DE202021004243U1 - glazing - Google Patents

Abstract

Glazing (100) which includes:
- at least one disc (101-1)
- an opaque masking layer (103) which is applied to one side of the pane (101-1),
- a metal-based functional layer (105), which is at least partially applied to the opaque masking layer (103), wherein at least one edge section (107-3) of the metal-based functional layer (105) is arranged over the opaque masking layer (103),
wherein the opaque masking layer (103) is formed on the basis of a glass frit, and wherein at least 50% of the surface of the pane (101-1) is covered by the metal-based functional layer (105).

Description

The present invention is in the technical field of pane production and relates to glazing with a metal-based functional layer

Glazing in buildings and vehicles is increasingly being provided with large, electrically conductive layers that are transparent to visible light and that have to fulfill certain functions. These layers are usually metal-based, i.e. have at least one layer made of a metallic material, and are commonly referred to as functional layers.

For example, high demands are placed on glazing with regard to its heat-insulating properties for reasons of energy saving and comfort. So it is desirable to avoid a high heat input through solar radiation, which leads to excessive heating of the interior and in turn results in high energy costs for the necessary air conditioning. This can be remedied by electrochromic layers, in which the light transmission and thus the heat input due to solar radiation can be controlled by applying an electrical voltage. Electrochromic layers are well known in the technical field and have often found their way into the patent literature, where only by way of example EP 0867752 A1 , US 2007/0097481 A1 and U.S. 2008/0169185 A1 is referenced.

The use of layers that reflect thermal radiation (low-E layers) is also known. A low-E layer reflects a significant part of the incoming solar radiation, especially in the infrared range, which leads to reduced heating of the interior in summer. The Low-E layer also reduces the emission of long-wave thermal radiation from a heated pane into the interior when the Low-E layer is applied to the surface of a pane facing the interior. In winter, when outside temperatures are low, the heat from the interior is prevented from radiating to the outside environment. Low-E layers, for example based on niobium, tantalum, nickel, chromium, zirconium or alloys thereof, are well known to those skilled in the art, for example from US7592068 B2 , US7923131 B2 and WO2004076174 A1 .

Another application of functional layers aims to keep the field of vision of a vehicle window free of ice and fog. Electrical heating layers are known which cause targeted heating of the vehicle window by applying an electrical voltage (see e.g WO 2010/043598 A1 ).

In a further application, the functional layer is used as a planar antenna in motor vehicles. For this purpose, the functional layer is galvanically or capacitively coupled to a coupling electrode and the antenna signal is made available in the edge area of the pane. The antenna signal decoupled from the planar antenna is fed to an antenna amplifier, which is connected to the metal body of motor vehicles, whereby a reference potential effective for high-frequency technology is specified for the antenna signal. Such planar antennas are, for example, from DE10106125A1 , DE 10319606 A1 , EP 0720249 A2 , U.S. 2003/0112190 A1 and DE19832228C2 known.

In the DE 10 2017 003 621 A1 discloses a laminated pane with an electrically conductive structure which is electrically conductively connected to at least one light source arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane of the laminated pane.

In WO 2019/120849 A1 a composite pane is disclosed, comprising an outer pane and an inner pane, which are connected to one another by at least one intermediate layer, a functional element, which is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, a metallic protective layer being arranged between the outer pane and the functional element. The protective layer is arranged directly or only via a covering print on the inside surface of the outer pane.

U.S. 2017/0210096 A1 discloses a laminated vehicular glazing consisting of two panes of glass bonded together by a thermoplastic interlayer, the glazing comprising a system of conductive layers applied to one of the panes and at the edge of the same pane a substantially opaque masking band in contact with the Pane comprising glazing, the system of conductive layers at least partially covering the masking band, the glazing also comprising busbars for electrical supply in contact with the layer system in the part covering the masking band, the masking band consisting of a set of layers formed by cathode sputtering .

The production of a metal-based functional layer on a pane is usually associated with a great deal of effort and usually with a long process time. To make matters worse, in many cases it is necessary to to specifically exclude a specific area of the pane from the functional layer. If the metal-based functional layer is exposed at the edge of the pane (pane edge), severe corrosion often occurs, which has the undesired consequence, particularly in the case of composite panes, that moisture can enter between the two laminated individual panes. In order to avoid this, it is usual to remove the coating from the edge area of a pane. This requires additional steps in the industrial production of panes with metal-based functional layers, which make production more expensive. In addition, the area of the metal-based functional layer is reduced.

