DE202023103656U1 - System for supplying energy and/or material to at least one consumer - Google Patents

Abstract

System for supplying energy and/or material to at least one consumer (6) using at least one working material (A1, A2).
- at least one heat source and/or material source (1.1, 6),
- at least one storage system,
- at least one compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and/or one compressor stage,
- At least one heat sink and/or material sink (consumer) (6), the storage system being a combination
- at least one vapor/liquid reservoir (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) that can be loaded using at least one heat source and/or material source (1.1, 6).
- at least one high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4), where
- between the vapor/liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) and the high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) at least one compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and/or a compressor stage for compressing the working material (A1, A2) is arranged and
- the at least one heat sink and/or material sink (consumer) (6) for supplying energy and/or material and/or at least partially converting electricity back into electricity from the vapor/liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) and/or the compressor (3.1 , 3.2, 3.3) and / or the compressor stage and / or the high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) output working fluid (A1, A2) is coupled.

Description

The invention relates to a system for supplying energy and/or material to at least one consumer according to the preamble of the first claim.

The process heat supply is largely based on natural gas. The reduction of dependencies must be successful here. These currently have a very large impact on the purchase price of natural gas or substitutes. At the same time, the phase-out of the supply of fossil energy sources must be promoted (e.g. massive reduction in greenhouse gas emissions). This can be achieved safely and inexpensively through the use of renewable energy sources (e.g. wind power, photovoltaics). Due to the fluctuating energy supply, storage solutions (making supply more flexible) and the use of waste heat (increasing efficiency) are necessary.

High temperature or industrial heat pumps are limited in maximum operating temperature due to available/suitable refrigerants and techniques.

Many refrigerants continue to have harmful effects (ozone depletion, greenhouse gas effects, toxic degradation products, etc.). This is why switching to natural refrigerants is urgently needed.

According to the state of the art, different heat storage devices are still used to store the heat transfer medium. These are, for example, steam accumulators in the form of gradient pressure accumulators (e.g. Ruth's accumulators). With these, the temperature drops during discharge. This is e.g. B. unfavorable in batch processes if the temperature has to constantly rise (e.g. heating up).

Furthermore, PCM memories (memories with phase change materials) are known, in which the temperature difference is used during loading (e.g. heat transfer through a wall into the PCM) and discharge (e.g. heat transfer through a wall out of the PCM). However, the temperature difference decreases as loading and/or unloading progresses, so that in many cases the loading and/or unloading performance is/are limited.

In known hybrid concepts, PCMs were grown in or on steam storage tanks or otherwise combined. Although this made it possible to increase the storage capacity, the above-mentioned double heat transfer leads to low loading and/or discharging performance and/or to a disadvantageous reduction in temperature.

Such solutions are, for example, in the publications EP 3260803 A1 , AT 518793A1 , AT 518828 A1 or DE 4121462 A1 called.

From the publication CN114517925A a method for supplying heat or generating hot steam is known. Water vapor from an upstream heat pump is heated to 140 °C by subsequent compression in a steam compressor and fed to a pressure vessel that is used to supply heat. This procedure cannot be used flexibly.

In the DE102013225543B3 The use of water vapor from a steam generation system of a heat-controlled combined heat and power system is described. The steam is provided at high temperatures and pressures, with the aim of operating at a constant temperature. i.e. Furthermore, the system does not increase the temperature of the heat source system. In addition, several storage units should be operated at a constant temperature. The document does not provide a detailed description of the storage solution. No planning, execution or operation is possible with the information available.

The so-called vapor compression is also known. This is a relatively old process involving the compression of gases and vapors, which is fundamentally disadvantageous compared to increasing the pressure of incompressible fluids. In many cases this cannot be avoided from a technical point of view. Such solutions are from the publications DE000010052766C2 , DE000000919589B , and DE102008047283A1 known.

Also in DE102009016775A1 A method and a device for generating water vapor at a high temperature level are described, with water vapor being generated in two temperature levels using waste heat and a heat pump. In a third temperature level, vapor compression is used to raise the water vapor to an industrially usable temperature level through compression. However, storage is not provided.

From the publication CN112879995A a high-temperature heat supply heat pump system is known that recovers waste heat and uses a collector field.

A liquid reservoir, a tank, a circulation pump and an evaporator are fluidly connected one after the other to form a first liquid circulation circuit Liquid storage tank, a vapor compressor, a condenser and the liquid collection tank are sequentially fluidly connected to form a second liquid circulation circuit.

The publication CN 113932208 A discloses a multiple heat source heat pump high temperature steam supply system, a heat pump heating system, a solar assisted flash evaporation system, and a vapor compression system.

A thermal hybrid compression heat pump steam system with two heat sources is also available CN 216408920 U known. The dual heat source thermal mixed compression heat pump steam system includes a dual heat source evaporation system, a thermal compression system and a mechanical compression system.

In print US 10794227 B1 A system and a method for using latent heat to generate energy are described. In addition, this solution involves a fully closed latent heat recovery system that uses a steam source to generate steam. A plurality of conduits carry the steam and resulting gas, expanded energy and condensate to a steam expander, a compressor, a heat exchanger, an accumulator and a steam condenser for expansion, compression and conversion between states of the steam. The latent heat generated by the expansion and energy release of the vapors and gases produces work to drive a load.

If a storage tank is provided, the heat pump process control is not optimally adapted to the storage solution. Therefore, the aforementioned solutions have the disadvantage that they are not or not sufficiently flexible and cannot be easily adapted to requirements.

The object of the invention is to develop a system for supplying energy and/or material to at least one consumer, in particular for supplying energy and/or material with a temperature increase, with which energy and/or material can be supplied to one or more consumers with temperatures, for example, above 120 °C and thus an increase in the supply temperatures and thus higher temperatures during discharging compared to the Ruths storage or hybrid storage concepts can be achieved and a good coordination of the loading and unloading performance as well as an adaptation of the energy and / or material supply to the needs is guaranteed, whereby In particular, environmentally friendly and inexpensive refrigerants can be used and the energy storage density can be increased. This task is solved with the features of the 1st claim for protection. Advantageous refinements result from the subclaims.

• - mindestens eine Wärmequelle und/oder Stoffquelle,
• - mindestens ein Speichersystem,
• - mindestens einen Verdichter und/oder mindestens eine Verdichterstufe,
• - mindestens eine Wärmesenke und/oder Stoffsenke (Verbraucher) auf,

wobei erfindungsgemäß, das Speichersystem eine Kombination

• - mindestens eines, mittels mindestens einer Wärmequelle und/oder Stoffquelle beladbaren, Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeichers

mit

• - mindestens einem nachgeschalteten Hochtemperaturspeicher

ist,

• - zwischen dem Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher und dem Hochtemperaturspeicher mindestens ein Verdichter und/oder eine Verdichterstufe zum Verdichten des Arbeitsstoffes angeordnet ist,

und

• - mindestens eine Wärmesenke und/oder Stoffsenke (Verbraucher) zur Energie- und/oder Stoffversorgung und/oder Rückverstromung mit dem aus dem Dampf-/ Flüssigkeitsspeicher und/oder dem Verdichter oder der Verdichterstufe und/oder dem Hochtemperaturspeicher ausgegebenen Arbeitsstoff gekoppelt ist.

