dem Stand der Technik nötigen großen Luftmengen zu benötigen. Fadenanhäufungen und Lücken werden bis kurz vor der Ablage der Fäden durch eine akurate Führung durch die Walzen vermieden.Compared to the previously known methods and devices, the present invention has the following advantages: the thread sheet does not have to be spun out of a nozzle which extends over the entire width of the fleece and which, depending on the use of the end product or for reasons of economy, can have a width of more than 5 m, instead, it is possible to provide individual rectangular nozzles arranged parallel to a spinning beam axis. The thread groups are below in a manner familiar from synthetic fiber production the nozzle is cooled by cross-blown air currents. The spinning smoke, which can be disturbed due to roll coverage and channel contamination during later stretching, can be removed from the side. The threads meet, parallel to each other, on the first roller, loop around this by a certain amount and pass to the next roller, where they continue to run essentially parallel to one another, but with opposite curvature, and enter the air duct that separates them from the Sucks off the roller surface. In contrast to a purely aerodynamic guidance of the threads, the rollers have a rectifying effect on the threads. Even if these have small fluctuations around their main running directions, perhaps due to the cross-blowing of the cooling, they then lie on the rollers, essentially parallel to one another. Lateral deviations from this direction only occur specifically in the air duct, even entanglement of the threads with one another, because there the later entanglement is initiated into a surface. This makes it possible to apply considerably greater forces to the threads and thus to produce highly stretched threads without the need for the large amounts of air which are disruptive during the subsequent deposition and which are necessary for drawing according to the prior art. Accumulations of threads and gaps are avoided until shortly before the threads are deposited by an accurate guidance through the rollers.

Deshalb ist auch der Verstreckungsgrad gleichmäßiger als bei rein aerodynamischer Verstreckung, was zu gleichmäßigeren mechanischen Eigenschaften der Fäden, wie Durchmesser (Titer), Zugfestigkeit, Dehnung, Schrumpf, führt.The degree of stretching is therefore also more uniform than with purely aerodynamic stretching, which leads to more uniform mechanical properties of the threads, such as diameter (titer), tensile strength, elongation, and shrinkage.

Mit dieser mechanisch-aerodynamisch gekoppelten Verstreckung unter Verwendung eines Saugkanals können Spinnvliese aus gleichmäßig hochverstreckten Fäden bei gleichmäßiger Verteilung der Fäden über die Vliesbreite hergestellt werden. Bei Saugkanälen, in denen grundsätzlich die gleichmäßigste Kanalströmung herrscht, muß nur so viel Kraft aufgebracht werden, daß die Fäden von dem Verstreckwalzenpaar abgezogen werden. Bisherige Verfahren mit Saugkanälen unter der Spinndüse gestatten nur eine geringe Verstreckung der Fäden. Mit Druckkanälen kann zwar eine höhere Verstreckung erzielt werden, daß Ergebnis ist aber doch noch weit entfernt von dem, was sich mit mechanische Verstreckung erreichen läßt. Die bisher bekannte Kombination von mechanischer Verstreckung und anschließendem Abzug mit Injektorkanälen beschränkte sich auf Fadenbündel oder Bänder mit engliegenden Fäden, die anschließend immer zu strähnigen und wolkigen Fadenablagen im Vlies führen.With this mechanically-aerodynamically coupled stretching using a suction channel, spunbonded nonwovens can be produced from uniformly highly stretched threads with a uniform distribution of the threads over the width of the fleece. In the case of suction channels, in which the channel flow is generally the most uniform, only so much force has to be applied that the threads are pulled off the pair of drawing rollers. Previous methods with suction channels under the spinneret allow only a slight stretching of the threads. Although higher stretching can be achieved with pressure channels, the result is still far from what can be achieved with mechanical stretching. The previously known combination of mechanical stretching and subsequent withdrawal with injector channels was limited to thread bundles or tapes with English threads, which then always lead to stringy and cloudy thread deposits in the fleece.