In contrast, the object of the present invention is to provide improved glazing with a pane and a metal-based functional layer, with which these disadvantages can be avoided, the main concern being to protect the metal-based functional layer from corrosion. The glazing with pane and metal-based functional layer should be easy and inexpensive to manufacture in industrial series production. In addition, the method for producing the glazing should be easy and inexpensive to use in common production methods for panes.

These and other objects are solved according to the proposal of the invention by a glazing according to claim 1. Advantageous configurations of the invention result from the dependent claims.

According to the invention, a glazing is shown. The glazing comprises at least one pane, preferably a glass pane.

An opaque masking layer is applied to one side of the pane, which has a (layer) edge section delimiting the opaque masking layer in a particularly peripheral edge region of the pane. The masking layer is preferably not applied to the entire surface but to part of the surface of the pane.

Furthermore, the glazing comprises a metal-based functional layer, which also has a (layer) edge section delimiting the metal-based functional layer in an edge region of the pane. The metal-based functional layer is at least partially applied to the opaque masking layer. The metal-based functional layer can be arranged entirely on the masking layer. Alternatively, it is possible and provided that the metal-based functional layer is only partially arranged on the masking layer, so that the metal-based functional layer also has a section that is not arranged on the masking layer.

The term "edge portion" means a portion or portion of the edge of a layer.

It is essential here that (in the edge area of the pane) at least one edge section of the metal-based functional layer is arranged over the opaque masking layer. In other words, at least one edge section of the metal-based functional layer overlaps the masking layer when viewed perpendicularly through the pane (plane of the pane). Accordingly, the metal-based functional layer, where it is arranged over the masking layer and has an edge section, does not extend beyond the opaque masking layer.

The present invention is based on the surprising finding that applying the metal-based functional layer to the masking layer can significantly reduce the corrosion of the metal-based functional layer in the edge region of the pane. The metal-based functional layer is not in direct contact with the pane in the area at risk of corrosion, but is separated from the pane by the masking layer.

According to the invention, the opaque masking layer is formed on the basis of a glass frit, as a result of which the technical advantage is achieved that corrosion of the metal-based functional layer can be suppressed particularly effectively.

According to the invention, at least one edge section of the metal-based functional layer (viewed perpendicularly through the pane) is arranged so as to overlap the masking layer. In principle, it is possible for the edge section of the metal-based functional layer to be set back in relation to an edge section of the masking layer, i.e. the metal-based functional layer does not extend to the edge section of the masking layer. It is particularly advantageous if an edge section of the metal-based functional layer and an edge section of the opaque masking layer (in the edge area of the pane) are arranged congruently, i.e. lie on top of one another when viewed perpendicularly through the pane, so that on the one hand the metal-based functional layer is relatively large and on the other hand corrosion-related degradation can be significantly reduced.

The metal-based functional layer is applied over a large area to the pane. The metal-based functional layer is arranged on a surface of the pane and covers or covers the surface of the pane completely or partially, but according to the invention over a large area. The term "large area" means that at least 50% of the surface of the pane is covered or covered by the metal-based functional layer. The metal-based functional layer thus extends over at least 50% of the surface of the pane.

Preferably at least 60%, particularly preferably at least 70%, very particularly preferably at least 75%, particularly preferably at least 90% of the surface of the pane are covered or covered by the functional layer.

The masking layer is applied to one side of the disc. The masking layer can be applied directly, i.e. immediately, to the pane, it being equally possible for at least one further layer made of a material different from the masking layer to be arranged between the masking layer and the pane.

The metal-based functional layer is at least partially applied to the masking layer. The metal-based functional layer can be applied directly, i.e. immediately, to the masking layer, it being equally possible for at least one additional layer made of a different material from the masking layer and the metal-based functional layer to be arranged between the masking layer and the metal-based functional layer. The metal-based functional layer is preferably applied directly, i.e. directly, i.e. without an intermediate layer, at least partially to the masking layer.

