DE202022002923U1 - Lens with functional layer to suppress colored reflections - Google Patents

Abstract

Pane (1), in particular intended to separate an interior (7) from an external environment (8), comprising: - an outer pane (2) and an inner pane (3), the inner pane (3) being one of the outer pane (2). inner surface (IV) facing away and the outer pane (2) have an outer surface (I) facing away from the inner pane (3), - an electrically conductive coating (5) and - a functional layer (6) which has polarization filtering properties and between the outer pane ( 2) and the inner pane (3), the electrically conductive coating (5) being applied to one of the surfaces of the outer pane (2) or the inner pane (3) and the functional layer (6) visible through the pane (1 ) is in coverage with the electrically conductive coating (5), so that water that is in coverage with the functional layer (6) and that, if the functional layer (6) is between the inner pane (3) and the electrically conductive coating (5 ) is arranged, is applied to the inner surface (IV) of the inner pane (3) or, if the functional layer (6) is arranged between the outer pane (2) and the electrically conductive coating (5), on the outer surface (I) is applied to the outer pane (2), is perceived by a viewer at a viewing angle α of greater than or equal to 35° with a color whose a* and b* values of the L*a*b* color space are not greater than the absolute value 5 are.

Description

The invention relates to a disc with a functional layer.

Motor vehicle windows are often provided with electrically conductive structures, which, for example, fulfill reflection, heating or antenna functions. For panes made of glass, such electrically conductive structures can be printed onto the pane surface as a heating or reflective coating, for example in the form of a metal-containing paste, and partially baked. Alternatively, such coatings can be applied, for example, by means of physical vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD).

These coatings are often transparent, electrically conductive coatings, which are in particular silver-based. Such electrically conductive coatings can be used as coatings with reflective properties for the infrared range or as heatable coatings. WO 03/024155 A2 discloses, for example, an electrically conductive coating with two layers of silver.

Electrically conductive coatings for reflecting light modify the transmission/absorption range of panes for at least part of the solar spectrum. In particular, a high level of reflection for light in the infrared range is often desired. This allows the solar input into rooms or vehicle interiors/compartments to be controlled if the panes are installed as external glazing on buildings or as windows on means of transport such as cars, trains, airplanes, etc. This prevents excessive heating in strong sunlight.

However, these coatings in combination with windows often have the disadvantage that they cause coloring when reflected at certain viewing angles. US 2014/0087101 A1 discloses a coating on a glass pane with several layers, one of these layers neutralizing the color when the light is reflected. This layer is based on silicon oxides. WO 2011/161110 A1 discloses a disc in which the color can be neutralized when light is reflected by an electrically controllable functional element. The functional element changes its state via electrochemical reactions that can be selectively adjusted by applying a voltage.

Another optical problem can occur when panes that are provided with electrically conductive coatings are wetted by water, especially water drops. In these cases, the water or water droplets may appear strongly colored at certain viewing angles. For example, to the viewer it looks as if red-colored drops were applied to the pane. This reddish color impression can be attributed to dichroic effects on electrically conductive layers, which ensure polarization, wavelength and angle-dependent absorption effects. The resulting color impressions represent an optical defect, this applies in particular if the panes are intended to be used as a transparent pane in contact with the external environment or in a humid environment.

One solution to the problem is to reduce the thickness of the coatings on the pane. With a smaller layer thickness, discoloration due to dichroic effects is less pronounced. However, this option has the disadvantage that the radiation-reflecting effect and the specific heating power of the coating decrease.

The WO 2005/017600 A1 discloses a head-up display with a light source and a polarization filter, which is arranged in the head-up display area of the window irradiated with the light source. The polarization filter has reflective properties for visible light, with the p-polarized light being reflected more strongly than the s-polarized light from the polarization filter.

The object of the present invention is therefore to reduce optical defects in panes that are provided with an electrically conductive coating. Visual defects refer to color impressions caused by drops of water that come into contact with the pane.

The object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a disc according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

• - eine Außenscheibe und eine Innenscheibe, wobei die Innenscheibe eine von der Außenscheibe abgewandte Innenfläche und die Außenscheibe eine von der Innenscheibe abgewandte Außenfläche aufweist,
• - eine elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung und
• - eine funktionelle Schicht.

According to the invention, a pane is described which is intended in particular to separate an interior space from an external environment. The disc includes at least:

• - an outer pane and an inner pane, the inner pane having an inner surface facing away from the outer pane and the outer pane having an outer surface facing away from the inner pane,
• - an electrically conductive coating and
• - a functional layer.

The functional layer has polarization filtering properties. The electrically conductive coating is applied to one of the surfaces of the outer pane or the inner pane and the functional layer is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane. The functional layer is arranged in such a way that, when viewed through the pane, it overlaps with the electrically conductive coating. This arrangement means that water, which is in overlap with the functional layer and which is applied to the inner surface of the inner pane, if the functional layer is arranged between the inner pane and the electrically conductive coating, is visible to a viewer at a viewing angle α of greater or equal to 35° is perceived with a color whose a* and b* values of the L*a*b* color space are not greater than the absolute value 5. Alternatively, the same applies to water that is applied to the outer surface of the outer pane if the functional layer is arranged between the outer pane and the electrically conductive coating.

The improved color impression achieved by the pane according to the invention occurs at viewing angles α of greater than or equal to 35°. Particularly low a* and b* values are preferably achieved for a viewing angle α of greater than or equal to 40°, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 45° and in particular greater than or equal to 50°. The viewing angle α is the angle at which a viewer looks at the outer surface of the outer pane or the inner surface of the inner pane of the pane according to the invention. The viewing angle α is measured starting from a normal to the surface plane of the pane, i.e. an axis which is arranged perpendicular to the surface plane of the pane. A viewing angle α of 0° means a vertical view of one of the outer surfaces of the pane. A viewing angle α of 90° means the horizontal view along one of the outer surfaces of the pane.

If an element A is in overlap with an element B, this means that the orthogonal projection from the element A to the plane of the element B is located completely within the element B or that the orthogonal projection from the element B to the plane of the element A is arranged completely within the element A. In other words, in coverage means that either element A is completely covered by element B when viewed through the pane or that element B is completely covered by element A when viewed through the pane. Element A and element B are preferably arranged congruently or substantially congruently with one another.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrically conductive coating completely covers the functional layer when viewed through the pane. For example, if the electrically conductive coating is applied to the inner pane and the functional layer is arranged according to the invention between the inner pane and the outer pane, then the functional layer is not visible to an observer who looks through the pane in the direction of the inner pane towards the outer pane. The functional layer is completely hidden from the viewer by the electrically conductive layer. In particular, the functional layer and the electrically conductive coating are arranged congruently with one another when viewed through the pane.

