DE2036222A1 - Method for controlling the temperature of liquefied gases in a liquefaction device - Google Patents

Description

Affaire 1558 IP 5

How to control the temperature "liquefied Gases in an aviation device

The invention relates to a method for controlling the Temperature "liquefied gas or a gaseous mixture in a" device "for liquefying gaseous Fluids, that is to say of gas or gaseous mixtures, for example natural gas, by means of a coolant a number of parts, -which in fractions always low or en temperatures is condensed to the gas or to cool the gaseous mixture by exchange and to

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The invention also relates to a draining device to carry out this procedure.

Liquefaction devices for gas or gaseous mixtures are known which work with a coolant consisting of a number of components .; which is fractionally condensed at deepening Teraoerataren that GaB or the gaseous mixture cool mn by Austauach au and au ν ex-liquid s.

The French patent 1 516 728 of the Armielderin. writes a device of this type, which comprises a condensation column for the coolant _9, an exchange column "for cooling and liquefying the gas or the gaseous mixture, and a compressor which is fed with the coolant which is supplied from the exchange column in the gaseous state. exit.

The pressure in the condensate column is relative high, while the Ausauacher column works at much lower pressure,

The use of a refrigerant with a number of constituents entails that the boiling temperature "of the various liquid fractions" varies depending on the composition of these liquids, so that the temperature which is required to correctly produce the Gaa KU condense (or to cool strongly), which is liquefied (or is to be liquefied), either cannot be reached or is exceeded »Since the amount of the coolant or cooling fluid in circulation is relatively small, the presence of an o Leoks to - a ^ r Fairly strong change in the

lead the quiet fluids.

l / ii-'d now then vorf I i ^ .iC "., -. tfs t'iaö > .n unsirreichender" Weiae, • ■ olrlUil t, -JO erfo! ;1; wiU ·. om! (Kit Ta ^ arting in Bahültern

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buckets of pressure, which is usually close to atmospheric Diuck i ^ t, a considerable vaporization, or "plash," the »Η necessary wakes up, the fumes absulasaen. "If against it the gas liquefied at an extremely low temperature the inadequate calls out in the storage containers ■ "he.rr.nr · her de pressure the entry of air j in addition This leads to considerable incense, since the. costs the production of frigories at very low temperatures rapidly with the decrease in the use temperature of the Frigprien »imehrnen. It is therefore necessary to be continuous Monitor the oil composition of the coolant and the

Additions (make-up) ■ ', if necessary, the latter

The analysis of the SusatnmenEjettumgen is difficult, tedious and -not-'very' "exactly, so this is not a viable solution is to be seen. ■

According to the invention, with maximum simplicity and with A precise measurement is possible with only one ■■ minimum of contact

which can be used to control the temperature of the liquefied or gaseous mixture within a temperature range which is as narrow as possible and preferably. +. 1 ⁰ C. ■

The method is characterized by the fact that at least some of the state parameters of the coolant ^{are measured at least at the level of the lowest temperature of this -J 1} IuIdβ and these measurements are used to unambiguously regulate the devices which thej.- K.iihlmit't-eld.urohsat.B. to your level of the lowest temperature, together with the devices that control the flow of the coolant, which is recovered after the exchange in the gaseous state, as well as the Durchoatü of the two coolant components with the lowest liquefaction temperatures, which in the form of gaseous additives Fluid was added ₅ with post-recovery recovery being made in the same way.

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It could be observed that the coldest coolant which is in the liquid state, in terms practically formed of two components der.Temperatur can be considered, which is accessible, to cool the gas or the gaseous mixture or liquefy! the proportion of the other constituents has a negligible .. influence on this temperature. The result is that the measurement of certain parameters of the state of the fluid (that is the pressure, the temperature and the volume according to the thermodynamic definition) on the Ui ν eau of the lowest temperature makes it possible, immediately and directly. affect the flow rate of the fluid at the critical points of the device.

According to a first embodiment in the event of use of the process, on a liquefaction device with a Condensation column for the coolant, an exchanger column for cooling and liquefying the gas or gaseous geroic and one supplied with the coolant Compressor, which exits the exchange column in the gaseous state, are the state parameters of the cooling fluid. which were measured at the level of the lowest temperature of this fluid, for the condensation column of the Pressure of the gaseous fraction before condensation and the Temperature of the corresponding liquid fraction after condensation and for the exchange column pressure and temperature of the fluid in the gaseous state, as it results from this liquid fraction, the measurement of the pressure in the exchange column for this purpose, "" the speed of the Compressor and thus the flow rate of the cooling fluid to control in the gaseous state after the exchange.,

Preferably one of the liquid and gaseous phases is used the fraction at the lowest temperature of the coolant, containing chamber is introduced into the circuit of this fraction and the measurements of at least some of these state-

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avöif. et he of the fluid in this chamber are used.