Die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten gleichmäßigen Spinnvliese aus hochverstreckten Fäden können auf einem normalen horizontal verlaufenden Auffangband, meistens ein Siebband abgelegt werden, wobei die Luft unterhalb desselben abgesaugt wird. Eine besondere Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Ablage auf einer Siebtrommel. Diese hat den Vorteil, daß es sich um eine starre, wenn auch gewölbte Fläche handelt. Unterhalb der drehenden Fläche können feste oder oszillierende oder ein Muster mit der drehenden Fläche bildende Strömungswiderstände angeordnet werden, so daß die Fäden durch eine Stromaufwärtswirkung dieser Hindernisse hin und her bewegt werden, wodurch eine höhere Gleichmäßigkeit der Vliese erzielt werden kann.The uniform spunbonded nonwovens produced according to the invention and made from highly drawn threads can be placed on a normal, horizontally running collecting belt, usually a sieve belt, the air being sucked off below it. A special embodiment of the invention is the storage on a sieve drum. This has the advantage that it is a rigid, if curved, surface. Fixed or oscillating flow resistances or a pattern with the rotating surface can be arranged below the rotating surface, so that the threads are caused by an upstream effect of the latter Obstacles are moved back and forth, whereby a higher uniformity of the nonwovens can be achieved.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel ist in der Zeichnung dargestellung und wird in der folgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung von der Stirnseite in Richtung der Fadenschar her gesehen mit unten absaugendem Luftkanal (Saugbetrieb), und
Fig. 2
eine Ansicht der Walzen mit Abzugskanal nach einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem Luft in den Abzugskanal längs der Oberfläche der Abzugswalze eingeblasen wird.
An embodiment is shown in the drawing and is explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:
Fig. 1
a first embodiment of the device according to the invention seen from the front in the direction of the thread sheet forth with the suction air duct below (suction mode), and
Fig. 2
a view of the rollers with an extraction duct according to a further embodiment, in which air is blown into the extraction duct along the surface of the extraction roller.