The masking layer and the metal-based functional layer can each consist of an individual layer or layer made of the same material, it being equally possible for them to consist of a plurality of individual layers or layers made of at least two different materials. The masking layer and the metal-based functional layer can thus each consist of an individual layer or layer of the same material. Alternatively, the masking layer and the metal-based functional layer can each consist of a plurality of individual layers or plies made of at least two different materials. As explained at the outset, it is common practice to form a metal-based functional layer in the form of a layer system made up of individual layers that are different from one another.

As is usual with glazing used in practice, in particular with windshields of motor vehicles, the glazing according to the invention has a preferably strip-shaped opaque masking layer (e.g. black print) in an edge region, which serves to mask structures otherwise recognizable through the pane. In vehicles in particular, the masking strip is used to mask a bead of adhesive for gluing the glazing into the vehicle body, so that a harmonious overall impression is created. On the other hand, the masking strip serves as UV protection for the adhesive material used. Continuous exposure to UV light damages the adhesive material and would loosen the connection between the glazing and the vehicle body over time.

In principle, the opaque masking layer can be applied to the pane using any suitable method. The opaque masking layer is preferably applied to the pane by brushing, rolling, spraying or in a printing process, preferably by means of screen printing. These are common methods in the industrial series production of panes and enable the opaque masking layer to be applied to the pane quickly and evenly.

The opaque masking layer is preferably arranged circumferentially in an edge region of the pane. The opaque masking layer is preferably applied to the pane in a printing process, in particular a screen printing process. The printing ink is printed onto the pane and then dried or burned in at up to 700 °C, for example. The masking layer, which is preferably in the form of strips, can, in particular, merge into dots of different sizes. These so-called screen-printed dots are intended to break up the visually massive impression of the black screen-printed edge.

The opaque masking layer is preferably applied in a (e.g. circumferential) edge area of the pane, which has the advantage that corrosion or alteration of the metal-based functional layer arranged thereon in the edge area is prevented in the (e.g. circumferential) edge area of the pane.

The opaque masking layer is preferably in the form of a black print or a cover print. These are also common names for the masking layer. The material of the opaque masking layer can also be applied using other common application methods such as brushing, rolling, Spraying and the like applied to the pane and then baked.

As described above, the opaque masking layer is formed on the basis of a glass frit. It preferably contains or consists of electrically non-conductive material. For example, the masking layer consists of a printed and burned-in (in particular ceramic) paste, preferably a screen-printing paste, for example a black-colored screen-printing paste. Such opaque masking layers based on a glass frit are easy to integrate in the industrial manufacturing process and can be produced inexpensively. The materials used for such a masking layer (e.g. ceramic screen printing pastes) from the industrial production of glazing, in particular windshields of motor vehicles, are well known to the person skilled in the art, so that they do not have to be discussed in more detail here.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the glazing according to the invention, the masking layer has a thickness of 4 μm to 40 μm, preferably 5 μm to 25 μm, as a result of which corrosion can be effectively prevented.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the glazing according to the invention, the opaque masking layer extends to an edge (edge) of the pane, to which the opaque masking layer is applied. Accordingly, the metal-based functional layer can extend to the edge of the pane, which has the particular advantage that the metal-based functional layer can be formed over a particularly large area. In addition, in a particularly advantageous manner, there is no need to remove the metal-based functional layer in the edge area of the pane, as a result of which the production of the glazing according to the invention can be considerably simplified and costs can be saved.

In principle, the metal-based functional layer can be formed in any desired manner. It is preferably an electrically conductive coating that is transparent to visible light.

The metal-based functional layer is an individual layer or a layer structure made up of several individual layers with a total thickness of, for example, less than or equal to 2 μm, preferably less than or equal to 1 μm. The metal-based functional layer advantageously has a thickness of 80 nm to 1000 nm, in particular 80 nm to 600 nm, preferably 140 nm to 400 nm.

In the context of the present invention, “transparent” means that the total transmission of the pane and in particular the glazing corresponds to the legal provisions for windshields and front side windows and preferably has a transmittance of more than 70% and in particular more than 75% for visible light. For rear side windows and rear windows, "transparent" can also mean 10% to 70% light transmission. Correspondingly, “opaque” means a light transmission of less than 15%, preferably less than 5%, in particular 0%.