In -iViSßni Pail, the temperature and the pressure in this KaWi: κ: r are measured fjc-nauno as the pressure of the cooling fluid in the gasröri'iLgesri state in the Exauschericolonne and the temperature of the liquefied (iaaes or the gaseous mixture, and this :? fuOi.Mverke used value] ecause to unequivocally to .r _t;? ELR j rin valve, which as the fStröinungadurchaatz the flüa-3i "ei fraction of Liib .fluide controls which serves J ie liilunng.! the l'lüsoigen fraction at the lowest temperature Jitu.'eriUTjtellen; a the .throughput flow rates of the. stock i;? ij ο with the lowest liquefaction temperatures b: auernu: ϊο V'ontil; the velocity of the compressor and i'oL ^ ' l Lch de · -.! Strömungüdurchsatz of the cooling fluid in the gaseous i-iujU.Lvi r \ ii (ih the exchange as well as a valve which the ■ 3vix-i coll &<urchsatz the fliisaigen fraction at the lowest L '{·! ) .. (. ■ f:! Va- ^: tu * dos Kilhlf] uidfi at the inlet of the exchange column; lv.: Uer h.

ut oil -7.-i.rd the modulation of the temperature in the Ausanscherkoloiirie ve ^ i'iieden, and the knowledge of pressure and temperature (U-ürj b'lujciö in eier Kaij.i-ifvr ranges; ius _t to the composition o.ioye: .5 Ji'Luids and thus nsine temperature at the inlet of the Austciu £ jche: t \\ olonne zu beat innren. In addition, an additional Zuatandop-'iraineter is introduced, namely the Vo'i.unien of the liquid in the Kainmer _f which is determined by measurement f.'Oi.) N.lveaurj.

ny tain] -ler invention is a liquefaction device door (rough odor gas mixture, which is arranged in such a way that uie the above-described method is able to carry out, and di ti is aiioxei.chnet that the facilities riuin ot.ouHjrn des Stromuii ^ ntiurchoatzes dea cooling fluids on the NiVOi-ViJ of the low a lev T empor η bur, dor flow ^{throughputs t:} lo: i? J? Ϊ́ · ¹ 1 Li id a im p, fi ^ - ["^ c ^r , <\ i'iiu state that after the Aust. uif.fn ". · \ üflK-r ■ ltiff.w-offinif- ·) wunln, and Strömungsdurch3atzos

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of Beatand parts that are produced by gaseous processing or gaseous additive (make-up) are supplied with Facilities sum Mesa-en, the selected condition parameters vlöS'Kühlflnids: connected so that they are dependent on these measuring devices are regulated.

PUr the preferred method of application of the measures according to the invention, the device comprises circuit, which Niedrigat-Temperatwr-Fraktiön of Kühlfluiäs a liquid and gaseous phases of this fraction containing chamber _t which makes possible 93, at least some of the Zustandaparameter desKühlfluids in this chamber to measure . - .- ■ "■■" / ■ ...: -. .

Other particular features and advantages of the invention will emerge can be derived from the following description of an exemplary embodiment, referring to the accompanying schematic drawings Eye is taken in which

1 shows a general representation of a liquid discharge device with two columns that are designed for a first method of application-the measures according to the invention}

Fig. 2 is a partial illustration of the final stage or the Lowest temperature stage according to an alternative embodiment j

Fig. 3 is a partial view showing the final stage a liquefaction device that is used for a different application the method is designed according to the invention;

Ji \ L £. Fig. 4 is a telephone arrangement similar to Fig. 3 of a volatilization device according to a preferred embodiment : *, in the rough implementation of the method according to the invention;

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FIG. 5 is a representation similar to FIG. 4 and shows an "alternative" embodiment

Fig. 6 is a general illustration of a liquefaction apparatus having a single column similar to that of Fig. arranged to carry out the method according to the invention

is. - '., -' ■. "'■■' .. '■■ .-'. '■■■". ■■

Fig. 1 shows a device for liquefying a gas or a gaseous mixture, for example of natural gas, by means of a Ktihlfluids with a number of components, which fractionally at ever lower temperatures in ■ a condensation colomy 1 is condensed to the gas or to cool or liquefy the gaseous mixture in an exchange column 2. The conenation column 1 has three stages, and the exchange column 2 has four Levels, however, the number of levels may be obvious be larger or smaller, the preferred number is between 2 and 4 for the condensation column and between 3 and 5 for the exchange column. .