In Fig. 1 treten Fäden eines schmelzspinnbaren Polymers wie Polyamid, Polyester, Polypropylen aus einer Rechteckspinndüse 1, in der Düsenbohrungen in Reihen angeordnet sind, als Fadenschar 2 aus. Die schmelzflüssigen Fäden werden durch eine durch die Pfeile 3 angedeutete Queranblasung mit Luft abgekühlt, wobei auch Anblasungen von innen nach außen durch zwei Fadenscharen einsetzbar sind. Im weiteren Verlauf wird die Fadenschar, von der Stirnseite betrachtet, wegen der nach unten grundsätzlich zusammenlaufenden Fäden, nur noch durch die Linie 4 bzw. 4a dargestellt. Im Ausgangszustand verlaufen die Fäden längs der Linie für 4a. Sie durchtreten ein Walzenduo 5a, 5b, welches in seiner Ausgangsstellung ebenfalls gestrichelt gekennzeichnet ist, und gelangen in einen Kanal 6, der anfangs schmal ausgebildet ist und in eine diffusorartige Erweiterung übergeht. Er endet in einer Legezone 7 über einer Siebtrommel 8, in deren Innerem die Luft aus dem Kanal 6 durch die abgelegten Fäden in die Kammer 9 gesaugt und zur Seite durch den Kanal 10 herausgeführt wird. In dieser Betriebsweise des Ausgangszustandes werden die Fäden allein aerodynamisch durch die Saugwirkung im Innern der Trommel verzogen und bis zu einem gewissen Grade verstreckt. Das Walzenpaar, dessen Oberfläche der von Streckgaletten im Spinnstreckverfahren entspricht, ist einschließlich seiner Antriebe drehend gelagert, was hier nicht näher gezeigt wird. Wird das Walzenpaar 5a, 5b längs der Linie 11 in-Richtung des Pfeiles 12 um den gemeinsamen Mittelpunkt 13 gedreht, so wird die Fadenschar, die zunächst berührungslos zwischen beiden Walzen hindurchtrat, ausgelenkt. Im Endzustand wird eine S-förmige Umschlingung erreicht. Gleichzeitig mit dieser Bewegung oder auch danach wird der Kanal samt der Ablege- oder Siebtrommel 8 längs der Pfeile 14 und 15 seitlich und nach oben verschoben, so daß der Kanal 6 dicht an der Walze 5b anliegt. Der Einlauf des Kanals 6 ist so gestaltet, daß er einen Teil der um die Walze mitbewegten Luft, die als Grenzschicht bezeichnet wird, abschält und in den Kanal 6 leitet. Dadurch wird die Wirkung des Kanals 6 verbessert. In dem anschließenden Diffusorteil verringert sich die Luftgeschwindigkeit bis sie die Fadengeschwindigkeit unterschreitet und die Fäden sich in Wellen, dann in Schlaufen legen. Die Kraft, die über den Kanal besonders im Ziehteil 16, in dem die höchste Strömungsgeschwindigkeit herrscht, auf die Fäden ausgeübt wird, wird durch die Reibungswirkung der Walzen, deren Umfangsgeschwindigkeit gleich der Fadengeschwindigkeit ist, verstärkt. Auch wenn der Impuls der Walzengrenzschicht nicht genutzt werden soll, wird der Luftkanal möglichst dicht an die Walze herangefahren, damit keine unnötig langen freien Lauflängen der Fäden auftreten, in denen durch Bremswirkung der umgebenden Luft die Kräfte verringert werden. In dem Bereich zwischen Walzen und Düse 1 und zwischen beiden Walzen 5a, 5b in der Strecke 17 läßt sich dies nicht verhindern, weswegen die Walzen 5a, 5b nicht zu weit auseinanderliegen sollten. Die übrigbleibende Kraft erzeugt durch die Wirkung des Luftkanals, verstärkt über die Reibungskräfte der Walzen, vermindert vor allem durch die Bremswirkung längs der Strecke zwischen Düse 1 und Walzen 5a, 5b, wird zum Verzug und zur Verstreckung der Fäden in dem Bereich unterhalb der Düse 1, wo sie noch schmelzflüssig und verformbar sind, verwendet. Um eine hohe molekulare Orientierung und damit Festigkeit bei geringer Dehnung, wie es im allgemeinen gewünscht wird, zu erhalten, soll die in diesen Bereich gelangende Kraft möglichst groß sein, weshalb der Bereich zwischen Düse 1 und Walzen 5a, 5b auch nur so lang sein soll wie zur Abkühlung der Fäden und aus Bedienungsgründen benötigt wird.In Fig. 1, threads of a melt-spinnable polymer such as polyamide, polyester, polypropylene emerge from a rectangular spinning nozzle 1, in which nozzle bores are arranged in rows, as a thread sheet 2. The molten threads are cooled with air by means of a transverse blowing indicated by the arrows 3, whereby blowing from the inside to the outside can also be used through two sets of threads. In the further course, the group of threads, viewed from the front side, is only represented by line 4 or 4a because of the threads that basically converge downward. In the initial state, the threads run along the line for 4a. You pass through a roller duo 5a, 5b, which is also dashed in its starting position is marked, and get into a channel 6, which is initially narrow and merges into a diffuser-like extension. It ends in a laying zone 7 above a screening drum 8, in the interior of which the air is sucked out of the channel 6 through the deposited threads into the chamber 9 and is led out to the side through the channel 10. In this mode of operation of the initial state, the threads are only aerodynamically distorted by the suction effect inside the drum and stretched to a certain degree. The pair of rollers, the surface of which corresponds to that of stretch godets in the spin-stretching process, is rotatably supported, including its drives, which is not shown in more detail here. If the pair of rollers 5a, 5b is rotated along the line 11 in the direction of the arrow 12 around the common center point 13, the family of threads, which initially passed between the two rollers without contact, is deflected. In the final state, an S-shaped loop is achieved. Simultaneously with this movement or also afterwards, the channel together with the depositing or screening drum 8 is moved laterally and upwards along the arrows 14 and 15, so that the channel 6 lies tightly against the roller 5b. The inlet of the channel 6 is designed in such a way that it peels off part of the air moving around the roller, which is referred to as the boundary layer, and leads it into the channel 6. This improves the effect of the channel 6. In the subsequent diffuser part, the air speed decreases until it falls below the thread speed and the threads lay in waves, then in loops. The force that is exerted on the threads via the channel, particularly in the drawing part 16, in which the highest flow speed prevails, is due to the friction effect of the rollers, the peripheral speed of which is equal to the thread speed, is increased. Even if the impulse of the roller boundary layer is not to be used, the air duct is moved as close as possible to the roller so that no unnecessarily long free run lengths of the threads occur, in which the forces are reduced by the braking effect of the surrounding air. In the area between the rollers and the nozzle 1 and between the two rollers 5a, 5b in the path 17, this cannot be prevented, which is why the rollers 5a, 5b should not be too far apart. The remaining force generated by the action of the air duct, increased by the frictional forces of the rolls, reduced primarily by the braking action along the distance between the nozzle 1 and the rolls 5a, 5b, is used to warp and stretch the threads in the area below the nozzle 1 where they are still molten and deformable. In order to obtain a high molecular orientation and thus strength at low elongation, as is generally desired, the force entering this area should be as large as possible, which is why the area between nozzle 1 and rollers 5a, 5b should only be as long how to cool the threads and for operational reasons.