The system for supplying energy and/or material to at least one consumer using at least one working substance has

• - at least one heat source and/or material source,
• - at least one storage system,
• - at least one compressor and/or at least one compressor stage,
• - at least one heat sink and/or material sink (consumer),

according to the invention, the storage system is a combination

• - at least one vapor/liquid reservoir that can be loaded using at least one heat source and/or material source

with

• - at least one downstream high-temperature storage tank

is,

• - at least one compressor and/or one compressor stage for compressing the working material is arranged between the vapor/liquid storage and the high-temperature storage,

and

• - at least one heat sink and/or material sink (consumer) for energy and/or material supply and/or reconversion into electricity is coupled to the working material output from the vapor/liquid storage and/or the compressor or the compressor stage and/or the high-temperature storage.

Through this configuration of the system for energy and/or material supply, a heat pump storage system can be implemented, with which a temperature increase of the working material output from the first storage can be realized by vapor compression and the working material, which has increased in temperature, is stored in a further storage, namely the High temperature storage can be stored.

This makes it possible for the first time to have one or more consumers with the same high temperatures temperatures from the high-temperature storage or all or some or only one with lower temperatures output from the vapor/liquid storage.

Furthermore, it is also possible to at least partially realize reconversion of electricity using an expansion machine and/or to connect means for reconversion to electricity downstream of the steam/liquid storage and/or the high-temperature storage: e.g. a steam turbine, or a combined gas/steam turbine or a displacement machine. The steam from the first working material can also be used for process steps in fuel cells or in the chemical industry.

The system can therefore be used effectively and flexibly.

In order to ensure a desired temperature increase, a multi-stage compression can be integrated between the vapor/liquid storage and the high-temperature storage, for example by means of several compressors and/or compressor stages. This allows the temperature of the working fluid released from the vapor/liquid storage to be increased even further.

In front of the high-temperature storage, mechanical and/or thermal vapor compression of the working material released from the vapor/liquid storage can also be achieved by means of mechanical and/or thermal compressors. Through the mechanical and/or thermal vapor compression, the above-described increase in temperature of the working material is achieved, which is then stored in the high-temperature storage.

Advantageously, at least one expansion element and/or a pressure loss-generating component for the working fluid is arranged between the high-temperature storage and the vapor/liquid storage, so that the expansion of the working fluid (reduction of the pressure) with return to the vapor/liquid storage can be realized
and or
Elements are integrated into the high-temperature storage to relax the working fluid before returning it to the vapor/liquid storage.

The component that generates pressure loss can be, for example, a thin tube or a cross-sectional constriction or a nozzle or an orifice or a deflection or a valve body or another hydraulic organ for throttling or a combination.

As a result, the working material is returned to the vapor/liquid storage in liquid or predominantly liquid form or, for operational reasons, also in gaseous form.

The vapor/liquid storage contains in particular the working substance at equilibrium or near equilibrium of two phases, liquid and vapor, with the temperature, pressure, mass and fill level of the liquid phase changing when the vapor/liquid storage is loaded and unloaded thus the storage function corresponds to a mass storage and a thermal energy storage.

The high-temperature storage loaded with the compressed working material is designed in particular as a container and, for example, as a tube bundle apparatus with storage material. Additionally or alternatively, encapsulated storage materials or capsule-free storage materials can also be introduced into the container, in which case the storage material(s) consist in particular of phase change material, with heat transfer from the working material to the storage material being possible without or with a wall for material separation.

The working material(s) can preferably be any condensable gases/vapors and/or inorganic or organic liquids, in particular water, alkanes, alcohols (methanol, ethanol) or ammonia or conventional synthetic refrigerants or their mixtures and/or suspensions.

• - zur Versorgung mit höheren Temperaturen im Bereich von 40 °C bis 800 °C mit dem Verdichter und/oder dem Hochtemperaturspeicher gekoppelt und/oder
• - zur Versorgung mit niedrigeren Temperaturen im Bereich von 20 °C bis 400 °C mit dem Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher gekoppelt.

Furthermore, according to the invention, at least one heat sink and/or material sink (consumer) is

• - coupled to the compressor and/or the high-temperature storage tank and/or to supply higher temperatures in the range from 40 °C to 800 °C
• - coupled to the vapor/liquid storage to supply lower temperatures in the range of 20°C to 400°C.

This once again illustrates the flexible operation of the system.

According to one method, the energy and/or material is supplied to at least one consumer using a system described above, wherein according to the invention at least one working material in the form of steam/gas from the steam/liquid storage via at least one compressor and/or at least one compressor stage by means of a Vapor compression compresses and thereby increases the temperature of the working material and the working material, which has increased in temperature, is used to load at least one high-temperature storage tank, in which the working material cools down and/or is at least partially liquefied and returns to the steam via at least one expansion element and/or via a component that generates pressure loss in a circuit. / Liquid storage is conducted, with at least one heat sink and / or material sink / a consumer and / or electricity being generated via the vapor / liquid storage and / or the compressor / the compressor stage and / or the high-temperature storage.

The process implemented with the system also enables an effective and flexible energy and/or material supply to the consumer.

The vapor/liquid storage and the high-temperature storage can be loaded or discharged simultaneously or with a time delay.

Furthermore, it is possible to realize a multi-stage compression of one or more working materials and/or to realize a multi-stage expansion of one or more high-temperature storage units.

The multi-stage relaxation can be carried out, for example, with several relaxation elements and/or with several components that generate pressure losses and/or by means of a decentralized relaxation in the high-temperature storage with distributed throttle points.

The steam/liquid storage is loaded in particular via at least one heat pump and/or via waste heat and/or process heat and/or renewable heat such as. E.g. solar thermal energy, geothermal energy, environmental heat.

Furthermore, it is possible to load the steam/liquid storage using a conventional supply, e.g. via the flow and/or return of a conventional heating circuit. A material flow can also be fed directly into the vapor/liquid storage via the flow B1V without a return line B1R. If no source of heat and/or material is available, material can also be supplied via the return line R.

With the system and the process, high performance and work coefficients (ratio of heat provision to electrical effort for compressing the working material) can be achieved. The loading and unloading performance(s) of the storage tanks can be well coordinated. Furthermore, the system and the method for energy and/or material supply with temperature increase make it possible to achieve high temperatures during discharge compared to steam storage and hybrid storage (state of the art).