A low pressure compressor 3 delivers to a high pressure compressor 4 via a cooler 3a from the .Exchange- * .-kolor-ne-2 coming vapors of the coolant; the compressor 4 takes the cooling fluid vapors coming from the condensation column 1 on. The compressed cooling fluid is against a "Condenser 5 passed, in which it cooled down and partially Is condensed. The capacitor 5 is through an external Pluid, for example air or sea water, cooled.

A mixture of liquid and vapor then leaves the Condenser and is separated in a container 6, which at the level of the first floor level of the condensation column 1 is arranged: 0ie..liquid phase is on the one hand in a Exchanger 7 in the first stage of the condensation column * 1

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and on the other hand to an exchange worker, 8 in the first stage the exchanger column 2 delivered.

After its passage through the exchanger 7, the; Liquid ness directed against an injection head 9, which injects into the condensation column, to the liquid in the exchanger 7 for cooling the one hand and on the other hand partially to condense the coming out of the container 6 gas: ■■ is -Which conducted in an exchanger 10; Me / against the. Exchanger 8 directed the exchange column liquid we ν by an injection head "injected 11 into this column, fe to the liquid in the exchanger 8 eiiir-rseits to .-. Uni cool the gas to be liquefied, which exchange the Au" he AZ "-durchsetzt _f to cool, this gas possibly being compressed by a compressor 13 before it is introduced into the exchange column 2.

The same procedure is followed in the · he; The stages of the station and exchange unit are repeated. Fraction of the coming out of the en Austauseber 10 the coolant is introduced into a container AA, 6 is arranged in Bähe represent second-en ■ stage, wherein it is separated B.ehält-fraction in two stages in this, a liquid .and. a.steam-. shaped. In its stage P, the condensation column also has an exchanger 15 for the liquid, followed by one

Injection head 17 and an exchanger 18 for the gas to be condensed «.

Similarly, the exchange column comprises an exchanger 16 for the liquid, followed by an injection head 19 and an exchanger 20 for the gas to be liquefied. At the third and last stage of the condensation column are provided a container 21, exchangers 2, 25 and an injection head 24, while in the third stage the exchanger •, kolor.ne, an exchanger 23 and an injection cup 26 together with an exchanger 27 are provided for the GaB to be liquefied. The cooling fluid, which leaves the exchanger .25- - ..,

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is in the liquid state and becomes the last Step of the exchanger drum into an exchanger 28, followed passed through an injection head 29j to liquefy and cooling the au liquefying gas at the level of the last Exchanger ^ 30, be sure to hurry seriously. /.

The liquefied gas emerging from the suction column 2 was also liquefied ^ ird by a valve 31, which allows that to be 'Ι'? Ασ. '£. to a V / ert- Iu. the level of atmospheric pressure gebraoßi wlru, against storage containers not shown

Kwei. Valves 32, 3J are located between exchanger 22, respectively

ivLnsp'ritEkopi '24 provided to reduce the flow through yr ■'.>'! Us ^ l ^ ability, which serves to derive the cow fluid at the U-Agstijtt Temp-eratur- in the Konrlensatlonskolonne 1, to control and to control the heat exchanger 28 and the BintHtrita head 29 to control the flow rate. ^ v Λβ did called he. liquid .to reservoirs, which in the out— ■■■ (, au ?; - Yierknl ο nne P after cooling in the exchanger 28

A valve enables the control of the flow rate of the additional parts for the coolant, which are added in the gaseous state to your fluid, which was taken after the exchange and introduced into the K ^ arapressor 3. These constituents are the two gases that have the lowest liquefaction temperatures, i.e. in principle nitrogen and methane. The topping elements are obtained from a suitable source, not shown, which supplies either gases in the r & in state or mixtures rich in nitrogen or methane. In the course of the liquefaction of natural gas or natural gas, these mixtures are obtained from extractions which are produced from the natural gas during the liquefaction process.

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The temperature of the gas leaving the exchanger column 2 depends mainly on the temperature of the cooling fluid in the liquid state, which is directed towards the injection head. The most critical point of the installation is therefore to be found at this level, if the temperature of the coolant is not sufficiently low, the liquefied pressurized gas emerging from the exchanger 30 is not sufficiently cooled and is expanded by the action of the valve 31 lead to relatively large steam formation, which will have to be removed; If the temperature of the cooling fluid is too low, the vapor pressure of the liquefied gas exiting the valve 31 will be too low and lower than atmospheric pressure and, under certain circumstances, result in air leakage into the storage container if a pressure equalization device for the introduction of additional gas is not provided is. In addition, the prigories provided by the cooling fluid at its lowest temperature are extremely costly because the prigories are known to increase in cost with decreasing temperature. A change of 1 ⁰ C at normal operating temperatures of the device results in an increase in the cost price of Prigorien on the order of $ 1>. Di. e temperature of the cooling fluid at the level of the lowest temperature therefore an essential Paktor the economic performance of the installation, said Paktor within a relatively narrow range, preferably smaller than I ⁰ C should be kept.