Der Luftkanal wird in seinem oberen Ende 16 möglichst eng gehalten, zum Beispiel in einer Weite von 2 mm aber auch 1 mm, um möglichst geringe Luftmengen, die bei der Legung nur stören würden, zu verarbeiten. Die Weite richtet sich nach der Menge und Titer der Fäden und einem gewissen Zuschlag aus Gründen der Betriebssicherheit. Die Abzugs- und Legevorrichtung, bestehend aus dem Walzenpaar 5a, 5b und dem Kanal 6, sind derart ausgebildet, daß ein möglichst großer Umschlingungswinkel insgesamt an beiden Walzen erzeugt wird, um entsprechend höhere Kräfte auf die Fäden übertragen zu können. Allerdings wird zwischen den Walzen 5a, 5b praktisch nicht verstreckt, da die Umschlingungswinkel und damit die Reibungskräfte im allgemeinen nicht ausreichen. Der Mantel der Siebtrommel 8 kann aus sechseckigen Wabenwänden 18, sogenannten Honigwabenstrukturen aufgebaut sein. Die Wände dieser Waben stehen senkrecht zu der Strömungsrichtung. Sie können also sehr dünn sein und beeinflussen damit die Durchströmung wenig und bilden trotzdem einen sehr steifen Zylindermantel. Die Wabenwände 18 mit Schlüsselweiten von zum Beispiel 6 bis 8 mm ist mit einem feineren Sieb aus Metall oder Kunststoff belegt. Im letzten Fall kann es als Schlauch auf die Trommel aufgeschrumpft werden, wodurch eine Naht, die sich im Vlies abzeichnen könnte, vermieden wird.The air duct is kept as narrow as possible in its upper end 16, for example in a width of 2 mm but also 1 mm, in order to process the smallest possible amounts of air which would only interfere with the laying. The width depends on the quantity and titer of the threads and a certain surcharge for reasons of operational safety. The trigger and laying device, Consisting of the pair of rollers 5a, 5b and the channel 6, are designed such that the largest possible wrap angle is generated on both rollers in order to be able to transmit correspondingly higher forces to the threads. However, there is practically no stretching between the rollers 5a, 5b, since the wrap angles and thus the frictional forces are generally not sufficient. The jacket of the sieve drum 8 can be constructed from hexagonal honeycomb walls 18, so-called honeycomb structures. The walls of these honeycombs are perpendicular to the direction of flow. So they can be very thin and thus have little influence on the flow and still form a very rigid cylinder jacket. The honeycomb walls 18 with wrench sizes of, for example, 6 to 8 mm are covered with a finer sieve made of metal or plastic. In the latter case, it can be shrunk onto the drum as a hose, thereby avoiding a seam that could appear in the fleece.

Oben in dem Absaugkammer9 unterhalb der Legezone 7 können durch die unterbrochene Linie dargestellte perforierte Elemente 19 eingebaut sein. Diese dienen zum einen zur Drosselung der Absaugestärke, da diese beim Beginn der Legung, in Fig. 1 auf der linken Seite der Legezone 7, nicht zu stark sein sollte, um hier nicht unnötig viel Luft durchzusaugen. Das perforierte Element hat dort eine geringere Durchlässigkeit und mit zunehmender Ablage von Fäden nach rechts hin eine zunehmende Durchlässigkeit. Darüber hinaus können gezielt Stellen abgedeckt werden. Dreht sich eine Wabe darüber hinweg, so wird an dieser zugedeckten Wabe weniger Fadengut abgelegt, verursacht durch eine Stromaufwärtswirkung dieses verschlossenen Bereiches. Die Strömung weicht zur Seite aus. Auf diese Weise kann ein Hin- und Herschwingen in kleinen Amplituden der Fäden erzielt werden. Dies ist nur dann möglich, wenn die Waben keine allzu große Länge in Strömungsrichtung haben, da sonst die Stromaufwärtswirkung gedämpft wird und am Ende gar nicht mehr zur Geltung kommt.Perforated elements 19 shown by the broken line can be installed at the top in the suction chamber 9 below the laying zone 7. On the one hand, these serve to throttle the suction strength, since this should not be too strong at the beginning of the laying, in Fig. 1 on the left side of the laying zone 7, so as not to suck in too much air here. The perforated element has a lower permeability there and with increasing deposition of threads towards the right, an increasing permeability. In addition, specific positions can be covered. If a honeycomb rotates over it, less thread material is deposited on this covered honeycomb, caused by an upstream effect of this closed area. The current dodges to the side. In this way, swinging back and forth in small amplitudes of the threads can be achieved. This is only possible if the honeycombs are not too long in the direction of flow, otherwise the upstream effect will be dampened and will no longer be effective at the end.

In Fig. 1 ist angedeutet, wie das durch die Fadenschar erzeugte Vlies 20 nach seiner Ablage von der Siebtrommel 8 bei einer Walze 21 abgenommen wird, diese in einem gewissen Winkel umschlingt und dann einem Walzenpaar 21a, 21b eines Kalanders zugeführt wird, von dem es unter Druck und Temperatur verschweißt wird. Anschließend wird es in einer nicht näher gezeigten Technik, der in Warenbahnverarbeitungen bekannten Wickeleinrichtung zu einem Wickel 22 aufgerollt.In Fig. 1 it is indicated how the fleece 20 produced by the thread sheet is removed after it has been deposited by the screening drum 8 in a roller 21, loops around it at a certain angle and then fed to a pair of rollers 21a, 21b of a calender, from which it is fed is welded under pressure and temperature. It is then rolled up into a winding 22 using a technique, not shown in more detail, of the winding device known in web processing.

