NL2032757B1 - Automotive window laminate structure, glass sheet for use in a laminate, and method for producing an automotive window laminate structure - Google Patents
Automotive window laminate structure, glass sheet for use in a laminate, and method for producing an automotive window laminate structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL2032757B1 NL2032757B1 NL2032757A NL2032757A NL2032757B1 NL 2032757 B1 NL2032757 B1 NL 2032757B1 NL 2032757 A NL2032757 A NL 2032757A NL 2032757 A NL2032757 A NL 2032757A NL 2032757 B1 NL2032757 B1 NL 2032757B1
- Authority
- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- reflective coating
- glass sheet
- facing surface
- ceramic
- laminate structure
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 165
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 189
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 174
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 132
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 77
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- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 21
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3] UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
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- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/08—Cars
Abstract
The present invention is related to an automotive window laminate structure, comprising an inner glass sheet, and an outer glass sheet, said inner glass sheet and outer glass sheet situated parallel and mutually spaced apart, the inner glass sheet and outer glass sheet each comprising an inward facing surface and an outward facing surface, at least one thermoplastic laminated sheet structure, said thermoplastic laminated sheet structure substantially entirely placed between the outward facing surface of the inner glass sheet and the inward facing surface of the outer glass sheet, at least one reflective coating, in particular a heat and/or infrared reflective coating, said reflective coating provided on at least a portion of the inward facing surface of the outer glass sheet, and at least one ceramic band, stretching along at least a portion of the perimeter of the inward facing surface of the outer glass sheet. The invention is also related to a method for producing an automotive window laminate structure.
Description
Automotive window laminate structure, glass sheet for use in a laminate, and method for producing an automotive window laminate structure
The present invention is related to an automotive window laminate structure, the present invention is also related to a method for producing an automotive window laminate structure.
Nowadays, functional layers comprise at least one active film layer like polymer- dispersed liquid-crystal (PDLC), Electro Chrome and other functional films like suspended-particle devices (SPD) are widely used in architectural glasses but are - more exceptionally — also used in the automotive industry. There are several reasons for that but in general, in the automotive industry, there is a higher demand in both safety regulations and quality issues. Active or functional layers like SPD,
PDLC or Electro-chrome or Electrophorese films all have in common that they are build up from two opposing thermoplastic layers, at their mutually facing sides provided with a conductive coating, mostly an ITO coated PET, PEN, PC or PMMA layer, in between which two layers the active film layer is provided. All have in common that if an electric current flows from the first conductive layer through the liquid crystals to the second conductive layer, the crystals will be orientated aligned with the electric current causing a change in colour and/or light transmission and/or haze level. If such a layer is incorporated in a laminated glass structure it is called a functional layer. Incorporation is done by means of lamination process which commonly uses bonding layers and a frame layer.
These aforementioned active or functional films, but also more passive like functional films e.g., Photo-Chrome, Thermochromic films, Photopolymer films and
Solar cell films, have in common that they are sensitive to high temperatures. High temperatures may occur when an automotive glass comprising said active or passive film is positioned under direct sunlight. Temperatures of the glass may rise to a level which may cause damage to the active and/or passive film. According to the temperature, the active and/or passive film incorporated in the window laminate may degrade and lose functionalities. Since a lot of automotive transport vehicles are parked outside for mast of the time, they are being exposed to sunlight for most of the time. It is known that the UV light may also damage the active and/or passive film. However, these harmful UV rays may be at least partially filtered by one layer of glass, or a bonding layer as such. Clear glass is known for blocking at least UVC and UVB spectrum light, but may also filter a portion of the UVA spectrum light.
Hence, the UV light as such does not impose a significant problem to the degradation of the active and/or passive films since the clear layer of glass may provide sufficient protection. However, although the UV spectrum as such may not be specifically a cause of degradation, it may indirectly contribute to the degradation of the active and/or passive film. In fact, a part of the sunlight is absorbed by the sheet of glass (or other component) and causes the sheet of glass to raise in temperature. The heat that is absorbed in the glass may cause degradation of the active and/or passive film of the automotive window laminate structure as such.