All other things being equal, this is the temperature very sensitive to the composition of the cooling fluid at this level, so there / J the changes in percentage Share of components due to leakage or due to additional opening of the blow-off valve or the valves, too great changes in the temperature within

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less minutes. It is therefore essential these lecliver losses through the addition of nitrogen or methane for example, very quickly compensate for the To ban the cooling fluid practically constant on the Keep the lowest temperature level.

.Although the coolant is at its lowest temperature theoretically a 'mixture of a number of components, ale can in practice be of two components'. with regard to the boiling temperatures that can be obtained in the Austuuacherkolomie, wherein the proportion of the other constituents has only a negligible influence on this temperature. The ^ result is that if the pressure and the temperature of this liquid before the transition into the exchange column be controlled and even if the pressure in the exchange- ' column-.controlled, the temperature of the liquid before Its injection gives a moiBentananaeige to its composition- making it. it will be possible to feed the to trigger necessary additives.

In addition, the pressure in the condensation column 1 must be higher as a certain value, such that the out of the container The 21 escaping vapors are completely condensed in the exchanger 25

■■ be. A control device must then be provided for this which ensures that this pressure is higher than this . given value remains.

Ouch Pig. 1 shows that four active agents are available, UtU: to control the operation of the liquefaction device, namely, the valves 52 and 33, each of which controls the flow regulate the coolant and for the production of the cold eaten fraction of this coolant and the flow through-. Set this fluid before injecting it into the exchange column occurs with the valve 34 for injection of topping elements and the speed of the compressor

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which determines the flow rate of the KUhIflüld in the gaseous state, »regulates this at the outlet of the exchanger column was taken.

The above-mentioned active agents are each assigned and regulated by one of the four measurements of the state parameters of the cooling fluid at the level of the lowest temperature of this ■ fluids. The state parameters, which the temperature, the Include pressure and volume, in the present case consist of the temperature and the pressure. The four measurements are? the pressure of the gas in the "container 21 on-the last Stage of the condensation column, the temperature of the coldest Cooling fluids in the vicinity of the valve 33 prior to its injection ^ in the Auatauscherkolonne, the temperature of the cooling fluid in the last stage of the exchange column after the injection and the pressure of the cooling fluid in the gaseous state in the Exchange column. '·

According to the example of FIG. 1, the valve 33 is regulated by the pressure in the vessel? 1, which is generated by a pressure manometer 35 is measured; the valve 32 is controlled by the temperature of the cooling fluid prior to injection, measured by a Probe 36 $ the valve 34 for the addition or processing is regulated by oil temperature of the cooling fluid according to the Injection, measured by a probe 37, and the speed of the compressor 3 is regulated by the pressure of the cooling fluid in the gaseous state in the exchange column, the was measured by the pressure gauge 38. When topping. valve 34 may be a multi-channel valve, or it may be made up of two valves, from one by injecting nitrogen or a nitrogen-rich mixture, the other by injecting methane or a methane-rich mixture. In the latter. In this case, the two valves actually take over the role a single valve, which varies the composition of the processing elements in the vicinity of the desired value.

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'Pig. '2' shows an alternative embodiment in which the firing means are assigned to the measurements of temperature and pressure, as stated above, in different order, namely valve 32 - temperature probe 37; valve 3;> - temperature probe 36; processing - or adding valve 34 - pressure regulator 35; speed of the compressor 3 ~ pressure gauge'38 "'· ■' ■, ■ -.-'-. '■'. ■ -.-

Regardless of the combination chosen, the speed will be of the compressor 'dome pressure in the exchanger column, guarantee by Äas Druckmarioiueter 38, assigned. The result i-9-t, ... wet-the number d & r with the four mechanisms of action available 'combinations' and the four defined above Meπsngen is equal to 6. ■,. ■ ■

The JiBVu-Qe -. 'Observed arrangements, however, do not take into account' the flow of the gas to be liquefied. Even if the temperature of the coldest Küblfluids after the injection 'in ^the: 1st -Austauscherkolonne completely stabilized, the temperature of the liquefied .tauscher from the off-gas 30 may auBtretenden slightly as puncture of the ■ Strömunitsdurchsatzea of -au. liquefying gas vary, which emerges in the tile exchanger. In order to take into account the flow throughput of the "gas to be liquefied", the flow rate of the coldest cooling fluid before it is injected into the exchanger column is varied as a puncture of the flow throughput of the "liquefied" gas, around the "end temperature of the liquefied gas" constant to keep. .