The characters a* and b* are values of the L*a*b* color space, i.e. a color model that describes all perceptible colors. L* indicates the brightness value and can have values between 0 and 100. a* indicates the chromaticity and color intensity between green and red, while b* indicates the chromaticity and color intensity between blue and yellow. The more negative or positive the values of b* and a* are, the more intense the color is. For values close to 0 for a* and b* there is a rather achromatic, i.e. neutral, color tone. Delta E (ΔE) can be used to determine whether a color difference is perceived by an observer. Delta E is a measure of the distance between two colors and shows whether the difference between two colors can be perceived. It is therefore a relative measure with reference to the peculiarities of human color perception. A Delta E always refers to two colors that are to be compared with each other. The calculation of Delta E is done by calculating the Euclidean distance between the a*, b* and L* values. The formula for calculation is as follows: $$\mathrm{\Delta }E=\sqrt{\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="L"\; filenames="DE202022002923U1\_0002.png,DE202022002923U1\_0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="DE202022002923U1\_0002.png,DE202022002923U1\_0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}\right)+{\left(a_1^{*}-a_2^{*}\right)}^2+{\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="b"\; filenames="DE202022002923U1\_0002.png,DE202022002923U1\_0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="b"\; filenames="DE202022002923U1\_0002.png,DE202022002923U1\_0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}\right)}^2}.$$

The L ₁ ^* , a ₁ ^* and b ₁ ^* are the L*a*b* values of a first sample and the L ₂ ^* , a ₂ ^* and b ₂ ^* are the L*a*b* values of a second Sample. The L*a*b* color space and its meaning are known to those skilled in the art.

The absolute value is the distance between a real number and 0. This means, for example, the absolute value of -5 is 5 and the absolute value of 5 is also 5.

Common measurement methods for determining a*, b* and L* values of the L*a*b* color space (CIELAB) are generally known to those skilled in the art. Common measuring devices for determination are, for example, the Minolta CM508d spectrometer from Konica Minolta Sensing Europe B.V. or the Tec5 spectrometer from tec5 AG. To determine the a*, b* and L* values of the L*a*b* color space, the measurement conditions must first be determined. For example, the type of light (D50, D65, A or others, see DIN 5033-7:2014-10), the standard observer (2° or 10° see DIN 5033-7:2014-10), the measurement geometry (directional or diffuse lighting see DIN 5033-7:2014-10), the measurement mode (reflection in top view or transmission in view), the measuring points of the sample and the number of measurements can be determined. The term “normal observer” refers to the average vision of the color-normal vision population at different historical field sizes (DIN 5033-7:2014-10). In order to enable a uniform evaluation, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) established spectral evaluation functions. The evaluation function describes how a normal observer perceives color. The evaluation is based on experimentally determined sensitivity curves of the long-wave, medium-wave and short-wave cones of the human eye (see also DIN 5033-1:2017-10).

For example, for the measurement, the sample, i.e. a drop of water on the disk according to the invention, can be illuminated at a predetermined angle after the measurement conditions have been determined. A detector of a measuring device detects the light reflected from the sample. The spectral intensity of the reflected light is obtained over a wavelength range from 360 nm to 830 nm. The spectrum obtained is then integrated only in the areas that coincide with one of the sensitivity curves of the long-wave, medium-wave and short-wave cones. In this way, the integrals for the long-wave, medium-wave and short-wave light components are formed, which according to DIN 6174:2007-10 are then mathematically transformed into the a*, b* and L* values of the L*a*b* color space. It is understood that to determine the a*, b* and L* values according to the invention, the detector detects the reflected light at the viewing angle α according to the invention to the pane. A linear polarizing filter can be arranged between the detector and the sample, i.e. in the beam path of the reflected light. The angle at which the sample is illuminated can be from 0° to 90°, preferably from 0° to 80°, to the surface of the disk (measured starting from a normal to the surface plane of the disk).

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the 10° observer is used for evaluation for the determination of the a*, b* and L* values according to the invention. Standard light D65 (average daylight with approx. 6500 Kelvin) is preferably used. The measurement mode is preferably reflection in top view and the disk is illuminated with diffuse light. The detector is preferably equipped with a linear polarizing filter.
The term “external environment” refers to the environment adjacent to the pane, which is temporarily or permanently exposed to the weather. The external environment is therefore not completely protected, preferably not at all, from rain or solar radiation. The term “interior” refers to the environment adjacent to the pane, which is protected from external weather. The interior is, for example, a vehicle interior or a building interior.

By the inner pane is meant the individual transparent substrate of the pane which is intended to be adjacent to the interior space. By the outer pane is meant the individual transparent substrate of the pane, which is intended to be adjacent to the external environment. The outer pane has an outer surface facing away from the inner pane and an inner surface facing the inner pane. The inner pane has an outer surface facing the outer pane and an inner surface facing away from the outer pane. The outer surface of the outer pane and the inner surface of the inner pane are the outer surfaces of the pane according to the invention. Correspondingly, the inner surface of the outer pane and the outer surface of the inner pane are the inner surfaces of the pane according to the invention. The outer pane is the part of the pane according to the invention which is intended to adjoin the external environment with the outer surface. It ver It is clear that the inner pane is the part of the pane according to the invention which is intended to adjoin the interior with the inner surface.

The functional layer is arranged to be visible through the pane, overlapping with the electrically conductive coating. This arrangement results in lower color impressions, i.e. lower a* and b* values, of the water if any watery moisture adheres to the inner pane or the outer pane. The functional layer filters the light reflected on the electrically conductive coating in such a way that a slightly grayish-bluish color impression (low a* and b* values, preferably below an absolute value of 5) is created for the viewer. Instead of, for example, a strong reddish, yellow, green or blue color (and mixtures thereof), the water applied to the outer pane or the inner pane has a weaker intensity and is hardly noticeable to the viewer. The technical advantage can only be achieved for either the outer pane or the inner pane. In order to neutralize colored water drops or water films on the outer surface of the outer pane due to dichroic effects (i.e. low a* and b* values), the functional layer must be arranged between the outer pane and the electrically conductive coating. If the color effects on the inner surface of the inner pane are to be neutralized, the functional layer must be arranged between the electrically conductive coating and the inner pane. This also implicitly describes that no further electrically conductive coating can be arranged between the water drop and the functional layer when viewed directly through the pane. Any further electrically conductive coating that may be present between the water drop and the functional layer is therefore not in line with the functional layer. However, it does not mean that one or more additional electrically conductive coatings, which are arranged in an area of the pane that does not overlap with the functional layer, cannot be applied to the inner pane and the outer pane.

In a preferred embodiment, no further electrically conductive coating is applied to the outer pane if the electrically conductive coating according to the invention is applied to the inner pane. It also applies that no further electrically conductive coating is applied to the inner pane if the electrically conductive coating according to the invention is applied to the outer pane. In particular, when viewed through the pane, no further electrically conductive coating is arranged between the water drop that has been neutralized in color according to the invention and the functional layer.