For example, a transparent, electrically conductive functional layer contains at least one metal, for example silver, nickel, chromium, niobium, tin, titanium, copper, palladium, zinc, gold, cadmium, aluminum, silicon, tungsten or alloys thereof, and/or at least one metal oxide layer , preferably tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, SnO2:F) or antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO, SnO2:Sb). Such functional layers are made, for example DE 20 2008 017 611 U1 and EP 0 847 965 B1 known. They consist, for example, of a metal layer such as a silver layer or a layer of a metal alloy containing silver. Typical silver layers preferably have thicknesses of 5 nm to 15 nm, more preferably 8 nm to 12 nm. The metal layer may be sandwiched between at least two layers of metal oxide type dielectric material. The metal oxide preferably includes zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, or the like, and combinations of one or more thereof. The dielectric material may also include silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, and combinations of one or more thereof.

Transparent, electrically conductive functional layers have, for example, a surface resistance of 0.1 ohms/square to 200 ohms/square, particularly preferably from 1 ohms/square to 50 ohms/square and very particularly preferably from 1 ohms/square to 10 ohms/square.

For example, the transparent, electrically conductive functional layer serves as an antenna layer (surface antenna).

For example, the metal-based functional layer is a functional layer with a sun protection effect. Such a layer with a sun protection effect has reflective properties in the infrared range and thus in the range of solar radiation, which advantageously reduces the heating of the interior of a building or motor vehicle as a result of solar radiation. Such functional layers with sun protection effect are well known to those skilled in the art and typically contain at least one metal, in particular silver or a silver-containing alloy. The layer with a sun protection effect can comprise a sequence of several individual layers, in particular at least one metallic layer and dielectric layers, which contain at least one metal oxide, for example. The metal oxide preferably includes zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, or the like, and combinations of one or more thereof. The dielectric material contains silicon nitride, silicon carbide or aluminum nitride, for example. Layers with a sun protection effect are known, for example, from DE 102009006062 A1 , WO 2007/101964 A1 , EP 0 912 455 B1 , DE 199 27 683 C1 , EP 1 218 307 B1 and EP 1 917 222 B1 .

The thickness of a functional layer with a sun protection effect can vary widely and be adapted to the requirements of the individual case, with a layer thickness of 10 nm to 5 μm and in particular from 30 nm to 1 μm being preferred. The surface resistance of a layer with a sun protection effect is preferably from 0.35 ohms/square to 200 ohms/square, preferably from 0.5 ohms/square to 200 ohms/square, very particularly preferably from 0.6 ohms/square to 30 ohms/square, and particularly from 2 ohms/square to 20 ohms/square. The functional layer with a sun protection effect has, for example, good infrared-reflecting properties and/or particularly low emissivities (Low-E).

The functional layer can also be an electrically heatable layer, for example, which provides the pane with a heating function. Such heatable layers are known per se to those skilled in the art. They typically contain one or more, for example two, three or four, electrically conductive layers. These layers preferably contain or consist of at least one metal, for example silver, gold, copper, nickel and/or chromium, or a metal alloy and preferably contain at least 90% by weight of the metal, in particular at least 99.9% by weight of the metal. Such layers have a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity combined with high transmission in the visible spectral range. The thickness of an individual layer is preferably from 5 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably from 8 nm to 25 nm. With such a thickness, an advantageously high transmission in the visible spectral range and a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity are achieved.

The functional layer can, for example, also be an electrically switchable or controllable functional layer, for example in the form of an SPD (suspended particle device), PDLC (polymer dispersed liquid crystal), electrochromic or electroluminescent functional element. Such functional elements are known per se to a person skilled in the art.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the metal-based functional layer comprises one or more silver layers or at least one indium tin oxide layer.

The metal-based functional layer is deposited by methods known per se, for example by cathode sputtering supported by a magnetic field, which is particularly advantageous with regard to a simple, fast, inexpensive and uniform coating of the pane. The cathode sputtering takes place in a protective gas atmosphere, for example argon, or in a reactive gas atmosphere, for example by adding oxygen, a hydrocarbon (for example methane) or nitrogen. However, the functional layer can also be applied by other methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition (CVD), by atomic layer deposition (ALD), by plasma-enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD) or by wet-chemical methods.