For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 3, a vessel 40 containing the liquid and gaseous phases of this fluid is introduced into the circuit 39 at the lowest temperature. The container emitted from the exchanger -25 is poured into the container 40, in which the liquid and vapor phases are

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temperature of the fluid and under high pressure of the condensation column are in balance. The cooling fluid is " practically equivalent to a mixture at this level the two ingredients, generally nitrogen and Methane; and only the knowledge of pressure and temperature in the container 40 is sufficient to the proportions "of nitrogen and to define methane in the mixture. ■■ ", \ ■

The liquid phase of the container 40 is passed to an exchanger 41, which is provided in the condensation column, as shown in the examples shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 . Since the cooling effects carried out on the coldest EUhIfluid essentially depend on the exchangers, they are practically constant for given exchangers so that the boiling temperature of the fluid practically defines that of the cooling fluid before it is injected into the exchanger column. _:

Are the pressure and temperature of the coldest cooling fluid and also the. Pressure in the exchanger column at constant If the values are maintained, the temperature and the cooling fluid remain constant after injection into the exchange column. This causes the temperature measurement to drop of the fluid in the exchanger column is this measurement definitely difficult and imprecise unless expensive and difficult precautions have been taken.

Following the example of the Pig. 3 is the processing or Admission valve 34 regulated by the pressure in the container 40, the measured by a pressure gauge 42; the Y-valve 32 is determined by the temperature of the cooling fluid before the transition to the container 40 as measured by a probe 43 is regulated; the Valve 33 is controlled by the temperature of the liquefied from the Auatauacherkolonne escaping gas regulated, this Temperature is measured by a probe 44 -and the ge

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speed of the compressor 3 is again due to the pressure in the Lustausch Erkolonne regulated by the pressure 38 was eaten.

■ Bach an alternative embodiment, the processing or topping valve by the temperature probe 43 be regulated while the valve 32 by daa pressure gauge 42 can be regulated.

In order to avoid providing an additional exchanger 41, a different arrangement, as shown in Fig. 4, can be adopted. In this pail, a valve 45 controls the flow rate of the cooling fluid in the liquid state, in that it emerges from the exchanger 5 and is fed into the container 40.

The liquid phase contained in this container becomes direct given to the exchanger 28 of the exchange column; the Valve 4 5 provides a pressure drop such that the Container 40 to a pressure less than that in the Condensation column comes what the boiling pressure at the corresponds to the desired temperature of the coldest cooling fluid. Furthermore, the gaseous phase of the container 40 is coupled to the extraction system of the device by means of a Valve 4 6, which as a negative Aufzubereit.ungsventll (make-up valve) can be denoted, as this it becomes possible to obtain a reduction in the percentage of nitrogen, since the excess is weighed off,

13s .sin.d then six active agents · available, namely (see Pig. 4); the valves 32, 33 and 34 (not shown), the valve 45 which controls the flow of the cooling fluid exiting the exchanger 25 and which is introduced into the container 40, and the exhaust valve 46 and the speed of the not shown ⁴ - ^ Compressor 3.

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The parameters corresponding to these agents are as follows? the pressure in the container 21, "measured by the pressure manometer 35, which is the valve 32- zugeoro.net, .is; the pressure in the container 40, which is measured by the pressure manometer 42, -which is assigned to the trigger valve 46; the temperature in the container 40, which is measured by a probe 47 assigned to the valve 45 .; the volume — of the "liquid" in the container 40, which is measured by a level measuring device 48 and assigned to the processing valve 44 (not shown)? the temperature of the liquefied gas emerging from the exchange column, which is measured by the probe 44 associated with the valve 4-3; the pressure in the Ausauacher column, which is measured by the pressure gauge 38 and assigned to the speed of the compressor 3, not shown « ^:

Compared with the previous embodiments this solution has the advantage that the pressure existing in the condensation column can be controlled by adding of the trigger or drain valve 46 becomes possible.

According to an alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the pressure in the container 21 is assigned to the valve 45, The pressure and temperature in the container 40 are assigned to the valve 46 and the valve 32, respectively; the level in tank 40 is like previously assigned to the processing valve, and the temperature of the liquefied gas is again the valve 33 and the Pressure in the exchange column is assigned to the speed of the compressor. In this pail there is an increase in the Pressure in container 40 for opening valve 46, while a drop in the level of this container for injection of additions of nitrogen and methane in the form of a mixture with a composition equal to that of the coldest Coolant causes ·.

different additional measurements can be made to further improve the effectiveness of the controls.