An increase in energy storage density as well as an increase in flexibility in heat and power supply is possible.

Advantageously, good system operation with heat pumps and storage and the use of ecological working materials (refrigerants) can be achieved.

• • der Brüdenverdichtung (mechanisch oder thermisch) eines Arbeitsstoffes,
• • zur Beladung bzw. Nutzung eines Hochtemperatur-Speichers,
• • unter Verwendung Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher als Wärmequelle und/oder Stoffquelle,
• • der Entspannung des Arbeitsstoffes mit Rückführung in den Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher.

According to the invention, the system is based on the following approaches:

• • the vapor compression (mechanical or thermal) of a working substance,
• • for loading or using a high-temperature storage device,
• • using vapor/liquid storage as a heat source and/or material source,
• • the expansion of the working material with return to the vapor/liquid storage.

Operation with flexible temperatures and pressures is possible. By selecting the working material and the storage material, favorable adjustments can be made, which are important for high-temperature production and storage. It is important to note that the temperatures on the heat source side and on the heat sink side can fluctuate.

The high-temperature storage used is preferred and typically designed as a container. A special construction can be, for example, a tube bundle apparatus.

Encapsulated storage substances or capsule-free storage substances can also be introduced into the container.

In the high-temperature storage, heat is transferred from the working material to the storage materials with or without a wall for material separation.

If a wall is formed (heat exchanger), heat transfer can be improved by ribs (on the working material side and/or on the storage material side). However, the use of additives in the storage medium (e.g. stabilization of the storage material, prevention of decomposition and hypothermia as well as corrosion, increase of effective thermal conductivity) is also possible.

Optionally, pipes and channels that carry the working fluid(s) through the storage tank can be equipped with decentralized throttle points for multi-stage expansion.

All organic and inorganic solids and/or liquids as well as their composite material systems can be used as storage materials.

As storage substances (e.g. salts, salt hydrates, alkanes, alkenes, paraffins, alcohols, sugar alcohols, polyolefins, fatty acids, esters, nitrates, hydroxides, chlorides, carbonates, fluorides, amides, ethers, glycols, metals, alloys and mixtures and/ or suspensions), substances are preferably provided which undergo high changes in the specific enthalpy due to the solid-liquid phase change.

However, other changes in the atomic or molecular structure can also be used. At very high temperatures, solids (e.g. beds, shaped elements) may also be used as storage materials.

The storage materials can also be combined - in particular several phase change materials (PCM). The storage substances are located in the cavity of the tube bundle apparatus or in capsules.

The loading is carried out by the compacted working material.

Optionally, the use of an additional electrical heater for one or more storage units (e.g. additional storage loading or overheating of the working fluid, especially before and after the compressor) can be implemented (not shown in the drawings). The discharge occurs via heat delivery to the consumer.

The vapor/liquid storage stores the working substance at equilibrium or near equilibrium of the two phases, liquid and vapor. During loading and unloading, the temperature, pressure, total mass and level of the liquid phase change. This means that the storage function corresponds to a mass storage and a thermal energy storage.

The position of the container can be standing, lying or inclined. The vapor/liquid storage can be a single storage or consist of multiple storages. The storage capacity can be expanded with one or more liquid storage units (e.g. hot/warm water storage tanks).

All condensable gases/vapors and/or inorganic or organic liquids can be used as working materials. Water, alkanes (e.g. propane, butane), alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol), ammonia and conventional synthetic refrigerants as well as their mixtures and suspensions appear to be particularly suitable.

The steam/liquid storage and the high-temperature storage can be loaded simultaneously or staggered. The same applies to discharge.

A reference variant according to the invention essentially consists of a single-stage compression and the use of a working material.

• • mehrstufige Verdichtung, ein Arbeitsstoff,
• • mehrstufige Verdichtung, mehrere Arbeitsstoffe,
  • ◯ mit mindestens einem internem Wärmeübertrager,
  • ◯ mit mindestens einem externem Wärmeübertrager,
• • Erweiterung des Dampf-Flüssigkeitsspeichers mit mindestens einem Flüssigkeitsspeicher,
• • mit einer mindestens einer Umgehung des Hochtemperatur-Speichers und mit mindestens einer Vorwärmung/Überhitzung,
• • mehrstufige Entspannung durch mehrere Hochtemperatur-Speicher mit gesteuerten Entspannungsorganen und/oder dezentrale Entspannung im Speicher mit verteilten Drosselstellen.

Further advantages can be achieved by expanding the system, for example using the interconnections and combinations listed below:

• • multi-stage compression, one working material,
• • multi-stage compression, several working materials,
  • ◯ with at least one internal heat exchanger,
  • ◯ with at least one external heat exchanger,
• • Expansion of the vapor-liquid storage with at least one liquid storage,
• • with at least one bypass of the high-temperature storage and with at least one preheating/superheating,
• • Multi-stage relaxation through several high-temperature storage tanks with controlled relaxation organs and/or decentralized relaxation in the storage tank with distributed throttle points.

• 1 Variante der Anlage in Form eines Wärmepumpen-Speicher-Systems in vereinfachter Darstellung, mit einer einstufigen Verdichtung, mit einem Arbeitsstoff, einem Hochtemperatur-Speicher, mit einer Entspannung, mit einem Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher, mit einem beliebigen Wärmequellen/ Stoffquellen-System,
• 2 weitere Variante eines Wärmepumpen-Speicher-Systems, in vereinfachter Darstellung ähnlich wie 1, jedoch mit einem Wärmequellen/Stoffquellen-System in Form einer vorgeschalteten Wärmepumpe und mit einem Wärmesenken-System und/oder einem Stoffsenken-System (Verbraucher),
• 3 Wärmepumpen-Speicher-System in vereinfachter Darstellung ähnlich wie 1 und 2 mit einer mehrstufigen (hier dreistufigen) Verdichtung, und einer mehrstufigen (hier dreistufigen) Entspannung,
• 4 Wärmepumpen-Speicher-System in vereinfachter Darstellung mit einer zwei-/ mehrstufigen Verdichtung, mit zwei Arbeitsstoffen, einem Hochtemperatur-Speicher, mit einem internen Wärmeübertrager, mit einer zwei-/mehrstufigen Entspannung, mit zwei Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeichern und mit einem Wärmequellen-System,
• 5 Wärmepumpen-Speicher-System, ähnlich wie 4, jedoch mit einem externen Wärmeübertrager,
• 6 Wärmepumpen-Speicher-System in vereinfachter Darstellung mit einer einstufigen Verdichtung, mit einem Arbeitsstoff, mit einem Hochtemperatur-Speicher, mit einer Entspannung, mit einem Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher, mit einem Wärmequellen/Stoffquellen-System und mit einem Flüssigkeitsspeicher und mit Pumpen zur Be- und Entladung (Druckerhöhung), ggf. Nutzung der hydrostatischen Höhe (Anordnung unter dem Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher)
• 7 Wärmepumpen-Speicher-System, vereinfachte Darstellung mit einer einstufigen Verdichtung, mit einem Arbeitsstoff, mit einem Hochtemperatur-Speicher, mit einer Entspannung, mit einem Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher, mit einem sowie mit einem Wärmeübertrager zur Vorwärmung des angesaugten Gases/Dampfes und einer Umgehung des Hochtemperatur-Speichers zur Betriebsoptimierung,
• 8 Wärmepumpen-Speicher-System, vereinfachte Darstellung einer vier-/mehrstufigen Ausführung des Hochtemperatur-Speichers, mit einer vier-/mehrstufigen geregelten Entspannung,
• 9 Wärmepumpen-Speicher-System, vereinfachte Darstellung einer einstufigen Ausführung des Hochtemperatur-Speichers, mit dezentraler Entspannung mit verteilten Drosselstellen im Hochtemperatur-Speicher.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments and associated drawings. Show it:

