CN115968419A - Glass pane with a functional layer for suppressing colored reflections - Google Patents

Glass pane with a functional layer for suppressing colored reflections Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115968419A
CN115968419A CN202280003723.XA CN202280003723A CN115968419A CN 115968419 A CN115968419 A CN 115968419A CN 202280003723 A CN202280003723 A CN 202280003723A CN 115968419 A CN115968419 A CN 115968419A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
glass pane
functional layer
conductive coating
glass
pane
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN202280003723.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
S·穆拉杰
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of CN115968419A publication Critical patent/CN115968419A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
    • C03C17/23—Oxides
    • C03C17/245—Oxides by deposition from the vapour phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
    • C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
    • B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/28—Multiple coating on one surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/202—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/402—Coloured
    • B32B2307/4023—Coloured on the layer surface, e.g. ink
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/41—Opaque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412—Transparent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/416—Reflective
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/42—Polarizing, birefringent, filtering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/514—Oriented
    • B32B2307/516—Oriented mono-axially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2479/00—Furniture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars

Abstract

The invention relates to a glass pane (1), in particular provided for separating an interior space (7) from an external environment (8), comprising: -an outer glass pane (2) and an inner glass pane (3), wherein the inner glass pane (3) has an inner surface (IV) facing away from the outer glass pane (2), the outer glass pane (2) has an outer surface (I) facing away from the inner glass pane (3), -an electrically conductive coating (5), and-a functional layer (6) having polarization filtering properties and being arranged between the outer glass pane (2) and the inner glass pane (3), wherein the electrically conductive coating (5) is applied to one of the surfaces of the outer glass pane (2) or the inner glass pane (3), and the functional layer (6) overlaps the electrically conductive coating (5) when seen through the glass pane (1) such that it overlaps the functional layer (6) and is applied on the inner surface (IV) of the inner glass pane (3) when the functional layer (6) is arranged between the inner glass pane (3) and the electrically conductive coating (5) or on the outer surface (I) of the outer glass pane (2) when the functional layer (6) is arranged between the outer glass pane (2) and the electrically conductive coating (5) has a perceived color of equal to or less than the absolute value of a when observed for water.

Description

Glass pane with a functional layer for suppressing colored reflections
The invention relates to a glass pane having a functional layer, to a method for the production thereof and to the use thereof.
The glass panes of motor vehicles are usually equipped with electrically conductive structures, by means of which, for example, reflection, heating or antenna functions are realized. In the case of glass panes made of glass, such electrically conductive structures can be printed as a heating or reflecting coating on the surface of the glass pane, for example in the form of a metal-containing paste, and partially fired. Alternatively, such coatings may be applied, for example, by Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) or Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD).
These coatings are usually transparent, electrically conductive coatings, which are formed in particular on the basis of silver. Such conductive coatings can be used as coatings having reflective properties in the infrared range or as heatable coatings. For example, WO 03/024155 A2 discloses a conductive coating having two silver sublayers.
The conductive coating for reflecting light changes the transmission/absorption range of the glass sheet for at least part of the solar spectrum. In particular, high reflection of light in the infrared range is often required. When the glazing is installed as an exterior glazing of a building or a window of a vehicle of the automobile, train, airplane or similar type, it is thereby possible to control the input of sunlight into the room or vehicle interior space/compartment. Thereby preventing excessive temperature rise under intense solar radiation.
However, these coatings, when combined with glass panes, often have the disadvantage of causing reflective coloration at specific viewing angles. US 2014/0087101 A1 discloses coatings on glass plates having multiple layers, wherein one of the layers neutralizes the coloration when light is reflected. This layer is formed on the basis of silicon oxide. WO 2011/161110 A1 discloses glass plates in which the color can be neutralized when light is reflected by an electrically controllable functional element. The functional element changes its state by an electrochemical reaction which can be selectively set by applying a voltage.
Further optical problems may arise when a glass plate provided with a conductive coating is wetted by water, in particular water droplets. In these cases, water or water droplets may have a strong color impression at a particular viewing angle. For example, it appears to an observer as if red drops of water were applied to the glass sheet. This reddish color impression can be attributed to dichroic effects on the conductive layer, which cause polarization, wavelength and angle dependent absorption effects. The resulting color impression represents an optical defect, which is particularly suitable if these glass panes are intended to be used as a see-through glass pane in contact with the external environment or in a humid environment.
A solution to this problem is to reduce the layer thickness of the coating on the glass sheet. For smaller layer thicknesses, the discoloration due to the dichroic effect is less pronounced. However, a disadvantage of this possibility is the radiation reflection effect and the reduction in the specific thermal power of the coating.
WO 2005/017600 A1 discloses a head-up display with a light source and a polarizing filter arranged in the region of the glass panel head-up display illuminated by the light source. The polarizing filter has a reflective property for visible light, wherein the polarizing filter reflects p-polarized light more strongly than s-polarized light.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to reduce optical defects in glass sheets provided with an electrically conductive coating. Optical defects are understood here to mean the color impression caused by water droplets coming into contact with the glass plate.
According to the invention, the object is achieved by a glass pane according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
According to the invention, a glass panel is described, which is provided in particular for separating an interior space from an external environment. The glass sheet includes:
an outer glass pane and an inner glass pane, wherein the inner glass pane has an inner surface facing away from the outer glass pane and the outer glass pane has an outer surface facing away from the inner glass pane,
-an electrically conductive coating, and
-a functional layer.
The functional layer has polarization filtering properties. The conductive coating is applied to one of the surfaces of the outer glass sheet or the inner glass sheet, and the functional layer is disposed between the outer glass sheet and the inner glass sheet. Here, the functional layer is arranged such that it overlaps the electrically conductive coating when viewed through the glass pane. This arrangement results in overlapping with the functional layer and water applied on the inner surface of the inner glass pane when the functional layer is arranged between the inner glass pane and the electrically conductive coating is perceived to the observer as having a color with a and b values of L a b color space not greater than the absolute value 5 at an observation angle α greater than or equal to 35 °. Alternatively, the same applies to the water applied on the outer surface of the outer glass pane when the functional layer is arranged between the outer glass pane and the electrically conductive coating.
The improved colored impression achieved by the glass pane according to the invention occurs at viewing angles of greater than or equal to 35 °. Particularly low values of a and b are preferably achieved for viewing angles α of greater than or equal to 40 °, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 45 °, in particular greater than or equal to 50 °. The viewing angle α is the angle at which the viewer looks towards the outer surface of the outer glass sheet or the inner surface of the inner glass sheet of the glass sheet according to the invention. The viewing angle α is measured based on the normal to the plane of the glass sheet surface, i.e., the axis disposed perpendicular to the plane of the glass sheet surface. A viewing angle a of 0 deg. accordingly represents a perpendicular line of sight to one of the outer surfaces of the glass sheet. The viewing angle a of 90 deg. accordingly represents a horizontal line of sight along one of the outer surfaces of the glass sheet.
