DE1949473A1 - Substrate foam body for growing and growing plants - Google Patents

Description

FARBENFABRIKEN BAYER AG ^1949A73

LEVERKU SEN-Beyemrwk hunt department «. 3O.9.I969

Mr / ksch.

Substrate foam body for growing and growing plants

The present invention is directed to a substrate foam body in particular based on polyurethane for the cultivation and cultivation of plants, possibly in combination with other artificial or natural substrates.

According to the previous methods for rearing seedlings from seeds and cuttings, the seedlings are done in the first step. The seeds are sown directly or as so-called pelleted seeds on breeding grounds or, in the case of cuttings, by inserting cut shoots from mother plants into breeding substrates. Depending on the plant species to be grown, such substrates usually consist of changing mixtures of peat, sand, loam, humic substances, wood chips, bark, etc.

After the seeds have germinated, the small plants are warped by hand and the "pikler", ie transfer to other potting soil on which the plants remain up to the size of the sale or until they are planted in the field, by hand. The setting of the fertilization conditions is used for rearing and planting

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soil made individually depending on the type of plant. Dio works are time-consuming and sometimes very sensitive to use.

Seeds are grown either on beds in tubs or in small pots fired clay or, more recently, also cylindrical in plastic pots or square cross-section with fillings of growing soil to germinate. Also sowing in pressed ones Substrate plates or substrate-tablet cultures made from peat are known.

With increasing shoot and root development, depending on the growth size, repotting must be carried out on larger units of clay pots or plastic containers. Up to 10 cm 0 the containers, in parlance "pots", above 11 cm 0 are called "containers".

Pots or even containers filled with potting soil are heavy and in some cases are so heavy that women cannot work is admissible.

The following invention is based on the idea, the time-consuming Work of sowing, sticking the cuttings, pulling out, To replace pricking and repotting by mechanizable processes and to arrive at a system that is easier with Weight brings as many new advantages as possible and can be overcome by all workers without effort.

According to the invention, sub ~ strate inserted into substrate bodies optimized for the next stage of growth. This way, at a minimum of Weight reached a maximum of effectiveness.

Polyurethane-based foam bodies are suitable as substrate foam bodies preferably those with densities between 6 and 20

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According to the invention, the substrate foam bodies are produced by that with a film covered foam profiles in Sections of suitable length are cut. Block goods in square or round shape, covered with a Kuhr-1 fabric film, are suitable for this is wrapped. As having very cheap and suitable foils In particular, dark-colored polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride and ABS polymer films have been found.

If the plastic blocks are prefabricated, they can be wrapped with the film by banding or lengthwise wrapping with thermal seam sealing.

Another suitable method for producing the foam sheet with a circular, square or other polyhedral cross-section, possibly with longitudinal cavities, consists in that one is arranged vertically or diagonally, serving as a form Tubular form a seamless or laterally welded tubular film inserted and fixed to the wall of the mold with a vacuum. A foamable mixture is then poured into the tube. the The profiles obtained are cut to the required height as a plant pot or container. The resulting plant pots or containers, are accordingly wrapped in a film. telt, while the upper and lower surfaces are uncovered.

According to a further development of the invention, the substrate bodies have cavities into which the plants are inserted. Preferably are the substrate bodies with supply cavities for water aeration and provide nutrients. The supply cavities can be designed as depot spaces. But you can too serve the continuous supply by being connected to a supply system.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous to

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to arrange cavities with their longitudinal axis in the direction of the orientation of the foam pores. That way one becomes special .good supply of the plants with the appropriate substances achieved.

Foam with a low density is sufficient for planting plugging the cuttings or seeds into the foam substrate. In the case of pilled seeds, which are suitable for the Germination already brings with it the necessary nutrient medium, the plant pot can already be optimized for the next plant growth stage with a specially developed foam substrate. . When rearing seeds and propagating cuttings, i.e. for the Rooting is best used to save space small rearing bodies made of hard foam, semi-hard and soft foam substrate, which are later converted into correspondingly larger ones Aufzuchttö'pfe or container in an appropriately trained Cavity can be pressed. The process can be mechanized will.

A fitting hole is provided for the larger substrate pots or containers, the dimensions of which correspond to the smaller growing substrate cylinder or cuboid and serves to hold the growing substrate with the rooted plant. With very light ones Substrate weights "the pass holes are simply matched with a Stamp preferably vertically against the vertically oriented pore direction immersed.