By water that is applied to the pane is meant, for example, rain, condensation, dew and any other liquid that consists of at least more than 50%, preferably at least more than 90%, in particular 100% water. The effect of the invention is particularly advantageous if the water is applied to the pane as a drop or film.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the outer pane and the inner pane are connected to one another flatly by a thermoplastic intermediate layer. This means: the thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane. Such a pane is advantageously used as a vehicle pane, preferably a windshield or roof pane. Alternatively, such a pane can also be used as insulating glazing or as part of insulating glazing in buildings.

If the functional layer is “arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane”, this means in the sense of the invention that the functional layer can be arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer, on the inner surface of the outer pane or on the outer surface of the inner pane. The functional layer can also be arranged or applied to the electrically conductive coating. The functional layer can also be applied to the inner surface of the outer pane or the outer surface of the inner pane. The arrangement of the functional layer within the thermoplastic intermediate layer is particularly preferred since it can be arranged cost-effectively even after the electrically conductive coating has been applied.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the pane also comprises a peripheral spacer arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, in the edge region of the pane, and a space between the panes, which is delimited by an inner surface of the spacer and the outer pane and the inner pane. The inner pane and the outer pane are connected to the spacer by a sealant. This means that there is a seal between a side wall of the spacer and the inner pane and between another side wall and the outer pane tel arranged. The inner pane and the outer pane are arranged parallel and preferably congruent. The edges of the outer pane and the inner pane are therefore arranged flush in the edge area, which means they are at the same height. Such a pane is particularly suitable for use as insulating glazing in buildings. Panes with functional properties also play a major role in the building sector. Electrically conductive coatings are used, for example, for thermal insulation, i.e. the reflection of IR and/or UV radiation. The resulting optical defects in connection with moisture adhering to the pane can be eliminated or at least reduced using the variant described here.

The sealant preferably contains a polyisobutylene. The polyisobutylene can be a crosslinking or non-crosslinking polyisobutylene.

Preferably, an outer space between the panes is at least partially filled with a secondary sealant. The outer pane space is defined as the space bounded by the first pane, the second pane and an outer surface of the spacer. The secondary sealant contributes to the mechanical stability of the pane and absorbs part of the climatic loads that act on the edge seal of the pane.

By the inner surface of the spacer is meant the surface which is more towards the center of the disk, with the outer surface of the spacer being arranged away from the center. The sidewall is a surface located to the left of and perpendicular to the inner and outer surfaces of the spacer. The further sidewall is a surface disposed to the right of and perpendicular to the inner and outer surfaces of the spacer. If the spacer is frame-shaped and arranged circumferentially along the edge area of the pane, this means that the inner surface of the spacer is also the inner surface of the frame. It is understood that in this case the outer surface of the spacer is also the outer surface of the frame.

The secondary sealant preferably contains polymers or silane-modified polymers, particularly preferably organic polysulfides, silicones, room temperature-crosslinking (RTV) silicone rubber, peroxide-crosslinked silicone rubber and/or addition-crosslinked silicone rubber, polyurethanes and/or butyl rubber. These sealants have a particularly good stabilizing effect.

The space between the panes is preferably filled with an inert gas, particularly preferably with a noble gas, preferably argon or krypton, which reduce the heat transfer value in the inner space between the panes.

The spacer is preferably hollow and comprises a hollow profile. The hollow profile is preferably based on one or more metals, alloys or polymers or mixtures thereof. Suitable spacers such as those that can also be used for the present invention are, for example, from the published publications WO 2019201530 A1 and WO 2017174333 A1 known. These spacers have particularly good temperature properties, so that when the spacer heats up or cools down, there is little to no expansion or contraction. Alternatively, the spacer can also be solid, i.e. not hollow on the inside. Solid spacers are preferably based on polyurethanes or polyacrylates.

In order to prevent and/or reduce the penetration of moisture into the space between the panes and the spacer, drying agents are preferably included in the spacer. For example, a desiccant can be stored in the hollow profile of the spacer or added to the material of the spacer during the production of the spacer. Drying agents typically used for such purposes are known to those skilled in the art. Such drying agents are preferably molecular sieves.

• • Elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung / Innenscheibe / thermoplastische Zwischenschicht / funktionelle Schicht / Außenscheibe
• • Elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung / Innenscheibe / funktionelle Schicht / thermoplastische Zwischenschicht / Außenscheibe
• • Elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung / Innenscheibe / funktionelle Schicht innerhalb der thermoplastische Zwischenschicht / Außenscheibe
• • Innenscheibe / elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung / thermoplastische Zwischenschicht / funktionelle Schicht / Außenscheibe
• • Innenscheibe / elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung / funktionelle Schicht innerhalb der thermoplastische Zwischenschicht / Außenscheibe
• • Innenscheibe / elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung / funktionelle Schicht / thermoplastische Zwischenschicht / Außenscheibe
• • Elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung / Innenscheibe / Scheibenzwischenraum und Abstandshalter / funktionelle Schicht / Außenscheibe
• • Elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung / Innenscheibe / funktionelle Schicht / Scheibenzwischenraum und Abstandshalter / Außenscheibe
• • Innenscheibe / elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung / Scheibenzwischenraum und Abstandshalter / funktionelle Schicht / Außenscheibe
• • Innenscheibe / elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung / funktionelle Schicht / Scheibenzwischenraum und Abstandshalter / Außenscheibe

In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrically conductive coating is applied to the inner surface or the outer surface of the inner pane, preferably on the outer surface of the inner pane. This arrangement makes the following preferred layer stacks possible, among others:

• • Electrically conductive coating / inner pane / thermoplastic intermediate layer / functional layer / outer pane
• • Electrically conductive coating / inner pane / functional layer / thermoplastic intermediate layer / outer pane
• • Electrically conductive coating / inner pane / functional layer within the thermoplastic intermediate layer / outer pane
• • Inner pane / electrically conductive coating / thermoplastic intermediate layer / functional layer / outer pane
• • Inner pane / electrically conductive coating / functional layer within the thermoplastic intermediate layer / outer pane
• • Inner pane / electrically conductive coating / functional layer / thermoplastic intermediate layer / outer pane
• • Electrically conductive coating / inner pane / space between panes and spacers / functional layer / outer pane
• • Electrically conductive coating / inner pane / functional layer / space between panes and spacers / outer pane
• • Inner pane / electrically conductive coating / space between the panes and spacers / functional layer / outer pane
• • Inner pane / electrically conductive coating / functional layer / space between the panes and spacers / outer pane

By applying the electrically conductive coating to the inner pane, the color impressions of water that is on the outer surface of the outer pane are neutralized and reduced. The outer pane is much more likely to be affected by water on the outer surface due to weather-related rain or other external factors. For this reason, it is preferred to avoid unaesthetic color impressions on the outer pane. However, the electrically conductive coating can also be applied to the inner surface or the outer surface of the inner pane, whereby unaesthetic color impressions on the inner pane can be avoided. This is particularly suitable for windows that are adjacent to interior spaces with high humidity, such as is common in swimming pools or greenhouses. The electrically conductive coating is preferably applied to the inner surface of the outer pane or the outer surface of the inner pane. This has the advantage that the electrically conductive coating is better protected from external influences. The electrically conductive coating is then better protected against mechanical wear and corrosion.