When element a overlaps element B, this means that the orthogonal projection of element a onto the plane of element B is disposed entirely within element B, or the orthogonal projection of element B onto the plane of element a is disposed entirely within element a. In other words, overlapping means that element a is completely covered by element B when viewed through the glass panel, or element B is completely covered by element a when viewed through the glass panel. The elements a and B are preferably arranged congruent or substantially congruent to each other.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrically conductive coating completely obscures the functional layer when viewed through the glass sheet. For example, if an electrically conductive coating is applied to the inner glass pane and the functional layer is arranged according to the invention between the inner glass pane and the outer glass pane, then the functional layer is not visible to an observer looking through the glass panes in the direction from the inner glass pane toward the outer glass pane. The functional layer is completely covered by the conductive layer to the viewer. In particular, the functional layer and the electrically conductive coating are arranged congruent to each other when viewed through the glass plate.
The symbols a and b are L a b color space, i.e. the values of the color model describing all perceived colors. L denotes a luminance value, and may have a value of 0 to 100. a denotes the color kind and color intensity between green and red, and b denotes the color kind and color intensity between blue and yellow. The more negative or positive the values of b and a, the more intense the hue. For values where a and b are close to 0, there is a rather achromatic, i.e. neutral, hue. To determine whether a color difference is perceived for the observer, delta E (Δ E) may be used. Delta E is a measure of the distance between two colors and clarifies whether the difference between the two colors is perceptible. It is therefore a relative measure related to the human color perception properties. Delta E is always based on the two colors that should be compared to each other. Delta E is calculated by calculating the Euclidean distances between the values of a, b and L. The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
。
L 1 * 、a 1 * and b 1 * Is the value of La b of the first sample 2 * 、a 2 * And b 2 * Is the L a b value of the second sample. L a b color space and its meaning are known to the person skilled in the art.
The absolute value is the distance of a real number from 0. This means that, for example, the absolute value of-5 is 5, and the absolute value of 5 is also 5.
Common measurement methods for determining a, b and L values of the color space (CIELAB) are well known to those skilled in the art. Common measurement devices for the determination are for example the Minolta CM508d spectrometer from Konica Minolta Sensing Europe b.v. or the Tec5 spectrometer from Tec5 AG. In order to determine the values a, b and L of the color space L a b, first, measurement conditions need to be specified. For example, the light type (D50, D65, a or others, see DIN 5033-7. The term "standard observer" is understood to mean the average vision of a population with normal vision in colour at different field sizes (DIN 5033-7. To achieve a uniform evaluation, the commission internationale de l' eclairage (CIE) specifies a spectral evaluation function. The evaluation function describes how a standard observer perceives the color. The evaluation is based on experimentally determined sensitivity curves of long-, medium-and short-wave cone cells of the human eye (see also DIN 5033-1.
For example, for measuring a water droplet on a sample, i.e., a glass plate according to the present invention, it may be irradiated at a predetermined angle according to the specification of the measurement condition. The detector of the measuring device records the light reflected by the sample. The spectral intensity of the reflected light in the wavelength range of 360 nm to 830 nm is obtained. The resulting spectra were then integrated only in the region coinciding with one of the sensitivity curves for the long, medium and short wavelength cones. The integral of the long, medium and short wavelength light components is thus formed and then mathematically transformed to values a, b and L of the color space according to DIN 6174. It is understood that for determining the values a, b and L according to the invention, the detector records the reflected light at the observation angle α according to the invention with respect to the glass plate. Between the detector and the sample, i.e. in the beam path of the reflected light, a linear polarizing filter may be arranged. The angle at which the sample is illuminated may be from 0 ° to 90 °, preferably from 0 ° to 80 °, relative to the surface of the glass sheet (measured on the basis of the normal to the plane of the surface of the glass sheet).
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, 10 ° observers are used for evaluation to determine a, b and L values according to the invention. Standard light D65 (average daylight of about 6500 kelvin) is preferably used. The measurement mode is preferably reflection in a plan view and the glass plate is irradiated with diffused light. The detector is preferably provided with a linear polarizing filter.
The term "external environment" refers to the environment adjacent to the glass sheet that is temporarily or permanently exposed to the weather effects. Thus, the external environment is not complete and preferably not protected at all from rain or solar radiation. The term "interior space" refers to the environment adjacent the glass sheet that is protected from the outside weather. The interior space is thus, for example, a vehicle interior space or a building interior space.
The inner glass sheet refers to a single transparent substrate of the glass sheet that is disposed adjacent to the interior space. Accordingly, the outer glass sheet refers to a single transparent substrate of the glass sheet that is disposed adjacent to the external environment. The outer glass pane has an outer surface facing away from the inner glass pane and an inner surface facing the inner glass pane. The inner glass sheet has an outer surface facing the outer glass sheet and an inner surface facing away from the outer glass sheet. The outer surface of the outer glass sheet and the inner surface of the inner glass sheet are the outer surfaces of the glass sheets according to the invention. Accordingly, the inner surface of the outer glass sheet and the outer surface of the inner glass sheet are the inner surfaces of the glass sheets according to the invention. The outer glass sheet is the part of the glass sheet according to the invention that is arranged adjacent to the external environment through the outer surface. It will be understood that the inner glass sheet is accordingly the part of the glass sheet according to the invention which is arranged adjacent to the inner space via the inner surface.
The functional layer is arranged in superimposition with the electrically conductive coating when viewed through the glass pane. Due to this arrangement, a lower color impression of the water, i.e. lower values of a and b, occurs when water-containing rain water optionally adheres to the inner or outer glass pane. The functional layer filters the light reflected at the electrically conductive coating, so that a slightly grayish blue impression (low values of a and b, preferably below 5 absolute) is produced in terms of color for the observer. Instead of, for example, a strong red, yellow, green or blue coloration (and mixtures thereof), water applied on the outer or inner glass plate has a weaker intensity and is hardly visually noticeable to the observer. Technical advantages can only be achieved for the outer glass plate or the inner glass plate, respectively. In order to neutralize water droplets or films (i.e. low values of a and b) on the outer surface of the colored outer glass plate due to the dichroic effect, a functional layer has to be arranged between the outer glass plate and the electrically conductive coating. If the coloured effects on the inner surface of the inner glass pane should be neutralized, a functional layer must be arranged between the electrically conductive coating and the inner glass pane. This also implicitly describes that no further electrically conductive coating can be arranged between the water droplet and the functional layer when looking directly through the glass plate. The further electrically conductive coating optionally present between the water droplets and the functional layer thus does not overlap with said functional layer. However, this does not mean that one or more further electrically conductive coatings, which are arranged in the region of the glass plates which do not overlap the functional layer, cannot be applied to the inner glass plate and the outer glass plate, respectively.
In a preferred embodiment, no further conductive coating is applied on the outer glass sheet when the conductive coating according to the invention is applied on the inner glass sheet. It is also applicable that when the conductive coating according to the invention is applied to the outer glass sheet, no further conductive coating is applied to the inner glass sheet. In particular, no further electrically conductive coating is arranged between the water droplets, which according to the invention have been neutralized in color, and the functional layer when viewed through the glass pane.