In an advantageous embodiment of the glazing according to the invention, the pane contains or consists of non-tempered, partially tempered or tempered glass, preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass. Alternatively, the disk contains or consists of clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof. Suitable glasses are, for example, from EP 0847965 B1 known.

The thickness of the disk can vary widely and be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. For example, a disk with a standard thickness of 1.0 mm to 25 mm is used. For example, the thickness is from 0.5 mm to 15 mm, in particular from 1 mm to 5 mm. The size of the disc can vary widely and depends on the use.

The disc can have any three-dimensional shape. Preferably the disk is planar or slightly or greatly curved in one or more directions of space.

In a bending process, for example, the pane is formed with the masking layer and the metal-based function applied to it layer in the heated state bent in one or more directions of space. The temperature to which the disk is heated is preferably from 500°C to 700°C. It goes without saying that further thermal treatment steps of the pane can take place before or after the bending process.

The disc can be colorless or colored.

The glazing according to the invention preferably serves to separate an interior space from an exterior environment. The glazing comprises at least one pane. The glazing can in principle be of any design, in particular as insulating glazing, in which at least two panes are arranged at a distance from one another by at least one spacer, or as thermally toughened single-pane safety glass or as a laminated pane.

The glazing is preferably designed as a composite pane and comprises a first pane with an outside and inside and a second pane with an inside and outside, which are firmly connected to one another by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (adhesive layer). The first pane can also be referred to as an outer pane or inner pane, and the second pane accordingly as an inner pane or outer pane. The surfaces or sides of the two individual panes are usually referred to as side I, side II, side III and side IV from the outside to the inside.

The masking layer and thus also the metal-based functional layer can in principle be arranged on any surface of the pane, but preferably on an inner surface, ie side II and/or side III. The metal-based functional layer thus advantageously has no contact with the atmosphere and is protected from damage and corrosion inside a laminated pane by the thermoplastic intermediate layer.

The invention thus also relates to a composite pane which comprises a first pane with an outside and inside and a second pane with an inside and outside, the inside of the first pane and the inside of the second pane facing one another and the two panes being fixed to one another by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer are connected, an opaque masking layer being applied to the inside of the first pane, a metal-based functional layer being at least partially applied to the opaque masking layer, at least one edge section of the metal-based functional layer being arranged over the opaque masking layer, the opaque masking layer being formed on the basis of a glass frit and wherein at least 50% of the surface of the first pane is covered by the metal-based functional layer.

The thermoplastic intermediate layer contains or consists of at least one thermoplastic, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be, for example, polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, cast resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene, or a copolymer or mixture thereof. The thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by one or more thermoplastic films arranged one on top of the other, the thickness of a thermoplastic film being, for example, from 0.25 mm to 1 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of a glazing according to the invention designed as a composite pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer extends to the edge section of the metal-based functional layer.

In a further preferred embodiment of a glazing according to the invention designed as a composite pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged on the metal-based functional layer.

A method for producing the glazing according to the invention will now be described. The above statements in connection with the glazing apply equally to the method.

The method includes providing a pane and depositing an opaque masking layer on one side of the pane, and depositing a metal-based functional layer on the opaque masking layer such that at least an edge portion of the metal-based functional layer is disposed over the opaque masking layer. The metal-based functional layer is applied in such a way that at least 50% of the surface of the pane is covered by the metal-based functional layer. According to the invention, the opaque masking layer is formed on the basis of a glass frit.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the method, the metal-based functional layer is formed so that an edge portion of the metal-based functional layer and an edge portion of the opaque masking layer are arranged congruently.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method, the opaque masking layer is formed in such a way that it extends to an edge of the pane on which the opaque masking layer is applied.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method, a first pane with an outside and inside and a second pane with an inside and outside, with the insides of the two panes facing each other, are firmly connected to one another by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer, with the masking layer on the inside of the first disc is applied.