An automotive window laminated structure is especially prone to heating in the region of the obscuration band of the window laminate. Said obscuration band is mostly located around the perimeter of the window laminate, but also around the rear-view mirror area. Sensors and/or cameras may be located in the region of the obscuration band, where a cut-out may be provided for. Said obscuration band may be at least partially composed of silkscreen- and/or digitally printed ceramic enamel. These regions are in particular prone to heating due to the fact that the obscuration band is most frequently black, or close to black in colour. This region of the window laminate absorbs most of the sun radiation, and may due to absorbed heat reach temperatures of 90 degrees Celsius and above. The heating of the automotive window laminate is a serious issue for laminated automotive window laminates which comprise an active and/or passive film or layer. This is in particular the case if said active and/or passive film/layer stretches until underneath said obscuration band. High temperature gradients may occur due to the significantly higher temperatures in the glass at the region of the obscuration band. But also the high temperature as such may induce damage to the active and/or passive film/layer. High temperatures in e.g. a PDLC laminated stack may cause moisture, plasticisers, and other elements to be able to migrate faster. As a result, a reaction between migrated elements and the Liquid Crystals may occur and cause the
Liquid Crystals to turn into a clear state. This phenomena may occur more frequently near the edge of the window laminate (i.e., the region of the obscuration band) because of the shortest distance between the bonding layer and active and/or passive film/layer. High temperatures accelerates this process.
This may be solved by not incorporating the active and/or passive film/layer underneath the obscuration band. However, it is desired to have the active layer stretch until underneath said obscuration band. For example, electrical connections may as such be hidden from sight, but also due to other aesthetical reasons such as hiding a cut line in the layer, or a protective tape. However, it can also be desired to block the complete light spectrum at parts of the active film/layer where a further improved anti-aging is desired, such as a flexible printed circuit to connect to an ITO or Silver coated layer of an active film/layer, such as; PDLC, SPD, EC. The most sensitive part of the film which is the edge may as such be hidden under the hottest area of an automotive glass.
There is thus a need for reducing the amount of heat that is absorbed into the window laminate, in particular in the area of an obscuration band. There are coatings available in the market which have an excellent infrared light reflecting property, which may allow to at least reflect a portion of the light to reduce the amount of heat absorbed. An example of such a coating may be a Silver sputtered coating, such as for example an AG or double Silver AG2, triple Silver AG3, up to
AG4 and AGS coatings. These coatings are typically sputtered onto the glass. Due to their infrared reflective properties, these coatings are being able to effectively reduce the amount of energy absorbed by the glass, bonding layers or other underlaying materials, as seen in direction from the sun going inwards to the vehicle (outside inwardly). However, it has turned out that these coatings are known for being incompatible with Ceramic enamel that forms the obscuration band. This is at least partially related to the high melting temperatures of the
Ceramic enamels. Typically all Ceramic Enamels comprise fluxes, for lowering the melting point of the ceramic enamels to a level which is adjusted to the temperature at which the glass is processed. For tempered glass this is in the range of 500 to 800 degrees Celsius. For semi tempered or annealed laminated bended glass fluxes are added to the Ceramic enamel to lower the melting point to range of 500 - 650 degrees C. At these kind of temperatures some of the elements used for the silver coating can migrate and thus react with the elements used in the ceramic enamel. Moreover, it is also conceivable that elements of the Ceramic enamel migrate to the silver coating. This is undesired since it may damage the reflective properties or even damage the functional film/layer. Ceramic enamels may comprise additives to withstand acid rains, salted roads, extreme climates, but also comprise additives to adjust colours, or treated to be adjusted for manufacturing processes (e.g., press-bending, such that the bending tool touches the hot ceramic enamel and may not stick to the tool, requires additives in ceramic enamel to prevent from sticking to the tool or mated glass sheet during paired bending).