Water applied to the glass sheets is understood to mean, for example, rain water, condensation water, dew water and various other liquids, which consist of at least more than 50%, preferably at least more than 90%, in particular 100%, water. The effect of the invention is particularly advantageous when the water is applied to the glass plate in the form of droplets or a film.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the outer glass pane and the inner glass pane are bonded to one another in planar fashion by means of a thermoplastic interlayer. This means that: a thermoplastic interlayer is disposed between the outer glass sheet and the inner glass sheet. Such a glass pane is advantageously used as a vehicle glass pane, preferably a windscreen pane or a roof pane. Alternatively, such glass panes are also suitable as insulating glazing or as components of insulating glazing in the building sector.
If the functional layer is "arranged between the outer glass pane and the inner glass pane", this means within the meaning of the invention that the functional layer can be arranged in the thermoplastic intermediate layer, on the inner surface of the outer glass pane or on the outer surface of the inner glass pane. The functional layer may also be arranged or applied on the electrically conductive coating. The functional layer can also be applied to the inner surface of the outer glass pane or to the outer surface of the inner glass pane. The arrangement of the functional layer in the thermoplastic intermediate layer is particularly preferred, since it can also be arranged cost-effectively after the application of the electrically conductive coating.
In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the glass pane also comprises a peripheral spacer arranged between the outer glass pane and the inner glass pane in the edge region of the glass pane and a glass pane gap bounded by the inner surface of the spacer and the outer glass pane and the inner glass pane. The inner glass plate and the outer glass plate are joined to the spacer by a sealant. This means that a sealant is arranged between the side wall of the spacer and the inner glass pane and between the other side wall and the outer glass pane. The inner and outer glass plates are arranged in parallel, preferably congruent. The edges of the outer and inner glass panes are therefore arranged flush in the edge region, i.e. they are at the same height. Such glass sheets are particularly suitable for use as insulating glazing in buildings. Glass sheets with functional properties also play an important role in the building field. The electrically conductive coating is used, for example, for thermal insulation, i.e. reflection of IR and/or UV radiation. The resulting optical defects associated with rain adhering to the glass sheet can be eliminated or at least reduced by the variants described herein.
The sealant preferably contains polyisobutylene. The polyisobutylene can be a crosslinked or non-crosslinked polyisobutylene.
The outer pane gap is preferably at least partially filled with a second sealant. The outer glass sheet gap is defined as the space bounded by the outer surfaces of the first glass sheet, the second glass sheet, and the spacer. The second sealant contributes to the mechanical stability of the glass sheets and absorbs part of the weather load acting on the edge bonds of the glass sheets.
The inner surface of the spacer refers to the surface closer to the midpoint of the glass sheet, with the outer surface of the spacer disposed further from the midpoint. One sidewall is a surface that is disposed to the left of and perpendicular to the inner and outer surfaces of the spacer. The other side wall is a surface that is arranged on the right side of and perpendicular to the inner and outer surfaces of the spacer. If the spacers are arranged in the form of a frame circumferentially along the edge regions of the glass panes, this means that the inner surface of the spacers is at the same time the inner surface of the frame. It will be understood that in this case, the outer surface of the spacer is also the outer side surface of the frame.
The second sealant preferably comprises a polymer or silane-modified polymer, particularly preferably an organic polysulfide, silicone, room temperature cross-linked (RTV) silicone rubber, peroxide cross-linked silicone rubber and/or addition cross-linked silicone rubber, polyurethane and/or butyl rubber. The sealant has a particularly good stabilizing effect.
The glass sheet interspace is preferably filled with an inert gas, particularly preferably with a noble gas, preferably argon or krypton, which reduces the heat transfer value in the inner glass sheet interspace.
The spacer is preferably hollow and comprises a hollow profile. The hollow profile is preferably constructed on the basis of one or more metals, alloys or polymers or mixtures thereof. Suitable spacers as may also be used in the present invention are for example known from the publications WO 2019201530 A1 and WO 2017174333 A1. These spacers have particularly good temperature properties, so that the spacers cause only little or no expansion or contraction in the case of significant heating or cooling. Alternatively, the spacer may also be solid, i.e. not hollow inside. The solid spacers are preferably formed based on polyurethane or polyacrylate.
In order to prevent and/or reduce moisture penetration into the glass pane gap and the spacer, a desiccant is preferably contained in the spacer. For example, the desiccant may be embedded in the hollow profile of the spacer or added to the material of the spacer during its manufacture. Typically used desiccants for such purposes are known to those skilled in the art. Such a drying agent is preferably a molecular sieve.
In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrically conductive coating is applied to the inner or outer surface of the inner glass pane, preferably to the outer surface of the inner glass pane. By this arrangement, the following preferred layer stacks can be achieved in particular:
conductive coating/inner glass pane/thermoplastic interlayer/functional layer/outer glass pane
Conductive coating/inner glass pane/functional layer/thermoplastic interlayer/outer glass pane
Functional layer in conductive coating/inner glass pane/thermoplastic interlayer/outer glass pane
Inner glass pane/conductive coating/thermoplastic interlayer/functional layer/outer glass pane
Inner glass pane/conductive coating/functional layer in thermoplastic interlayer/outer glass pane
Inner glass pane/conductive coating/functional layer/thermoplastic interlayer/outer glass pane
Conductive coating/inner glass pane/glass pane gap and spacer/functional layer/outer glass pane
Conductive coating/inner glass pane/functional layer/glass pane gap and spacer/outer glass pane
Inner glass pane/conductive coating/glass pane gap and spacer/functional layer/outer glass pane
Inner glass pane/conductive coating/functional layer/glass pane gap and spacer/outer glass pane.
By applying a conductive coating to the inner glass pane, the color impression of water located on the outer surface of the outer glass pane is neutralized and reduced. The outer glass pane is significantly more likely to be affected by water located on the outer surface due to weather-related rain or other external factors. For this reason, an unaesthetic color impression on the outer glass pane is preferably avoided. However, the electrically conductive coating can also be applied to the inner or outer surface of the inner glass pane, whereby an unaesthetic color impression on the inner glass pane can be avoided. This is particularly suitable for glass panes adjacent to an interior space with high air humidity, as is common, for example, in swimming pools or greenhouses.
The conductive coating is preferably applied to the inner surface of the outer glass sheet or the outer surface of the inner glass sheet. This has the advantage of better protection of the conductive coating from external influences. At this point, the conductive coating is better protected from mechanical wear and corrosion.
In a further particular embodiment of the invention, the functional layer is designed as a film and is arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer. This means that the functional layer is arranged between two thermoplastic layers before lamination, which form a thermoplastic intermediate layer after lamination. Alternatively, the functional layer may be embedded in the at least one thermoplastic layer by pressure and heat, preferably during lamination to form the glass pane according to the invention. The arrangement of the functional layers in the thermoplastic intermediate layer leads to a fixation of the layers. Furthermore, it has been shown that the arrangement within the thermoplastic intermediate layer improves the color neutralization.
However, the functional layer can also be applied as a film or coating directly onto the outer glass pane, the inner glass pane or the electrically conductive coating. In these cases, the fixing of the functional layer as a film can be effected by pressing the functional layer into the thermoplastic intermediate layer (preferably during lamination) or by an adhesive layer applied to at least one side of the functional layer.