• - Bereitstellen einer ersten Scheibe mit einer Außenseite und einer Innenseite und Aufbringen einer lichtundurchlässigen Maskierungsschicht auf der Innenseite der ersten Scheibe;
• - Aufbringen einer metallbasierten Funktionsschicht zumindest teilweise auf der lichtundurchlässigen Maskierungsschicht, derart, dass zumindest ein Randabschnitt der metallbasierten Funktionsschicht über der lichtundurchlässigen Maskierungsschicht angeordnet ist und mindestens 50 % der Oberfläche der ersten Scheibe von der metallbasierten Funktionsschicht bedeckt sind,
• - Bereitstellen einer thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht und einer zweiten Scheibe mit einer Innenseite und einer Außenseite,
• - Bilden einer Stapelfolge, in der die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht zwischen der ersten Scheibe und der zweiten Scheibe angeordnet ist und die Innenseite der ersten Scheibe und die Innenseite der zweiten Scheibe zueinander weisen,
• - Verbinden der Stapelfolge durch Lamination,

wobei die lichtundurchlässige Maskierungsschicht auf Basis einer Glasfritte gebildet ist.A composite pane can be manufactured by a process comprising the steps:

• - providing a first pane having an outside and an inside and applying an opaque masking layer to the inside of the first pane;
• - Application of a metal-based functional layer at least partially on the opaque masking layer in such a way that at least one edge section of the metal-based functional layer is arranged over the opaque masking layer and at least 50% of the surface of the first pane is covered by the metal-based functional layer,
• - providing a thermoplastic intermediate layer and a second disc with an inside and an outside,
• - forming a stack sequence in which the thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged between the first pane and the second pane and the inside of the first pane and the inside of the second pane face each other,
• - connecting the stacking sequence by lamination,

wherein the opaque masking layer is formed on the basis of a glass frit.

Accordingly, the method for producing a glazing preferably serves to produce a composite pane. To produce a composite pane, at least two panes are connected (laminated) to one another, preferably under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure, by at least one thermoplastic adhesive layer. Methods known per se can be used to produce a laminated pane. For example, so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an increased pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130° C. to 145° C. for about 2 hours. Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring methods work, for example, at about 200 mbar and 130°C to 145°C. The two panes and the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a composite pane. Plants of this type are known for the production of laminated panes and normally have at least one heating tunnel in front of a pressing plant. The temperature during the pressing process is, for example, from 40°C to 150°C. Combinations of calender and autoclave processes have proven particularly useful in practice. Alternatively, vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more chambers that can be heated and evacuated, in which the first pane and the second pane can be laminated within about 60 minutes, for example, at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80°C to 170°C .

The glazing according to the invention is preferably used in buildings, in particular in the access or window area, as a built-in part in furniture and appliances, or in means of locomotion for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in trains, ships and motor vehicles, for example as a windscreen, Rear window, side window and/or roof window used.

The various configurations of the invention can be implemented individually or in any combination. In particular, the features mentioned above and to be explained below can be used not only in the specified combinations, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

• 1 eine Querschnittansicht durch eine Verglasung nach dem Stand der Technik;
• 2 eine Querschnittansicht durch eine Verglasung mit einer lichtundurchlässigen Maskierungsschicht;
• 3 eine weitere Querschnittansicht durch eine Verglasung mit einer lichtundurchlässigen Maskierungsschicht; und
• 4 ein Blockdiagramm eines Verfahrens zum Herstellen einer erfindungsgemäßen Verglasung.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments, reference being made to the attached figures. They show in a simplified representation that is not true to scale:

• 1 a cross-sectional view through a glazing according to the prior art;
• 2 a cross-sectional view through a glazing with an opaque masking layer;
• 3 a further cross-sectional view through a glazing with an opaque masking layer; and
• 4 a block diagram of a method for producing a glazing according to the invention.

1 12 shows a cross-sectional view through a glazing 100 according to the prior art. In this arrangement, there is a metal-based functional layer 105 on the disk 101-1. An edge area 115 of the pane 101 - 1 is formed without the metal-based functional layer 105 .

The metal-based functional layer 105 is covered by a thermoplastic intermediate layer 109, which prevents direct contact of the metal-based functional layer 105 with corrosive substances such as salt water. For this purpose, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 109 is arranged both on the metal-based functional layer 105 and in the edge region 115 . A further pane 101-2 is arranged on the thermoplastic intermediate layer 109 and connected to it, so that a composite pane is produced.

