CN115803299A

CN115803299A - Glazing with metal-based functional layer

Info

Publication number: CN115803299A
Application number: CN202180005119.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: J·多罗萨里奥; S·彭格尔; A·内夫特
Original assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Current assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Priority date: 2020-12-16
Filing date: 2021-12-15
Publication date: 2023-03-14
Also published as: DE202021004243U1; WO2022129202A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a glazing (100) comprising at least one glass pane (101-1), an opaque masking layer (103) applied to one side of the glass pane (101-1), and a metal-based functional layer (105) applied at least partially to the opaque masking layer (103), wherein at least one edge portion (107-3) of the metal-based functional layer (105) is arranged above the opaque masking layer (103), the opaque masking layer (103) is formed on the basis of a glass frit, and at least 50% of the surface of the glass pane (101-1) is covered by the metal-based functional layer (105).

Description

Glazing with metal-based functional layer

The invention belongs to the technical field of glass sheet manufacture and relates to a glazing with a metal-based functional layer and a method of manufacturing a glazing according to the invention. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of a glazing according to the invention.

Glazing in buildings and vehicles is increasingly equipped with a visible-light-transparent and large-area electrically conductive layer which must fulfill specific functions. These layers are usually metal-based, i.e. have at least one layer made of a metallic material, and are usually referred to as functional layers.

For example, glazing is subject to high demands with regard to its insulating properties for reasons of energy saving and comfort. It is therefore desirable to avoid high heat input due to solar radiation, which leads to excessive heating of the interior space and in turn to high energy costs for the necessary air conditioning. This is remedied by the electrochromic layer, in which the light transmission and thus the heat input due to solar radiation can be controlled by applying a voltage. Electrochromic layers are well known in the art and a variety of gates have been found to give the patent literature, of which reference is made only by way of example to EP 0867752 A1, US 2007/0097481 A1 and US 2008/0169185 A1.

The use of heat radiation reflecting layers (low-emissivity layers) is also known. The low-emissivity layer reflects a significant portion of the incident solar radiation, especially in the infrared range, which results in a reduced temperature rise in the interior space in summer. The low-emissivity layer also reduces the emission of long-wave thermal radiation of the heated glass sheet into the interior space when the low-emissivity layer is applied to a surface of the glass sheet facing the interior space. In winter when the outside temperature is low, heat of the inner space is prevented from being emitted to the outside environment. Low-emissivity layers based on, for example, niobium, tantalum, nickel, chromium, zirconium or alloys thereof are known to the person skilled in the art, for example from US 7592068B 2, US 7923131B 2 and WO2004076174 A1.

Another application of the functional layer aims at keeping the view of the vehicle glazing free from ice and fogging. Electrical heating layers are known which bring about targeted heating of a vehicle glazing by applying a voltage (see for example WO 2010/043598 A1).

In another application, the functional layer is used as a planar antenna in a motor vehicle. For this purpose, the functional layer is galvanically or capacitively coupled to the coupling electrode and provides the antenna signal in the edge region of the glass pane. The antenna signal coupled out of the planar antenna is fed to an antenna amplifier connected to the metal body in the motor vehicle, whereby a reference potential for the high-frequency-effective antenna signal is predetermined. Such planar antennas are known, for example, from DE 10106125 A1, DE 10319606 A1, EP 0720249 A2, US 2003/0112190 A1 and DE 19832228 C2.

DE 10 2017 003 621 A1 discloses a composite glass pane having an electrically conductive structure which is electrically conductively connected to at least one light source arranged between an outer glass pane and an inner glass pane of the composite glass pane.

WO 2019/120849 A1 discloses a composite glass pane comprising an outer glass pane and an inner glass pane joined to each other by at least one intermediate layer, a functional element arranged between the outer glass pane and the inner glass pane, wherein a metallic protective layer is arranged between the outer glass pane and the functional element. The protective layer is arranged on the inner side surface of the outer glass plate directly or only by means of a cover print.

US 2017/0210096 A1 discloses a vehicle composite glazing consisting of two glass panes joined by a thermoplastic interlayer, wherein the glazing comprises a conductive layer system applied on one of the glass panes and a substantially opaque obscuration band in contact with the glass pane at the edge of the same glass pane, wherein the conductive layer system at least partially covers the obscuration band, wherein the glazing further comprises a bus bar for power supply in contact with the layer system in the part covering the obscuration band, wherein the obscuration band consists of a layer unit formed by cathodic sputtering.

