EP4164883A1

EP4164883A1 - Composite pane

Info

Publication number: EP4164883A1
Application number: EP21732304.7A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Anna NEFT; Jefferson DO ROSARIO
Original assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS; Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Current assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS; Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date: 2020-06-16
Filing date: 2021-06-15
Publication date: 2023-04-19
Also published as: WO2021254976A1; CN114144242A; CN114144242B; US20230182444A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite pane comprising a laminated stacking sequence composed of - an outer pane (1) having an external surface (I) and an internal surface (II), - an inner pane (2) having an external surface (III) and an internal surface (IV), and - at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) which connects the internal surface (II) of the outer pane (1) to the external surface (III) of the inner pane (2), wherein - a solar protection coating (4) is applied directly to the internal surface (II) of the outer pane (1), which coating substantially reflects or absorbs rays outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation, in particular infrared rays, - a thermal radiation-reflecting coating (5) is applied directly to the internal surface (IV) of the inner pane (2), and - the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) has a printed opaque layer (6) in at least one region.

Description

Composite pane

The invention relates to a composite pane with a sun protection coating and a coating that reflects heat rays, as well as a method for producing and using it.

In order to increase the thermal comfort in vehicle cabins, more and more coatings are used on glass panes. For example, DE 19927683 C1 discloses a laminated glass pane made of at least two glass panes and a transparent laminated layer connecting them in the form of a thermoplastic intermediate layer. The outer pane has a sun protection coating that essentially reflects rays outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation, in particular infrared rays. Furthermore, the laminated glass pane is provided on its surface pointing to an interior space with a further transparent coating (so-called low-E layer or low-E coating) which is spatially separated from the sun protection layer.

WO2013 / 127563A1 discloses a further composite pane with a

Sun protection coating between the panes of glass and a low-E coating on the interior surface. The Low-E coating is based on niobium, tantalum, molybdenum or zirconium.

WO2019 / 110172A1 discloses a further composite pane with a

Sun protection coating between the panes of glass and a low-E coating on the interior surface.

In particular, the sun protection coatings are very susceptible to corrosion and generally have to be arranged inside the composite pane, in particular on the interior surface II of the outer pane. In order to prevent corrosion emanating from the edge of the composite pane, these

Sun protection coatings in the edge area are coating-free and hermetically sealed by the lamination of the outer pane and inner pane via a thermoplastic intermediate layer.

From WO 2014/174308 A1 a composite pane is known which has a darkening band in the form of a cover print. The darkening band extends in the circumferential area (ie in the circumferential outer edge area) of the Disk and is made of an opaque ceramic ink that is applied to the disk. In particular, the cover print hides the top view of any adhesive bead or sections of a frame, such as the body of a vehicle, when the laminated pane is arranged in a vehicle or in building glazing. Furthermore, the cover print conceals or conceals coating-free sections or coating-free edge areas of coatings and in particular of the sun protection coating.

The ceramic ink is burned onto the surface at higher temperatures (usually 450 ° C to 700 ° C, for example when bending the glass pane) and forms a glass-like coating (or an enamel). However, this form of applying the masking print to a glass pane is difficult or not possible in the case of surface-coated glass. In addition to adhesion problems in the laminated pane, undesirable discoloration or defects in the cover print or in the coatings can occur. Furthermore, there is an increased effort and thus increased costs in the production of the composite pane.

DE 10 2011 004 500 A1 and US 2016/0243796 A1 disclose composite panes in which a darkening surface is printed onto a plastic layer of the composite pane.

The object of the invention is to provide a composite pane with a sun protection coating, a coating that reflects heat radiation (low-E coating) and an opaque layer which is compatible with the aforementioned coatings or functionalities. Another object of the invention is to specify a cost-effective and variably usable manufacturing method.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a composite pane according to claim 1. Further refinements of the composite pane according to the invention are given by the dependent claims.

The composite pane according to the invention comprises a laminated stacking sequence of at least one outer pane with an outside surface I and a surface II on the inside, an inner pane with an outside surface III and an interior-side surface IV, and at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer which connects the interior-side surface II of the outer pane with the outside surface III of the inner pane, a sun protection coating being applied directly to the interior-side surface II of the outer pane, which essentially rays outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation, in particular infrared rays, reflected or absorbed, a coating that reflects heat rays (so-called low-E coating) is applied directly to the interior surface IV of the inner pane, and the thermoplastic intermediate layer is opaque in at least one area Layer and in particular an opaque layer (6) printed onto the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3).