• 1 Variant of the system in the form of a heat pump storage system in a simplified representation, with a single-stage compression, with a working fluid, a high-temperature storage, with an expansion, with a vapor/liquid storage, with any heat source/material source system,
• 2 Another variant of a heat pump storage system, in a simplified representation similar to 1 , but with a heat source/material source system in the form of an upstream heat pump and with a heat sink system and/or a material sink system (consumer),
• 3 Heat pump storage system in a simplified representation similar to 1 and 2 with a multi-stage (here three-stage) compression, and a multi-stage (here three-stage) expansion,
• 4 Heat pump storage system in a simplified representation with a two/multi-stage compression, with two working fluids, a high-temperature storage, with an internal heat exchanger, with a two/multi-stage expansion, with two vapor/liquid storage and with a heat source system ,
• 5 Heat pump storage system, similar to 4 , but with an external heat exchanger,
• 6 Heat pump storage system in a simplified representation with a single-stage compression, with a working fluid, with a high-temperature storage, with an expansion, with a vapor/liquid storage, with a heat source/material source system and with a liquid storage and with pumps - and discharge (pressure increase), if necessary use of the hydrostatic head (arrangement under the steam/liquid storage)
• 7 Heat pump storage system, simplified representation with a single-stage compression, with a working fluid, with a high-temperature storage, with an expansion, with a vapor/liquid storage, with a and with a heat exchanger for preheating the sucked-in gas/steam and a bypass the high-temperature storage for operational optimization,
• 8th Heat pump storage system, simplified representation of a four/multi-stage version of the high-temperature storage, with a four/multi-stage controlled expansion,
• 9 Heat pump storage system, simplified representation of a single-stage version of the high-temperature storage, with decentralized expansion with distributed throttle points in the high-temperature storage.

• - einer ersten Wärmequelle und/oder Stoffquelle 1.1,
• - einem ersten Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher 2.1,
• - einem ersten Verdichter 3.1,
• - einem ersten Hochtemperaturspeicher 4.1,
• - einer Wärmesenke und/oder Stoffsenke (Verbraucher) 6,

dargestellt.In the 1 and 2 is a simplified representation of a basic variant of a system for supplying energy and/or material to a consumer

• - a first heat source and/or material source 1.1,
• - a first vapor/liquid storage 2.1,
• - a first compressor 3.1,
• - a first high-temperature storage 4.1,
• - a heat sink and/or material sink (consumer) 6,

shown.

A storage system with two different storages is used, namely with at least one vapor/liquid storage and with at least one high-temperature storage.

The first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 is loaded here, for example, using any first heat source and/or material source 1.1. The first loading B1 of the vapor/liquid storage 2.1 is realized via a flow B1V from the first heat source and/or material source 1.1 to the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1. From this, a return B1R of the first load B1 optionally leads back to the first heat source and/or material source 1.1. A first pump P1 for pumping the working fluid is integrated into the return line B1R. The first steam/liquid storage 2.1 can only be loaded via a flow B1V. It is also possible that different mass flows occur in the flow B1V and in the return B1R (not shown in 1 ). The time-shifted compensation of the mass of the working material then takes place via the flow V to the heat and/or material sink (consumer) 6. If there is no first heat source and/or material source 1.1 available, the return R can also be used as a material source for returning the first working material A1 serve.

If, for example, water is used, an open process is conceivable. Hot water and/or steam reaches the first steam/liquid storage tank 2.1 via the flow B1V. If there is no first heat source and/or material source 1.1, cold condensate (liquid water, first working material A1) can also be supplied to the first steam/liquid storage 2.1. In both cases, the hot working material A1 is passed to the heat and/or material sink (consumer) 6 with a time delay.

A closed process is also possible and necessary if one of the working materials is not allowed to enter a heat and/or material source system and/or a heat and/or material sink system.

In the lower region 2.1a of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 there is a liquid phase of a first working substance A1 and in the upper region 2.1b there is a vaporous and/or gaseous phase of the first working substance A1.

The fill level of the liquid phase in the lower area 2.1a of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 is variable.

Furthermore, a second load B2 leads from the upper area 2.1b of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 via a second flow B2V and via the first compressor 3.1 to the first high-temperature storage 4.1 with at least one storage material 12 and from this via a first expansion element 5.1 for the working material as a return B2R in the vapor/liquid storage 2, especially in liquid form in the lower area 2.1a.

Thus, the first compressor 3.1 is arranged between an entrance of the first high-temperature storage 4.1, so that a vapor compression with an increase in the temperature of the gaseous/vaporous working material output from the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 is realized, whereby the working material for loading the first high-temperature storage 4.1 has a higher Temperature than when emerging from the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1.

Between an output of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1, which is arranged at the upper region 2.1b, a first discharge E1 can lead directly to the consumer 6 via a flow E1V.

Alternatively, a flow V leads from the upper area 2.1b of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 via the first compressor 3.1 directly to the consumer 6.

In addition, a second discharge as flow E2V and a third discharge as flow E3V lead to the consumer 6 from the first high-temperature storage 4.1, with the flow E3V of the third discharge from the first vapor / liquid storage 2.1 being conveyed into the first high-temperature storage 4.1 via a second pump P2 .

The consumer or several consumers 6 can be supplied via one, several or all flows V, E1V, E2V, E3V.

From the consumer 6, returns R, E1 R and E3R of the discharges 1 and 3 can lead to the vapor/liquid storage 2.1 via a third pump P3.

Furthermore, a return E2R of the discharge E2 from the consumer 6 can also lead to the first high-temperature storage 4.1 via a fourth pump P4.