The production of metal-based functional layers on glass plates is generally associated with high costs and generally long process times. It is also difficult in many cases to remove the functional layer from specific regions of the glass pane in a targeted manner. If the metal-based functional layer is exposed at the edge of the glass pane (pane edge), severe corrosion often occurs, which, particularly in the case of composite glass panes, undesirably leads to the possibility of moisture entering between the two laminated individual glass panes. To avoid this, the coating is usually removed from the edge regions of the glass sheet. This requires an additional step in the industrial production of glass panels with metal-based functional layers, which makes the production expensive. Furthermore, the area of the metal-based functional layer is reduced.

On the contrary, the object of the present invention is to provide an improved glazing having a glass pane and a metal-based functional layer, by means of which the disadvantages mentioned can be avoided, wherein the protection of the metal-based functional layer against corrosion is of primary interest. The glazing with a glass pane and a metal-based functional layer should be easy and cost-effective to produce in industrial mass production. Furthermore, the method for producing glazing should be easily and cost-effectively usable in conventional methods for producing glass panes.

According to the proposal of the invention, these and other objects are achieved by a glazing and its manufacture according to the accompanying claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims.

A glazing is shown according to the invention. The glazing comprises at least one glass sheet, preferably a vitreous glass sheet.

An opaque masking layer is applied to one side of the glass plate, which has (layer) edge portions delimiting the opaque masking layer in a particularly circumferential edge region of the glass plate. The masking layer is preferably not applied to the entire surface of the glass plate, but rather to a partial surface.

Furthermore, the glazing comprises a metal-based functional layer, which likewise has a (layer) edge portion in the edge region of the glass pane, which delimits the metal-based functional layer. The metal-based functional layer is at least partially applied to the opaque masking layer. The metal-based functional layer may be disposed entirely on the masking layer. Alternatively, it is possible and provided that the metal-based functional layer is arranged only partially on the masking layer, so that the metal-based functional layer also has portions which are not arranged on the masking layer.

The term "edge portion" refers to a part or a portion of the edge of a layer.

It is essential here that at least one edge section of the metal-based functional layer (in the edge region of the glass pane) is arranged above the light-tight masking layer. In other words, at least one edge portion of the metal-based functional layer overlaps the masking layer when viewed perpendicularly through the glass sheet (the plane of the glass sheet). Thus, the metal-based functional layer does not extend beyond the opaque masking layer where it is disposed over the masking layer and has an edge portion.

The invention is based on the surprising recognition that the corrosion of a metal-based functional layer in the edge region of a glass pane can be significantly reduced by applying the metal-based functional layer to a masking layer. The metal-based functional layer is not in direct contact with the glass pane in the region at risk of corrosion, but is separated from the glass pane by a masking layer.

According to the invention, the opaque masking layer is formed on the basis of a frit, whereby the technical advantage is achieved that corrosion of the metal-based functional layer can be suppressed particularly effectively.

According to the invention, at least one edge portion of the metal-based functional layer (when viewed perpendicularly through the glass pane) is arranged to overlap the masking layer. In principle, it is possible for the edge portion of the metal-based functional layer to be set back with respect to the edge portion of the masking layer, i.e. the metal-based functional layer does not extend as far as the edge portion of the masking layer. It is particularly advantageous if the edge section of the metal-based functional layer and the edge section of the opaque masking layer (in the edge region of the glass pane) are arranged superimposed, i.e. superimposed on one another when viewed perpendicularly through the glass pane, so that on the one hand the metal-based functional layer is designed to be relatively large and on the other hand the degradation caused by corrosion can be significantly reduced.

The metal-based functional layer is applied to a large area of the glass plate. The metal-based functional layer is arranged on the surface of the glass pane and covers or covers the whole or part of the surface of the glass pane, but according to the invention is of large area. The term "large area" means that at least 50% of the surface of the glass sheet is covered or covered by said metal-based functional layer. Thus, the metal-based functional layer extends over at least 50% of the surface of the glass pane.

Preferably at least 60%, particularly preferably at least 70%, very particularly preferably at least 75%, particularly preferably at least 90%, of the surface of the glass pane is covered or covered by the functional layer.

A masking layer is applied to one side of the glass sheet. The masking layer can be applied directly, i.e. snugly, to the glass pane, wherein it is likewise possible to arrange at least one further layer made of a different material than the masking layer between the masking layer and the glass pane.