However, it is complex to surround the metal-based functional layer 105 with the thermoplastic intermediate layer 109 since corresponding process steps have to be carried out for this purpose. For this purpose, in particular, the edge region 115 of the metal-based functional layer 105 is removed again after it has been applied to the pane 101-1, before the thermoplastic intermediate layer 109 is arranged.

2 shows a cross-sectional view through a glazing 100 according to the invention with an opaque masking layer 103. The opaque masking layer 103 absorbs light and therefore has a black color impression. The opaque masking layer 103 extends to an edge 107-1 of the pane 101-1. Edge 107-1 forms the end of the face of disc 101-1.

The opaque masking layer 103 has a thickness of 4 μm to 40 μm, preferably 5 μm to 25 μm, for example.

The masking layer 103 is formed, for example, by an enamel with a refractory glass frit, which is preheated at a temperature of 500-700° C. before use. After the pane 101-1 has been coated with the metal-based functional layer 105, this enamel does not melt again during a further heat treatment at a temperature of 500-700° C., so that an interaction between the enamel and the coating is prevented. In general, an enamel print is applied first, which is then heated to a temperature of between 500 - 700°C. Thereafter, the metal-based functional layer 105 is applied and renewed heating and bending at a temperature of 500-700° C. takes place.

The metal-based functional layer 105 is arranged on the black opaque masking layer 103 and also extends to the edge 107 - 1 of the pane 101 - 1 and to the edge section 107 - 2 of the opaque masking layer 103 . The masking layer 103 and the metal-based functional layer 105 are therefore congruent in this area and both end with the edge 107-1 of the pane 101-1. The metal-based functional layer 105 has a thickness of 80 nm to 600 nm, preferably 140 nm to 400 nm, for example.

The metal-based functional layer 105 comprises, for example, one or more silver layers or one or more indium tin oxide layers. The metal-based functional layer 105 can be embodied as an infrared protection layer (infrared reflective IRR) or as a LowE layer that reflects thermal radiation at room temperature.

A thermoplastic intermediate layer 109 is arranged on the metal-based functional layer 105 and also extends to the edge section 107 - 3 of the metal-based functional layer 105 . The thermoplastic intermediate layer 109 is therefore also congruent in this area with the underlying layers 103 and 105. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 109 is formed, for example, from polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA).

A further disk 101 - 2 is arranged on the thermoplastic intermediate layer 109 . The thermoplastic intermediate layer 109 is connected to the pane 101-2, so that the entire glazing 100 forms a composite pane. The panes 101-1 and 101-2 include, for example, non-prestressed, partially prestressed or prestressed glass, preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, and preferably have a thickness of 0.5 mm to 15 mm, particularly preferably 1mm to 5mm.

In this structure of the glazing 100, the metal-based functional layer 105 has an uncovered open end, which forms an exposed area 111 at risk of corrosion. However, since the metal-based functional layer 105 is backed by the masking layer 103, no corrosion, in particular light-induced, of the metal-based functional layer 105 can take place. Since the underlying masking layer 103 has a different chemical and topological surface, corrosion of the metal based functional layer 105 prevented, such as when hitting salt water.

3 shows another cross-sectional view through a glazing 100 with the opaque masking layer 103. If the glazing 100 is exposed to a corrosive substance, such as salt water, in the area 111 at risk of corrosion, then in the area 113-1, in which the metal-based functional layer 105 is directly on of the pane 101-1, corrosion of the metal-based functional layer 105 takes place. However, if the metal-based functional layer 105 is backed by the opaque masking layer 103 in the area 113-2, corrosion in this area 113-2 can be effectively prevented.

4 shows a block diagram of a method for producing a glazing 100 according to the invention. In step S101 a pane 101-1 is provided and a masking layer 103 is applied to the pane 101-1 up to the edge 107-1 of the pane 101-1. Then, in step S102, the metal-based functional layer 105 is arranged on the opaque masking layer 103 with an exposed region 111 at risk of corrosion. Here, the metal-based functional layer 105 is formed on the opaque masking layer 103 so that the edge portion 107-3 of the metal-based functional layer 105 is arranged over the opaque masking layer 103, ie in a vertical view through the pane 101-1 overlapping the masking layer 103. The metal-based Functional layer 105 can in particular be applied up to the edge 107 - 1 of the pane 101 - 1 and thus the edge section 107 - 2 of the opaque masking layer 103 . Then, in step S103, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 109 is applied, which also extends up to the edge 107-1 and the edge sections 107-2 and 107-3. In the optional step S104, a further pane 101-2 is laminated on with the thermoplastic intermediate layer 109, which is congruent with the pane 101-1.