In contrast to 1 , in which the arbitrary first heat source and / or material source 1.1 is shown schematically, is according to 2 the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 is loaded by means of a first heat source and/or material source 1.1, which is designed in the manner of a heat pump, consisting of evaporator 1.a, heat pump compressor 1.b, condenser 1.c or gas cooler and heat pump expansion element 1 .d.

All flows and returns can be switched via unnamed valves.

According to the 1 and 2 At least one heat sink and/or material sink (consumer) 6 for energy and/or material supply can be coupled to the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 and/or the first compressor 3.1 and/or the first high-temperature storage 4.1 by appropriate switching of the valves.

This creates an extremely flexible heat pump/storage system with temperature increase.

3 shows a heat pump storage system in a simplified representation with a multi-stage compression, which is designed here in three stages, with a working fluid, three vapor/liquid storage systems 2.1 to 2.3, with a three/multi-stage expansion, with a first high-temperature storage device 4.1 and with a first heat source/material source system 1.1.

From the first heat source and/or material source 1.1, a first loading B1 of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 takes place, preferably in its lower region 2.1a, in which liquid working medium is stored, by means of a flow B1V. Also preferably from the lower region 2.1a of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1, a return B1R of the first load B1 leads via a first pump P1 back to the first heat source and/or material source 1.1.

From the first upper area 2.1b of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1, vaporous working fluid is passed via a first compressor 3.1 to the second vapor/liquid storage 2.2 in its lower area 2.2a. From the second vapor/liquid storage 2.2, vaporous working fluid is passed from its upper area 2.2b via a second compressor 3.2 into the lower area 2.3a of a third vapor/liquid storage 2.3 and from the upper area 2.3b of the third vapor/liquid storage 2.3 via a third compressor 3.3 as a second load B2 in a flow B2V to the first high-temperature storage 4.1, which also contains a storage material 12, supplied.

The return B2R of the second load B2 of the working material from the first high-temperature storage 4.1 to the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 takes place via the third and second vapor/liquid storage 2.2, 2.3, with a first expansion element between the first high-temperature storage 4.1 and the third vapor/liquid storage 2.3 5.1, between the third vapor/liquid storage 2.3 and the second vapor/liquid storage 2.2 a second expansion element 5.2 and between the second vapor/liquid storage 2.2 and the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 a third expansion element 5.3 is arranged.

By using three vapor/liquid accumulators 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 connected in series, each with three downstream compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, a three-stage vapor compression occurs, in which after each compressor 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 in the direction of the flow B2V the temperature is higher.

The return B2R of the second loading always leads from the expansion elements 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 into the vapor/liquid storage 2.1, 2.2, 2.3.

Preferably, the return B2R of the second load from the expansion elements 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 leads in at least partially liquid form and/or in a gaseous state, in particular into the lower regions 2.3a, 2.2a, 2.1a with the liquid phases of the working material.

• - nach mindestes einem oder jedem der drei Dampf-/Flüssigkeitsspeicher 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 und/oder
• - nach mindestens einem oder jedem der Verdichter 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 und/oder
• - von einem Ausgang des ersten Hochtemperaturspeichers

über entsprechende Leitungen sowie nicht dargestellte Ventile und deren Schaltungen zum Verbraucher eine entsprechende Verbindung für die Versorgung des/der Verbraucher vorgesehen sein, je nachdem mit welchem Temperaturniveau der/die Verbraucher versorgt werden soll/sollen.A consumer 6, not shown here, can be supplied via corresponding lines, which are also not shown here. It can, for example

• - after at least one or each of the three vapor/liquid reservoirs 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and/or
• - after at least one or each of the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and/or
• - from an output of the first high-temperature storage

A corresponding connection for supplying the consumer(s) can be provided via appropriate lines as well as valves (not shown) and their circuits to the consumer, depending on the temperature level with which the consumer(s) should be supplied.

The 4 and 5 show further exemplary variants of the system according to the invention for supplying energy and/or material to a consumer in the form of a heat pump storage system with temperature increase in a simplified representation. A multi-stage compression also takes place here, which here is carried out in two stages, for example, with a first and second heat exchanger 2.1, 2.2 and first and second compressors 3.1 and 3.2 connected downstream and with two working materials A1, A2.

The first loading B1 of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 takes place as in 3 from the first heat source and/or material source 1.1 by means of the flow B1V into the lower region 2a of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1. A return B1R of the first load B1 leads from the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 (lower area 2a) via a first pump P1 back to the first heat source and/or material source 1.1. There is also a first high-temperature memory 4.1.

There is a first working fluid A1 in the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 and a working fluid A2 in the second vapor/liquid storage 2.2.

The variants of the 4 and 5 differ in their internal heat exchanger 7 ( 4 ) and an external heat exchanger 8 ( 5 ).

At 4 an internal heat exchanger 7 is provided in the second vapor/liquid storage 2.2. From the vapor phase of the first working material A1 in the upper area 2.1b of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1, the first working material A1 is compressed via the first compressor and its temperature is thereby increased and flows through the internal heat exchanger 7 located in the lower area 2.2a and over a second expansion element 5.2 (in which the first working material A1 is at least partially liquefied) back into the first vapor/liquid reservoir 2.1 in its lower region 2.1a with the liquid phase. As a result, the second working fluid A2 is heated in the second vapor/liquid storage 2.2 by means of the internal heat exchanger 7.

At 5 an external heat exchanger 8 is arranged between the first compressor 3.1 and the second vapor/liquid storage 2.2. The first working material A1, the vaporous phase from the upper area 2.1b of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1, flows via the external heat exchanger 8 and via a second expansion element back into the first area 2.1a (liquid phase) of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1. From the lower area 2.2a of the second vapor/liquid storage 2.2, liquid first working material A1 is also passed via a fifth pump P5 via the external heat exchanger 8 and back into the lower area 2.2a of the two th steam/liquid storage 2.2. The second working fluid A2 located in the second vapor/liquid storage 2.2 is thus heated via external heat exchangers 8 by means of the first working fluid A1.

In both variants according to the 4 and 5 The vapor phase of the second working material A2 from the upper region 2.2b of the second vapor/liquid storage 2.2 is compressed via a second compressor 3.2 and is thereby further heated and leads via the flow B2V of the second load B2 to the first high-temperature storage 4.1. The return B2R of the second load B2 leads from the first high-temperature storage 4.1 via a first expansion element 5.1 in at least partially liquid form and / or gaseous state into the lower region 2.2a of the second vapor / liquid storage 2.2. The at least one consumer (not shown) can be connected through branches (not shown) to the first and/or second vapor/liquid storage 2.1, 2.2 and/or to the first and/or second compressor 3.1, 3.2 and/or from the first high-temperature storage 4.1 are supplied. The connection then takes place via appropriate valves (not shown).

