DE2041192A1 - Support body for the roots of plants - Google Patents

Description

It has already become known various synthetic organic Foams in agriculture, in particular in horticulture, for soil improvement and as a plant substrate use. In particular, it has already been proposed to use foam in flakes or lumpy form, such as polyurethane foam, Urea-formaldehyde resin foam, polystyrene foam and the like, to be seen from the surface of the crumb. This will the earth layer loosens, the water retention capacity is improved, and there is an insulating effect, especially through the addition of closed-cell foams, such as, for example, polystyrene foam through which an improvement in the heat balance is achieved.

In order to achieve special effects, it has already been suggested that Foam flakes or foams ground into powders, optionally with the addition of nutrients and / or fillers, to bind with a water-soluble binding agent to form aggregates that can be better incorporated into the soil and then disintegrate again into the individual bed parts.

109810/029?

BATH ORIGINAL

Growing plants with such a mixture of soil, porous material and fertilizers in its own containers is however, very time consuming and difficult. If you want to load a container with this mixture, you always have to create this mixture immediately beforehand, because it is during storage segregation occurs, creating the breeding ground for the Plants becomes inhomogeneous. Welters has the disadvantage that the hair roots are damaged when the plants are moved and also the larger roots occurs, as the mixture only loosely adheres to one another and when the plants are moved falls from the roots. This disrupts the water balance of the plant, causing a large part of the hair roots, which are only viable in moisture, to die off. When plants that have been grown with this mixture are moved, the growth of the plant stops for a long time Plant, as the nutrient and water uptake by the the number of hair roots is reduced and, on the other hand, the plant is initially used for regeneration or regeneration. to rebuild the rootstock you can use mifl.

It has therefore already been proposed to manufacture plant substrates in the form of molded bodies or blocks made of foam, in particular polyurethane. Pie Same; » will be on laid the substrate or introduced into incisions in the foam. In which catfish, by the way, cuttings or young plants can also be used. The thin-walled. In particular, open-cell foams are used by almost all plants well rooted, and the roots are always well ventilated and can absorb nutrient solutions with which the foam is doused.

However, it is now difficult to incorporate such additives or fillers into a compact block of foam. A number of

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In some cases, the foam can already contain nutrients be added in the course of its manufacture. Multiple However, liquid nutrient solutions, even more solid nutrient substrates, which cause foaming or hardening of the Can have an unfavorable effect on the plastic.

The present invention has set itself the goal of "avoiding the disadvantages mentioned above and essentially consists in the fact that the support body for the roots of plants is made up of a mixture of foam flakes and nutrients, and optionally fillers, which mixture is composed of a - preferably gelatinized water-insoluble binder is held together «This gives a foam that has a relatively high strength, so that manipulation is made much easier. The nutrients are evenly distributed and can gradually be released from the foam to the plant, as well as easily absorbed by it _e

If the foam contains flakes from a mixture of two different materials, such as ζ · Β · a foam, which contains predominantly open pores with such a which mainly contains closed pores, ζ soft and hard polyurethane foam, so 1st is a particularly good one Rooting of the young plants guaranteed * At the same time protection against extreme climatic conditions is also achieved. By choosing a certain mixing ratio from open-pore foam to closed-pore foam the foam came up exactly for a certain type of plant to the desired conditions. At Er-. increase in the percentage of fine-pored foam the ventilation of the roots and the ability to pass water improved «This is particularly important for plants which have a high water consumption and., normally

109810/0291

BAD ORSQlNAL

Foam type

Pore size

in mm

% open water absorption pores or retention capacity (a = * loo) price / kg price / nr (a = loo) (a = loo)

Decomposition insulation

a. Polyether urethane soft foam

o, 5

95

loo loo

loo

difficult to rot

small amount

b, polyether urethane soft foam (hydrophilic )

o, 5

Ho 12o

12o difficult to rot

C, polyester urethane flexible foam

O.3-1

60

12o I50

150

rotable little

ο
to
CD

Polyltherurethan-Hartaohaum

Urn's peat formal> dehyde resin foam

Polystyrene foam

o, 2-o, 5

3-5

0.2-0.3 60-70

2-5

12o I60

loo

7o

l6o difficult to rot very easily

rotable medium

not rotting

very good

x) The ratio of prices refers to foam in block form.