In general, the exposed area 111, which is at risk of corrosion, of the metal-based functional layer 105 on the pane 101-1 does not have to be surrounded or enclosed by other materials. If the metal-based functional layer 105 is arranged on the opaque masking layer 103, corrosion of the metal-based functional layer 105 can be prevented, although the area 111 at risk of corrosion is not covered or enclosed at the side. In this case, the metal-based functional layer 105 corrodes far less than in the 1 structure shown. In this case, the previous removal of edge section areas of the metal-based functional layer 105 can be dispensed with in a production method for the pane 101-1, so that the production of the pane is simplified in terms of process technology.

Reference List

100

glazing

101-1

Disc, first disc

101-2

disc, second disc

103

opaque masking layer

105

metal-based functional layer

107-1

Edge of the (first) disc 101-1

107-2

Edge portion of the opaque masking layer 103

107-3

Edge section of the metal-based functional layer 105

109

thermoplastic intermediate layer

111

area at risk of corrosion

113

Area

115

edge area

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• EP 0867752 A1 [0003]
• US 2007/0097481 A1 [0003]
• US 2008/0169185 A1 [0003]
• US7592068B2 [0004]
• US7923131B2 [0004]
• WO 2004076174 A1 [0004]
• WO 2010/043598 A1 [0005]
• DE 10106125 A1 [0006]
• DE 10319606 A1 [0006]
• EP 0720249 A2 [0006]
• US 2003/0112190 A1 [0006]
• DE 19832228 C2 [0006]
• DE 102017003621 A1 [0007]
• WO 2019/120849 A1 [0008]
• US 2017/0210096 A1 [0009]
• DE 202008017611 U1 [0037]
• EP 0847965 B1 [0037, 0046]
• DE 102009006062 A1 [0040]
• WO 2007/101964 A1 [0040]
• EP 0912455 B1 [0040]
• DE 19927683 C1 [0040]
• EP 1218307 B1 [0040]
• EP 1917222 B1 [0040]

Claims (10)

Glazing (100) which includes: - at least one disc (101-1) - an opaque masking layer (103) which is applied to one side of the pane (101-1), - a metal-based functional layer (105), which is at least partially applied to the opaque masking layer (103), wherein at least one edge section (107-3) of the metal-based functional layer (105) is arranged over the opaque masking layer (103), wherein the opaque masking layer (103) is formed on the basis of a glass frit, and wherein at least 50% of the surface of the pane (101-1) is covered by the metal-based functional layer (105). Glazing (100) after claim 1 , in which the edge section (107-3) of the metal-based functional layer (105) and an edge section (107-2) of the opaque masking layer (103) are arranged congruently. Glazing (100) after claim 1 or 2 , in which the opaque masking layer (103) extends up to an edge (107-1) of the pane (100-1) on which the masking layer (103) is applied. Glazing (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 3 , in which the metal-based functional layer (105) is arranged directly on the opaque masking layer (103). Glazing (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 4 in which at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 75%, very particularly preferably at least 90% of the surface of the pane (101-1) are covered by the metal-based functional layer (105). Glazing (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 5 , in which the opaque masking layer (103) is applied in a peripheral edge region of the pane (101-1). Glazing (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 6 , in which the metal-based functional layer (105) is designed to reflect thermal radiation at room temperature and / or to reflect or absorb incident infrared light. Glazing (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 7 , wherein the metal-based functional layer (105) comprises one or more silver layers or at least one indium tin oxide layer. Glazing (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 8th , which comprises a first disk (101-1) with an outside and an inside and a second disk (101-2) with an inside and an outside, the inside of the first disk (101-1) and the inside of the second disk (101-2 ) face each other and the two panes (101-1, 101-2) are firmly connected to one another by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (109), the opaque masking layer (103) being applied to the inside of the first pane (101-1). Glazing (100) after claim 9 , in which the thermoplastic intermediate layer (109) extends to the edge portion (107-3) of the metal-based coating (105).

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