The functional layer is preferably arranged congruent with the electrically conductive coating when viewed through the glass pane. Thereby ensuring that the discoloration is completely neutralized. However, the functional layer may also only partially overlap the electrically conductive coating. The functional layer preferably extends over the entire surface of the glass pane.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrically conductive layer extends over at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 60%, very particularly preferably at least 80%, in particular at least 90%, of the surface of the glass pane. By coating the glass plate as completely as possible, a uniform and effective protection of the radiation, for example infrared radiation and ultraviolet radiation, is achieved.
For the functional layer, common linearly polarizing filters can be used, for example thin-layer polarizers, filters with linear dichroic materials such as anisotropic polymer layers, deformed metal nanoparticles, or metal polarizers.
The functional layer of the glass pane according to the invention is preferably designed in the form of a polymer retardation plate. Both L/2 and L/4 retardation plates are commercially available in the form of birefringent plastic films. The polymer component is very well adapted to the possible three-dimensional bending of the glass plate and can be integrated into the glass plate in an easy manner and form. The functional layer is preferably designed in the form of a carrier film with a polarizing active polymer layer. The polymer layer may be secured to the carrier film, for example, by a tackifier film, such as an adhesive. The carrier film serves to ensure the mechanical stability of the functional layer and to simplify the handling of the polarizedly active polymer layer during the production process.
In a very particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the functional layer is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) -based film which is coated with a stack of copolymer layers based on PET and/or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). Suitable functional membranes with polarization filtering properties are described, for example, in US 5882774A.
The functional layer preferably comprises at least one carrier film based on PET, polyethylene (PE), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), triacetyl cellulose (TAC) and/or polycarbonate and/or copolymers or mixtures thereof, particularly preferably a carrier film based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET). These materials are used as carrier film materials for commercially available functional films and have proven advantageous.
If the functional layer is designed as a film, it preferably has a thickness of 10 μm to 200 μm, particularly preferably 30 μm to 100 μm, in particular 40 μm to 70 μm.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the functional layer is designed as a microstructured and/or nanostructured coating which, due to its structuring, has polarization-filtering properties. The functional layer in this form preferably has a layer thickness of 10nm to 100nm. The coating may be applied to the inner surface of the outer glass sheet or the outer surface of the inner glass sheet by physical or chemical vapor deposition. The necessary microstructuring and/or nanostructuring of the coating is then preferably produced by laser treatment of the coating.
Alternatively, the functional layer is a film and the microstructured and/or nanostructured layers are applied to the film by means of a roller. Here, the roller comprises at least one roller with micro-and/or nano-profiles. By rolling the roller, nano-and/or micro-structuring is applied to the functional layer. The profile of the roller thus leaves the desired microstructuring and/or nanostructuring on the functional layer, thereby forming polarization-filtering properties in the functional layer.
Methods for coating and structuring functional layers are known to the person skilled in the art.
The functional layer and/or the electrically conductive coating are preferably at least 20%, particularly preferably at least 30%, very particularly preferably at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, transparent.
The conductive coating is preferably an IR-reflective and/or absorbing coating, a UV-reflective and/or absorbing coating, a color-imparting coating, a coating with low emissivity (so-called low-emissivity coating), a heatable coating, a coating with antenna function, a coating with debris binding action (debris-binding coating) and/or a coating for shielding electromagnetic radiation, for example radar radiation. In a very particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the conductive coating has Infrared (IR) and/or ultraviolet light reflecting properties. The color-neutralizing effect is present in particular in coatings which reflect IR or UV radiation. Reflection of UV radiation means here a particularly high reflection of UVA and UVB radiation according to ISO 13837. The IR range lies in the wavelength range of 780 nm to 1400 nm.
The conductive coating typically comprises one or more, for example two, three or four, conductive functional layers. These layers preferably comprise at least one metal, such as silver, gold, copper, nickel and/or chromium or a metal alloy. These layers particularly preferably contain at least 90% by weight of metal, in particular at least 99.9% by weight of metal. These layers may be composed of metals or metal alloys. The thickness of the layer is preferably from 5nm to 50nm, particularly preferably from 8nm to 25nm. In the thickness range of the functional layer, an advantageously high transmission in the visible spectral range and a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity are achieved. Preferably, at least one dielectric layer is arranged between two adjacent functional layers of the coating. A further dielectric layer is preferably arranged below the first functional layer and/or above the last functional layer. The dielectric layer comprises at least one single layer made of a dielectric material, for example comprising a nitride such as silicon nitride or an oxide such as aluminum oxide. However, the dielectric layer may also comprise a plurality of monolayers, such as a monolayer of dielectric material, a smoothing layer, a matching layer, a barrier layer, and/or an anti-reflective layer. The thickness of the dielectric layer is, for example, 10nm to 200nm.
In a further advantageous embodiment of the glass pane, the electrically conductive coating comprises at least one silver layer or a plurality of silver layers, preferably at least three silver-containing layers, particularly preferably at least four silver-containing layers. Such silver layers have a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity and at the same time a high transmission in the visible spectral range. The thickness of the silver layer is preferably from 5nm to 50nm, particularly preferably from 8nm to 25nm. In the stated thickness range of the silver layer, an advantageously high transmission in the visible spectral range and a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity are achieved.
This layer structure is generally obtained by a series of deposition operations carried out by vacuum methods, such as magnetic field assisted cathode sputtering.
Other suitable conductive coatings preferably comprise Transparent Conductive Oxides (TCO), particularly preferably Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO) 2 F) or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO: al). The functional layer preferably has a layer thickness of 8nm to 25nm, particularly preferably 13nm to 19 nm. This is particularly advantageous with respect to transparency, color neutrality and sheet resistance of the conductive coating.
In one advantageous embodiment, the electrically conductive coating is a layer structure of one or more monolayers having a total thickness of less than or equal to 5 μm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 2 μm, very particularly preferably less than or equal to 1 μm, in particular less than or equal to 500 nm.
The UV reflective conductive coating comprises titanium oxide (TiO) x ) Especially TiO 2 Or preferably consist of, preferably have a thickness of from 1nm to 100nm, particularly preferably from 5nm to 50nm, in particular from 10nm to 30 nm.
The conductive coating can also be used to heat the glass sheet, regardless of the IR reflecting effect of the conductive coating. For this purpose, preferably at least two external busbars which are provided for connection to a voltage source are connected to the electrically conductive coating, so that a current path for the heating current is formed between the busbars. By heating the glass sheets by means of an electrically conductive coating, more energy-intensive and cost-intensive heating variants, such as heating by the HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) method, which are commonly used for windshields of vehicles, can be avoided.
The thermoplastic interlayer comprises at least one thermoplastic, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and/or Polyurethane (PU) or copolymers or derivatives thereof, optionally in combination with or consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, the thermoplastic interlayer may also be, for example, polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resins, casting resins, acrylates, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, or copolymers or mixtures thereof.
The thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably formed from at least one thermoplastic film. Thus, the thermoplastic intermediate layer may be formed from a single film or from more than one film. The thermoplastic intermediate layer may be formed from one or more thermoplastic films on top of each other, wherein the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer after lamination of the stack of layers is preferably 0.25mm to 1mm, typically 0.38mm or 0.76mm.
The thermoplastic interlayer comprises additives known to the person skilled in the art, such as plasticizers. The thermoplastic film preferably comprises at least one plasticizer. Plasticizers are compounds that make plastics softer, more flexible, softer, and/or more elastic. They shift the thermoelastic range of plastics to lower temperatures, so that the plastics have the desired more elastic properties in the temperature range of use. Preferred plasticizers are carboxylic acid esters, especially low volatile carboxylic acid esters, fats, oils, soft resins and camphor.
The thermoplastic film may also be a functional thermoplastic film, in particular a film having acoustic damping properties, a film reflecting infrared radiation, a film absorbing infrared radiation and/or a film absorbing UV radiation. For example, the thermoplastic film may also be a band filter that blocks a narrow band of visible light.
The inner glass pane and/or the outer glass pane comprise or preferably consist of glass, particularly preferably curved glass, flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass or clear plastic, preferably rigid clear plastic, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof.
The inner glass pane and/or the outer glass pane may have other suitable coatings known per se, for example an anti-reflection coating, a non-stick coating, a scratch-resistant coating, a photocatalytic coating or a sun-protective coating or a low-emissivity coating.
The thickness of the individual glass sheets (inner glass sheet and/or outer glass sheet) can vary widely and be adapted to the requirements of the respective case. Preference is given to using glass plates having a standard thickness of from 0.5mm to 50mm, preferably from 1.0mm to 16mm, in particular from 0.5 to 5mm. The size of the glass sheet can vary widely and depends on the application.
The inner and/or outer glass pane may have a black print locally on the outer and/or inner surface. The black print preferably comprises at least one pigment and a glass frit. It may contain other compounds. The frit may partially or initially melt, whereby the black print permanently bonds (fuses or sinters) to the glass surface. The pigment ensures the opacity of the black print. The printing inks forming the black print comprise at least pigments and glass frits suspended in a liquid phase (solvent), e.g. water or an organic solvent such as alcohol. The pigments are generally black pigments, such as pigment carbon black (carbon black), aniline black, bone black, iron oxide black, spinel black and/or graphite. The black print is preferably designed in the form of a frame and is used primarily as UV protection for assembly adhesives, for example for windshield panes. The frame-like black print can increase significantly in the sensor area towards the center of the glass plate.
The glass pane is transparent in a see-through region which preferably extends over at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 80%, in particular at least 90%, of the surface of the glass pane. In the sense of the present invention, "transparent" means that the total transmission of the glass sheets complies with the legal requirements for building or vehicle glass sheets and preferably has a transmission of more than 30%, in particular more than 60%, for example more than 70%, for visible light (according to ISO 9050 (2003-08) for vehicle glass sheets). Accordingly, "opaque" means a light transmission of less than 15%, preferably less than 10%, particularly preferably less than 5%, in particular 0%. The visible spectral range and visible light are the range and light rays, respectively, lying in the wavelength range of 400nm to 800 nm.
The glass sheet may have any three-dimensional shape. The glass plate and the optional second glass plate preferably do not have a shadow region so that the coating can be carried out, for example, by cathode sputtering. Preferably, the glass plate and optionally the second glass plate are flat or slightly or strongly curved in one or more directions in space.
Preferably, no image display means is directed to the area of the glass plate having the functional layer. It should be understood that preferably also no image is projected from the image display device onto the area of the glass plate with the functional layer. Thus, the glass plate is preferably not an integral part of the projection device. The projection device refers to, for example, a head-up display in which an image is projected onto a vehicle glass panel and the projected image is reflected from the vehicle glass panel to a vehicle interior space. The image display device refers to a device including, for example, a Liquid Crystal (LCD) display, a Thin Film Transistor (TFT) display, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) display, an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display, an Electroluminescence (EL) display, and the like as an image source.
In principle, various geometric shapes of the glass plate are possible, such as rectangular, trapezoidal and rounded shapes. In order to produce a circular geometry, the spacers, which are optionally arranged, can be bent, for example in the heated state.
Furthermore, the invention extends to a vehicle glazing panel comprising a glazing panel according to the invention.
The invention also extends to a vehicle equipped with a vehicle glazing according to the invention, wherein preferably no image display device is directed towards the vehicle glazing and images from the image display device are not reflected by the vehicle glazing according to the invention into the vehicle interior space. If the vehicle comprises a projection device, the vehicle glazing according to the invention is preferably not an integral part of the projection device.
The invention also extends to a method of manufacturing a glass sheet according to the invention. The method comprises the following steps in the order shown:
a) Providing an outer glass pane, an inner glass pane and a functional layer having polarization-filtering properties,
b) A conductive coating is applied to one of the surfaces of the outer or inner glass sheets,
c) The outer glass pane, the inner glass pane and the functional layer are arranged such that the functional layer is arranged between the outer glass pane and the inner glass pane and the functional layer overlaps the electrically conductive coating when viewed through the glass pane.
The invention furthermore extends to the use of the glass pane according to the invention in an amphibious air vehicle, in particular in a motor vehicle, for example as a windscreen pane, rear glass pane, side glass pane and/or glass roof, preferably as a windscreen pane or as a functional and/or decorative individual part, as well as a mounting in furniture, instruments and buildings.
The invention is explained in more detail below using examples, wherein reference is made to the appended figures. They show in a simplified diagram out of scale:
FIG. 1 is a top view of one embodiment of a glass sheet according to the present invention as a composite glass sheet,
figure 1a cross-sectional view of the glass sheet of figure 1,
figure 2 is a top view of another embodiment of a glass sheet according to the invention having spacers,
figure 2a is a cross-sectional view of the edge region of the glass sheet of figure 2,
FIG. 3 is a top view of another embodiment of a glass sheet according to the present invention as a composite glass sheet, and
FIG. 3a is a cross-sectional view of the glass sheet of FIG. 3.
Figure 1 shows a top view of one embodiment of a glass sheet 1 according to the invention. Fig. 1a shows a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of fig. 1. The cross-sectional view of FIG. 1base:Sub>A corresponds to the cutting line A-A' of the glass sheet 1 as shown in FIG. 1.
The glass pane 1 comprises an outer glass pane 2 and an inner glass pane 3 and an inner thermoplastic interlayer 4, 4.1, 4.2 arranged between the outer glass pane 2 and the inner glass pane 3. The glass pane 1 is thus designed as a composite glass pane. The glass panel 1 is for example provided for installation into a vehicle and separates the vehicle interior space 7 from the external environment 8. The glass panel 1 is, for example, a windshield panel of an automobile.
The outer glass pane 2 and the inner glass pane 3 are each composed of glass, preferably thermally prestressed soda-lime glass, and are transparent to visible light. The thickness of the outer glass plate 2 is, for example, 2.1mm, and the thickness of the inner glass plate 3 is, for example, 1.5mm.