> In the case of urea-formaldehyde resin foam, industrial

_o Bulk production considerable difficulties or costs for

H the drying in addition.

CD .C--

CD

are used in very moist soil. The water can after penetrate this foam very quickly after casting; on the other hand however, very intensive irrigation can also be achieved. The foam was used on tubs, for example that are supplied with intensive water. This is then sucked into the Wurasil area by the foam and delivered evenly to the roots.

With a higher percentage of closed cell foam the thermal insulation of the foam is increased. This also reduces the depth of the toast. So plants can are inserted much less deeply in these foams, than in normal earth. The growth of the young plants is accelerated by improving the heat balance. she can also be planted or exposed at an earlier time of the year at even cooler temperatures. The layered one of the foam can be made much smaller. Another advantage of this design is that different Frost-sensitive plants in a much harsher climate, e.g. in northern regions or in higher regions Mountain locations can be planted *

If the foam contains polystyrene foam particles, This achieves a lower specific weight of the foam, which makes manipulation much easier will.

If you want to get a higher strength of the foam, you can use polyurethane as a binder.

For example, 60 kg of flexible polyether urethane foam flakes are used (Debris weight 15 kg / nr), which may also contain crushed skin plates, with 35 kg of dried peat

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mull and 5 kg of full fertilizer mixed or with the appropriate Dosing devices entered directly into the mixing device provided for introducing the binding agent. In this mixing device is 25 kg of a possibly foamable polyurethane-forming mixture known per se sprayed in as a binder.

The flake mixture emerging from the mixing device is poured into a suitable mold and, for example pressurized by a stamp, to which it reacts; to accelerate the reaction or to improve it During the formation of foam in the binder, the mixture under pressure is advantageously exposed to a burst of steam.

After removal from the mold, the finished foam body has a density depending on the desired degree of compression between 6o and 2oo kg per no '. He can after planting must first be doused with a suitable bacteria-containing solution, as the steam causes partial sterilization may have occurred so that the substances added to the foam flakes are broken down more quickly, whereby the Plant gets nutrients faster.

The transplant is carried out by making a cut, punched or burned hole and inserting the seeds, Stocklings or young plants, possibly with the help of a pair of pliers. The plant carrier layer according to the invention shows a much better hydrous force than other known stickling substrates. It should be noted that the Irrigation water is more easily absorbed from above, while irrigation from below should only take place when the Foam is fully rooted.

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The looser the backing layer, the better the initial growth. For example, plants in a foam with a density of 60 kg / m · 'grow 30 % (weight of the plant green parts) faster within the first four weeks than in a foam with a density of 90 kg / m. On the other hand, the strength of the lighter material is lower.

Test plants showed significantly less failure under extremely unfavorable conditions than with conventional ones Substrates. This is particularly due to the stronger air ' durability of the plant carrier according to the invention traced back. Incidentally, it can be treated with all commercially available fertilizer solutions.

Are those drawn in the carrier layer according to the invention Plants exposed in others or repotted, it can be useful if the foam is slow rots. This can be improved if at least some of the Sehaura flakes are made from polyether urethane soft tissue exists, or if the foam material has a rotting agent was added.

If the foam has at least one, preferably perforated, reinforcement layer, this significantly increases its flexural strength and its resistance to tearing. This means that -bahn- * or -plate-shaped ». * -ge foams of larger dimensions can be achieved, which can be "cheaply * used" in the cultivation of wasteland, for example desert sections Plants are laid out on the ground »The ... reinforcement layer prevents breakage during rolling processes» This misplaced position. Iceim _fl s-? © üm - sle.'bel-

1098Ί 0 / 02-3.7 '' .- '. '■. ■ ■ ■ / *

BATH ORIGINAL

for example arranged on the underside of the foam is to be made waterproof at the same time, especially when laying in arid regions Avoid drainage of the water. On the other hand, it can also be perforated in order to be able to work in damp areas to allow the water to drain away and to prevent the plant roots from rotting.