In a further special embodiment of the invention, the functional layer is designed as a film and is arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer. This means that the functional layer is arranged between two thermoplastic layers before lamination, which form the thermoplastic intermediate layer after lamination. Alternatively, the functional layer can be embedded in at least one thermoplastic layer by pressure and heat, preferably during the lamination process to form the disc according to the invention. The arrangement of the functional layer within the thermoplastic intermediate layer leads to a fixation of the layer. It has also been shown that the arrangement within the thermoplastic intermediate layer improves color neutralization.

The functional layer can also be applied, as a film or coating, directly to the outer pane, the inner pane or the electrically conductive coating. In these cases, the fixation of the functional layer as a film can be achieved by pressing the functional layer into the thermoplastic intermediate layer, preferably during the lamination process, or by an adhesive layer which is applied to at least one side of the functional layer.

The functional layer is preferably arranged congruently with the electrically conductive coating when viewed through the pane. This ensures that the discoloration is completely neutralized. However, the functional layer can also only partially cover with the electrically conductive coating. The functional layer preferably extends over the entire surface of the disk.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrically conductive layer extends over at least 50%, particularly preferably over at least 60%, very particularly preferably over min at least 80% and in particular over at least 90% of the surface of the pane. By coating the pane as completely as possible, homogeneous and effective protection against radiation such as infrared and ultraviolet rays is achieved.

Conventional linear polarization filters can be used for the functional layer, for example thin-film polarizers, filters with a linear dichroic material such as an anisotropic polymer layer, deformed metallic nanoparticles, or a metal polarizer.

The functional layer of the disc according to the invention is preferably in the form of polymeric delay plates. Both L/2 and L/4 retardation plates are commercially available in the form of birefringent plastic films. Polymer components adapt very well to any three-dimensional bending of the disc and can be easily integrated into the disc. The functional layer is preferably in the form of a carrier film with a polarization-active polymer layer. The polymer layer can, for example, be fixed to the carrier film via an adhesion promoter layer, such as an adhesive. The carrier film ensures the mechanical stability of the functional layer and simplifies the handling of the polarization-active polymer layers in the manufacturing process.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the functional layer is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) based film which is coated with a copolymer layer stack based on PET and/or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). Suitable functional films with polarization filtering properties are, for example, in US 5882774 A described.

The functional layer preferably comprises at least one carrier film based on PET, polyethylene (PE), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), triacetylcellulose (TAC) and/or polycarbonate and/or copolymers or mixtures thereof, particularly preferably a carrier film based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET). These materials are used as carrier film material for commercially available functional films and have proven themselves.

If the functional layer is designed as a film, it preferably has a thickness of 10 µm to 200 µm, particularly preferably 30 µm to 100 µm and in particular 40 µm to 70 µm.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the functional layer is designed as a micro- and/or nanostructured coating, which has polarization-filtering properties due to its structuring. The functional layer in this form preferably has a layer thickness of 10 nm to 100 nm. The coating can be applied to the inner surface of the outer pane or the outer surface of the inner pane by means of physical or chemical vapor deposition. The necessary micro- and/or nano-structuring of the coating is preferably subsequently produced by laser treatment of the coating.

Alternatively, the functional layer is a film and micro- and/or nano-structures are applied to this film using a roller. The roller comprises at least one roller which has micro and/or nano profiles. Nano- and/or micro-structuring is applied to the functional layer by rolling the roller. The profile of the roll leaves the desired micro- and/or nano-structuring on the functional layer, which creates polarization-filtering properties in the functional layer.

Methods for coating and structuring the functional layer are known to those skilled in the art.

The functional layer and/or the electrically conductive coating are preferably at least 20%, particularly preferably at least 30%, very particularly preferably at least 50% and in particular at least 70% transparent.

The electrically conductive coating is preferably an IR-reflecting and/or absorbing coating, a UV-reflecting and/or absorbing coating, a coloring coating, a low-emissivity coating (so-called low-E coating), a heatable coating, a coating with Antenna function, a coating with a splinter-binding effect (splinter-binding coating) and/or a coating for shielding electromagnetic radiation, for example radar radiation. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrically conductive coating has properties that reflect infrared (IR) and/or ultraviolet light on. The color neutralization effect is particularly effective for coatings that reflect IR or UV rays. The reflection of UV rays here means a particularly high reflection for UVA and UVB radiation according to ISO 13837. The IR range is in a wavelength range from 780 nm to 1400 nm.

The electrically conductive coating typically contains one or more, for example two, three or four electrically conductive, functional layers. The layers preferably contain at least one metal, for example silver, gold, copper, nickel and/or chromium or a metal alloy. The layers particularly preferably contain at least 90% by weight of the metal, in particular at least 99.9% by weight of the metal. The layers can consist of the metal or the metal alloy. The thickness of a layer is preferably from 5 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably from 8 nm to 25 nm. In this range for the thickness of the functional layer, an advantageously high transmission in the visible spectral range and a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity are achieved. Preferably, at least one dielectric layer is arranged between two adjacent functional layers of the coating. A further dielectric layer is preferably arranged below the first and/or above the last functional layer. A dielectric layer contains at least one individual layer made of a dielectric material, for example containing a nitride such as silicon nitride or an oxide such as aluminum oxide. However, dielectric layers can also include several individual layers, for example individual layers of a dielectric material, smoothing layers, adaptation layers, blocker layers and/or anti-reflection layers. The thickness of a dielectric layer is, for example, from 10 nm to 200 nm.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the pane, the electrically conductive coating comprises at least one silver layer or several silver layers, preferably at least three silver-containing layers and particularly preferably at least four silver-containing layers. Such silver layers have a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity combined with high transmission in the visible spectral range. The thickness of a silver layer is preferably from 5 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably from 8 nm to 25 nm. In this range for the thickness of the silver layer, an advantageously high transmission in the visible spectral range and a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity are achieved.

This layer structure is generally obtained through a sequence of deposition processes carried out by a vacuum process such as magnetic field-assisted sputtering.

Other suitable electrically conductive coatings preferably contain transparent, electrically conductive oxides (TCO), particularly preferably indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO ₂ :F) or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al). The functional layers preferably have a layer thickness of 8 nm to 25 nm, particularly preferably 13 nm to 19 nm. This is particularly advantageous with regard to the transparency, color neutrality and surface resistance of the electrically conductive coating.

In an advantageous embodiment, the electrically conductive coating is a layer or a layer structure of several individual layers with a total thickness of less than or equal to 5 μm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 2 μm, most preferably less than or equal to 1 μm, in particular less than or equal to 500 nm.

UV-reflecting, electrically conductive coatings preferably contain _or consist of titanium oxide ( _TiO .