In Fig. 2 ist eine Anordnung zum Abziehen der Fäden von der Walze 5b mittels eines Injektorkanals dargestellt, wobei die Anordnung besonders dann angewandt wird, wenn nicht eine sich über die gesamte Vliesbreite erstreckende Fadenschar sondern Fadenscharen aus einzelnen parallel zueinander stehenden Spinndüsen vorgesehen sind. Diese lassen sich dann nicht mehr im Saugbetrieb fahren, weil die Fadenscharen aus den einzelnen Spinn- und Verstreckpositionen sich überlappen müssen und dazu in einer Freistrahlzone geschwenkt werden müssen. Dazu kann sichder übliche Injektorkänal an die zweite Walze 5b anschließen. Der Impuls zum Transport der Fadenschar wird durch einen Strahl 23 in Fig. 2 ausgelöst, der auf die Walze 5b gerichtet ist und aus dem Schlitz eines Kanals 24 strömt, welcher mit Luft unter bestimmtem Druck und bestimmter Temperatur in Richtung des Pfeiles 25 gespeist wird.2 shows an arrangement for withdrawing the threads from the roller 5b by means of an injector channel, the arrangement being used particularly when not a thread family extending over the entire fleece width but rather thread families consisting of individual spinnerets standing parallel to one another are provided. These can then no longer be operated in suction mode because the thread coulters from the individual spinning and drawing positions have to overlap and have to be pivoted in a free jet zone. For this purpose, the usual injector channel can connect to the second roller 5b. The impulse to transport the thread sheet is triggered by a beam 23 in FIG. 2, which is directed onto the roller 5b and out of the slot a channel 24 flows, which is fed with air at a certain pressure and temperature in the direction of arrow 25.

Der Injektorkanal mit den zuvor beschriebenen Ungleichmäßigkeiten, herrührend durch nicht konstant bleibende Schlitze, hat den Vorteil, daß etwaige Ungleichmäßigkeiten des Strahles 23 an dem mit der Fadengeschwindigkeit drehenden Walze 5b ausgeglichen werden. Die Geschwindigkeit der Luft des Strahles 23 braucht nicht sehr viel höher zu sein als die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der Walze 5b. Die Grenzschicht der mit der Walze 5b bewegten Luft hat eine starke Vergleichmäßigungswirkung.The injector channel with the irregularities described above, resulting from slots which do not remain constant, has the advantage that any irregularities in the jet 23 on the roller 5b rotating at the thread speed are compensated for. The speed of the air of the jet 23 need not be much higher than the peripheral speed of the roller 5b. The boundary layer of the air moved by the roller 5b has a strong leveling effect.

Zwischen dem reinen Saugbetrieb, beschrieben anhand von Fig. 1 und dem Druckbetrieb, beispielhaft beschrieben an Fig. 2, gibt es auch Mischformen, die sich aus dem Gehalt der Erfindung mit technischem Sachverstand ergeben, ohne daß sie hier beschrieben werden müßten. So kann beispielsweise in den Kasnal 6 in Fig. 1 von oben in der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Weise zusätzlich Luft eingeblasen werden.Between the pure suction operation, described with reference to FIG. 1 and the pressure operation, described by way of example on FIG. 2, there are also mixed forms which result from the content of the invention with technical expertise, without having to be described here. For example, air can additionally be blown into the cassette 6 in FIG. 1 from above in the manner shown in FIG. 2.

Anhand von Fig. 1 wurde beschrieben, wie der Kanal 6 aus seiner Ruhestellung in die Endstellung durch Verschieben seitlich und dann in der Höhe an die Walze herangefahren wird, wobei zur Ablage der Fäden die Siebtrommel 8 dient. Ebenso ist es möglich, den Abzugskanal 6 aus seiner Ruhestellung heraus zu kippen und in die Höhe zu verfahren, auch wenn er auf ein Siebband abgelegt werden soll.Der Ausgleich in der Höhe und der wegen der anfänglich zwischen den Walzen 5a, 5b und dann nach Einschwenken der Walzen 5a, 5b seitlich versetzt dazu verlaufenden Fadenschar seitliche Ausgleich kann auch derart realisiert werden, daß das Walzenpaar 5a, 5b entsprechend verschoben und auf den Kanal 6 zu gesenkt wird, so daß dieser mit der Ablagetrommel 8 oder dem Siebband nicht bewegt werden muß. Es können auch Hilfsluftströme in den Kanal 6 eingesetzt werden, wenn im Saugbetrieb der Kanal 6 zunächst nicht über die Ablegezone 7 gestellt werden soll.With reference to FIG. 1 it was described how the channel 6 is moved from its rest position into the end position by shifting laterally and then in height to the roller, the sieve drum 8 serving to deposit the threads. It is also possible to tilt the discharge channel 6 out of its rest position and to move it upwards, even if it is to be placed on a sieve belt. The compensation in height and because of the initially between the rollers 5a, 5b and then afterwards Swiveling the rollers 5a, 5b laterally offset to it Thread compensation lateral compensation can also be realized in such a way that the pair of rollers 5a, 5b are shifted accordingly and lowered towards the channel 6, so that the latter does not have to be moved with the storage drum 8 or the screen belt. Auxiliary air flows can also be used in the channel 6, if the channel 6 should not initially be placed over the storage zone 7 in suction mode.