Said incompatibility of the Ceramic enamels to Silver sputtered coatings may be caused by migrating elements, in particular at high temperatures such as is the case during for example bending of glass, from the Ceramic enamel to the sputtered coating and attacking and/or reacting with the sputtered molecules material on the glass. This may cause a blurry or a sandblasted appearance of the glass, but also cause changes in colour to yellow, red, or greenish may occur in the (originally) black ceramic and/or silver coating. This may be caused by a change of thickness in the layers between the silver layers as these layers are adjusted to a certain thickness of filtering out a corresponding spectrum of the light, comparable to how a dichroic filter works. The colour of the silver coating may also change because the silver coating itself is altered. The silver coating can form compounds like AgCl of form Ag nanoparticles that absorb or diffract light. Silver also migrates through the stack and in some cases to the ceramic layer. These colour shifts may have variations which correspondent to a specific bending temperature of the glass.
To reduce the loss of infrared reflective properties of the reflective layer, e.g., a dielectric ceramic, such as Si3N4 may be deposited between the ceramic enamel and the layer of silver coating.
Nowadays, if a Silver based sputtered infrared reflective IRR coating is used in a laminated automotive glass. Said silver coating (IRR coating) is commonly placed on Face 3, which is the first face (outwardly facing side) of a second glass (inner sheet of glass). As seen in a direction going from outside to the inside. Hence,
Face 1 may be contemplated as the face of the outer glass sheet, which is in contact with the rain, Face 4 on the other hand is the face of the inner glass sheet facing into the cabin.
It is a first goal to provide for an automotive window laminate that is able to withstand a higher infrared or heat load without damaging the active and/or passive film or layer.
it is a second goal of the present invention to provide for an automotive window laminate comprising a silver-based coating that is less sensitive to corrosion. 5 The present invention thereto proposes an automotive window laminate structure, comprising an inner glass sheet, and an outer glass sheet, said inner glass sheet and outer glass sheet situated substantially parallel and mutually spaced apart, the inner glass sheet and outer glass sheet each comprising an inward facing surface and an outward facing surface, preferably at least one thermoplastic laminated sheet structure, said thermoplastic laminated sheet structure at least partially, preferably substantially entirely placed between the outward facing surface of the inner glass sheet and the inward facing surface of the outer glass sheet, at least one reflective coating, in particular a heat and/or infrared reflective coating, said reflective coating provided on at least a portion of the inward facing surface of the outer glass sheet, at least one ceramic band, stretching along at least a portion of the perimeter of the inward facing surface of the outer glass sheet, wherein the at least one reflective coating and the at least one ceramic band at least partially overlap, and wherein at least a portion of the at least one ceramic band stretches beyond the perimeter of the at least one reflective coating.
In respect of the present invention, the inward facing surface of the outer glass sheet and the inner glass sheet may otherwise be referred to as Face 2 and Face 4 respectively. Also, the outward facing surface of the outer glass sheet and the inner glass sheet may otherwise be referred to as Face 1 and Face 3 respectively. The ceramic band may also be referred to as an obscuration band or layer. By applying the heat and/or infrared reflective coating onto Face 2 an optimal heat reflection may be realized. That is, where according to prior art the reflective layer is located on e.g., Face 3 or at least below (seen from outside inward) the ceramic band, heat may penetrate the automotive window laminate further. At least a part of the heat or infrared light is blocked already before it has been absorbed by the ceramic band.