Regardless of an IR-reflecting effect of the electrically conductive coating, the electrically conductive coating can also be used to heat the pane. For this purpose, at least two outer bus conductors intended for connection to a voltage source are preferably connected to the electrically conductive coating in such a way that a current path for a heating current is formed between the bus conductors. By heating the window using the electrically conductive coating, more energy- and cost-intensive variants of heating, such as the heating usually used for windshields in vehicles using the HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) method, can be avoided.

The thermoplastic intermediate layer contains or consists of at least one thermoplastic, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and/or polyurethane (PU) or copolymers or derivatives thereof, optionally in combination with polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be, for example, polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene len (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and / or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, or a copolymer or mixture thereof.

The thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably formed by at least one thermoplastic film. The thermoplastic intermediate layer can therefore be formed by a single film or by more than one film. The thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by one or more thermoplastic films arranged one above the other, the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer after lamination of the layer stack preferably being from 0.25 mm to 1 mm, typically 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.

The thermoplastic intermediate layer contains additives known to those skilled in the art, such as plasticizers. The thermoplastic film preferably contains at least one plasticizer. Plasticizers are chemical compounds that make plastics softer, more flexible, supple and/or elastic. They shift the thermoelastic range of plastics towards lower temperatures, so that the plastics have the desired more elastic properties in the operating temperature range. Preferred plasticizers are carboxylic acid esters, especially low-volatility carboxylic acid esters, fats, oils, soft resins and camphor.

The thermoplastic film can also be a functional thermoplastic film, in particular a film with acoustically dampening properties, a film that reflects infrared radiation, a film that absorbs infrared radiation and/or a film that absorbs UV radiation. For example, the thermoplastic film can also be a band filter film that blocks out narrow bands of visible light.

The inner pane and/or outer pane preferably contain or consist of glass, particularly preferably curved glass, flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, alumino-silicate glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, Polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof.

The inner pane and/or outer pane can have other suitable, known coatings, for example anti-reflective coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings or sun protection coatings or low-E coatings.

The thickness of the individual panes (inner pane and/or outer pane) can vary widely and be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Discs with standard thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 50 mm, preferably 1.0 mm to 16 mm and in particular 0.5 to 5 mm are preferably used. The size of the discs can vary widely and depends on the use.

The inner pane and/or outer pane can have a black print in some areas on the outer surface and/or the inner surface. The black print preferably contains at least one pigment and glass frits. It may contain other chemical compounds. The glass frits can be melted on or melted and the black print can thereby be permanently connected to the glass surface (fused or sintered). The pigment ensures the opacity of the black print. The printing ink from which black printing is formed contains at least the pigment and the glass frits suspended in a liquid phase (solvent), for example water or organic solvents such as alcohols. The pigment is typically a black pigment, for example carbon black, aniline black, bone black, iron oxide black, spinel black and/or graphite. The black print is preferably frame-like and serves primarily as UV protection for, for example, the windshield assembly adhesive. The frame-like black print can be significantly enlarged towards the center of the pane in the area of sensors.

The pane is transparent in a viewing area which preferably extends over at least 70%, particularly preferably over at least 80% and in particular over at least 90% of the surface of the pane. For the purposes of the present invention, “transparent” means that the overall transmission of the pane corresponds to the legal regulations for building or vehicle panes and for visible light, a transmittance (for vehicle panes according to ISO 9050 (2003-08)) of more than 30% and in particular is preferred of more than 60%, for example more than 70%. Accordingly, “opaque” means a light transmission of less than 15%, preferably less than 10%, particularly preferably less than 5% and in particular 0%. The visible spectral range and visible light are a range or rays that are in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 800 nm.

The disk can have any three-dimensional shape. The glass pane and the optional second glass pane preferably have no shadow zones, so that they can be coated, for example, by cathode sputtering. Preferably, the glass pane and the optional second glass pane are flat or slightly or strongly curved in one direction or in several directions of the room.

Preferably, no image display device is directed at an area of the disk with the functional layer. It goes without saying that preferably no image is projected from the image display device onto the area of the pane with the functional layer. The disk is therefore preferably not part of a projection arrangement. Projection arrangements mean, for example, head-up displays in which an image is projected onto a vehicle window and the projected image is reflected from the vehicle window into the interior of the vehicle. Image display devices mean, for example, devices that use a liquid crystal (LCD) display, thin film transistor (TFT) display, light emitting diode (LED) display, organic light emitting as an image source -Diode (OLED) display, electroluminescent (EL) display or the like. +

In principle, a wide variety of glass pane geometries are possible, for example rectangular, trapezoidal and rounded shapes. To produce round geometries, the optionally arranged spacer can be bent, for example, in the heated state.

Furthermore, the invention extends to a vehicle window which comprises the window according to the invention.
Furthermore, the invention extends to a vehicle which is equipped with the vehicle window according to the invention, wherein preferably no image display device is directed at the vehicle window and no image of an image display device is reflected via the vehicle window according to the invention into an interior of the vehicle. If the vehicle includes a projection arrangement, the vehicle window according to the invention is preferably not part of the projection arrangement.

1. a) eine Außenscheibe, eine Innenscheibe und eine funktionelle Schicht mit Polarisationsfilternden Eigenschaften werden bereitgestellt.
2. b) Auf eine der Oberflächen der Außenscheibe oder der Innenscheibe wird eine elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung aufgebracht.
3. c) die Außenscheibe, die Innenscheibe und die funktionelle Schicht werden so angeordnet, dass die funktionelle Schicht zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe angeordnet ist und die funktionelle Schicht in Durchsicht durch die Scheibe in Überdeckung mit der elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung ist.

A method for producing a disc according to the invention comprises the following process steps in the order given:

1. a) an outer pane, an inner pane and a functional layer with polarization filtering properties are provided.
2. b) An electrically conductive coating is applied to one of the surfaces of the outer pane or the inner pane.
3. c) the outer pane, the inner pane and the functional layer are arranged so that the functional layer is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane and the functional layer is in line with the electrically conductive coating when viewed through the pane.

The pane according to the invention can be used in means of transport for transport on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles, for example as a windshield, rear window, side windows and / or glass roof, preferably as a windshield or as a functional and / or decorative individual piece and as a built-in part Furniture, equipment and buildings are used.

• 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Scheibe als Verbundscheibe,
• 1a eine Querschnittansicht der Scheibe aus 1,
• 2 eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Scheibe mit Abstandshalter,
• 2a eine Querschnittansicht eines Randbereiches der Scheibe aus 2,
• 3 eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Scheibe als Verbundscheibe und
• 3a eine Querschnittansicht der Scheibe aus 3.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments, with reference being made to the attached figures. It shows in a simplified, not true-to-scale representation:

• 1 a top view of an embodiment of the pane according to the invention as a composite pane,
• 1a a cross-sectional view of the disk 1 ,
• 2 a top view of a further embodiment of the disc according to the invention with spacers,
• 2a a cross-sectional view of an edge area of the pane 2 ,
• 3 a top view of a further embodiment of the pane according to the invention as a composite pane and
• 3a a cross-sectional view of the disk 3 .