The foam can also be reinforced with a layer of reinforcement the surface that is penetrated by the sprouting plants. For example, it can be used as protection against serve for intense sun exposure. However, further reinforcement layers can also be provided.

The reinforcement layer can consist of a textile material, of a plastic film or of foam, whereby the Selection made according to the favorable growth conditions for the plant, e.g. root penetration, water balance, etc. will.

In order to fasten the foam, which can be in the form of a sheet or plate, to the substrate, the reinforcement layer can with holding devices such as nails, pins or the like. be connected. However, other suitable fastening devices can also be used be provided, e.g. a grid can be placed over the laid foam, which at the edges or connected to the floor by the foam.

In addition to being in the form of a sheet or plate, the foam can, however, also have the shape of a flower pot or a flower box. In this Aua f IiIk ¹ Ui igeioiiu veibeeetfl the air Aufienschlchte formed *, ^{T |} e * etäitaiip, jJüg »t eile uv r Jc ¹ Ii> it nehr large Pea ti ^ k it deb Π» lamia toffee jjulIi 'ι * wcli iu an unenrtta real ei Austre 1 ei ι nu Wiitjo \ ι ν 1 1 ir ^ t ι jt a! u ι

BATH ORIGINAL

V »MTimr * t A'lJiiütHl λ

Foam biook be provided with a coating on the side surfaces and / or on the lower surface. This coating can consist of a waterproof, or in the lower area a perforated plastic film or a per se well-known ornamental pot or cachepot.

If waterproof coatings are used, there may be voids between the foam and the coating Absorption of nutrient solutions, fertilizers, water or the like. be provided. You can use foam off blocks, for example Equip a water reservoir, which puts the plants over do not have to be maintained for a longer period of time.

The coating can also consist of a material which allows penetration of the plant roots * This means that a later Avoid repotting.

Flower pots with cavities can be produced in such a way that Foam body with recesses on its surface in a mold, which is then coated with a coating are spanned in such a way that cavities arise between the 'recesses and the coating. Of the Foam body can have any on its surface Have profile, the depth of which depends on the size of the cavities to be produced. Thereupon is about this taut a film that is only attached to the elevations of the Profile rests on the foam body. The individual cavities can be connected to one another, for example, by channels or open to the outside to make it easier to fill them with water or nutrient fluid.

The support body according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to schematic drawings.

109810/0297

2OA1192

- Io -

Pig. 1 and 2 each show a section through a plant foam.

3 and 4 each show a section through one Foam with reinforcement layer or layers. The Pig. 5 and 6 each show a section through one Foam with holding device.

In Pig. 7 shows a section through a flower pot.

In Fig. 1 is a substantially plate-shaped support body 1 shown, which has closed-cell foam flakes 2 and open-cell foam flakes 3, which are surrounded by a substance 4, which is made of peat litter, fertilizers, and possibly from rotting accelerators and consists of the binder. On the surface, the carrier body 1 has an incision 5 into which a plant 6 is plugged in. From here the plant 6 drives its roots 7 into the foam.

In addition to the closed-cell and open-cell foam flakes 2 and 3, the carrier body 8 according to Pig 2 also has Polystyrene foam particles 9, which are again surrounded by the substance 4. Instead of the slot 5 can Foam can also be punctured, with such punctures, for example, instead of a young plant plant seeds can also be introduced.