This may prevent that the ceramic band reaches temperatures that causes migration and/or reaction of elements between the infrared coating and the ceramic band. This may as such significantly reduce the infrared and/or heat load that reaches the functional film/layer of the automotive window laminate structure, since the reflective coating is located prior to the sunlight reaches said film or layer. The amount of energy that is absorbed by the obscuration band may as such be reduced, since the reflective coating is located outside (seen from outside inward) of the ceramic band. This is in particular of benefit if sensitive functional films or layers are incorporated in the window laminate. At least in a region where the reflective coating and ceramic band overlap. This may be understood as the ceramic band being provided below (seen in a direction from outside inward) of the reflective coating. As such, at least a part of sunlight travelling from outside inwardly into the window laminate is blocked, at least partially, by the reflective coating prior to hitting (and being absorbed as heat) by the ceramic band. Hence, it is preferred that the reflective coating is applied directly on the inward facing surface of the outer glass sheet (Face 2). Preferably, at least a portion of the ceramic band, in particular said overlap with the reflective coating, is applied onto the reflective coating, such that (seen from outside inward), the ceramic band is located below the reflective coating. Preferably, at least a portion of the ceramic band is applied directly onto the inward facing surface of the outer glass sheet. In particular, it is preferred that the portion of the ceramic band that stretches beyond the perimeter of the at least one reflective coating is applied directly on Face 2 of the window laminate, hence on the inward facing surface of the outer glass sheet.
As such, at least that portion of the ceramic band may locally seal the reflective coating. This may be caused by the property of the ceramic band to be more impermeable compared to the reflective coating. That is, the ceramic band thus overlaps the reflective coating and extends beyond it along at least a portion of the perimeter, and as such locally encapsulates the reflective coating. Alternatively it may be stated that said ceramic band stretches to a portion of the inward facing surface of the outer glass sheet that is free of reflective coating. ii is also conceivable that the reflective coating covers essentially the entire inward facing surface of the outer glass sheet (Face 2). In such an instance, extending beyond the perimeter may be understood as the ceramic band stretching toward a side edge of the (outer) glass sheet, and hence as such also locally sealing said reflective coating. The difference being that the seal is established on the side surface of the glass sheet. However, the ceramic bad may be applied relatively thin (between 10 to 100 mu), and hence have a relatively low impact on the dimensions.
This allows the present invention to provide for an automotive window laminate structure that is able withstand higher heat or infrared loads that hit the window.
This is due to the reflective coating being provided on Face 2 of the window laminate, which prevents the ceramic band from reaching temperatures that cause migration of elements and/or particles and that cause damage to the functional layer. Moreover, the present invention also provides for a better seal of the silver- based coating (if applied) since the ceramic band possesses good sealing properties, allowing the ceramic band to seal said silver coating since it extends beyond said coating in order to provide for an (preferably impermeable) seal.
Preferably, an edge along at least a portion of the perimeter of at least one of the inner glass sheet and/or outer glass sheet is rounded and/or bevelled and/or chamfered. In this respect, the bevelled edge may be at least partially upwardly inclined and/or outwardly inclined. Additionally, the bevel may be provided on either the inward facing surface and/or the outward facing surface of the inner glass sheet and/or outer glass sheet. Preferably, the edge of each of the inner glass sheet and outer glass sheet is at least partially provided with a rounded edge, preferably along the entire perimeter thereof. This may provide for a better distribution of stresses in the glass sheets. In this respect, it is preferred that the ceramic band stretches along at least a part of the perimeter of the outer glass sheet until a portion of the rounded and/or bevelled portion. That is, the edges of the ceramic band may be partially bended and/or folded along the edge of the glass sheet, in particular such as to encapsulate the reflective coating in order to provide for a seal. It is preferred that said rounded and/or bevelled and/or chamfered portion is essentially free of reflective coating. As such, providing the ceramic band to stretch until the bevelled or rounded or chamfered portion may provide that the ceramic band stretches beyond said reflective coating and as such provide for a seal thereof. Sealing the reflective coating may prevent that moisture penetrates said coating and damages it. Hence it is preferred that the at least one ceramic band at least partially overlaps with said rounded and/or bevelled portion. Rounding or bevelling or chamfering may be applied after applying the reflective coating of the window laminate. The process of applying rounding or bevelling or chamfering also provides an edge of the glass sheet that is free of coating. Hence, it may ensure to provide for a portion of the glass sheet that is free of reflective coating and as such allow the ceramic band to form a seal or to a part of a seal.