The outer surface I of the outer glass pane 2 faces away from the thermoplastic interlayer 4 and faces the external environment 8. The outer surface I of the outer glass pane 2 is at the same time the outer surface of the glass pane 1. The inner surface II of the outer glass pane 2 and the outer surface III of the inner glass pane 3 each face the intermediate layer 4. The inner surface IV of the inner glass pane 3 faces away from the thermoplastic interlayer 4 and faces the inner space 7. The inner surface IV of the inner glass pane 3 is at the same time the inner surface of the glass pane 1.
It should be understood that the glass sheet 1 may have any of a variety of suitable geometries and/or curvatures. As the glass plate 1, it generally has a convex curvature. The glass panel 1 also has an upper edge V which is located at the upper side in the mounted position and a lower edge VI which is located at the lower side in the mounted position and side edges which are located at the left and right sides.
In the edge region of the glass pane 1, a frame-like, circumferential black print 9 is applied to the inner surface II of the outer glass pane 2. The black print 9 is opaque and prevents a view to structures arranged on the inside of the glass pane 1, such as adhesive strips for gluing the glass pane 1 into a vehicle body. The black print 9 consists of non-conductive material normally used for black prints, for example a fired black pigmented screen printing ink. The black print 9 is slightly widened along the lower edge VI compared to the upper edge V. The dimension of the black print 9 perpendicular to the lower edge VI of the glass plate 1 is called "width".
The thermoplastic intermediate layers 4.1, 4.2 are, for example, based on two thermoplastic films, preferably of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and/or Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) and have a thickness of 0.5 mm. The thermoplastic interlayer 4 is arranged congruent with the inner glass pane 3 and the outer glass pane 2.
The functional layer 6 is embedded in the thermoplastic intermediate layers 4, 4.1, 4.2, congruent to the surface of the glass pane 1. The functional layer 6 is arranged between the first film 4.1 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the second film 4.2 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer. The functional layer 6 is, for example, a PET film. The PET film is for example coated with a stack of copolymer layers formed on the basis of PET and PEN. The thickness of the functional layer 6 is, for example, 0.08mm. The functional layer 6 has polarization filtering properties.
A conductive coating 5 is applied on the outer surface III of the inner glass plate 3. The conductive coating 5 extends over the entire surface of the glass plate 1, except for a thin edge region, for example, having a width of 1 cm. The uncoated edge regions extend in frame form along the peripheral edges (upper and lower edges V, VI and side edges) of the glass pane 1. The edge region is preferably free of the conductive coating 5 to electrically insulate the vehicle body from the glazing panel 1 when the glazing panel 1 is installed in a vehicle. The conductive coating 5 is for example a silver-containing coating with 3 silver layers. The total thickness of the conductive coating 5 is, for example, 100nm. The conductive coating 5 is transparent and has, for example, IR-reflecting properties.
Unlike what is shown here, the conductive coating 5 can also be connected to two busbars. For this purpose, the bus bar is electrically and materially connected to the electrically conductive coating 5 along the edge region of the coating 5 close to the upper edge V of the glass pane 1. For this purpose, the second busbar is electrically and materially connected to the electrically conductive coating 5 along the edge region of the coating 5 close to the lower edge VI of the glass pane 1. With this arrangement, a current path is formed through the conductive coating 5. When a voltage is applied to the busbar, a heating current can be formed by the conductive coating 5. By means of this heating current, the glass panel 1 can be kept free from fogging and icing, for example.
In a glass pane of the general type which is of the same construction as the glass pane 1 described here (except that no functional layer 6 is arranged between the outer glass pane 2 and the electrically conductive coating 5), an unpleasant color impression occurs when the outer surface I of the outer glass pane 2 is wetted with water. For example, the aqueous droplets on the outer glass plate 2 exhibit a particularly intense red, blue, violet, yellow or green color at an observation angle (shown by α in fig. 1A, 2A and 3A) of, for example, more than 40 ° relative to an axis arranged perpendicular to the surface plane of the glass plate 1. Other colors and color mixtures are also possible. These visibly colored droplets have an unaesthetic effect on the viewer and are disadvantageously noticeable. The arrangement of the functional layer 6 between the outer glass pane 2 and the electrically conductive coating 5 results in a color neutral effect of the droplets on the outer surface 1 of the outer glass pane 2. The droplets appear slightly grayish and/or slightly bluish compared to the otherwise transparent, colorless glass plate 1. A slightly more intense grayish/bluish color is less aesthetically objectionable than the more intense color impression that occurs with typical types of glass sheets.
Fig. 2 shows a top view of another embodiment of a glass pane 1 according to the invention. Fig. 2a shows a cross-sectional view of the edge region of the embodiment of fig. 2. The cross-sectional view of fig. 2a corresponds to the cutting line B-B' of the glass sheet 1 as shown in fig. 2.
The glass panel 1 is designed in the form of an insulating glazing. The glass pane 1 comprises an outer glass pane 2 arranged congruent with an inner glass pane 3. In the edge region of the glass pane 1, a spacer 11 with a cavity 12 is arranged between the outer glass pane 2 and the inner glass pane 3. The edge region of the glass pane 1 is the region which is spatially close to the surrounding edge of the glass pane 1, for example the upper edge, the lower edge and/or the side edges V, VI of the glass pane 1. The edge region of the glass plate 1 preferably has a width of about 10 cm. "width" is understood to mean the dimension of the edge region perpendicular to the encircling edge of the glass pane 1. The spacers 11 are arranged, for example, in the form of a frame, circumferentially in the edge region of the glass pane 1. The outer glass pane 2 and the inner glass pane 3 project slightly beyond the spacer 11 here. For example, the spacer 11 consists essentially of polypropylene. The cavities 12 of the spacer 11 may be filled with a desiccant, e.g. a molecular sieve, to protect the glass plate 1 from moisture (not shown).
The outer glass pane 2 and the inner glass pane 3 have an outer surface I, III, respectively, facing the external environment 8, and an inner surface II, IV, respectively, facing the interior space 7. The sealant 13.1 joins the outer glass pane 2 with the left side surface of the spacer 11, wherein the sealant 13.1 is applied to the inner surface II of the outer glass pane 2. The inner glass pane 3 is joined to the right-hand side surface of the spacer 11 by means of a sealant 13.2, wherein the sealant 13.2 is applied to the outer surface III of the inner glass pane 3. The sealants 13.1, 13.2 contain, for example, crosslinked polyisobutene. The spacer 11 has an inner surface VII and an outer surface VIII, which are arranged orthogonally to the inner surface II of the outer glass pane 2. The inner surface VII of the spacer 11 is here the surface of the spacer 11 facing the inner pane gap 10.1. The outer surface VIII of the spacer 11 is here the surface of the spacer 11 facing away from the inner pane gap 10.1. The inner pane gap 10.1 is thus delimited by the inner surface II of the outer pane 2, the outer surface III of the inner pane 3 and the inner surface VII of the spacer 11.