The composite pane is provided in a window opening to separate an interior space, in particular the interior space of a vehicle or a building, from the external environment. The composite pane is a laminate and comprises a first and a second pane of glass, which in the context of the invention are referred to as an outer pane and an inner pane and are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer. For the purposes of the invention, the term inner pane denotes the pane facing the interior space in the installed position. The outer pane is referred to as the pane facing the external environment in the installed position. In the context of the invention, the surface on the inside (inside surface or inside or inside surface) is understood to mean that surface of the panes which, in the installed position, faces the interior. In the context of the invention, the outside surface (or outside or outside surface) is understood to mean that surface of the panes which, in the installed position, faces the external environment.

The surfaces of the glass panes are typically referred to as follows:

The outside surface of the outer pane is referred to as the I side. The surface of the outer pane on the inside is referred to as side II. The outside surface of the inner pane is referred to as side III. The surface of the inner pane on the interior side is referred to as side IV. The interior surface of the outer pane and the outer surface of the inner pane face one another and are connected to one another by means of the thermoplastic intermediate layer.

According to the invention, the sun protection coating (or sun protection layer for short) is applied to the interior surface II of the outer pane.

The sun protection coating has the task of filtering out portions of solar radiation, especially in the infrared range. The sun protection coating preferably comprises at least one thin transparent metallic layer which is embedded between at least one dielectric layer. Silver has established itself as the preferred metal for the metallic layer because it has a relatively neutral color effect and also selectively reflects infrared radiation outside the visible range of solar radiation. The dielectric layers have the task of improving the optical properties of the coated pane via their refractive indices and of protecting the metallic functional layer from oxidation. Such sun protection layers, which can be produced, for example, using the reactive sputtering process, are used to a large extent in glazing for buildings, but also in motor vehicles. In most cases, layer systems with two silver functional layers, but also three or four silver functional layers, are used because their efficiency, i.e. the reflection of infrared radiation outside the visible range in relation to the transmission of visible radiation, is greater.

Suitable sun protection coatings are known, for example, from WO201 3 / 104439A1 and DE 19927683C1.

The dielectric layers are preferably formed on the basis of dielectric oxides or nitrides, such as ZnO, SnZnO, AlN, S1O ₂ , T1O ₂ or S1 ₃ N _4.

As an alternative to the inorganic, in particular silver-based, coatings, the sun protection coating can also be formed on a non-metallic, organic basis. In this case, the sun protection coating is preferably a stack of several, typically several hundreds, organic layers with different or alternating refractive indices. The stack is a birefringent dielectric interference stack that reflects IR radiation due to interference effects. Such organic coatings have opposite metallic coatings have the advantage of higher color neutrality and higher light transmission. In addition, they do not interfere with the transmission of electromagnetic signals.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the sun protection coating extends over the entire interior surface II of the outer pane minus a circumferential, frame-shaped coating-free area with a width bS from 1 mm to 50 cm, preferably from 2 mm to 20 cm and particularly preferably from 1 cm to 20 cm cm. The coating-free edge area is hermetically sealed by gluing with the thermoplastic intermediate layer. The sun protection coating is thereby advantageously protected from damage and corrosion, which originates in particular from the edge of the composite pane.

According to the invention, a coating that reflects the heat rays is applied to the interior surface IV and / or the exterior surface III of the inner pane. Such coatings are known, for example, from WO2013 / 131667A1. The coating that reflects heat rays can also be referred to as a coating of low emissivity, an emissivity-reducing coating, a low-E coating or a low-E layer. It has the task of reflecting thermal radiation, in particular IR radiation, which has a longer wave than the IR component of the solar radiation. When the outside temperature is low, the low-e coating reflects heat back into the interior and prevents the interior from cooling down. At high outside temperatures, the Low-E coating reflects the thermal radiation of the heated composite pane outwards and reduces the heating of the interior. On the inside of the inner pane, the coating according to the invention particularly effectively reduces the emission of heat radiation from the pane into the interior in summer and the emission of heat into the outside environment in winter.

The coating that reflects heat rays preferably comprises a functional layer which contains a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), preferably indium tin oxide, tin oxide doped with antimony or fluorine and / or zinc oxide doped with gallium and / or aluminum (ZnO: Ga, or ZnO: AI), indium tin oxide being preferred. The functional layer can also contain other electrically conductive oxides, for example fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnC> 2: F), antimony-doped tin oxide (SnC> 2: Sb), indium-zinc mixed oxide (IZO), gallium-doped or aluminum-doped zinc oxide, niobium-doped titanium oxide, cadmium stannate and / or zinc stannate. This gives particularly good results with regard to the emissivity and the flexibility of the coating according to the invention achieved. The refractive index of the material of the functional layer is preferably 1.7 to 2.5.

The indium tin oxide is preferably deposited by means of magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering with a target made of indium tin oxide. The target preferably contains from 75% by weight to 95% by weight indium oxide and from 5% by weight to 25% by weight tin oxide as well as production-related additions. The tin-doped indium oxide is preferably deposited under a protective gas atmosphere, for example argon. A small proportion of oxygen can also be added to the protective gas, for example in order to improve the homogeneity of the functional layer.