The metal-based functional layer is at least partially applied to the masking layer. The metal-based functional layer can be applied directly, i.e. in a snug manner, to the masking layer, wherein it is likewise possible to arrange at least one further layer made of a different material than the masking layer and the metal-based functional layer between the masking layer and the metal-based functional layer. The metal-based functional layer is preferably applied directly, i.e. snugly, i.e. without an intermediate layer, at least partially onto the masking layer.

The masking layer and the metal-based functional layer may each consist of one single layer or sublayer made of the same material, wherein it is likewise possible that they each consist of a plurality of single layers or sublayers made of at least two different materials. The masking layer and the metal-based functional layer may thus each consist of one single layer or sub-layer made of the same material. Alternatively, the masking layer and the metal-based functional layer may each consist of a plurality of monolayers or sublayers made of at least two different materials. As explained at the outset, it is common practice to form the metal-based functional layer in the form of a single-layer system which differs from one another.

As is common in the glazing units used in practice, in particular in motor vehicle windshield panes, the glazing unit according to the invention has a preferably strip-shaped, light-tight masking layer (e.g. black print) in the edge region, which masking layer serves to mask structures that are otherwise visible through the glazing unit. In particular in vehicles, masking strips are used to mask the adhesive strips used to glue the glazing into the vehicle body, thereby creating a harmonious overall impression. On the other hand, the masking strip serves as a uv shield for the adhesive material used. Continued irradiation with ultraviolet light can damage the mastic material and the engagement between the glazing and the vehicle body can break away over time.

In principle, any suitable method may be used to apply the opaque masking layer to the glass sheet. The opaque masking layer is preferably applied to the glass plate by painting, rolling, spraying or in a printing process, preferably by screen printing. This is a common method in the commercial mass production of glass sheets and enables the opaque masking layer to be applied to the glass sheet quickly and uniformly.

The opaque masking layer is preferably arranged in a surrounding manner in the edge region of the glass plate. The opaque masking layer is preferably applied to the glass plate in a printing process, in particular a screen printing process. Here, the printing ink is printed onto a glass plate and then dried or fired, for example at temperatures up to 700 ℃. The preferably strip-shaped masking layer can in particular be transferred to dots of different sizes. These so-called screen-printed dots should remove the visually enormous impression of black screen-printed edges.

The opaque masking layer is preferably applied in a (e.g. surrounding) edge region of the glass plate, which has the advantage that corrosion or alteration of the metal-based functional layer arranged thereon in the edge region is prevented in the (e.g. surrounding) edge region of the glass plate.

The opaque masking layer is preferably designed in the form of a black print or an overlay print. This is also a common name for a masking layer. The material of the opaque masking layer can also be applied to the glass sheet by other common application methods, such as painting, rolling, spraying, and the like, and then fired.

As described above, the opaque masking layer is formed based on frit. It comprises or preferably consists of a non-conductive material. For example, the masking layer consists of a printed and fired (in particular ceramic) paste, preferably a screen-printing paste, for example a black screen-printing paste. Such an opaque masking layer based on frit can be easily integrated into an industrial batch process and can be manufactured cost-effectively. The materials commonly used for such masking layers (e.g., ceramic screen printing pastes) are well known to those skilled in the art from the industrial manufacture of glazing panels, particularly automotive windshield panels, and therefore they need not be discussed in greater detail herein.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the glazing of the invention, the masking layer has a thickness of 4 μm to 40 μm, preferably 5 μm to 25 μm, whereby the protection against corrosion can be effectively achieved.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the glazing of the invention, the opaque masking layer extends up to the edge (rim) of the glass pane to which it is applied. The metal-based functional layer can therefore extend up to the edge of the glass pane, which brings about the particular advantage that it can be designed to be particularly large-area. Furthermore, it is particularly advantageously possible to dispense with the removal of the metal-based functional layer in the edge region of the glass pane, so that the production of the glazing according to the invention can be significantly simplified and costs can be saved.

In principle, the metal-based functional layer can be formed in any form. It is preferably a conductive coating that is transparent to visible light.

The metal-based functional layer is a single layer or a layer structure formed of a plurality of single layers, and the total thickness thereof is, for example, 2 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less. The metal-based functional layer advantageously has a thickness of 80 nm to 1000 nm, in particular 80 nm to 600 nm, preferably 140 nm to 400 nm.