The outer glass pane 2 and the inner glass pane 3 protrude beyond the spacer 11 so that an outer pane gap 10.2 is formed, which is located between the outer glass pane 2 and the inner glass pane 3 and is delimited by the outer surface VIII of the spacer 11. The outer pane gap 10.2 is filled with a second sealant 14. The second sealant 14 is, for example, silicone. The silicone absorbs particularly well the forces acting on the edge bonds and thus contributes to a high stability of the glass pane 1. The second sealant 14 is arranged flush with the edges of the outer glass plate 2 and the inner glass plate 3. The outer glass plate 2 and the inner glass plate 3 consist for example of soda-lime glass with a thickness of 3 mm.
Within the frame formed by the spacer 11, the functional layer 6 is attached to the inner surface II of the outer glass pane 2 by means of an adhesive layer. The conductive coating 5 is applied congruent with the functional layer 6 on the outer surface III of the inner glass pane 3. The functional layer 6 and the electrically conductive coating 5 can also be attached or applied independently of each other on the entire inner surface II of the outer glass pane 2 or on the entire outer surface III of the inner glass pane 3. The structure of the functional layer 6 and the conductive coating 5 is for example as described in fig. 1 and 1 a.
The glazing panel 1 as described with respect to figures 2 and 2a may advantageously be used as an insulating glazing in a building, for example a residential building. The conductive coating 5 having, for example, IR reflecting properties may improve thermal comfort within a building. At the same time, however, the functional layer 6 reduces the disturbing color impression caused by the water-wetted surfaces of the glass pane 1 and the electrically conductive coating 5 to the occupants or the average observer.
The variants shown in fig. 3 and 3a substantially correspond to the variants of fig. 1 and 1a, so that only the differences will be discussed here, otherwise reference is made to the description of fig. 1 and 1 a. The cross-sectional view of fig. 3a corresponds to the cutting line C-C' of the glass plate 1 as shown in fig. 3.
In contrast to what has been described and illustrated with respect to fig. 1 and 1a, the glass pane 1 of fig. 3 and 3a is designed in the form of a roof pane for a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger motor vehicle. In the edge region of the glass pane 1, a black print 9 is applied in the form of a frame around the inner surface II of the outer glass pane 2, as described for fig. 1 and 2. The black print 9 widens slightly along the edge section of the glass plate 1. The wider edge section is arranged in the mounting position in a front region of the vehicle (i.e. closer to the windscreen panel than to the rear of the vehicle). The dimension of the black print 9 perpendicular to the lower edge VI is referred to as "width". In contrast to fig. 1 and 1a, the functional layer 6 is not arranged on the inner surface II of the outer glass pane 2, but on the outer surface III of the inner glass pane 3. A conductive coating 5, for example an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) based coating with a thickness of 10nm, is applied on the inner surface IV of the inner glass plate 2.
The outer glass pane 2 and the inner glass pane 3 consist of soda lime glass, which may optionally be tinted. The thickness of the outer glass plate 2 is, for example, 2.1mm and the thickness of the inner glass plate 3 is 1.6mm. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 has a thickness of, for example, 0.38mm and is formed on the basis of PVB with a plasticizer.
For viewing angles α of more than 40 °, the unaesthetic color impression is particularly noticeable. In the case of roof panes for motor vehicles, in particular passenger motor vehicles, a viewing angle of significantly more than 40 ° usually results due to the horizontal orientation of the roof pane. Furthermore, moisture due to rain, for example, can only flow away less well than vertically arranged glass panes, such as vehicle side glass panes or vehicle rear glass panes. These optical defects are therefore particularly clearly avoided and reduced by the glass pane 1 according to the invention in the form of a top glass pane.
Examples of glass sheets of the general type
To determine the color impression, a water-wetted glass pane of the general type is provided in the form of a composite glass pane having the following layer structure: inner glass pane 3-conductive coating 5-thermoplastic interlayer 4-outer glass pane 2. The outer glass plate 2 and the inner glass plate 3 consist of soda-lime glass. The thickness of the outer glass plate 2 is 2.1mm and the thickness of the inner glass plate 3 is 1.6mm. The thermoplastic interlayer 4 has a thickness of 0.38mm and is formed on the basis of PVB with plasticizer. The conductive coating 5 is a silver-containing coating having 3 silver layers. The total thickness of the conductive coating 5 is 100nm.
To determine the color impression, transparent calibration oil drops are placed on the outer surface I of the outer glass plate 2. Then, a three-sided isosceles glass prism having two bottom surfaces of the same size and first, second and third top surfaces is pressed against the oil droplets with the first and simultaneously largest top surface. The second layer and the third top surface are the same size and smaller than the first top surface. The collimating oil droplets were optically similar to soda lime glass, while improving the adhesion of the glass prisms to the glass plate.
Visible light is emitted by means of a light source. Light strikes the second top surface of the glass prism at an angle of incidence close to 0 deg.. Visible light is transmitted through the glass prism and strikes the outer surface I of the outer glass plate 2 at an angle of incidence α of 45 °. This light is then transmitted through the outer glass pane 2 and the thermoplastic interlayer 4 and reflected at the conductive coating 5. After this visible light is reflected at the conductive coating 5, it is transmitted again through the thermoplastic interlayer 4, the outer glass plate 2 and the glass prism (emerging from the third top face) and recorded and detected by the detector. The detector is equipped with a filter for p-polarized or s-polarized light and, depending on the filter, only detects s-polarized or p-polarized light reflected by the conductive coating 5. In principle, the light source can also be equipped with a p-polarizing filter or an s-polarizing filter to polarize the light before it enters the glass prism. In this case, the detector need not be equipped with a filter for p-polarized or s-polarized light. The resulting color values are shown in table 1 as L a b values of the color space.
Table 1: LAB color space of visible light reflected on a glass plate of the general type wetted with water at an angle of incidence α of 45 °.
Figure 131344DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The measured color values give a dark violet color impression for s-polarized light and a red violet color impression for p-polarized light. In front of the actual transparent glass plate, the water drops are clearly noticeable in terms of color.
Examples of glass sheets according to the invention
To determine the color impression, a water-wetted glass pane 1 according to the invention is provided with the following layer structure: the inner glass plate 3, the conductive coating 5, the thermoplastic interlayer 4, the functional layer 6 and the outer glass plate 2. The structure of the individual layers and the structure used for the measurement and the measurement itself are the same as in the previously described embodiments with a glass plate of the general type. The functional layer 6 is a PET film coated with a stack of copolymer layers formed on the basis of PET and PEN. The thickness of the functional layer 6 is, for example, 0.08mm. The measured color values are shown in table 2 as la b values of the color space.
Table 2: LAB color space of visible light reflected on a water-wetted glass sheet according to the invention at an angle of incidence α of 45 °.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The measured values of la b cause the drops on the glass plate 1 to assume a grayish color impression. The grey-colored color impression in front of the transparent glass pane 1 is clearly less noticeable than the reddish-purple or dark-purple color impression which occurs under the same conditions in the case of glass panes of the generic type. Since the light is already changed in its polarization by the functional layer 6, before it is reflected on the conductive coating, a changed spectral reflection results, which leads to an improved color impression (lower values of a and b). The measure for determining the perceived colour distance or colour difference between a glass sheet according to the invention and a glass sheet of the general type is Delta E. A low Delta E value of 0.0 to 2.0 indicates little perceptible color difference to the observer. At values above 2.0, the color difference is already easily perceptible to the observer, and at values above 4.0, a clear difference is visible. Delta E calculated from the values of la a b of the glass plate according to the invention and of the general type has a value of 28.2 for s-polarized light and a value of 42.8 for p-polarized light. The difference in colour between the glass sheets of the generic type and according to the invention is therefore visually clearly perceptible to an observer.