For a quick and improved penetration of water and for improved ventilation, arranged around the planting hole, Irrigation and ventilation pipes punched or printed. To increase the capillary suction force of the substrates can be independent of time or at the same time an arbitrarily distributed needling

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take place, which promote diffusion for water absorption, has a water-releasing and aerating effect. The substrate mass preferably consists of plague bodies made of plastic foams or pressed bodies also made from flakes, granules, fibrous or chipped foams. Moldings with substrate combinations are likewise different composition and binding masses possible. Moldings made from so-called reverse emulsions (water particle dispersion in polymerizable monomer mixtures can for Use.)

Other options are to use mineral, pourable substances such as sand etc., organic products, wicks, fiber waste, Shredded paper, wood flour, expanded mica, horn shavings, bark, cellulose products, chopped straw and many other soil substrate formers to be used, be it as a scaffold-forming agent, loosening agent or as structural substances.

The substrate floors are covered with soil disinfectants, insecticides, Fungicides, wetting agents, nutrients. Trace elements, weighting agents, etc. loadable.

Such constructed and combined pots and containers are suitable as so-called soil cultures and for hydroponic cultures. she can be used for outdoor and greenhouse systems. They are light and highly modifiable in weight. Variations of elastic to rigid substrate foam floors are possible and with regard to the air / water balance, depot loading, drainability and humidification very variable. The substrates are sterile soils, Can with microbes and in the desired sense depending on the needs Fungi are colonized, while on the other hand the entry of pests can easily be repelled.

The mechanisability of the manipulation allows development

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very rational work processes, which lead to greater economy. In. all of this · lies a significant technical and economic Port step.

With the aid of a drawing, various exemplary embodiments of the Substrate foam body explained, namely show:

Figure 1 shows a square foam profile from which the substrate foam body to be cut,

FIG. 2 shows a substrate foam body with an inserted substrate cube on average,

FIG. 5 shows the substrate foam body according to FIG. 2 in a top view,

Figure 4 a subs tr at foams off body with supply cavities, Figure 5 is a plan view of the body according to Figure 4,

FIGS. 6 and 7 different embodiments of substrate material bodies as a container in plan view and

FIG. 8 shows the arrangement of a substrate foam body on a supply pad.

In Figure 1, a foam profile 1 is shown, which of a Sheath film 2 is surrounded, which is welded with a seam j5. The profile 1 is cut into individual substrate foam bodies 5 in accordance with the indicated cutting lines 4.

In Figure 2 and> is in the substrate foam body % of the mifc

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a jacket film 2 is surrounded, another substrate J is used, which has an incision 8 for inserting the plant.

In Figures 4 and 5, the substrate foam body 5 is also surrounded by a jacket film 2 and has a cavity 9 for Use of a substrate base 7. Serve supply cavities 10 the supply of water, nutrients and ventilation.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show a top view of foam substrate bodies 5 * which can be used as containers and which have a plurality of cavities 9 for ^: Use of further substrates 7. Supply cavities 10 are provided between the cavities 9. Compared to FIG. 6, the cavities S in FIG. 7 show a circular cross-section.

FIG. 8 shows an alsibpf serving. Substrate foam body 5> with jacket film 2, supply cavities 10 and a cavity 9 into which a substrate 7 is inserted, in which a plant 11 is planted. The subs stepped foaming off body 5 rests on a fleece 12 which is flooded with water 1j5. The water is fed through the substrate foam body 5 to the substrate 7 in order to supply the plant 11. The water level is kept so low that no buoyancy of the subs can take place foams off the body, so that it rests on the fleece 12.

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Claims (5)

"19 * 9473 claims: 1. Substrate foam bodies, in particular based on polyurethane, for growing and growing plants, possibly in combination with other artificial or natural substrates, characterized in that "substrates optimized for .ßrs growth (7) in substrate optimized for the next growth stage * body (5) are inserted " 2. substrate display material according to claim 1, characterized in that that the substrate body (5) have cavities (9), in which the plants (11) are plugged in. J5. Substrate foam body according to 4nspruch 1 and 2, characterized through supply cavities (10) for water, ventilation and Nutrient. 4. Substrate foam body according to claim ~ 5, characterized in that öie \ ^r ersorgungshohlräune (10) are arranged with their longitudinal axis in the direction of the orientation of the foam bogs. 5. Method for producing the substrate foam body according to the preceding claims, characterized in that with a film (2) sheathed foam profiles (1) in sections cut to a suitable length «, Le A 12 527 - 8 - "OrTginally inspected 109816/1096