By "transparent" in the sense of the present invention is meant that the total transmission of the glass sheets, in particular of the glazing, complies with the legal provisions of the windscreen sheet and the front-side glass sheet, and preferably has a transmissivity to visible light of greater than 70%, in particular greater than 75%. For the rear side glass plate and the rear glass plate, "transparent" may also mean a light transmittance of 10% to 70%. Accordingly, "opaque" means a light transmission of less than 15%, preferably less than 5%, in particular 0%.

For example, the transparent conductive functional layer comprises at least one metal, such as silver, nickel, chromium, niobium, tin, titanium, copper, palladium, zinc, gold, cadmium, aluminum, silicon, tungsten or alloys thereof, and/or at least one metal oxide layer, preferably tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, snO2: F) or antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO, snO2: sb). Such functional layers are known, for example, from DE 20 2008 017 611 U1 and EP 0847965 B1. They consist, for example, of a metal layer, such as a silver layer or a silver-containing metal alloy layer. Typical silver layers preferably have a thickness of 5 nm to 15 nm, more preferably 8 nm to 12 nm. The metal layer may be embedded between at least two layers of metal oxide type dielectric material. The metal oxide preferably comprises zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and the like, and combinations of one or more thereof. The dielectric material may also comprise silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, and combinations of one or more thereof.

The transparent electrically conductive functional layer has an area resistance of, for example, from 0.1 to 200 ohm/square, particularly preferably from 1 to 50 ohm/square, very particularly preferably from 1 to 10 ohm/square.

For example, the transparent conductive functional layer functions as an antenna layer (planar antenna).

For example, the metal-based functional layer is a functional layer having a sunscreen effect. Such a layer having a sunscreen effect has reflection properties in the infrared range and thus in the solar radiation range, whereby heating of the interior of a building or a motor vehicle due to solar radiation is advantageously reduced. Such functional layers having a sunscreen effect are well known to the person skilled in the art and generally comprise at least one metal, in particular silver or an alloy containing silver. The layer having a sunscreen effect may comprise a sequence of a plurality of monolayers, in particular at least one metal layer and a dielectric layer, for example comprising at least one metal oxide. The metal oxide preferably comprises zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and the like, and combinations of one or more thereof. The dielectric material comprises, for example, silicon nitride, silicon carbide or aluminum nitride. Layers having a sunscreen effect are known, for example, from DE 102009006062 A1, WO 2007/101964 A1, EP 0 912 455 B1, DE 199 27 683 C1, EP 1 218 B1 and EP 1 917 222 B1.

The thickness of the functional layer having a sun protection effect can vary widely and is adapted to the requirements of the respective case, with a layer thickness of preferably 10 nm to 5 μm, in particular 30 nm to 1 μm. The sheet resistance of the layer having a sunscreen effect is preferably from 0.35 to 200 ohm/square, preferably from 0.5 to 200 ohm/square, very particularly preferably from 0.6 to 30 ohm/square, in particular from 2 to 20 ohm/square. Functional layers having a sunscreen effect have, for example, good infrared reflection properties and/or a particularly low emissivity (low radiation).

The functional layer can also be, for example, an electrically heatable layer, by means of which the glass plate is provided with a heating function. Such heatable layers are known per se to the person skilled in the art. They typically comprise one or more, for example two, three or four, electrically conductive layers. These layers comprise or preferably consist of at least one metal, for example silver, gold, copper, nickel and/or chromium or a metal alloy, and preferably comprise at least 90% by weight of the metal, in particular at least 99.9% by weight of the metal. Such a layer has a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity and at the same time a high transmission in the visible spectral range. The thickness of the individual layers is preferably 5 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably 8 nm to 25 nm. With such a thickness, a high transmission in the visible spectral range is advantageously achieved, as well as a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity.

The functional layers can also be electrically switchable or adjustable functional layers, for example in the form of SPD (suspended particle device), PDLC (polymer dispersed liquid crystal), electrochromic or electroluminescent functional elements. Such functional elements are known per se to the person skilled in the art.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the metal-based functional layer comprises one or more silver layers or at least one indium tin oxide layer.

The metal-based functional layer is deposited by methods known per se, for example by magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering, which is particularly advantageous for simple, rapid, cost-effective and uniform coating of glass panes. The cathode sputtering is performed in a protective gas atmosphere made of, for example, argon gas or in a reactive gas atmosphere formed by, for example, adding oxygen, a hydrocarbon (e.g., methane), or nitrogen gas. However, the functional layer can also be applied by other methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example by evaporation or chemical vapor deposition (chemical vapor deposition, CVD), by atomic layer deposition (atomic layer deposition, ALD), by plasma-assisted vapor deposition (PECVD) or by wet-chemical methods.