Die Walzen 5a, 5b werden vorzugsweise von frequenzgesteuerten Motoren angetrieben, wobei die Steuerung über eine Steuervorrichtung (nicht dargestellt) erfolgt. Eine weitere Steuervorrichtung steuert das Verschwenken des Walzenpaares 5a, 5b und die Positionierung zum Kanal 6, was mit Hilfe von Sensoren geschehen kann. Die Geschwindigkeit der Walzen kann so gesteuert werden, daß aus Gründen der Fadenspannung die zweite Walze 5b etwas schneller läuft oder zur Beeinflussung des Schrumpfes langsamer läuft, so daß Relaxation eintritt. Dieses dient aber nur zur zusätzlichen Erzielung von Effekten. Im Normalfall werden beide Walzen den gleichen Durchmesser haben und mit gleicher Umdrehungszahl, also mit gleicher Umfangsgeschwindigkeit betrieben werden, so daß die auf den Faden übertragenen Kräfte längs des Umschlingungswinkels addieren.The rollers 5a, 5b are preferably driven by frequency-controlled motors, the control being carried out via a control device (not shown). Another control device controls the pivoting of the roller pair 5a, 5b and the positioning to the channel 6, which can be done with the help of sensors. The speed of the rolls can be controlled so that the second roll 5b runs somewhat faster for reasons of thread tension or runs slower to influence the shrinkage, so that relaxation occurs. However, this only serves to achieve additional effects. In the normal case, both rollers will have the same diameter and be operated at the same number of revolutions, that is to say at the same peripheral speed, so that the forces transmitted to the thread add up along the wrap angle.

Soll eine höhere Verstreckung, als mit einem Walzenpaar und dem Luftkanal möglich ist, erzielt werden, so können mehrere Walzenduos untereinander in der Falllinie von der Düse zur Ablegeeinrichtung angeordnet sein und in der beschriebenen Weise eingeschwenkt werden.If a higher stretch than is possible with a pair of rollers and the air duct is to be achieved, several roller duos can be arranged one below the other in the falling line from the nozzle to the depositing device and swiveled in as described.

Wenn sich die Verstreckwalzen 5a, 5b über eine größere Vliesbreite erstrecken, so ist es möglich, daß sie an beiden Seiten gelagert sind. Dieses vereinfacht die Konstruktion gegenüber einseitig gelagerten schnellaufenden Galetten großer Walzenoberbreite erheblich. Diese vereinfachte Lagerung ist möglich, weil die Fadenschar sich in der beschriebenen Weise durch Drehen des Walzenpaares selbst in die Umschlingung einfädelt. Es sind Überwachungseinrichtungen mit zum Beispiel Lichtschranken vorgesehen, die den Antrieb der Walzen beim Wickeln durch eine Betriebsstörung abschalten und eine Entfernung der Wickel gestatten. Die weiterhin ausgesponnenen Fäden werden oberhalb der Walzen aufgefangen und beim Anspinnen, bei dem die Walzen sich wieder in der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausgangsstellung befinden, wird man die Fadenschar in den Kanal Stück um Stück einspeisen und durch Schwenkmanöver über die Verstreckung und Legung wieder in ein Vlies umformen.If the stretching rollers 5a, 5b extend over a larger fleece width, it is possible that they are supported on both sides. This considerably simplifies the design compared to single-sided, high-speed, high-speed roller godets. This simplified storage is possible because the family of threads is threading itself into the loop in the manner described by rotating the pair of rollers. Monitoring devices are provided, for example with light barriers, which switch off the drive of the rollers during the winding process due to a malfunction and allow the windings to be removed. The threads that are still spun out are caught above the rollers and when piecing, in which the rollers are again in the starting position shown in FIG. 1, the thread family will be fed piece by piece into the channel and back in again by swiveling over stretching and laying forming a fleece.