The 6 shows a heat pump storage system in a simplified representation with a single-stage compression, with a first working fluid A1, with a first high-temperature storage 4.1, with a first expansion element 5.1, with a first vapor / liquid storage 2.1, with a first heat source and / or material source 1.1 and with a liquid storage 9 and with a pump P6 for unloading the first vapor / liquid storage 2.1 from the liquid storage 9, and a pump P7 for loading the first vapor / liquid storage 2.1.

As in the previous examples, the liquid phase of the working material A1 is located in the lower area 2.1a of the vapor/liquid storage 2 and the gaseous phase is located in the upper area 2.1b.

The first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 is loaded and unloaded with the first working fluid A1 from the lower area 2.1a via the pumps P6, P7. By recharging in at least one circuit U, it is possible, among other things, to increase the pressure of the working fluid A1. Furthermore, it is possible to arrange the liquid reservoir 9 below the first vapor/liquid reservoir 2.1 and to circulate the working fluid A2, if necessary using the hydrostatic height, between the first vapor/liquid reservoir 2.1 and the liquid reservoir 9 by means of the pumps P6 and P7.

From the upper area 2.1a of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1, vaporous working material A1 is compressed via the first compressor 3.1 and fed to the first high-temperature storage 4.1 via the flow B2V as a second load B2.

From the first high-temperature storage 4.1, the first working material A1 is at least partially liquefied via the first expansion element 5.1 and passed into the lower region 2.1a of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1.

Like the 4 and 5 the first loading B1 of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 takes place from the first heat source and/or material source 1.1 by means of the flow B1V into the lower region 2.1a of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1. From the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 (lower area 2.1a), the return B1R of the first load B1 leads via the first pump P1 back to the first heat source and/or material source 1.1.

The different switching states are implemented via unmarked valves. Furthermore, appropriate lines can lead to the consumer(s) not shown here after the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 and/or after the first compressor 3.1 and/or from the first high-temperature storage 4.1 for supplying energy and/or material to the consumer(s). .

7 shows a variant of the system with single-stage compression, with a first vapor / liquid storage 2.1, a first working fluid A1, with a first high-temperature storage 4.1, with a first expansion element 5.1, with a first heat source and / or material source 1.1 and with a third Heat exchanger 10 for preheating the sucked-in vaporous first working material A1 and at least partially bypassing the first high-temperature storage 4.1 for operational optimization.

Here too, the first loading B1 of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 takes place from the first heat source and/or material source 1.1 by means of the flow B1V into the lower region 2.1a of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1. From the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 (lower area 2.1a), the return B1R of the first load B1 leads via the first pump P1 back to the first heat source and/or material source 1.1.

The vapor/gaseous phase of the first working fluid A1 is sucked in from the upper area 2.1b of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 via the first compressor 3.1 and passes here via the third heat exchanger 10, which is located between the first vapor / liquid storage 2.1 is arranged. To preheat the first working material A1 output from the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1, either the first working material A1 emerging from the first compressor 3.1 and/or the first working material A1 emerging from the first high-temperature storage 4.1, which has a higher temperature than that from the upper region 2.1b of the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 has working material A2 emerging in normal operation, is passed over the third heat exchanger 10 and thereby increases the temperature of the first working material A1 in front of the first compressor 3.1.

For this purpose, the return B2R of the working material A1 of the second load B2 emerging from the first high-temperature storage 4.1 is returned via the third heat exchanger 10 and the first expansion element 5.1 to the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 in the lower area 2.1a (liquid phase).

The consumer(s) not shown here can also be supplied with heat via lines (not shown) to the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 and/or the first compressor 3.1 and/or from the first high-temperature storage 4.1, for which appropriate valves are provided are (not shown).

Furthermore, it is possible to use additional compressors and/or one or more compressor stages instead of or in addition to the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 used in the aforementioned exemplary embodiments.

Also not shown is the possibility of integrating an additional electrical heater after the compressor(s) or one, several or all compressors and/or compressor stages in order to further increase the temperature of the working fluid if necessary.

8th shows the possible arrangement of several high-temperature storage units of a heat pump storage system in a simplified representation.

A four-stage version of high-temperature storage, each containing a storage substance 12, with a regulated multi-stage - here four-stage - relaxation is provided.

After a first high-temperature memory 4.1 is a first regulated relaxation element/motor valve 11.1, between the first high-temperature memory 4.1 and a second high-temperature memory 4.2 there is a second regulated relaxation element/motor valve 11.2, between the second and the third high-temperature memory 4.2 and 4.3 there is a third regulated relaxation element/motor valve 11.3 , a fourth regulated relaxation element motor valve 11.4 is provided between the third and fourth high-temperature storage units 4.3 and 4.4. The working material A1 passes from at least one compressor or at least one compressor stage, not shown here, via the flow of the second load B2V and a fifth expansion element/motor valve 11.5 into the fourth high-temperature storage 4.4 and from there via the other aforementioned motor valves and the third 4.3 and second high-temperature storage 4.2 into the first high-temperature storage 4.1 and from there via the first expansion element 5.1 back into the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1, not shown here.

From the fourth high-temperature storage unit at the top here, a flow E2V continues to discharge the high-temperature storage unit(s) 4.1 to 4.4 to the consumer 6.

From the consumer 6, a return E2R of the discharge leads via a fourth pump P4 into the high-temperature storage 4.1 to 4.4 and the motor valves 11.1 to 11.5 and exits again as the flow E2V of the discharge.

Both 1 until 8th The working material is relaxed via a relaxation organ.

However, it is alternatively or additionally possible to realize a relaxation of the working material in the high-temperature storage or in the high-temperature storage.

9 shows a simplified representation of a first high-temperature storage 4.1, with decentralized expansion of, for example, a first working material A1. To this end, channels 13 lead through a storage material 12 of the high-temperature storage device 4.1, through which the working material A1 flows and in which throttle points 14 are arranged. Between the channels 13 and the storage material 12 there is a wall 15 for material separation and heat transfer from the working material A1 to the storage material 12.

Through the throttle points 14, a multiple and/or partial relaxation of the working substance A1 is already realized in the high-temperature storage 4.1.

• • in Form von Wasser bevorzugt 30 °C bis 370 °C und 0,0042 MPa bis 21 MPa,
• • in Form von Ammoniak bevorzugt -30 °C bis 130 °C und 0,0716 MPa bis 10,89 MPa,
• • in Form von Aceton bevorzugt 55 °C bis 230 °C und 0,098 MPa bis 4,36 MPa,
• • in Form von Methanol bevorzugt 60 °C bis 240 °C und 0,0847 MPa bis 8,18 MPa,
• • in Form von Ethanol bevorzugt 50 °C bis 240 °C und 0,0294 MPa bis 6,095 MPa,
• • in Form von R1234ze(Z) (synthetisches Kältemittel) bevorzugt 20 °C bis 100 °C und 0,4234 MPa bis 3,03 MPa,
• • in Form von Propan bevorzugt 20 °C bis 90 °C und 0,836 MPa bis 3,76 MPa,
• • in Form von Butan bevorzugt 20 °C bis 150 °C und 0,208 MPa bis 3,67 MPa.