In an advantageous embodiment of the glazing according to the invention, the glass sheet comprises or consists of non-prestressed, partially prestressed or prestressed glass, preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass. Alternatively, the glass plate comprises or consists of a clear plastic, preferably a rigid clear plastic, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof. Suitable glasses are known, for example, from EP 0847965 B1.

The thickness of the glass plate can vary widely and be adapted to the requirements of the respective case. For example, glass sheets having a standard thickness of 1.0 mm to 25 mm are used. For example, the thickness is 0.5 mm to 15 mm, in particular 1 mm to 5 mm. The size of the glass sheet can vary widely and depends on the application.

The glass sheet may have any three-dimensional shape. Preferably, the glass sheet is flat or slightly or severely curved in one or more directions in space.

In the bending process, for example, a glass plate with a masking layer and a metal-based functional layer applied thereto is bent in the heated state in one or more directions of the space. The temperature to which the glass plate is heated is preferably 500 to 700 ℃. It will be appreciated that the glass sheet may be subjected to further temperature treatment steps at a time before or after the bending process.

The glass plate may be colorless or colored.

The glazing according to the invention is preferably used to isolate an interior space from the outside environment. The glazing comprises at least one glass sheet. The glazing can in principle be of any design, in particular as an insulating glazing, wherein the at least two glass panes are arranged at a distance from one another by means of at least one spacer, or as a thermally prestressed single-layer safety glass or as a composite glass pane.

The glazing is preferably designed as a composite glass pane and comprises a first glass pane having an outer side and an inner side and a second glass pane having an inner side and an outer side, which are firmly joined to one another by at least one thermoplastic interlayer (adhesive layer). The first glass sheet may also be referred to as an outer glass sheet or an inner glass sheet and the second glass sheet is correspondingly referred to as an inner glass sheet or an outer glass sheet. The surfaces or sides of two single glass sheets are usually referred to as side I, side II, side III and side IV from the outside to the inside.

The masking layer and thus the metal-based functional layer can in principle be arranged on the respective surface of the glass plate, but preferably on the surface lying on the inside, i.e. on the side II and/or the side III. The metal-based functional layer is therefore advantageously not in contact with the atmosphere and is protected from damage and corrosion by the thermoplastic intermediate layer in the interior of the composite glass pane.

The invention therefore also relates to a composite glass pane comprising a first glass pane having an outer side and an inner side and a second glass pane having an inner side and an outer side, wherein the inner side of the first glass pane and the inner side of the second glass pane face one another and the two glass panes are firmly joined to one another by means of at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer, wherein an opaque masking layer is applied to the inner side of the first glass pane, a metal-based functional layer is applied at least partially to the opaque masking layer, at least one edge portion of the metal-based functional layer is arranged above the opaque masking layer, wherein the opaque masking layer is formed on the basis of a frit, and wherein at least 50% of the surface of the first glass pane is covered by the metal-based functional layer.

The thermoplastic interlayer comprises or consists of at least one thermoplastic, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, the thermoplastic interlayer may also comprise, for example, polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resins, casting resins, acrylates, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, or copolymers or mixtures thereof. The thermoplastic intermediate layer may be formed by one or more thermoplastic films on top of each other, wherein the thickness of the thermoplastic film is for example 0.25 mm to 1 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the glazing according to the invention designed as a composite glass pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer extends up to the edge portion of the metal-based functional layer.

In a further preferred embodiment of the glazing according to the invention designed as a composite glass pane, the thermoplastic interlayer is arranged on the metal-based functional layer.

The invention also extends to a method of manufacturing a glazing according to the invention. The statements made above in connection with glazing apply equally to the method according to the invention.

The method includes providing a glass plate and depositing an opaque masking layer on one side of the glass plate, and applying a metal-based functional layer onto the opaque masking layer such that at least one edge portion of the metal-based functional layer is disposed over the opaque masking layer. The metal-based functional layer application is carried out such that at least 50% of the surface of the glass pane is covered by the metal-based functional layer. According to the present invention, the opaque masking layer is formed based on frit.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the metal-based functional layer is designed in such a way that the edge portion of the metal-based functional layer and the edge portion of the opaque masking layer are arranged in superposition.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the opaque masking layer is designed in such a way that it extends up to the edge of the glass plate to which the opaque masking layer is applied.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, a first glass pane with an outer side and an inner side and a second glass pane with an inner side and an outer side are firmly joined to one another by means of at least one thermoplastic interlayer, wherein the inner sides of the two glass panes face one another, wherein a masking layer is applied to the inner side of the first glass pane.