Column of reference numeralsWatch (CN)
1. Glass plate
2. Outer glass plate
3. Inner glass plate
4. 4.1, 4.2 thermoplastic interlayers
5. Conductive coating
6. Functional layer
7. Inner space
8. External environment
9. Black printed matter
10.1, 10.2 sheet glass gap
11. Spacer member
12. Hollow cavity
13.1, 13.2 sealants
14. Second sealant
I outer surface of the outer glass pane 2
II inner surface of outer glass pane 2
III outer surface of inner glass plate 3
IV inner surface of the inner glass pane 3
Upper edge of V glass pane 1
VI lower edge of glass pane 1
VII inner surface of spacer 11
Exterior surface of VIII spacer 11
A-A' cutting line of glass plate 1 of FIG. 1 and FIG. 1base:Sub>A
B-B' cutting line of the glass plate 1 of FIGS. 2 and 2a
C-C' cutting line of the glass plate 1 of fig. 3 and 3 a.

Claims (15)

1. Glass panel (1), in particular arranged for separating an internal space (7) from an external environment (8), comprising:
-an outer glass pane (2) and an inner glass pane (3), wherein the inner glass pane (3) has an inner surface (IV) facing away from the outer glass pane (2), the outer glass pane (2) has an outer surface (I) facing away from the inner glass pane (3),
-an electrically conductive coating (5), and
-a functional layer (6) having polarization filtering properties and being arranged between the outer glass pane (2) and the inner glass pane (3),
wherein an electrically conductive coating (5) is applied to one of the surfaces of the outer glass pane (2) or the inner glass pane (3) and the functional layer (6) overlaps the electrically conductive coating (5) when viewed through the glass pane (1),
such that water which overlaps the functional layer (6) and which is applied on the inner surface (IV) of the inner glass pane (3) when the functional layer (6) is arranged between the inner glass pane (3) and the electrically conductive coating (5) or on the outer surface (I) of the outer glass pane (2) when the functional layer (6) is arranged between the outer glass pane (2) and the electrically conductive coating (5) is perceived to an observer as a colour having a and b values of the colour space L a b no greater than an absolute value of 5 at an observation angle a which is greater than or equal to 35 °.
2. Glass pane (1) according to claim 1, wherein the outer glass pane (2) and the inner glass pane (3) are joined to one another in a face-like manner by means of a thermoplastic interlayer (4).
3. Glass pane (1) according to claim 2, wherein the inner glass pane (3) further has an outer surface (III) facing the thermoplastic interlayer (4) and the electrically conductive coating (5) is applied on the inner surface (IV) or the outer surface (III) of the inner glass pane (3), preferably on the outer surface (III) of the inner glass pane (3).
4. Glass pane (1) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the functional layer (6) is designed as a film and is arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4).
5. Glass pane (1) according to claim 1, further comprising a peripheral spacer (11) arranged in an edge region of the glass pane (1) between the outer glass pane (2) and the inner glass pane (3), and an inner glass pane gap (10.1) which is delimited by the spacer (11), the outer glass pane (2) and the inner glass pane (3), wherein the inner glass pane (3) and the outer glass pane (2) are joined to the spacer (11) by means of a sealant (13.1, 13.2).
6. Glass pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the functional layer (6) is arranged congruent with the electrically conductive coating (5) when viewed transparently through the glass pane (1).
7. Glass pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the electrically conductive coating (5) extends over more than at least 50%, preferably more than at least 60%, particularly preferably more than at least 80%, in particular more than at least 90% of the surface of the glass pane (1).
8. Glass pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the functional layer (6) is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) -based film coated with a PET-and/or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) -based copolymer layer stack.
9. Glass pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the functional layer (6) comprises at least one carrier film based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), triacetyl cellulose (TAC) and/or polycarbonate and/or copolymers or mixtures thereof, preferably a carrier film based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
10. Glass pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the electrically conductive coating (5) has at least one silver-containing layer, preferably at least three silver-containing layers, particularly preferably at least four silver-containing layers.
11. Glass pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the electrically conductive coating (5) has one or more functional layers based on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO).
12. Glass sheet (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the electrically conductive coating (5) has Infrared (IR) and/or Ultraviolet (UV) light reflecting properties.
13. Glass pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the thickness of the electrically conductive coating (5) is less than 5 μ ι η, preferably less than 3 μ ι η, in particular less than 1 μ ι η.
14. Method for manufacturing a glass pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein
a) Providing an outer glass pane (2), an inner glass pane (3) and a functional layer (6) having polarizing filter properties,
b) Applying a conductive coating (5) to one of the surfaces of the outer glass sheet (2) or the inner glass sheet (3),
c) The outer glass pane (2) and the functional layer (6) are arranged in such a way that the functional layer (6) is arranged between the outer glass pane (2) and the inner glass pane (3) and the functional layer (6) overlaps the electrically conductive coating (5) when viewed through the glass pane (1).
15. Use of a glass pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13 in an amphibious air vehicle, in particular in a motor vehicle, for example as a windscreen pane, rear glass pane, side glass pane and/or glass roof, preferably as a windscreen pane or as a functional and/or decorative one-piece and as a mounting in furniture, instruments and buildings.
CN202280003723.XA 2021-08-11 2022-08-08 Glass pane with a functional layer for suppressing colored reflections Pending CN115968419A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21190718.3 2021-08-11
EP21190718 2021-08-11
PCT/EP2022/072206 WO2023016975A1 (en) 2021-08-11 2022-08-08 Pane with functional layer for suppressing coloured reflections

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN115968419A true CN115968419A (en) 2023-04-14

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DE (1) DE202022002923U1 (en)
WO (1) WO2023016975A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5882774A (en) 1993-12-21 1999-03-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Optical film
US6734396B2 (en) 2001-09-07 2004-05-11 Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) Heatable vehicle window with different voltages in different heatable zones
US6952312B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2005-10-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Head-up display with polarized light source and wide-angle p-polarization reflective polarizer
FR2961609B1 (en) 2010-06-21 2012-06-01 Saint Gobain DEVICE HAVING ELECTRO-CONTROLLABLE OPTICAL AND / OR ENERGY PROPERTIES
BE1019988A3 (en) 2011-05-24 2013-03-05 Agc Glass Europe TRANSPARENT VERRIER SUBSTRATE CARRYING A COATING OF SUCCESSIVE LAYERS.
ES2869897T3 (en) 2016-04-05 2021-10-26 Saint Gobain Insulating Glass Unit for Refrigerator Cabinet
KR102567521B1 (en) 2018-04-16 2023-08-16 쌩-고벵 글래스 프랑스 Spacers with reinforcing elements

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WO2023016975A1 (en) 2023-02-16

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