In the variants described above with only a first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 (see 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 ) are the temperature and pressure of the working fluid in the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1.

• • in the form of water, preferably 30 °C to 370 °C and 0.0042 MPa to 21 MPa,
• • in the form of ammonia preferably -30 °C to 130 °C and 0.0716 MPa to 10.89 MPa,
• • in the form of acetone, preferably 55 °C to 230 °C and 0.098 MPa to 4.36 MPa,
• • in the form of methanol, preferably 60 °C to 240 °C and 0.0847 MPa to 8.18 MPa,
• • in the form of ethanol, preferably 50 °C to 240 °C and 0.0294 MPa to 6.095 MPa,
• • in the form of R1234ze(Z) (synthetic refrigerant) preferably 20 °C to 100 °C and 0.4234 MPa to 3.03 MPa,
• • in the form of propane, preferably 20 °C to 90 °C and 0.836 MPa to 3.76 MPa,
• • in the form of butane, preferably 20 °C to 150 °C and 0.208 MPa to 3.67 MPa.

The list of selected working materials shows a relatively large operating range in terms of temperature and pressure. If mixtures/suspensions of the working materials mentioned above are used (two- or multi-substance systems), the pressure and temperature ranges change depending on the substance proportions. For example, for a 50%/50% water-ethanol mixture, the pressures are in the range from 0.0031 MPa to 0.0049 MPa for 20 °C and in the range from 17.8 MPa to 18.2 MPa for 330 °C .

The final compression temperature after the first compressor 3.1 depends heavily on the working material, the state in which the working material enters the compressor as well as the type of compression and its quality (displacement or turbomachine, number of compression stages, mode of operation, etc.). Therefore, final compression temperatures of up to 800 °C and/or final compression pressures of up to 21 MPa and higher can occur.

Examples of possible pressure/temperature conditions for a working fluid of water/steam are described below.

In the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1, the temperature is, for example, 100 ° C to 150 ° C at a pressure of 0.101 MPa to 0.476 MPa

After the first compressor 3.1, the temperature of the working fluid is in the form of, for example, water/steam, which is acc. 1 and 2 is passed into the high-temperature storage 4.1, higher than the temperature in the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 and can be a maximum of 700 ° C. The pressure of the working medium water/steam is higher than in the first steam/liquid storage 2.1 and is a maximum of 2.55 MPa.

For the sake of simplicity, specific temperatures and pressures are given for the following variants, although these can also differ.

According to a variant not shown, based on 3 If two vapor/liquid reservoirs 2.1, 2.2 are used, the working material, for example water/water vapor, is transferred from the first vapor/liquid reservoir 2.1 (temperature 100 ° C, pressure 0.101 MPa) via vapor compression by means of the first compressor 3.1 into the second vapor-liquid reservoir 2.2 promoted. The temperature in the second vapor/liquid storage 2.2 is then higher than in the first vapor/liquid storage 2.1 and is up to 150 °C. The pressure of the working fluid is 0.472 MPa.
Due to the further compression after the second vapor/liquid storage 2.2 by means of the compressor 3.2, the temperature of the working fluid, which is the
High-temperature storage 4.1 is supplied, higher than the temperature in the second vapor / liquid storage 2.2 and is up to 500 ° C. When fed into the high-temperature storage, the pressure is preferably 1.55 MPa.

Be according to 3 If three vapor/liquid stores 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, each with downstream compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, are arranged in series one behind the other, the pressure and temperature of the first two vapor/liquid stores 2.1, 2.2 are in the aforementioned areas with two vapor/liquid stores 2.1 and 2.2 and two compressors 3.1, 3.2.

The temperature of the working fluid in the third vapor/liquid storage 2.3 is then also higher than in the second vapor/liquid storage 2.2 and is up to 200 ° C and the pressure in the third vapor/liquid storage 2.3 is higher than in the second vapor/liquid storage 2.2 and is up to 1.55 MPa.

The additional third compressor 3.3 after the third vapor-liquid storage 2.3 further increases the temperature and pressure of the working fluid, whereby the temperature of the working fluid during the second loading B2 of the high-temperature storage 4.1 up to 600 ° C and the pressure up to 3.98 MPa.

Through the variants described above, very high temperatures can be provided to supply the consumer(s).

When using other working materials, the temperature/pressure ranges change.

These can be obtained/determined/calculated from relevant sources for the working materials used.

The variants shown in the figures can be combined with one another and expanded.

Instead of the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 shown in the drawings, several compressors can be used or combined and/or one or more compressor stages can be used.

For example, one or more turbomachines (e.g. turbine(s)) and/or displacement machines (e.g. a reciprocating piston engine) can be arranged between the high-temperature storage unit 4.1 and the consumer 6 for reconversion into electricity.

Furthermore, one or more turbomachines (e.g. turbine(s)) and/or displacement machines (e.g. a reciprocating piston engine) and/or fuel cells can also be used as consumers 6.

In addition to supplying heat/energy to one or more consumers, it is also possible with the system and method according to the invention to supply one or more consumers with substances, in particular at high temperatures. This can be used, for example, in the chemical or process engineering industry and preferably when using working materials in the form of ethanol and/or methanol and/or water or their mixtures/combinations.

The supply with water vapor is typical. The working material can then be sent directly to the consumer. If a different working material is used, at least one heat exchanger is usually used to separate the materials.

Heat/energy supply usually takes place in closed circuits, i.e. the material or heat transfer medium remains in the circuit.

With a material/and energy supply, an open process control is also possible, in which substances are added to and removed from the processes shown on the source and/or sink side in order to realize chemical and/or process engineering processes.

• - Abwärme aus industriellen und/oder kraftwerkstechnischen Prozessen,
• - Umweltwärme,
• - Abwasserströme,
• - regenerative Wärmequellen,
• - Wärme aus Heiznetzen bzw. Heizkreisläufen,
• - Wärme aus Rückkühlanlagen,
• - Abwärme aus Rechenzentren.

Heat sources can be, for example:

• - Waste heat from industrial and/or power plant processes,
• - environmental heat,
• - wastewater flows,
• - renewable heat sources,
• - Heat from heating networks or heating circuits,
• - Heat from recooling systems,
• - Waste heat from data centers.

These can also be used in combination.