According to a different embodiment, the at least one ceramic band stretches at least its own thickness in length beyond the reflective coating. It is also conceivable that the at least one ceramic band stretches at least the thickness of the reflective coating in length beyond the reflective coating. This may ensure a sufficiently applied seal in respect of the at least one reflective coating. Said reflective coating may be applied in a thickness of about 200 nm to 900 nm, preferably around 250 nm. By allowing the ceramic band to stretch beyond the reflective coating in at least its own thickness it is ensured that the ceramic band seals the reflective coating.
That is due to the fact that the ceramic layer is typically thicker compared to the reflective coating. Hence, as such it is ensured that in fact the ceramic band is adhered to a portion of the outer sheet of glass which is free of reflective coating to provide for the needed seal. Preferably the at least one ceramic band has an average thickness situated between about 15 mu and 50 mu, preferably about 35 mu. This thickness has proven to provide for sufficiently low light transmittance in case of a black ceramic band. It is conceivable that a thicker ceramic band may be applied, having a greater average thickness, in case a different colour ceramic band is applied. A thickness of up to three times the aforementioned thickness may be conceivable when applying a different ceramic colour. Hence, the at least one ceramic band may stretch at least 15 mu beyond the reflective coating. This is significantly shorter compared to conventional techniques, where a bonding layer provides for sealing the reflective coating. Typically, a bonding layer seal requires to stretch at least 6mm, but preferably 15 mm beyond the coating. Hence the present invention allows the reflective coating to stretch further to the edge of the glass sheet, and hence having a larger effective usable surface area and an improved aesthetic appearance.
Preferably, the at least one reflective coating is an infrared and/or heat reflective coating. Infrared and heat are two of the dominant factors that accelerate degradation of the automotive window laminate. To this end it is preferred that said reflective coating is at least configured for reflecting heat and/or infrared radiation to prevent heating of the ceramic band. It is imaginable that the reflective coating is applied on the entire inward facing surface of the outer glass sheet. Entire inward facing surface may be understood as the entire plane up till the rounded or bevelled edge (if applied). By applying the reflective coating on the entire inward facing surface of the outer glass sheet (Face 2) an even reflection of heat and/or infrared radiation may be achieved. Preferably, said reflective coating ensures the ceramic band does not exceed a temperature of about 70 degrees Celsius, plus or minus 10 degrees Celsius, preferably plus or minus 5 degrees Celsius. This may have a big influence of the expected lifetime of the automotive window laminate, in particular of the functional film or layer. Since the ceramic band typically heats up significantly more that the remainder of the window laminate, in particular the central portion, a temperature gradient may as such be reduced. Where, according to the prior art the ceramic band may reach temperatures in excess of 90 degrees Celsius, where the remainder of the window laminate may only reach temperatures of typically maximum 60 degrees Celsius, a 30 degrees Celsius gradient is present where the ceramic band is provided. The present invention may reduce said gradient to only a 10 degrees Celsius gradient. This may reduce induced stresses in the laminate, in particular in the transition region where the ceramic band is applied, which is beneficial for the lifespan of the window laminate as such. Typically two ways of applying a reflective coating are usable. First of all pyrolytic coatings, which may be applied in the float glass process while glass is still hot from the molten state. in this state glass may be pulled over a bath of liquid Tin, before annealing coatings can be sprayed onto the hot surface to fuse with the glass layer. Pyrolytic coatings have
Infrared reflective and emissivity reducing (low-e) properties which are relatively hard and durable. The fused coatings are not sensitive for most outside ambient conditions and are known for being compatible with some Ceramic enamels fused on their coating. A non-limitative example of an Ceramic enamel that may be used for the present invention is available by the Fenzi group, such as type XLM54S-
IRP0O1. As an alternative method magnetron sputtered coatings may be applied, which may otherwise be referred to as Physical vapor deposition (PVD). PVD coatings are applied only after the glass is produced, by means of a vacuum chamber and electric charged cathode shooting atoms into a plasma surrounded magnetic field onto the glass surface. Sputtered coatings comprise metal and dielectric layers forming an infrared reflective layer, which is soft and has lower durability in terms of permeability in outside ambient conditions, such as moisture.