1 shows a top view of an embodiment of the disk 1 according to the invention. 1a shows a cross-sectional view of the exemplary embodiment 1 . The cross-sectional view of 1a corresponds to the section line AA' of disk 1, as in 1 indicated.

The pane 1 comprises an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3 with a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, 4.1, 4.2, which is arranged between the outer and inner panes 2, 3. The disk 1 is therefore designed as a composite disk. The pane 1 is intended, for example, to be installed in a vehicle and separates a vehicle interior 7 from an external environment 8. For example, the pane 1 is the windshield of a motor vehicle.

The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 each consist of glass, preferably thermally toughened soda-lime glass, and are transparent to visible light. The outer pane 2 has, for example, a thickness of 2.1 mm and the inner pane 3, for example, a thickness of 1.5 mm.

The outer surface I of the outer pane 2 faces away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and faces the external environment 8. The outer surface I of the outer pane 2 is at the same time the outer surface of the pane 1. The inner surface II of the outer pane 2 and the outer surface III of the inner pane 3 each face the intermediate layer 4. The inner surface IV of the inner pane 3 faces away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and faces the interior 7. The inner surface IV of the inner pane 3 is at the same time the inner surface of the pane 1.

It is understood that the disk 1 can have any suitable geometric shape and/or curvature. As a disk 1, it typically has a convex curvature. The disk 1 also has an upper edge V located at the top in the installed position and a lower edge VI located at the bottom in the installed position as well as a side edge located on the left and right.

In an edge region of the pane 1, a frame-shaped black print 9 is applied to the inner surface II of the outer pane 2. The black print 9 is opaque and prevents the view of structures arranged on the inside of the window 1, for example an adhesive bead for gluing the window 1 into a vehicle body. The black print 9 consists of an electrically non-conductive material that is conventionally used for black prints, for example a black-colored screen printing ink that is baked. The black print 9 is slightly widened along the lower edge VI compared to the upper edge V. The “width” is the dimension of the black print 9 perpendicular to the lower edge VI of the pane 1.

The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4.1, 4.2 is, for example, based on two thermoplastic plastic films, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and / or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and has a thickness of 0.5 mm. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is arranged congruently with the inner pane 3 and the outer pane 2.

A functional layer 6 is embedded within the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, 4.1, 4.2, congruent with the surface of the pane 1. The functional layer 6 is arranged between a first film of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4.1 and a second film of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4.2. The functional layer 6 is, for example, a PET film. The PET film is, for example, coated with a copolymer layer stack based on PET and PEN. The thickness of the functional layer 6 is, for example, 0.08 mm. The functional layer 6 has polarization filtering properties.

An electrically conductive coating 5 is applied to the outer surface III of the inner pane 3. The electrically conductive coating 5 extends over the entire surface of the pane 1 with the exception of a thin edge area, for example 1 cm wide. The uncoated edge area extends in a frame shape along the peripheral edges (top and bottom edges V, VI and side edges) of the pane 1. The edge area is preferably free of an electrically conductive coating 5 in order to electrically protect the body when the pane 1 is installed in a vehicle to isolate from the pane 1. The electrically conductive coating 5 is, for example, a silver-containing coating with 3 silver layers The total thickness of the electrically conductive coating 5 is, for example, 100 nm. The electrically conductive coating 5 is transparent and has, for example, IR-reflecting properties.

The electrically conductive coating 5 can also be connected to two busbars, unlike shown here. For this purpose, a busbar is electrically and materially connected to the electrically conductive coating 5 along an edge region of the coating 5 near the upper edge V of the pane 1. For this purpose, a second bus conductor is electrically and materially connected to the electrically conductive coating 5 along an edge region of the coating 5 near the lower edge VI of the pane 1. This arrangement creates a current path through the electrically conductive coating 5. When an electrical voltage is applied to the busbar, a heating current can be formed through the electrically conductive coating 5. The heating current can be used to keep the pane 1 free of fog and ice, for example.

In a generic pane, which is constructed identically to the pane 1 described here, with the exception that no functional layer 6 is arranged between the outer pane 2 and the electrically conductive coating 5, an aqueous wetting of the outer surface I of the outer pane 2 would occur an unpleasant color impression can occur. For example, aqueous drops appear on the outer pane 2 at a viewing angle (in the 1A , 2A and 3A represented by α) of, for example, greater than 40° to an axis which is arranged perpendicular to the surface plane of the disk 1, particularly strongly red, blue, violet, yellow or green. Other colors and color mixtures are also possible. These seemingly colored drops appear unaesthetic to the viewer and attract negative attention. The arrangement of the functional layer 6 between the outer pane 2 and the electrically conductive coating 5 leads to a more neutral color effect of the drops on the outer surface 1 of the outer pane 2. The drops appear slightly grayish and / or bluish, compared to the otherwise transparent, colorless Disc 1. The slightly intense greyish/bluish color is less unaesthetic compared to the more intense color impressions that occur for generic discs.

2 shows a top view of a further embodiment of the disk 1 according to the invention. 2a shows a cross-sectional view of an edge region of the exemplary embodiment 2 . The cross-sectional view of 2a corresponds to the section line BB' of disk 1, as in 2 indicated.

The pane 1 is designed in the form of insulating glazing. The pane 1 comprises an outer pane 2, which is arranged congruently with an inner pane 3. In an edge region of the pane 1, a spacer 11 with a cavity 12 is arranged between the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3. The edge area of the pane 1 means an area that is spatially close to a circumferential edge of the pane 1, for example the top, bottom and/or side edges V, VI of the pane 1. The edge region of the pane 1 preferably has a width of approximately 10 cm. The “width” is understood to be the dimension of the edge area perpendicular to the circumferential edge of the pane 1. The spacer 11 is, for example, frame-shaped, arranged circumferentially within the edge region of the pane 1. The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 protrude slightly beyond the spacer 11. The spacer 11 consists, for example, essentially of polypropylene. The cavity 12 of the spacer 11 can be filled with a desiccant, for example a molecular sieve, to protect the disk 1 from moisture (not shown).

The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 each have an outer surface I, III, which faces an external environment 8, and each have an inner surface II, IV, which faces an interior 7. A sealant 13.1 connects the outer pane 2 to a left side surface of the spacer 11, the sealant 13.1 being applied to the inner surface II of the outer pane 2. The inner pane 3 is connected to a right side surface of the spacer 11 with a sealant 13.2, the sealant 13.2 being applied to the outer surface III of the inner pane 3. The sealant 13.1, 13.2 contains, for example, a crosslinking polyisobutylene. The spacer 11 has an inner surface VII and an outer surface VIII, which are arranged orthogonally to the inner surface II of the outer pane 2. The inner surface VII of the spacer 11 is the surface of the spacer 11 which faces the inner space between the panes 10.1. The outer surface VIII of the spacer 11 is the surface of the spacer 11 which faces away from the inner space between the panes 10.1. The inner space between the panes 10.1 is therefore limited by the inner surface II of the outer pane 2, the outer surface III of the inner pane 3 and the inner surface VII of the spacer 11.