Alternatively, the target may preferably contain at least from 75 wt% to 95 wt% indium and from 5 wt% to 25 wt% tin. The deposition of the indium tin oxide then preferably takes place with the addition of oxygen as a reaction gas during the cathode sputtering.

The coating that reflects heat rays also typically comprises dielectric layers, in particular formed from dielectric oxides or nitrides, such as ZnO, SnZnO, AlN, T1O2, S1O2 or S13N4 _. The layer of reflective conductive oxide is anti-reflective by using additional dielectric layers above and below in order to ensure a sufficiently low reflection from the inside.

The emissivity of the pane according to the invention can be influenced by the thickness of the functional layer of the coating that reflects heat rays. The thickness of the functional layer is preferably 40 nm to 200 nm, particularly preferably 60 nm to 150 nm and very particularly preferably 65 nm to 85 nm, for example about 75 nm advantageous ability of the coating reflecting the heat rays to withstand mechanical transformations such as bending or prestressing without damage.

The interior emissivity of the composite pane according to the invention is preferably less than or equal to 50%, particularly preferably from 10% to 50%, very particularly preferably from 20% to 35%. Interior emissivity is the term used to describe the amount of thermal radiation the pane emits in the installed position compared to an ideal thermal radiator (a black body) in an interior, for example a building or a vehicle. In the context of the invention, emissivity is understood to mean the normal emissivity at 283 K according to the EN 12898 standard.

The composite pane according to the invention is furthermore preferably characterized in that the inner pane, together with the coating (low-E layer) that reflects heat rays, has a light transmittance of 25% to 95%.

The thermoplastic intermediate layer is formed by one or more thermoplastic polymer films. The thermoplastic films preferably contain polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU) and / or mixtures thereof and / or copolymers thereof, particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral. The films are preferably formed on the basis of the materials mentioned, but can contain further components, for example plasticizers, colorants, IR or UV absorbers, preferably with a proportion of less than 50%.

It is preferred that the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer, in particular the at least one PVB film, is a tinted thermoplastic polymer film, in particular a tinted PVB film, with a light transmittance of 2% to 80%, preferably 5% to 50% and particularly preferably from 8% to 36%. The use of a tinted thermoplastic intermediate layer has the advantage that the light transmission, based on the entire laminated glass pane, can advantageously be adjusted through the choice of the thermoplastic polymer film.

The values for light transmission (TL) and reflection (RL) relate (as is customary for automotive glazing) to type of light A, ie the visible portion of sunlight at a wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm In the range of the invisible spectrum of solar radiation, in particular infrared rays, rays of a wavelength greater than approximately 800 nm are understood.

The individual polymer films, in particular the PVB films, preferably have a thickness of about 0.025 mm (25 μm) to 1 mm, in particular from 25 μm to 125 μm and from 0.3 mm to 1 mm, for example 50 μm, 100 μm, 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm. Further properties of the laminated glass pane can be influenced via the thickness of the foils. For example, thicker PVB foils result in improved sound absorption, especially if they contain an acoustically effective core, an increased break-in resistance of the laminated glass pane and also an increased protection against ultraviolet radiation (UV protection).

In an advantageous embodiment and in particular in an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the thermoplastic intermediate layer is formed from one or more polyvinyl butyral films. The surface of the polyvinyl butyral film can be embossed and have any roughness (also called roughness). Polyvinyl butyral films with a roughness Rz of 15 μm to 90 μm are particularly preferred. Rz is defined here as the mean roughness depth, i.e. the sum of the height of the largest profile peak and the depth of the largest profile valley within a single measurement section Ir.

In a further advantageous embodiment and in particular in an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, at least the polyvinyl butyral film carrying the opaque layer is not embossed and has a roughness Rz of a maximum of 50 μm (micrometers), preferably a maximum of 10 μm. Such smooth film surfaces can be printed with particularly precise and sharp edges.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the polyvinyl butyral film carrying the opaque layer has a thickness of 0.7 mm to 0.9 mm and a roughness Rz of 25 μm to 50 μm. In an alternative, particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the polyvinyl butyral film which carries the opaque layer has a thickness of 0.35 mm to 0.55 mm and a roughness Rz of 10 μm to 30 μm. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the polyvinyl butyral film which bears the opaque layer has a thickness of 45 μm to 50 μm and a roughness Rz less than or equal to 10 μm and in particular from 5 μm to 10 μm. In particular, the thinner, preferred polyvinyl butyral films are often supplemented by further intermediate layers, the various films fulfilling different tasks. As already mentioned, smoother film surfaces can be printed particularly precisely and with sharp edges, so that thin films with less roughness are particularly advantageous in order to be printed with the opaque layer.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the thermoplastic intermediate layer comprises at least two individual films, the opaque layer preferably being arranged between the first individual film and the second individual film. In a In an advantageous further development, the first individual film has a thickness of at most 50 μm and the second individual film has a thickness of more than 50 μm, the opaque layer being printed onto the first individual film. The opaque layer is advantageously printed on the surface of the first individual film facing the second individual film. This protects and seals the opaque layer inside the thermoplastic intermediate layer.