Accordingly, the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a composite glass sheet comprising the steps of:

-providing a first glass plate having an outer side and an inner side and applying an opaque masking layer onto the inner side of the first glass plate;

applying the metal-based functional layer at least partially onto the opaque masking layer such that at least one edge portion of the metal-based functional layer is disposed over the opaque masking layer and at least 50% of the surface of the first glass pane is covered by the metal-based functional layer,

-providing a thermoplastic interlayer and a second glass sheet having an inner side and an outer side,

forming a stacking sequence in which the thermoplastic interlayer is arranged between the first glass pane and the second glass pane and the inner side of the first glass pane and the inner side of the second glass pane face each other,

-joining the stacked sequence by lamination,

wherein the opaque masking layer is formed based on a frit.

Thus, the method of manufacturing a glazing according to the invention is preferably used for manufacturing a composite glass pane. To produce a composite glass pane, at least two glass panes are joined (laminated) to one another by means of at least one thermoplastic adhesive layer, preferably under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure. Methods known per se for manufacturing composite glass sheets can be used. For example, the so-called autoclave process may be carried out at elevated pressures of about 10 to 15 bar and temperatures of 130 to 145 ℃ for about 2 hours. The vacuum bag or vacuum ring method known per se works, for example, at about 200 mbar and 130 ℃ to 145 ℃. The two glass sheets and the thermoplastic interlayer may also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a composite glass sheet. Apparatuses of this type are known for the production of composite glass sheets and usually have at least one heating channel in front of the press. The temperature during the pressing operation is, for example, 40 ℃ to 150 ℃. The combination of the calender process and the autoclave process has proven particularly useful in practice. Alternatively, a vacuum laminator may be used. It consists of one or more heatable and evacuable chambers, wherein the first glass plate and the second glass plate can be laminated within, for example, about 60 minutes at a reduced pressure of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and a temperature of 80 ℃ to 170 ℃.

The glazing according to the invention is preferably used in buildings, in particular in the region of entrances or windows, as a mounting for furniture and appliances, or in land-water-air vehicles, in particular in trains, ships and motor vehicles, for example as a windscreen panel, rear glass panel, side glass panel and/or roof glass panel.

The various embodiments of the invention may be implemented individually or in any combination. In particular, the features mentioned above and to be explained below can be used not only in the combination indicated, but also in other combinations or alone without departing from the scope of the invention.

The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of embodiments, in which reference is made to the appended drawings. The simplified diagram is shown in non-to-scale:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view through a glazing according to the prior art;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view through a glazing having an opaque masking layer;

FIG. 3 is another cross-sectional view through a glazing having an opaque masking layer; and

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a method of making a glazing according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view through a glazing 100 according to the prior art. In this arrangement, the metal-based functional layer 105 is located on the glass plate 101-1. The edge region 115 of the glass plate 101-1 is designed without the metal-based functional layer 105.

The metal based functional layer 105 is covered by a thermoplastic interlayer 109 which prevents the metal based functional layer 105 from coming into direct contact with corrosive substances such as salt water. For this purpose, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 109 is arranged both on the metal-based functional layer 105 and in the edge region 115. Another glass sheet 101-2 is disposed on and bonded to the thermoplastic interlayer 109 to produce a composite glass sheet.

However, surrounding the metal-based functional layer 105 with the thermoplastic intermediate layer 109 is complicated, since corresponding process steps have to be carried out for this purpose. In particular, for this purpose, the edge region 115 of the metal-based functional layer 105 is removed again after application to the glass pane 101-1, and the thermoplastic intermediate layer 109 is then arranged.

FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view through a glazing 100 having an opaque masking layer 103 according to the present invention. The opaque masking layer 103 absorbs light and thus has a black color impression. Opaque masking layer 103 extends up to the edge or rim 107-1 of glass sheet 101-1. Edge 107-1 forms the end of the plane of glass sheet 101-1.

The thickness of the opaque masking layer 103 is, for example, 4 μm to 40 μm, preferably 5 μm to 25 μm.