The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 protrude beyond the spacer 11, so that an outer pane space 10.2 is created, which is located between the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 and is delimited by the outer surface VIII of the spacer 11. The outer space between the panes 10.2 is filled with a secondary sealant 14. The secondary sealant 14 is, for example, a silicone. Silicones absorb the forces acting on the edge connection particularly well and thus contribute to the high stability of the pane 1. The secondary sealant 14 is arranged flush with the edges of the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3. The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 consist, for example, of soda-lime glass with a thickness of 3 mm.

Within the frame, which is formed by the spacer 11, a functional layer 6 is attached to the inner surface II of the outer pane 2 by means of an adhesive layer. The electrically conductive coating 5 is applied congruently with the functional layer 6 on the outer surface III of the inner pane 3. The functional layer 6 and the electrically conductive coating 5 can also be attached or applied independently of one another to the entire inner surface II of the outer pane 2 or the entire outer surface III of the inner pane 3. The structure of the functional layer 6 and the electrically conductive coating 5 is, for example, as for 1 and 1a described.

A disc 1 as for 2 and 2a described can be advantageous as insulating glazing in buildings, for example residential buildings. The electrically conductive coating 5 with, for example, IR-reflecting properties can improve thermal comfort within the building. At the same time, the functional layer 6 reduces disturbing color impressions that arise for residents or general observers due to surfaces of the pane 1 and the electrically conductive coating 5 that are wetted with water.

In the 3 and 3a The variant shown essentially corresponds to the variant from the 1 and 1a , so that only the differences are discussed here and otherwise the description of the 1 and 1a is referred. The cross-sectional view of 3a corresponds to the section line CC' of disk 1, as in 3 indicated.

Different than for 1 and 1a described and shown, disk 1 is the 3 and 3a in the form of a roof pane for a motor vehicle, in particular for a passenger car. In an edge area of the pane 1 is as for 1 and 1a described, a frame-shaped black print 9 is applied to the inner surface II of the outer pane 2. The black print 9 is slightly widened along an edge section of the disk 1. The wider edge section is intended to be arranged in the installed position in the front area of a vehicle (i.e. closer to the windshield than to the rear of a vehicle). The “width” is the dimension of the black print 9 perpendicular to the lower edge VI. The functional layer 6 is different than for 1 and 1a not arranged on the inner surface II of the outer pane 2, but on the outer surface III of the inner pane 3. The electrically conductive coating 5 is applied to the inner surface IV of the inner pane 2 and is, for example, a coating based on indium tin oxide (ITO). a thickness of 10 nm.

The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are made of soda lime glass, which can optionally be tinted. The outer pane 2, for example, has a thickness of 2.1 mm, the inner pane 3 has a thickness of 1.6 mm. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 has, for example, a thickness of 0.38 mm and is based on PVB with a plasticizer.

An unaesthetic color impression is particularly noticeable for viewing angles α greater than 40°. In the case of roof panes in motor vehicles, especially passenger cars, the horizontal orientation of the roof pane often results in a significantly larger viewing angle than 40°. In addition, moisture from rain, for example, can drain off less easily than with vertically arranged windows such as vehicle side or rear windows. The avoidance and reduction of these optical defects is particularly clear through the pane 1 according to the invention in the form of a roof pane.

Example of a generic disc

• Innenscheibe 3 - elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung 5 - thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4 - Außenscheibe 2,

bereitgestellt. Die Außenscheibe 2 und die Innenscheibe 3 bestehen aus Kalk-Natron-Glas. Die Außenscheibe 2 weist eine Dicke von 2,1 mm auf, die Innenscheibe 3 eine Dicke von 1,6 mm. Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4 weist eine Dicke von 0,38 mm auf und ist auf Basis von PVB mit einem Weichmacher ausgebildet. Die elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung 5 ist eine silberhaltige Beschichtung mit 3 Silberschichten. Die Gesamtdicke der elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung 5 beträgt 100 nm.To determine the color impression, a generic disc wetted with water was used in the form of a composite disc with the following layer structure:

• Inner pane 3 - electrically conductive coating 5 - thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 - outer pane 2,

provided. The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are made of soda lime glass. The outer pane 2 has a thickness of 2.1 mm, the inner pane 3 has a thickness of 1.6 mm. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 has a thickness of 0.38 mm and is based on PVB with a plasticizer. The electrically conductive coating 5 is a silver-containing coating with 3 silver layers. The total thickness of the electrically conductive coating 5 is 100 nm.

To determine the color impression, a transparent drop of calibration oil was placed on the outer surface I of the outer pane 2. A three-sided isosceles glass prism, which has two identically sized base surfaces and a first, second and third cover surface, was then pressed onto the tropics with the first and largest cover surface. The second and third deck areas are identical in size and smaller than the first deck area. The calibration oil drop behaves optically similarly to soda-lime glass and at the same time improves the adhesion of the glass prism to the glass pane.

Visible light was emitted using a light source. The light enters the second top surface of the glass prism with an angle of incidence close to 0°. The visible light transmits through the glass prism and hits the outer surface I of the outer pane 2 at an angle of incidence α of 45 °. The light then transmits through the outer pane 2 and the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and is reflected on the electrically conductive coating 5. After the visible light is reflected on the electrically conductive coating 5, it transmits again through the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, the outer pane 2 and the glass prism (exit from the third top surface) and is detected and detected by a detector. The detector is equipped with a filter for p-polarized or s-polarized light and, depending on the filter, only detects the s-polarized or p-polarized light reflected by the electrically conductive coating 5. In principle, it would also be possible to equip the light source with a p-polarizing filter or s-polarizing filter in order to polarize the light before it enters the glass prism. In such a case, it is not necessary to equip the detector with a filter for p-polarized or s-polarized light. The color values obtained are given in L*a*b* values of the L*a*b* color space in Table 1. Table 1: LAB color space for visible light, which was reflected at an angle of incidence α of 45° on a disc of the generic type wetted with water. L*a*b* color space s-polarized light p-polarized light L* 34.3 32.8 a* 11.0 23.5 b* -14.2 -10.3

The color values of the measurement give a dark violet color impression for s-polarized light and a reddish-violet color impression for p-polarized light. The water drops stand out clearly in color in front of the actually transparent pane.