The intermediate layer according to the invention (without an opaque layer) can have a constant thickness or a wedge-shaped cross section and / or be a stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer.

Furthermore, the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be a functional intermediate layer, in particular an intermediate layer with acoustically damping properties, an intermediate layer tinted at least in sections and / or an intermediate layer colored at least in sections.

An opaque layer is printed at least in sections on the thermoplastic intermediate layer or on one of the films of the thermoplastic intermediate layer. Such opaque layers, which can be printed on polymer films, are well known to the person skilled in the art, for example from WO 2019/038043 A1, WO 2002/018154 A1, US 2014212639 A1, US 9623634 B2 or WO 2018/122770 A1.

The opaque layer according to the invention is essentially completely non-transparent to visible light. The opaque layer preferably has a transmission TL <1% and in particular TL <0.1%.

The opaque layer according to the invention is preferably black, but can also have any other color.

The opaque layer preferably contains colored pigments or dyes, particularly preferably inorganic or organic colored pigments or dyes, in particular selected from the group consisting of carbon black (also called carbon black), iron oxide pigments and mixed-phase oxide pigments. The mixed-phase oxide pigments include, for example, titanate pigments and spinel pigments. The color pigments or dyes are advantageously applied to the thermoplastic intermediate layer in a water- or solvent-based composition and preferably dried. The color pigments or Dyes can be applied to the thermoplastic intermediate layer by means of spray processes, screen printing, inkjet processes or other suitable printing processes. The composition with which the opaque layer is printed in particular contains no glass-forming oxides or glass frits or other constituents which, after drying and after lamination, lead to a glass-like layer.

In particular, the opaque layer according to the invention is not glass-like and does not contain or is not an enamel.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the opaque layer has a thickness of 5 μm (micrometers) to 40 μm, preferably 5 μm to 20 μm. Such thick, opaque layers are easy to produce, have sufficient covering power and can be laminated into a composite pane without further compensating layers or compensating foils.

The opaque layer according to the invention can be printed on any surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer or on any surface of individual films of a film composite, in particular also on several surfaces.

If the opaque layer is printed on several surfaces, then preferably in staggered sections. This has the advantage that the overall thickness of the intermediate layer with the opaque layer remains smaller and is easier to laminate.

Alternatively, opposing sections of a plurality of surfaces can also be printed, as a result of which components arranged between them, such as supply lines for electrical functional elements or their edge areas or the functional elements themselves, can be covered from both sides.

In an advantageous embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention, the opaque layer covers at least one edge region with a width b0 that encircles the thermoplastic intermediate layer. The edge area preferably has a constant width b0 and is then also referred to as an edge strip.

In an advantageous embodiment, the edge region of the opaque layer covers, preferably completely, an edge stripping of the sun protection coating in the viewing direction through the composite pane. This has the particular advantage that the transition between sun protection coating and coating-free area is laminated and can hardly be seen from the outside of the laminated pane.

The width bO of the circumferential edge area is advantageously greater than or equal to the width bS of the edge area free from the sun protection coating; bO is preferably from bS to bS + 50 mm and, in particular, bO = bS.

It goes without saying that the opaque layer alone or in addition to the edge area can also be arranged on other sections of the thermoplastic intermediate layer, for example if the composite pane has at least one sensor window for an optical sensor and the opaque layer is arranged in an area surrounding the sensor window. Alternatively, an opaque layer can cover supply lines, bus bars or the edge area of an electrical functional element, preferably a display, a sensor arrangement, a camera and / or a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties, in particular a PDLC element or an SPD element.

At its edge, the opaque layer can merge completely or in sections into a rasterized area, for example into a point grid, a perforated grid, or a checkerboard-like pattern, with a uniform pattern or with increasing or decreasing distances. That is to say, the opaque layer can be printed in such a way that the print is also semitransparent, at least in sections, for example as a point grid, stripe grid or checkered grid. Alternatively, the print can also have a gradient, for example from an opaque covering to a semitransparent covering.

The outer pane and the inner pane are preferably formed independently of one another from glass or plastic, preferably soda-lime glass, alkali aluminosilicate glass, polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the outer pane and the inner pane are made of glass.

Suitable panes of glass include panes of glass known under the trade names Planiclear and Planilux (each clear glass), VG10, VG20, VG40 or TSANx, TSA3 +, TSA4 + from Saint-Gobain, the glasses of the VG series being gray-colored glasses and with those of the TSA series are green colored glasses. The outer and / or inner pane preferably has a thickness of 0.1 to 4 mm, preferably 1 to 4 mm, particularly preferably from 1.6 mm to about 2.1 mm, independently of one another. The outer and / or the inner pane can have a constant thickness or also be designed to be slightly wedge-shaped.