The masking layer 103 is formed, for example, by an enamel with a refractory frit, which enamel is preheated at a temperature of 500-700 ℃ before use. After the glass plate 101-1 has been coated with the metal-based functional layer 105, the enamel does not melt again during the further heat treatment at a temperature of 500-700 ℃, so that interaction between the enamel and the coating is prevented. Typically, the enamel print is first applied and then heated to a temperature of 500-700 ℃. Thereafter, the metal-based functional layer 105 is applied and reheated and bent at a temperature of 500-700 ℃.

A functional layer 105 based on metal is disposed on the black opaque masking layer 103 and also extends up to the edge 107-1 of the glass plate 101-1 and up to the edge portion 107-2 of the opaque masking layer 103. The masking layer 103 and the metal-based functional layer 105 are thus superimposed in this region and both end with the edge 107-1 of the glass plate 101-1. The thickness of the metal-based functional layer 105 is for example 80 nm to 600 nm, preferably 140 nm to 400 nm.

The metal-based functional layer 105 comprises, for example, one or more silver layers or one or more indium tin oxide layers. The metal-based functional layer 105 may be designed as an infrared protective layer (infrared reflection-IRR) or as a low-emissivity layer that reflects thermal radiation at room temperature.

A thermoplastic intermediate layer 109 is arranged on the metal-based functional layer 105, which also extends up to the edge portion 107-3 of the metal-based functional layer 105. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 109 therefore also overlaps the

underlying layers

103 and 105 in this region. The thermoplastic interlayer 109 is formed, for example, from polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA).

Another glass sheet 101-2 is disposed on the thermoplastic interlayer 109. The thermoplastic interlayer 109 is bonded to the glass sheet 101-2 such that the entire glazing 100 forms a composite glass sheet. Glass sheets 101-1 and 101-2 comprise, for example, non-prestressed, partially prestressed or prestressed glass, preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda lime glass, and preferably have a thickness of 0.5 mm to 15 mm, particularly preferably 1 mm to 5 mm.

In this configuration of the glazing 100, the metal-based functional layer 105 has uncovered open ends, which form exposed areas 111 that are at risk of corrosion. However, since the metal based functional layer 105 is supported by the masking layer 103 (hingerlegt), the metal based functional layer 105 does not suffer from, in particular, light induced corrosion. Since the underlying masking layer 103 has a different chemical and topological surface, corrosion of the metal-based functional layer 105 is prevented, as for example when salt water is encountered.

Fig. 3 shows another cross-sectional view through a glazing 100 having an opaque masking layer 103. If glazing 100 is exposed to a corrosive substance, such as salt water, in region 111, which is at risk of corrosion, then in region 113-1, where metal-based functional layer 105 is disposed directly on glass sheet 101-1, corrosion of metal-based functional layer 105 occurs. However, if the metal-based functional layer 105 is supported by the opaque masking layer 103 in the region 113-2, corrosion in the region 113-2 can be effectively prevented.

FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a method of making a glazing 100 according to the invention. In step S101, glass sheet 101-1 is provided and masking layer 103 is applied to glass sheet 101-1 up to edge 107-1 of glass sheet 101-1. Then, in step S102, the metal-based functional layer 105 having the exposed regions 111 at risk of corrosion is disposed on the light-tight masking layer 103. In this case, the metal-based functional layer 105 is designed on the opaque masking layer 103 in such a way that the edge portion 107-3 of the metal-based functional layer 105 is arranged above the opaque masking layer 103, i.e. overlaps the masking layer 103 when viewed perpendicularly through the glass pane 101-1. The metal-based functional layer 105 may be applied in particular up to the edge 107-1 of the glass plate 101-1 and thus up to the edge portion 107-2 of the opaque masking layer 103. Then, in step S103, a thermoplastic interlayer 109 is applied, which also extends up to edge 107-1 and edge portions 107-2 and 107-3. In optional step S104, another glass sheet 101-2 is laminated with a thermoplastic interlayer 109, which is laminated with glass sheet 101-1.

In general, the corrosion-risky exposed area 111 of the metal-based functional layer 105 on the glass plate 101-1 does not have to be surrounded or enclosed by other materials. If the metal-based functional layer 105 is arranged on the opaque masking layer 103, corrosion of the metal-based functional layer 105 can be prevented, although the regions 111 at risk of corrosion are not covered or surrounded on the sides. In this case, the corrosion of the metal-based functional layer 105 is much less than in the structure shown in fig. 1. In this case, the removal of the edge region of the metal-based functional layer 105 in advance can be omitted in the method for producing the glass pane 101-1, so that the production of the glass pane is simplified in terms of process technology.