Example of the disc according to the invention

• Innenscheibe 3 - elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung 5 - thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4 - funktionelle Schicht 6 - Außenscheibe 2,

bereitgestellt. Der Aufbau der einzelnen Schichten sowie der Aufbau zur Messung und die Messung selbst sind identisch zu dem zuvor beschriebenen Beispiel mit der gattungsgemäßen Scheibe. Die funktionelle Schicht 6 ist eine PET-Folie, die mit einem Copolymerschichtenstapel, welcher auf Basis von PET und PEN ausgebildet ist, beschichtet. Die Dicke der funktionellen Schicht 6 beträgt beispielsweise 0,08 mm. Die erhaltenen Farbwerte für die Messung sind in L*a*b*-Werten des L*a*b*-Farbraums in Tabelle 2 angegeben. Tabelle 2: LAB-Farbraum für sichtbares Licht, welches in einem Einfallswinkel α von 45° an einer mit Wasser benetzten, erfindungsgemäßen Scheibe reflektiert wurde. L*a*b*-Farbraum s-polarisiertes Licht p-polarisiertes Licht L* 57,6 68,1 a* -0,7 1,3 b* -2,2 -0,8 To determine the color impression of the pane 1 according to the invention wetted with water, the following layer structure was used:

• Inner pane 3 - electrically conductive coating 5 - thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 - functional layer 6 - outer pane 2,

provided. The structure of the individual layers as well as the structure for measurement and the measurement itself are identical to the previously described example with the generic disk. The functional layer 6 is a PET film that is coated with a copolymer layer stack based on PET and PEN. The thickness of the functional layer 6 is, for example, 0.08 mm. The color values obtained for the measurement are given in L*a*b* values of the L*a*b* color space in Table 2. Table 2: LAB color space for visible light, which was reflected at an angle of incidence α of 45° on a pane according to the invention wetted with water. L*a*b* color space s-polarized light p-polarized light L* 57.6 68.1 a* -0.7 1.3 b* -2.2 -0.8

The L*a*b* values of the measurement lead to a grayish color impression of the water drop on the pane 1. The grayish color impression is significantly less noticeable in front of the transparent pane 1 than the reddish-violet or dark violet color impressions that occur with a generic pane occur under the same conditions. Since the light's polarization is changed by the functional layer 6 before it is reflected on the electrically conductive coating, changed spectral reflections arise, which lead to an improved color impression (lower a* and b* values). A measure for determining the perceived color difference or the color difference between the pane according to the invention and the generic pane is Delta E. A low Delta E value of 0.0 to 2.0 shows a color difference that is barely perceptible to an observer. At values above 2.0, a color difference is easily noticeable to an observer, and at values above 4.0, a clear difference can be seen. Delta E, calculated from the L*a*b* values for the disk according to the invention and the generic disk, has a value of 28.2 for s-polarized and 42.8 for p-polarized light. The color differences between a generic disc and a disc according to the invention are therefore visually clearly perceptible to a viewer.

Reference symbol list

1

disc

2

Outer pane

3

inner pane

4, 4.1, 4.2

thermoplastic intermediate layer

5

electrically conductive coating

6

functional layer

7

inner space

8th

external environment

9

Black print

10.1, 10.2

space between panes

11

Spacers

12

cavity

13.1, 13.2

sealant

14

secondary sealant

I

Outer surface of the outer pane 2

II

Inner surface of the outer pane 2

III

Outer surface of the inner pane 3

IV

Inner surface of the inner pane 3

v

Top edge of the pane 1

VI

Lower edge of the pane 1

VII

inner surface of the spacer 11

VIII

outer surface of the spacer 11

A-A'

Cutting line of disk 1 1 and 1a

B-B'

Cutting line of disk 1 2 and 2a

C-C'

Cutting line of disk 1 3 and 3a

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 03024155 A2 [0003]
• US 20140087101 A1 [0005]
• WO 2011161110 A1 [0005]
• WO 2005017600 A1 [0008]
• WO 2019201530 A1 [0034]
• WO 2017174333 A1 [0034]
• US 5882774 A [0044]

Non-patent literature cited

• DIN 6174:2007-10 [0020]

Claims (13)

Disc (1), in particular intended to separate an interior (7) from an external environment (8), comprising: - an outer pane (2) and an inner pane (3), the inner pane (3) having an inner surface (IV) facing away from the outer pane (2) and the outer pane (2) having an outer surface (I) facing away from the inner pane (3), - an electrically conductive coating (5) and - a functional layer (6) which has polarization-filtering properties and is arranged between the outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3), wherein the electrically conductive coating (5) is applied to one of the surfaces of the outer pane (2) or the inner pane (3) and the functional layer (6) when viewed through the pane (1) overlaps with the electrically conductive coating (5) is, so that water, which is in overlap with the functional layer (6) and, if the functional layer (6) is arranged between the inner pane (3) and the electrically conductive coating (5), on the inner surface (IV) of the inner pane ( 3) is applied or, if the functional layer (6) is arranged between the outer pane (2) and the electrically conductive coating (5), is applied to the outer surface (I) of the outer pane (2), for a viewer in one Viewing angle α of greater than or equal to 35° is perceived with a color whose a* and b* values of the L*a*b* color space are not greater than the absolute value 5. disc (1). Claim 1 , wherein the outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3) are connected to one another flatly by a thermoplastic intermediate layer (4). disc (1). Claim 2 , wherein the inner pane (3) also has an outer surface (III) facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) and the electrically conductive coating (5) on the inner surface (IV) or the outer surface (III) of the inner pane (3), preferably on the Outer surface (III) of the inner pane (3) is applied. disc (1). Claim 2 or 3 , wherein the functional layer (6) is designed as a film and is arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4). disc (1). Claim 1 , also comprising a peripheral spacer (11) arranged between the outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3) in the edge region of the pane (1) and an inner space between the panes (10.1), which is separated from the spacer (11) and the outer pane (2). and the inner pane (3), the inner pane (3) and the outer pane (2) being connected to the spacer (11) by a sealant (13.1, 13.2). Disc (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 5 , wherein the functional layer (6) is arranged congruently with the electrically conductive coating (5) when viewed through the pane (1). Disc (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 6 , wherein the electrically conductive coating (5) extends over at least 50%, preferably over at least 60%, particularly preferably over at least 80% and in particular over at least 90% of the surface of the pane (1). Disc (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 7 , wherein the functional layer (6) is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) based film which is coated with a copolymer layer stack based on PET and/or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). Disc (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 7 , wherein the functional layer (6) has at least one carrier film based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), triacetylcellulose (TAC) and / or polycarbonate and / or copolymers or mixtures thereof, preferably one based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET ) based carrier film. Disc (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 9 , wherein the electrically conductive coating (5) has at least one silver-containing layer, preferably at least three silver-containing layers and particularly preferably at least four silver-containing layers. Disc (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 9 , wherein the electrically conductive coating (5) has one or more functional layers based on indium tin oxide (ITO). Disc (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 11 , wherein the electrically conductive coating (5) has infrared (IR) and / or ultraviolet (UV) light-reflecting properties. Disc (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 12 , wherein the thickness of the electrically conductive coating (5) is less than 5 µm, preferably less than 3 µm and in particular less than 1 µm.

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