The carrier body according to Pig. 3 consists of two layers of foam Io and 11, or the like from the mixture of foam flakes, peat litter, fertilizers described. composed are. Between these two layers Io and 11, a reinforcement layer 12 is arranged, which either consists of a textile fabric or a plastic roll. the Reinforcement insert 12 can either be inserted between layers Io and 11 during the production of the foam body whereupon the foam layers Io and 11 are good

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.- χι -

can be molded on with adhesive · The reinforcement insert can, however also with these layers with the help of a suitable glue be put together. The reinforcement layer 12 should be designed so that the plant roots penetrate it can be. The task of the reinforcement layer is to prevent tearing to avoid the foam when laying. Over time, the foam through the roots will become sufficient firmly connected to the floor, so that the reinforcement layer becomes superfluous. An impairment of plant growth to report through the reinforcement layer, it is useful if this is provided with a rotting agent is »whereby it only acts as a reinforcement of the foam composite» until it is sufficiently penetrated by roots, which then take over the reinforcement.

The carrier body according to Flg. 4 consists of a layer Io and a reinforcement layer provided on its underside This reinforcement layer consists of highly compressed foam » Fabric material with greater strength than that of the Foam layer lo. The foam layer Io is provided with a reinforcement layer 13 as a cover layer, which is called Protection from bird feed, exposure to the sun or the like. "Can serve."

Instead of a single reinforcement layer, you can also raetirere Reinforcement layer !! be provided “the. for example by Spacers are interconnected, and between. those .. pressure-sensitive bulbs or the like embedded

could be. . . .

The carrier body according to Pig » 5 has la -specific distances- ■ '■. Rod -shaped holding devices 14 aufy ü ± b .nach wading la ■ form a. Point-15 and up'in .Foraa © iner-Kuppe IS .jutting out of -the foam * .'Die- ^

'show in-the-area-of the verafto ^ iiungslage'

The strengthening situation is validated * ia .isfe «.. Bsi

BATH ORIGINAL

When the support body is laid, the holding devices can be conveniently knocked into the ground. An injury of the foam by the impact tool does not occur because the peaks 16 protrude beyond the foam. the Holding devices can also be designed extended upwards and od as a support device for glass plates. like. serve. In this way, greenhouses can be made very easily.

Fig. 6 shows one of a reinforcement layer 12 and a Foam layer Io existing carrier body over which a wire mesh 18 is placed, which through long, thin nails 19 * which protrude through the foam composite, attached to the ground.

The flower pot shown in Fig.7 consists of the foam layers Io and 11, between which the reinforcement layer 12 is arranged. The composite consists of a foil outer skin 2o surrounded, which prevents the water from flowing away. Instead of the outer film skin 2o, a customary one can also be used Flower pot may be provided. In the reinforcement layer 12 is a protruding upward from the composite Anchored rod 21, which serves as a support for the plants.

109810/0297

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

Claims (1)

Carrier body for the roots of plants, characterized in that that a mixture of foam flakes (2,3) and nutrients, and optionally fillers through a preferably foamed - water-insoluble binder is held together. 2. Support body according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a portion of the foam flakes consists of polyester urethane. In that it contains 3 · carrier body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that foam flakes from a mixture of one part, predominantly open-pored on the other hand _£ Predominantly closed-cell foam. 4. Carrier body according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the binder consists of polyurethane. 5. Carrier body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has at least one, preferably perforated. Has reinforcing layer (12,13). 6. Carrier body according to claim 5 »characterized in that the reinforcement layer (12, 13) made of a textile material, e.g. made of jute fabric or the like. consists. 7. Carrier body according to claim 5 »characterized in that the reinforcement layer (12, 13) consists of a plastic film. 8. »Carrier body according to one of claims 5 to 7» characterized in that that the reinforcement layer (12, 13) contains foam which has a higher strength than the rest of the foam of the carrier body. 109810/0297 9 · Carrier body according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized characterized «that it - preferably in the reinforcing layer (12,1)) - contains © in rotting agent. 10. Carrier body according to one of claims 5 to 9 # thereby characterized in that the reinforcement layer (12,13) with Holding devices (14) is provided for non-slip fastening. 11. Carrier body according to one of claims 5 to lo, characterized characterized in that support devices (21) for the plants are anchored in the reinforcement layer (12, 13). German aemperit Gummiwerk Ges.m.b.H, 109810/0297 ORIGINAL INSPECTED