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For example, the temperature of the fluid injected through the injection head 24 in the last stage of the condensation column depends essentially on the temperature of the liquid in the container 21. The latter temperature can be grounded in a controlled manner by regulating the flow rate of the cooling fluid injected through the injection head 17 at the level of the intermediate stage of the condensation column .

In addition, the flow rate of the coolant sent to the injection head 2G in the exchanger column must be sufficient to maximally cool the liquid to be liquefied, since the liquid released by the liquid is less expensive than the one delivered by the coldest one.

A Men 3ung the '.PlüssigksiLsniveaus in the container 21 may be provided, via η to the 3trömungsdurchsatz of fuel injected by the injection head 26 into the cooling fluid Austauacherkolonne' to regulate. In order to compensate for inadequacies in the flow of this liquid, additional amounts of stock can be added in the form of a mixture which is practically equal to that of the liquidity (generally nitrogen). generally methane and rthane). A "the temperature in the circuit of the guided gas to be liquefied hinr.er the exchanger 27 measuring probe or a Strömungsme 13einrichtung in the circle of aur Austaüscherkolonne KühlJ Iüciuißkeit ⁷ makes it possible that the injection of this Toppingωengen be regulated.

Arrangements can be made in the lower stages of the installation in order to utilize the facilities available in the two columns with maximum efficiency. In this Y / öl.sy wlrri "Also, overheating of the drawn-off vapors of the Li K hl f 1 uj E-SORT + s MLr.'hf-iri'.Hi'jLfill'f :, which s is possible, the A-UMM ; of riü-nii-ci J ^J rirtikel m dio Kompreanoren to prevent.

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In addition, a gravity trap or a siphon, the ' the liquid particles on the bottom of the Condönsatlön flask collects, used, to, by measuring his; Levels "injecting at additives or processing parts Heavy constituent parts (for example pentane) of the cooling fluid to regulate. ! These heavy components have the effect that it is the condensation temperature of the coldest cooling fluid Bring (first stage) closer to that of the fluid outside the column and therefore use the condenser 5 with maximum efficiency »

6 shows the application of the invention to a liquefaction device with a single column 50, in which the condensation of the coolant in successive fractions and the cooling and liquefaction of the liquefying gas are carried out simultaneously ; ':' _ '. _ ■ _

A compressor 51 takes the refrigerant steams ^; e, which exit from the column 50, up and lead them to a condenser 52. As in the example of FIG gaseous phases' in each case in heat exchangers at the lower stage of the column. 5p ^. Sent. The same arrangements are made in the following λ stages. Valves control the flow rate of the coolant that enters the column at the. different stages were injected »'■■ -'">;"- ■.

The pressure in the penultimate container 54, which is determined by a pressure gauge 55 was measured, is assigned to valve 5 &, which controls the flow of the cooling fluid which is in the last container 57 was introduced. The pressure in the container 57 measured by a pressure gauge 58 is fed to the drain valve 59 assigned, which is the gaseous. phase connects this container with the Ent! eerunga or Ühzugayotem, The temperature of the cooling fluid in the container 57 is measured

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assigned by a probe 60, WiX ^-1 Ol to the valve 61, which controls the flow rate of the cooling fluid before it is injected into the penultimate stage of the column. The level in the container 57, measured by a level measuring device 62, Avirö. assigned to the treatment valve 63 j measured by a 64 üonde temperature of the liquefied gas is Einein valve 65 associated _P which controls the Strömung'des coldest cooling fluid prior to injection into the column; and this pressure in the column, which is read by a pressure gauge 66, is arranged at the speed of the compressor 51.

In all of the application examples described, acts it is now a two-column type device or with a single column, will control the Temperature of the liquefied gas through simple measurements ensured with practically instantaneous response time. These measurements are only made on state parameters Pressure, temperature, volume easily by usual, accurate and cheap facilities are measured. The regulations of the Agents, valves and the compressor speed can be done in any suitable manner by hand or Automatic control method, advantageously through servo controls, be made. The leak problem becomes at maximum Efficiency solved because topping quantities are injected almost instantly «

Of course, the invention is not limited to the methods of use and constructions described, which were only given as an example.