The composite pane according to the invention preferably has a light transmittance of 1% to 12%, preferably 2% to 10% (measured in accordance with ISO 9050).

The laminated pane according to the invention can also be part of further glazing, for example insulating glazing, safety glazing for protection against break-in or damage, or fire protection glazing.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a composite pane which comprises a laminated stacking sequence, at least of an outer pane with an outside surface I and an interior surface II, an inner pane with an outside surface III and an interior surface IV, and at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer which the interior surface II of the outer pane connects to the outer surface III of the inner pane, with a sun protection coating being applied directly to the interior surface II of the outer pane prior to lamination, which essentially reflects or absorbs rays outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation, in particular infrared rays, a coating that reflects heat rays (so-called low-E coating) is applied directly to the interior surface IV of the inner pane, and the thermoplastic intermediate layer in min at least one area has a printed, opaque layer.

Another aspect of the invention comprises a method for producing a composite pane, wherein at least in a first step S1: a sun protection coating is arranged on an interior-side surface II of an outer pane, the sun protection coating in the Substantial rays outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation, in particular infrared rays, are reflected or absorbed, and a coating that reflects heat rays (low-E coating) is arranged on an interior surface IV of an inner pane and an opaque layer is at least partially printed onto a thermoplastic intermediate layer.

In a second step S2, at least one stacking sequence is created from the outer pane, thermoplastic intermediate layer and inner pane.

In a third step S3, at least the stacking sequence is laminated to form a composite pane.

The sun protection coating and the coating reflecting heat rays are deposited on the glass panes by the methods mentioned at the beginning and known to those skilled in the art for depositing thin layers.

The lamination of the stacking sequence is carried out using common lamination processes. For example, so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an elevated pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130 ° C. to 145 ° C. for about 2 hours. Vacuum bag or vacuum ring processes known per se work, for example, at around 200 mbar and 80 ° C to 110 ° C. The outer pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a composite pane. Systems of this type are known for the production of panes and normally have at least one heating tunnel in front of a press shop. The temperature during the pressing process is, for example, from 40 ° C to 150 ° C. Combinations of calender and autoclave processes have proven particularly useful in practice. Alternatively, vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more heatable and evacuable chambers in which the first pane and the second pane are laminated within, for example, about 60 minutes at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80 ° C to 170 ° C.

In particular, the stacking sequence is not heated to more than 170 ° C., preferably 150 ° and particularly preferably 120 ° C., in none of the lamination processes or other subsequent process steps. In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, in the first step of producing the opaque layer, a water- or solvent-based composition which contains color pigments or dyes is applied to the thermoplastic intermediate layer. Spray processes, screen printing processes, inkjet processes or other suitable printing processes are particularly suitable for this purpose. The composition is preferably dried following application.

Another aspect of the invention comprises a composite pane according to the invention which is produced by the method according to the invention.

The invention therefore comprises a composite pane, obtainable by a method in which at least in a first step S1: a sun protection coating is arranged on an interior surface II of an outer pane, the sun protection coating essentially reflecting rays outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation, in particular infrared rays or absorbed, and a coating that reflects heat rays is arranged on a surface IV of an inner pane on the interior side and an opaque layer is printed at least in sections onto a thermoplastic intermediate layer; in a second step S2: a stacking sequence of outer pane, thermoplastic intermediate layer and inner pane is created; and in a third step S3: the stacking sequence is laminated to form a composite pane.

It should be emphasized again that in the composite pane according to the invention, the opaque layer consists of different materials and has a different microstructure than in a conventional cover print according to the prior art, which is printed on a surface of the glass panes (for example by screen printing) and in is baked in a process step at high temperatures (for example when bending the glass pane). Such cover prints consist of a ceramic ink and contain glass-forming oxides or glass frits, which form a glass-like coating on the glass pane after baking. This glass-like coating has a firm and intimate connection with the surface of the glass pane. If the laminated pane is dismantled with the application of high forces, such a cover pressure cannot be removed from the glass surface.

In the case of a composite pane produced according to the invention, the opaque layer bonds firmly to the thermoplastic intermediate layer before and / or during lamination. The temperatures are not sufficient to create a permanent connection with any adjacent glass pane. Therefore, when the composite pane is dismantled, the opaque layer including the intermediate layer can be detached from the glass panes.

The present invention also relates to the use of the composite pane according to the invention in a vehicle on water, on land or in the air, preferably as a roof pane of a vehicle, particularly preferably as a roof pane of a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car. Alternatively, the composite pane according to the invention can also be used in building glazing or in some other architectural glazing.