Bei der Hitzeverschweißung von Vliesen ist es oft von Vorteil, wenn unterschiedliche Fäden vorliegen, von denen ein Teil sich während der Verschweißung nicht oder nur wenig verändert und dem Vlies die Festigkeit gibt, während ein anderer, geringerer Teil die Verschweißung der Fäden miteinander bewirkt, dadurch, daß er einen tieferen Schmelzpunkt hat, oder auch weniger verstreckt, und damit weniger kritallin ist und eher schmilzt. Letzteres kann auch bei derselben Fadenart vorliegen, wenn diese in Segmenten unterschiedlich verstreckt werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung gestattet auch die Verarbeitung von Fadenscharen aus zwei Düsen statt nur der einen Spinndüse 1 in Fig. 1.In the heat welding of nonwovens, it is often advantageous to have different threads, some of which do not change or only change slightly during the welding and give the nonwoven the strength, while another, smaller part causes the threads to be welded to one another that it has a lower melting point, or less stretched, and is therefore less critical and more likely to melt. The latter can also be present with the same type of thread if these are stretched differently in segments. The device according to the invention also permits the processing of thread sheets from two nozzles instead of only the one spinneret 1 in FIG. 1.

In diesem Fall wäre eine zweite daneben angeordnet und die Fadenschar eines zum Beispiel tieferschmelzenden Polymers oder Copolymers derselben Gattungwie aus der Spinndüse 1 würde auf die Linie 4a bzw. 4 zugeführt und dann gemeinsam mit den Strukturfäden verstreckt werden. Es ist auch grundsätzlich möglich, einen Teil der Fäden aus der gleichen Spinndüse abzuzweigen und nicht über die mechanische Verstreckung des Walzenpaares 5 zu schicken oder eine Fadenschar erst am Luftkanal in das Segment bei 23 einzuführen und dann im Luftkanal mit der die mechanische Verstreckung durchlaufenen Fadenschar zu vereinigen. Andererseits ist es ebenso möglich, Bikomponentenfäden aus zwei Komponenten aus einer dafür besonders gestalteten Spinndüse auszuspinnen und dann in der beschriebenen Weise über Verstreckung und Legeeinrichtung zu einem Vlies abzulegen.In this case, a second one would be arranged next to it and the group of threads of, for example, a lower-melting polymer or copolymer of the same type as from the spinneret 1 would be fed to the line 4a or 4 and then stretched together with the structural threads. It is also fundamentally possible to branch off some of the threads from the same spinneret and not to send them over the mechanical stretching of the pair of rollers 5 or to introduce a thread sheet into the segment at 23 only at the air duct and then into the air duct with the thread sheet that has passed through the mechanical stretching unite. On the other hand, it is also possible to spin bicomponent threads from two components out of a specially designed spinneret and then to lay them down into a fleece in the manner described above by stretching and laying device.

Die grundsätzliche Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann durch weitere Abwandlungen und Ergänzungen ausgestaltet werden. So können, wenn es notwendig oder gewünscht ist, Präparationen auf die Fäden unterhalb der Anblasung 3 aufgetragen werden.The basic embodiment of the present invention can be configured by further modifications and additions. Thus, if necessary or desired, preparations can be applied to the threads below the blowing 3.

Die Walzen können geheizt werden, wodurch sich besonders der Schrumpf bei vielen Polymeren besser kontrollieren läßt .The rollers can be heated, which makes it easier to control the shrinkage of many polymers.

Claims (15)

  1. Process for the production of spunbonded nonwoven from a melt spinning material, in which threads are spun out from spinning nozzles and are directed substantially parallel over rollers and drawn off via an air channel while the rollers rotate at approximately the same speed, characterised in that the threads are subjected to both a mechanical and an aerodynamic force applied to stretch them, wherein the flow speed in the draw-off channel is selected dependent on the circumferential speed of the rollers; and that in start-up mode, the threads are firstly drawn between the rollers of at least one pair of rollers in a non-contact manner by means of an air flow; and that subsequently the threads are directed around and on the rollers with as large an angle of wrap as possible.
  2. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the air flow is directed through a draw-off channel; and that to avoid a free run length, the draw-off channel is brought as close to the respective roller as possible, or the roller is brought as close to the draw-off channel as possible, during rotation of the rollers or thereafter.
  3. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the air flow in the draw-off channel is generated by means of extraction through a cuttling surface preferably constructed as a suction drum.
  4. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the suction intensity is reduced by means of throttle elements.
  5. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the air flow is applied as a pressure flow.
  6. Apparatus for conducting the process according to Claim 1, characterised by at least one spinning nozzle for spinning out parallel threads arranged to form a yarn sheet, a drawing-off device for stretching the threads and a laying device for cuttling the threads to form a nonwoven which is bonded in a bonding device, wherein the drawing-off device has at least one pair of rollers (5a, 5b), around which the yarn sheet is looped, and a draw-off channel (6) connected thereto to draw off the yarn sheet from the roller (5b) by means of a flow, wherein the rollers (5a, 5b) and the draw-off channel in its upper region (16) adjoining the roller (5b) have a roller and draw-off channel width corresponding to the width of the yarn sheet comprising parallel spun-out threads, and the pair of rollers (5a, 5b) are arranged to rotate around a centre of gravity (13) located on the line connecting the central points of the rollers.
  7. Apparatus according to Claim 6, characterised in that the draw-off channel (6) is of very narrow construction in the upper region and merges into a diffusor-like widened section.
  8. Apparatus according to Claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the laying device has a suction drum (8), which is fitted on its inside with a suction channel (9) for extracting the air through the draw-off channel (6).
  9. Apparatus according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the laying device (8) is fitted with throttle elements (19) for reducing the suction intensity or the flow through the draw-off channel (6).
  10. Apparatus according to Claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the suction drum (8) has a honeycomb structure.
  11. Apparatus according to one of Claims 6 to 10, characterised in that a follow-up device is provided which during or after rotation of the pair of rollers (5a, 5b) follows the draw-off channel (6) in such a way that its upper end is directly adjacent to the roller (5b).
  12. Apparatus according to one of Claims 6 to 10, characterised in that a follow-up device is provided which during or after rotation of the pair of rollers (5a, 5b) follows the rollers in such a way that the upper end of the draw-off channel (6) is directly adjacent to the rollers (5b).
  13. Apparatus according to one of Claims 6 to 12, characterised in that several spinning nozzles are arranged adjacent to one another in a line to produce yarn sheets.
  14. Apparatus according to one of Claims 6 to 13, characterised in that the draw-off channel (6) is subjected to a pressure flow.
  15. Apparatus according to one of Claims 6 to 14, characterised in that the rollers (5a, 5b) are supported on both sides.
EP91250267A 1990-10-11 1991-10-01 Process and apparatus for producing spunbonded nonwoven Expired - Lifetime EP0480550B1 (en)