• - Wärmeversorgungssysteme für industrielle, verfahrenstechnische, chemische Prozesse,
• - Raumheizung,
• - Klimatisierung,
• - Brauchwasserserwärmung,
• - Kraftwerksprozesse,
• - Trocknung,
• - Kälteerzeugung.

Heat sinks can be, for example:

• - heat supply systems for industrial, process engineering, chemical processes,
• - space heating,
• - air conditioning,
• - Domestic water heating,
• - power plant processes,
• - drying,
• - Cold production.

Multiple heat sinks can also be supplied.

• - Stoffe aus einer natürlichen oder künstlichen Quelle, z.B.
• - Abwasserstrom,
• - natürliches oder künstliches Gewässer,
• - Abgasstrom aus einem Verbrennungsprozess oder chemischen Prozess,
• - kontinuierlicher oder nichtkontinuierlicher Produktstrom aus einem Prozess, Diese können auch kombiniert genutzt werden.

Material sources can be, for example:

• - Substances from a natural or artificial source, e.g
• - wastewater stream,
• - natural or artificial water,
• - exhaust gas stream from a combustion process or chemical process,
• - continuous or non-continuous product stream from a process, these can also be used in combination.

• - industrielle, verfahrenstechnische, chemische Prozesse,
• - Kraftwerksprozesse,
• - Raumheizung,
• - Klimatisierung,
• - Brauchwasserserwärmung,
• - Trocknung,
• - Kälteerzeugung,
• - kontinuierliche und/oder nichtkontinuierliche Produktionsprozesse,

Material sinks can be, for example:

• - industrial, process engineering, chemical processes,
• - power plant processes,
• - space heating,
• - air conditioning,
• - Domestic water heating,
• - drying,
• - cooling production,
• - continuous and/or non-continuous production processes,

Several material sinks can also be supplied.

The invention provides a system which can be flexibly adapted to the existing heat sources and material sources and can increase the temperature according to the steam /Liquid storage/s and the use of a high-temperature storage enables one or more consumers to be supplied from one or more heat sinks or one or more material sinks. The system can also supply the consumer(s) with different temperatures.

Reference symbol list

1.1

first heat source and/or material source

1.a

Evaporator

1.b

Heat pump compressor

1.c

liquefier

1.d

Gas cooler and heat pump expansion device

2.1

first vapor/liquid storage

2.1a

lower area of the first vapor/liquid storage

2.1b

upper area of the first vapor/liquid storage

2.2

second vapor/liquid storage

2.2a

lower area of the second vapor/liquid storage

2.2b

upper area of the second vapor/liquid storage

2.3

third vapor/liquid storage

2.3a

lower area of the third vapor/liquid storage

2.3b

upper area of the third vapor/liquid storage

3.1

first compressor

3.2

second compressor

3.3

third compressor

4.1

first high-temperature storage

4.2

second high temperature storage

4.3

third high temperature storage

4.4

fourth high temperature storage

5.1

first relaxation organ

5.2

second relaxation organ

5.3

third relaxation organ

6

Heat sink and/or material sink (consumer)

7

internal heat exchanger

8th

external heat exchanger

9

Fluid storage

10

third heat exchanger

11.1

first regulated relaxation element/motor valve

11.2

second regulated relaxation element/motor valve

11.3

third regulated relaxation element/motor valve

11.4

fourth regulated relaxation organ/motor valve

11.5

fifth regulated relaxation organ/motor valve

12

storage material

13

channels

14

Restrictions

15

Wall

A1

first working material

A2

second working material

B1

first loading

B1R

Return of the first load B1

B1V

Advance of the first load B1

B2

second loading

B2R

Return of the second load B2

B2V

Advance of the second load B2

E1

first discharge

E1R

Return of discharge 1

E1V

Advance of discharge 1

E2

second discharge

E2R

Return of discharge 2

E2V

Advance of discharge 2

E3

third discharge

E3R

Return of the discharge 3

E3V

Advance of discharge 3

P1

first pump

P2

second pump

P3

third pump

P4

fourth pump

P5

fifth pump

P6

sixth pump

P7

seventh pump

R

Rewind

U

Circulation

v

leader

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

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• US 10794227 B1 [0017]

Claims (6)

System for supplying energy and/or material to at least one consumer (6) using at least one working material (A1, A2). - at least one heat source and/or material source (1.1, 6), - at least one storage system, - at least one compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and/or one compressor stage, - At least one heat sink and/or material sink (consumer) (6), the storage system being a combination - at least one vapor/liquid reservoir (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) that can be loaded using at least one heat source and/or material source (1.1, 6). - at least one high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4), where - between the vapor/liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) and the high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) at least one compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and/or a compressor stage for compressing the working material (A1, A2) is arranged and - the at least one heat sink and/or material sink (consumer) (6) for energy and/or material supply and/or at least partial reconversion into electricity from the vapor/liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) and/or the compressor (3.1 , 3.2, 3.3) and / or the compressor stage and / or the high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) output working fluid (A1, A2) is coupled. Plant according to Claim 1 , characterized in that a multi-stage compression is integrated between the vapor/liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) and the high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) and that this is in front of the high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) has mechanical and/or thermal vapor compression by means of mechanical and/or thermal compressors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3). Plant according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that - between the high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) and the vapor/liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) there is at least one expansion element and/or a pressure loss-generating component (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) for the working material (A1, A2) is arranged so that the expansion of the working substance (A1, A2) with return to the vapor/liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) can be realized and/or - that into the high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) Elements for expanding the working material (A1, A2) are integrated into the vapor/liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) before being returned. Plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the vapor/liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) contains the working substance (A1, A2) at equilibrium or near/operationally an equilibrium of two phases, liquid and vapor, and that at a loading and unloading of the vapor/liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) the temperature, the pressure, the mass and the fill level of the liquid phase changes and thus the storage function corresponds to a mass storage and a thermal energy storage and/or that - the high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) loaded with the compressed working material (A1, A2) is designed as a container and is a tube bundle apparatus with storage material (12) and / or encapsulated storage materials (12) or capsule-free storage materials (12) in are introduced into the container, wherein the storage material(s) (12) consist in particular of phase change material and that heat transfer from the working material (A1, A2) to the storage material (12) can be achieved with or without a wall (15) for material separation. Plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the working substance(s) (A1, A2) are all condensable gases/vapors and/or inorganic or organic liquids, in particular water, alkanes, alcohols (methanol, ethanol) or ammonia or are conventional synthetic refrigerants and/or additives or their mixtures and/or suspensions. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one heat sink and/or material sink (consumer) (6) - for supplying higher temperatures in the range from 40 °C to 800 °C with the compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and/or is coupled to the high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) and/or - is coupled to the vapor/liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) for supplying lower temperatures in the range from 20 °C to 400 °C .