The present invention also relates to a vehicle, preferably a motor vehicle, comprising the laminated glass pane according to the invention.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing and exemplary embodiments. The drawing is a schematic representation and is not true to scale. The drawing does not restrict the invention in any way.

Show it:

1A shows a cross section through an embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention,

1B shows a schematic cross section through the inventive

Composite pane before lamination,

2 shows a schematic representation of the method according to the invention,

3 shows a cross section through an embodiment of a further composite pane according to the invention, and

4 shows a cross section through an embodiment of a further composite pane according to the invention. FIG. 1A (FIG. 1A) shows a cross section through an embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention. The composite pane 100 comprises an outer pane 1 and an inner pane 2, which are laminated to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 and are thereby permanently connected.

FIG. 1B (FIG. 1B) shows an exploded drawing in the form of a cross section through the individual elements of the composite pane 100. At the same time, FIG.

The composite pane 100 has a size of approximately 2 m ² and is provided, for example, as a roof pane of a passenger car, the outer pane 1 being intended to face the outside environment and the inner pane 2 being intended to face the vehicle interior. The outer pane 1 has an outside surface I and a surface II on the inside. The inner pane 2 has an outside surface III and a surface IV on the inside. The outside surfaces I and III face the outside environment in the installed position, the interior surfaces II and IV face the vehicle interior in the installed position. The interior-side surface II of the outer pane 1 and the outer-side surface III of the inner pane 2 face one another. The outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 contain, for example, soda-lime glass and each have a thickness of 2.1 mm, for example. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 contains or consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and has a thickness of 0.76 mm, for example. It goes without saying that composite panes 100 according to the invention can also have other dimensions adapted to the respective individual case and in particular other layer thicknesses for outer pane 1, inner pane 2 and thermoplastic intermediate layer 3.

A sun protection coating 4 is arranged on the interior surface II of the outer pane 1. The sun protection coating 4 extends, for example, over the entire surface II minus a circumferential, frame-shaped, coating-free area with a width bS of, for example, 8 mm. The coating-free area is hermetically sealed by gluing to the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3. The sun protection coating 4 is thereby advantageously protected from damage and corrosion, which originates in particular from the edge of the composite pane 100. The sun protection coating 4 comprises, for example, at least two functional layers which contain at least silver or consist of silver and have an exemplary layer thickness of 5 nm to 25 nm or 8 nm to 20 nm, with each functional layer between two dielectric layers made of silicon nitride with a thickness of 40 nm is arranged to 70 nm.

A coating 5 that reflects heat rays is arranged on the interior surface IV of the inner pane 2. The coating 5 comprises a functional ITO layer with a thickness of 60 nm to 150 nm. The coating 5 also comprises further dielectric layers above and below the functional layer, in particular made of Al-doped S1O2 and S13N4.

The sun protection coating 4 leads to reduced heating of the vehicle interior and the inner pane 2 due to the reflection of infrared radiation. The coating 5, which reflects heat rays, on the one hand reduces the radiation of heat radiation through the laminated pane into the vehicle interior, in particular at high outside temperatures. The coating 5, which reflects heat rays, on the other hand, reduces the radiation of heat radiation from the vehicle interior at low outside temperatures.

Furthermore, in the edge area of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3, an opaque layer 6 is arranged on the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 and is, for example, printed over the entire area in the edge area. The opaque layer 6 is black here, for example, and has a thickness of 12 μm, for example. The opaque layer 6 covers an edge region with a width bO of, for example, 25 mm. As a result, the opaque layer 6 hides the coating-free edge area of the sun protection coating 4 when looking through the laminated composite pane 100 from the inside Vehicle or is arranged in a building glazing. Due to the arrangement of the opaque layer 6 below the edge area free of the sun protection coating, this is visible when looking at the outer pane 1, but can hardly be seen due to the black background through the opaque layer 6.

It goes without saying that further opaque layer areas, not shown here, can be arranged on the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 and thereby cover, for example, the border of a coating-free sensor window be able. Alternatively, the opaque layer 6 can cover supply lines, connections or transitions of functional elements within the composite pane 100 and in particular within the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3. The functional element can be, for example, a PDLC film which is arranged between two individual layers of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3.

It goes without saying that such an opaque layer 6 can also be arranged on the surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 facing the inner pane 2 and / or between two individual films 3.1, 3.2 of a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3.

FIG. 2 (FIG. 2) shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention.

In a first method step S 1: a sun protection coating 4 is arranged on an interior surface II of an outer pane 1, the sun protection coating 4 essentially reflecting or absorbing rays outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation, in particular infrared rays (the result shown in FIG. 1 B unit labeled S1.1.); an opaque layer 6 is printed at least in sections onto a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 (the unit designated by S1.2 in FIG. 1B is produced); and a coating 5 that reflects heat rays is arranged on a surface IV of an inner pane 2 on the interior side (the unit designated by S1.3 in FIG. 1B is produced).