, Thus, the number he ö stages of liquefaction means variably be; the components of the cooling fluid can be selected differently as a function of the type of gases to be liquefied. ■

109830-130

Claims (1)

Pat e η ta ϊι s ρ r ti ch e ( 1. ) Method for controlling the temperature of liquefied 'gaseous fluids, which was generated in a device for liquefying gaseous fluids using a cooling fluid with at least two components, this fraction.awej.se "being condensed at ever lower temperatures to cool and liquefy this gaseous fluid by exchanging, characterized in that at least two state parameters of the cooling fluid are measured at least at the level of the lowest temperature of this cooling fluid and that the resulting measured values are used to unambiguously determine the control elements for the To regulate the flow rate of the cooling fluid at the level of the lowest temperature and to regulate the control elements au, which regulate the flow rate of the coolant after the exchange in the gaseous state and the flow rate of the two components of the coolant with the lowest liquefaction temperatures, which as Aufb preparation or as additives to the coolant after replacement. 2, method of controlling the temperature liquefied gaseous fluids in a device for liquefaction gaseous fluids, with a condensation column for the cooling fluid, an exchange column for cooling and liquefaction of the gaseous fluid and a compressor for the cooling fluid, which in the gaseous state from the outlet. 1000 column exits, characterized by »that at least two state parameters of the cooling fluid be measured at the level of the lowest temperature of this cooling fluid, those measured at this level Parameters for the condensation column the pressure of the gas. shaped fraction before condensation and temperature .the corresponding liquid fraction after condensation 109830/1130 , BAD ORIGINAL- -2-5 and represent, for the exchange column, the pressure and the temperature of the fluid ± m gaseous state, as it results from this liquid fraction; and that the resulting measured values are used to unambiguously determine the control elements for the flow rate of the cooling fluid at the level of the lowest temperature, for the speed of the compressor, which determines the flow rate of the coolant after its exchange in the gaseous state, and to regulate the flow rate of the two components of the coolant with the lowest condensing temperatures, which are added to the coolant after the exchange as an additive or treatment, whereby this speed is regulated by the measured value of the pressure in the exchanger column, ■ 3ο method according to claim 2, characterized in that the measured values for the pressure: the. gaseous fraction of the 'FIuIdS before the condensation, for the temperature of the corresponding liquid fraction each of the condensation on the lowest temperature and for the temperature of the fluid in the gaseous state as it emerges from the liquid fraction, used to uniquely form a valve to regulate the flow rate of the liquid Fraction of the cooling fluid controls which one is used for condensing this gaseous fraction in the condensation column is used, and to regulate a valve that controls the inlet flow rate regulates the liquid fraction of the cooling fluid at the lowest temperature in the exchange column, and to regulate a valve which controls the flow rate der Zuaatzbeataridteile of the cooling fluids regulates which the have the lowest liquefaction temperatures. 4. The method of claim 1 for controlling the temperature of the liquefied gas form in a liquefaction device generated fluids, with a condensation column for the Cooling fluid, an exchange column for cooling and 109830/1130 ^BAD liquid of the gaseous fluid and by a compressor, the that from the exchange column in the gaseous state absorbs exiting cooling fluid, with successive liquid fractions of the cooling fluid by respective circles be promoted in the exchanger column; and that the fraction cycle at the lowest cooling fluid temperature a chamber which contains both the liquid and the gaseous phases of this fraction and in which at least two parameters of the state of the fluids are measured. 5. The method according to claim 4 _? characterized in that the temperature and the pressure in this chamber, the pressure of the cooling fluid of the exchange column in the gaseous state and the temperature of the liquefied gaseous fluid are measured; that a valve is unambiguously regulated by corresponding measured values, which controls the flow rate of the liquid coolant fraction, which is used for the formation of the liquid fraction at the lowest temperature, controls a valve which controls the flow rate the conditioning constituents of the refrigerant provides the lowest liquefaction temperatures, the compressor operating speed and thus the flow rate of the refrigerant fluid after the exchange being taken in a gaseous state; and that a valve is regulated which controls the flow rate of the liquid fraction at the lowest temperature of the cooling medium at the entry into the exchanger column 6 "The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the liquid phase contained in the chamber strong; in the Condensation column is cooled before it is conveyed to the exchange column. 7 «Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the flow rate at the entrance to the chamber of the liquefied Fraction at the lowest temperature-by one V \ 109830/1 130 "Valve is controlled in such a way that a pressure drop is generated in this chamber, compared with the conditioning column; and that the temperature, the pressure and the liquid level as a value for the liquid volume in the chamber, the pressure in the exchange column and the Temperature of the liquefied gaseous fluid «' : - . 