List of reference numerals

100. Glazing

101-1 glass plate, first glass plate

101-2 glass plate, second glass plate

103. Opaque masking layer

105. Metal-based functional layer

107-1 (first) glass plate 101-1

107-2 edge portions of the opaque masking layer 103

107-3 edge portions of the metal-based functional layer 105

109. Thermoplastic interlayer

111. Areas at risk of corrosion

113. Region(s)

115. An edge region.

Claims

1. Glazing (100) comprising:

-at least one glass plate (101-1)

-an opaque masking layer (103) applied on one side of the glass plate (101-1),

-a metal-based functional layer (105) at least partially applied to the opaque masking layer (103),

wherein at least one edge portion (107-3) of the metal-based functional layer (105) is arranged above the opaque masking layer (103),

wherein the opaque masking layer (103) is formed on the basis of a frit,

and wherein at least 50% of the surface of the glass plate (101-1) is covered by the metal-based functional layer (105).

2. The glazing (100) according to claim 1, wherein the edge portion (107-3) of the metal-based functional layer (105) and the edge portion (107-2) of the opaque masking layer (103) are arranged in superposition.

3. The glazing (100) of claim 1 or 2, wherein the opaque masking layer (103) extends up to the edge (107-1) of the glass sheet (100-1) to which the masking layer (103) is applied.

4. Glazing (100) according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the metal-based functional layer (105) is arranged directly on the opaque masking layer (103).

5. Glazing (100) according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 75%, very particularly preferably at least 90% of the surface of the glass pane (101-1) is covered by a metal-based functional layer (105).

6. Glazing (100) according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the opaque masking layer (103) is applied in a surrounding edge region of the glazing panel (101-1).

7. Glazing (100) according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the metal-based functional layer (105) is designed to reflect thermal radiation at room temperature and/or to reflect or absorb incident infrared light.

8. Glazing (100) according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the metal-based functional layer (105) comprises one or more silver layers or at least one indium tin oxide layer.

9. Glazing (100) according to any of claims 1 to 8, comprising a first glass pane (101-1) having an outer side and an inner side and a second glass pane (101-2) having an inner side and an outer side, wherein the inner side of the first glass pane (101-1) and the inner side of the second glass pane (101-2) face each other and the two glass panes (101-1, 101-2) are firmly joined to each other by at least one thermoplastic interlayer (109), wherein an opaque masking layer (103) is applied onto the inner side of the first glass pane (101-1).

10. Glazing (100) according to claim 9, wherein the thermoplastic interlayer (109) extends up to an edge portion (107-3) of the metal-based coating (105).

11. A method of manufacturing a glazing (100), comprising the steps of:

-providing a glass plate (101-1) and applying (S101) an opaque masking layer (103) onto one side of the glass plate (101-1);

-applying (S102) the metal based functional layer (105) at least partially onto the opaque masking layer (103) such that at least one edge portion (107-3) of the metal based functional layer (105) is arranged above the opaque masking layer (103) and at least 50% of the surface of the glass pane (101-1) is covered by the metal based functional layer (105),

wherein the opaque masking layer (103) is formed on the basis of a frit.

12. A method of manufacturing a glazing (100) according to claim 11, wherein the metal based functional layer (105) is designed such that an edge portion (107-3) of the metal based functional layer (105) and an edge portion (107-2) of the opaque masking layer (103) are arranged in superposition.

13. A method of manufacturing a glazing (100) according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the opaque masking layer (103) is designed such that it extends up to the edge (107-1) of the glass sheet (100-1) to which the opaque masking layer (103) is applied.

14. A method of manufacturing a glazing (100) according to any of claims 11 to 13, wherein a first glass pane (101-1) having an outer side and an inner side and a second glass pane (101-2) having an inner side and an outer side are firmly joined to each other by at least one thermoplastic interlayer (109), wherein the inner side of the first glass pane (101-1) and the inner side of the second glass pane (101-2) face each other, wherein an opaque masking layer (103) is applied onto the inner side of the first glass pane (101-1).

15. Use of the glazing according to any of claims 1 to 10 in buildings, in particular in the entrance area or window area, as a mounting for furniture and appliances, or in land, water and air vehicles, in particular trains, ships and motor vehicles, for example as a windshield, rear glass, side glass and/or roof glass.