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DE4032523 1990-10-11
DE4032523A DE4032523C2 (en) 1990-10-11 1990-10-11 Method and device for producing spunbonded nonwovens

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EP0480550B1 true EP0480550B1 (en) 1996-01-10

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DE4237298C2 (en) * 1992-10-05 1996-04-18 Silver Plastics Gmbh & Co Kg Hydrophobic composite material made of non-woven layers made of thermoplastic
DE4236514C2 (en) * 1992-10-26 1997-03-27 Fischer Karl Ind Gmbh Method and device for conveying and depositing sheets of endless threads by means of air forces
US5665300A (en) * 1996-03-27 1997-09-09 Reemay Inc. Production of spun-bonded web
DE20308475U1 (en) 2003-05-16 2003-09-18 Corovin Gmbh, 31224 Peine Fleece fibers burst into numerous filaments caused by internal buildup of hydrostatic pressure greater than that of ambient gas pressure
DE10322460B4 (en) * 2003-05-16 2007-02-08 Corovin Gmbh Method and apparatus for producing a spunbonded web of filaments of broken fibers, filaments of broken fibers and nonwoven web
JP5731948B2 (en) * 2011-04-06 2015-06-10 旭化成せんい株式会社 Thermoplastic nonwoven fabric
CN103789927B (en) * 2014-01-24 2017-02-15 廊坊中纺新元无纺材料有限公司 Manufacturing method of spun-laid non-woven fabric
CN110331521A (en) * 2019-06-13 2019-10-15 大连华阳新材料科技股份有限公司 Improve the method for spun-bonded non-woven product of production line uniformity

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US3338992A (en) * 1959-12-15 1967-08-29 Du Pont Process for forming non-woven filamentary structures from fiber-forming synthetic organic polymers
NL296015A (en) * 1962-05-16
US3314122A (en) * 1963-07-01 1967-04-18 Du Pont Apparatus for forming non-woven web structures
US3384944A (en) * 1965-02-10 1968-05-28 Du Pont Apparatus for extruding and blending
US3394435A (en) * 1966-05-31 1968-07-30 Du Pont Apparatus for making a nonwoven web
DE2022943A1 (en) * 1969-07-31 1971-02-11 Schwarza Chemiefaser Spin - drawing polyamides, polyesters and - polyolefins, to non-woven fabric
DE1965054C3 (en) * 1969-12-27 1979-06-07 Lueder Dr.-Ing. 1000 Berlin Gerking Process for the production of nonwovens from continuous filaments
NL7710470A (en) * 1977-09-26 1979-03-28 Akzo Nv METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A NON-WOVEN FABRIC FROM SYNTHETIC FILAMENTS.
DE3645330C2 (en) * 1986-02-07 1999-10-07 Reifenhaeuser Masch Device for producing a thread fleece from drawn filaments made of a synthetic polymer

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DE4032523C2 (en) 1995-04-27
CN1061631A (en) 1992-06-03
DE59107241D1 (en) 1996-02-22
DE4032523A1 (en) 1992-04-16
EP0480550A1 (en) 1992-04-15

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