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the measured values are used to regulate in an unambiguous manner! des.'Ventils, for controlling the flow rate of the liquid fraction of the coolant, - which is used for the Bilöung the liquid fraction at the lowest temperature in the condensation tower? the valve for controlling the flow rate at the inlet of the latter fraction in the chamber; the valve for controlling the flow rate of the additional or processing components of the cooling fluid with the lowest condensing temperature and the speed of the compressor and thus the flow rate of the cooling fluid which is taken up after the exchange in the gaseous state; and the valve which controls the flow rate of the liquid fraction of the cooling fluid having the lowest temperature at the entry into the exchange column. 9 ° A method according to claim 7, characterized in that it is gaseous phase contained in the chamber KühJ-.fluids connected via a control valve to the exhaust system of the apparatus that the Drue ic of the gaseous fraction of the at in the condensation column in the liquid fraction the lowest temperature converted cooling fluid is measured, and that the measured values are used to unambiguously regulate the valve which regulates the flow rate of the liquid fraction of the coolant used to form the liquid fraction at the lowest temperature steer? to regulate the valve, 10983 (1/1130 which controls the flow rate of the cooling fluid in the gaseous state when it exits the chamber ι ura to regulate the valve, which controls the flow rate of the additional or processing components for the cooling fluid with the low condensing temperatures as well as the speed of the compressor and thus the flow rate of the Controls the cooling fluid which is taken in the gaseous state after the exchange ι the textile which controls the flow rate of a liquid fraction at the lowest temperature of the cooling fluid at the inlet to the exchanger column and the valve which controls the flow rate when the liquid fraction enters the chamber the lowest temperature controlled 10. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 9 »thereby characterized in that the flow throughput to the exchange column pumped cooling fluid at least at the level just above that with the lowest temperature is controlled. . 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that that the flow rate of the conveyed to the exchanger column Cow! Fluids is measured and that the resulting The measured value is used to regulate a valve · which- Flow rate of the two components of the cooling fluid controls whose condensing temperatures are just above the of the volatile constituent and which are added as an additive to the cooling fluid at the level just above the lowest temperature of this cooling fluid. 12. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 11, characterized characterized in that the cooling fluid has an addition of heavy Ingredients' is added so that the condensation temperature of the cooling fluid at the highest temperature is closer to that dea fluids is brought outside of the condensation column. 1 O 9 8 3 Ο Π 1 3 O .13 · "■ '- device aura liquefying gaseous fluids by means .One cooling fluid aue which frafctionsweise at However, lower temperatures for cooling · and liquefying it d gaseous fluid by exchanging at least two components *' is condensed, for carrying out the method according to Aaspruelr! 1, because it indicates that the control elements for the flow opening of the cooling fluid are at the level of the lowest temperature, for the flow rate of the cooling fluid 'lia-ch' for ε-3Γ 'otröniuiiiiwdti'. ch-aat.g of the cooling fluid components as busüitae in the gaseous 2iiatarid eo with the ' devices sum Iseaaeu Oar selected state saves the cooling fluid ver ~ xj WiY ¹ Ci?! λ that a regulation by this fiTeßeinriobt- 14. Device to liquefy gaseous fluids by means of oleo 'cooling fluids from at least two components, .'which' ..- "'. Fralvtionswaise -"' b-ei ever lower temperatures in a condensing column '-'- is condensed, in order ^{to cool the gaseous 3} B 1 IuId in a single exchange column and to liquefy it by exchanging it, with the subsequent liquid fractions of the oil veined oil journey being conducted to the exchange column. the cooling fluid exits from the exchange column - .tinch the exchange in the gaseous state and is absorbed by a compressor, for carrying out the process according to claim 4, characterized in that in the circuit of the lowest cooling fluid temperature one : Π tiiJBi. ^ E and gaseous phases of this praction containing chamber is provided in such a way that at least two 'state -iterdea cooling fluids can be measured in this chamber. 15. Vorrichtauig according to claim 14, characterized by a valve in the circle - 'the fraction of the lowest temperature - "f5trö.tnu-n /.?- äa'uf ¹ .värts.-in front of the chamber, which" denotes the flow through aatsj 'lieHdv 'flürriig-en'.fraktion, aw) controls entry into the chamber; un-'i through another valve, which controls the exit V-. '. . - ■. ■■. ' BAD ORfQiNAL 10 9830/1130 «26 the gaseous phase contained in the chamber art das - ^; The usual measuring system regulates a device in such a way that:: the pressure in the chamber and thus in the condensation column is controlled » 16. Device according to.Anspruch 14, indicated by;
an exchanger in the condensation column, the one
Part of the circle of the fraction of the lowest temperature in flow direction behind this chamber - "forms and with the
liquid phase contained in this chamber is connected in such a way that the liquid is strongly cooled before it is passed into the Ausauociierkolonne. : BATH ORIGINAL 10983071130 -