It goes without saying that the substeps that lead to the units S1.1, S1.2 and S1.3 can be carried out in any order or at the same time.

Furthermore, in a second method step S2, a stacking sequence of outer pane 1 (with sun protection coating 4), thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 (with opaque layer 6 printed on) and inner pane 2 (with coating 5 reflecting heat rays) is created. The sun protection coating 4 on the inside surface II of the outer pane 1 comes into direct contact with the printed surface of the thermoplastic The intermediate layer 3 and the unprinted side of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 come into direct contact with the outside surface III of the inner pane 2, that is to say with the side of the inner pane 2 facing away from the thermal radiation-reflecting coating 5. The units S1.1, S1.2 and S1. 3 are therefore assembled, for example, in the stacking sequence shown in FIG. 1B.

Furthermore, in a third method step S3, the stacking sequence is laminated to form a composite pane 100.

FIG. 3 (FIG. 3) shows a cross section through an alternative embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention. The structure of the composite pane 100 and in particular the outer pane 1 with a sun protection coating 4, the inner pane 2 with a coating 5 reflecting heat rays and the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 with an opaque layer 6 essentially correspond to the structure from FIG. 1A, so that only the differences are discussed below.

In the example shown, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 consists, for example, of two individual films 3.1, 3.2 made of PVB. The individual film 3.1 has a thickness of, for example, 50 μm, and the individual film 3.2 has a thickness of, for example, 0.76 mm. The opaque layer 6 was printed onto a surface of the individual film 3.1. The individual film 3.2 was then arranged on the printed side of the individual film 3.1, so that the opaque layer 6 is firmly located in the interior of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3. After the lamination, the opaque layer 6 is firmly embedded in the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3.

Furthermore, the width bS of the coating-free edge area of the sun protection coating 4 corresponds to the width bO of the edge area printed by the opaque layer 6 and is, for example, 10 mm. As a result, the transition between the sun protection coating 4 and the coating-free edge area is particularly well concealed and optically inconspicuous.

It goes without saying that such an opaque layer 6 can also be arranged on the surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 facing the outer pane 1 and / or on the surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 facing the inner pane 2.

FIG. 4 (FIG. 4) shows a cross section through a further alternative embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention. The structure of the composite pane 100 and in particular the outer pane 1 with a sun protection coating 4, the inner pane 2 with a low-E coating 5 and the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 with an opaque layer 6 essentially correspond to the structure from FIG. 1A, so that only the differences are discussed below.

In this example, the opaque layer 6 was arranged on the side facing the outer surface III of the inner pane 2. Furthermore, the opaque layer 6 consists of a completely printed layer area which begins at the outermost edge of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 and merges inward into an interrupted area of the opaque layer 6. The opaque layer 6 has, for example, a point grid in the interrupted area. The interrupted area with the point grid is arranged congruently with the transition between the sun protection coating 4 and the edge area free of sun protection coating when looking through the composite pane 100. As investigations by the inventors have shown, the transition between the sun protection coating 4 and the coating-free edge area can hardly be seen optically, which creates a very aesthetic impression.

It goes without saying that such an opaque layer 6 can also be arranged on the surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 facing the outer pane 1 and / or between two individual films 3.1, 3.2 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3.

The laminated pane according to the invention and the method according to the invention have clear advantages over a cover print according to the prior art that is applied directly to a glass surface, since there is burned in at higher temperatures and the cover print forms a glass-like coating or an enamel.

As described at the outset, this form of applying the masking print to a pane of glass is difficult or not possible in the case of surface-coated glasses. In addition to adhesion problems in the laminated pane, undesirable discoloration or defects in the cover print or in the coatings can occur. This applies in particular to a cover print according to the prior art, which is applied to a sun protection coating and in particular a silver-based sun protection coating and baked. Alternatively, it would be possible to arrange a cover print according to the prior art, for example on the outside surface III of an inner pane 2 and burn it in, if the coating 5 reflecting heat rays is on the inside surface IV of the inner pane 2. However, this has the disadvantage that the two sides of the inner pane 2 have to be machined during production, that is to say the pane has to be treated and / or rotated in a complex manner. In other words, there is increased effort and thus increased costs.

All of these disadvantages, which arise with a cover printing according to the prior art, are successfully solved and avoided by the inventive decoupling of the opaque layer 6 from the outer pane 1 (with sun protection coating 4) and the inner pane 2 with heat radiation reflective coating 5.

List of reference symbols:

1 outer pane

2 inner pane

3 thermoplastic intermediate layer 3.1, 3.2 individual film

4 sun protection coating

5 Heat radiation reflective coating / Low-E coating

6 opaque layer / masking print bS width of the coating-free edge area of the

Sun protection coating 4 bO width of the edge area Rz printed with the opaque layer 6 roughness S1.1, S1.2, S1.3 unit S 1, S2, S3 process step

I outer surface (outer surface) of the outer pane 1

II surface on the interior side (inner surface) of the outer pane 1

III outer surface (outer surface) of the inner pane 2

IV surface on the interior side (inner surface) of the inner pane 2

Claims

1. Composite pane (100), at least comprising a laminated stacking sequence of an outer pane (1) with an outside surface (I) and an inside surface (II), an inside pane (2) with an outside surface (III) and an inside surface ( IV), and at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) which connects the interior surface (II) of the outer pane (1) to the outer surface (III) of the inner pane (2), a sun protection coating (4) being applied directly to the interior surface ( II) the outer pane (1) is applied, which essentially reflects or absorbs rays outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation, in particular infrared rays, a coating (5) reflecting heat rays is applied directly to the interior surface (IV) of the inner pane (2) , and the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) in at least one area an opaque layer (6), i In particular, an opaque layer (6) printed onto the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3).

2. Composite pane (100) according to claim 1, wherein the sun protection coating (4) comprises a layer system with at least one metal layer, in particular at least one metallic silver layer, embedded between dielectric oxide or nitride layers.

3. composite pane (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat radiation reflective coating (5) contains a transparent conductive oxide, preferably indium tin oxide, antimony or fluorine-doped tin oxide and / or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO: Al) and / or Contains gallium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO: Ga) and particularly preferably consists of indium tin oxide.

4. composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) is formed from at least one polymer film, which preferably contains polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyurethane and / or mixtures thereof and / or copolymers thereof and preferably of polyvinyl butyral consists.

5. composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) is designed as a multilayer film composite, at least comprising a first individual film (3.1) with a thickness of at most 50 μm and a second individual film (3.2) a thickness of more than 50 μm, and preferably the first individual film (3.1) has the opaque imprint (6) and the opaque layer (6) is arranged between the first individual film (3.1) and the second individual film (3.2).

6. composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) is a polyvinyl butyral film and preferably has a surface roughness Rz of a maximum of 50 pm (micrometers), particularly preferably of a maximum of 20 pm and in particular of a maximum of 10 pm .

7. composite pane (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the

The outer pane (1) and / or the inner pane (2) is formed from glass and / or polymers, preferably soda-lime glass, alkali aluminosilicate glass, polycarbonate and / or polymethyl methacrylate, and preferably the outer pane (1) and / or the inner pane (2 ) have a thickness of 0.5 mm to 4 mm, particularly preferably 1.6 mm to 2.1 mm.

8. composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the opaque layer (6) contains color pigments or dyes, in particular selected from the group consisting of carbon black, iron oxide pigments and mixed phase oxide pigments and in particular no glass, no glass frits and / or no glass-forming Contains oxides.

9. composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the opaque layer (6) has a thickness of 5 pm to 40 pm and preferably from 5 pm to 20 pm.

10. composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the opaque layer (6) is arranged in an edge region surrounding the composite pane (100), preferably an edge strip with a constant width bO.

11. Composite pane (100) according to claim 10, wherein a width bO of the edge region of the opaque layer (6) is greater than or equal to a width bS a coating-free edge area of the sun protection coating (4) and / or the edge area of the opaque layer (6) completely covers the coating-free edge area of the sun protection coating (4) in the viewing direction through the composite pane (100).

12. Composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein between the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) contains or consists of at least two individual films (3.1, 3.2) and an electrical functional element, preferably a display, a sensor arrangement, a camera and / or a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties is embedded between the individual films (3.1, 3.2), in particular a PDLC element or an SPD element.

13. Composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the composite pane (100) has at least one sensor window for an optical sensor, preferably a sensor window free of sun protection coating, and the opaque layer (6) is arranged in an area surrounding the sensor window .

14. A method for producing a composite pane (100), wherein at least in a first step (S 1): a sun protection coating (4) is arranged on an interior surface (II) of an outer pane (1), the sun protection coating (4) essentially Rays outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation, in particular infrared rays, are reflected or absorbed, and a coating (5) reflecting heat rays is arranged on an interior surface (IV) of an inner pane (2) and an opaque layer (6) at least in sections on a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) is imprinted; in a second step (S2): a stacking sequence of outer pane (1), thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) and inner pane (2) is created; and in a third step (S3): the stacking sequence is laminated to form a composite pane (100).

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the first step (S1) at least the provision of a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3), the application of a comprises water- or solvent-based color pigments or dyes containing composition on the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) in at least one area and drying the applied composition.

16. Use of the composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 13 as glazing of a vehicle on water, on land or in the air, preferably as a roof pane of a vehicle and in particular of a motor vehicle or as building glazing.