Especially when elements are used that are prone to contact with moisture, such as
Silver (ag). Sputtered coatings are also known for being incompatible to black ceramic enamels fused on their coating. To this end, it is preferred that the at least one reflective coating is preferably free of zinc and/or zinc Oxide (ZnO). By applying the reflective coating that is free of zinc and/or zinc oxide, it may be easier to apply the ceramic band to the reflective coating. As such, incompatibility risks are being reduced. Instead of zinc and/or zinc oxides, titanium and/or titanium (dijoxides may be used to fulfil the functionality. The benefit of sealing the reflective coating with the ceramic band are maintained. it is preferred that the at least one ceramic band stretches beyond the at least one reflective coating along the entire perimeter of the at least one reflective coating. As such, essentially the entire at least one reflective coating is sealed by means of the ceramic band, which is of great benefit for maintaining the properties of the functional layer. Also, by sealing the essentially the entire reflective coating by means of the ceramic band, the need for applying a specific seal in said region is eliminated. Hence, cost may be reduced in production. Additionally, a reduced weight of the automotive window laminate may be achieved since there is no need for providing an alternative seal by means of different or additional materials.
According to the present invention, it is not required to provide for edge deletion of the reflective coating. That is, the reflective coating may optionally stretch to the perimeter of the glass sheet. Since it is not required for the edge of the reflective coating to be removed locally, an entire production step may be eliminated, which may allow for a faster process, and also a simpler window laminate. Preferably, the at least one ceramic band seals, preferably impermeably seals, the at least one reflective coating, in particular the perimeter thereof.
According to a preferred embodiment the at least one reflective coating comprises silver particles, such as AgCl, and/or Ag nanoparticles, in particular at least one
Agi coating. Yet, it is also conceivable that an Ag2, Ag3, Ag4 coating is provided as a reflective coating. In this respect Agx coating may be contemplated as a silver- based coating wherein “x” may refer to the number of passes by a sputter machine.
It is also conceivable that a dielectric coating is provided locally on the silver-based coating. Said dielectric coating may for example be a dielectric ceramic, such as
Si3N4. preferably, said dielectric coating is provided between the silver based reflective coating and the ceramic band. This may resolve compatibility issues arising between the reflective coating and the ceramic band.
Preferably, the at least one ceramic band is in particular a ceramic enamel band.
Preferably said ceramic band, in particular said ceramic enamel comprises at least one additive chosen from the group consisting of: aluminium, bismuth, boron, calcium, lead, lithium, magnesium, silicon, titanium, sodium, potassium, tin, oxides, zine, zirconium, nickel-chromium, iron-oxide, manganese-oxide, chromium-oxides, and/or boron-trioxide. Preferably, zinc and zinc oxides, and zirconium are not used.
Preferably, instead of zinc and/or zinc oxides, titanium and/or titanium (di)oxides may be used to fulfil the functionality. Additives for colouring the Ceramic may be chosen from oxides containing elements like; aluminium, bismuth, boron, calcium,
Gold, lead, lithium, magnesium, silicon, titanium, sodium, Platinum potassium, tin, or oxides of the aforementioned. Preferably, the ceramic band is free of bismuth.
Preferably, said ceramic band is free of zinc and zinc oxides, and zirconium. The black pigment may comprise NiCr, Fe oxides, Mn oxides, Cr oxides, and fluxes like
Boron-Trioxide may be added to lower melting point.
For establishing a high degree of compatibility between the reflective coating and the ceramic band, the ceramic band preferably comprises a high degree of noble metal.
There are some particular examples of compatible reflective coating and ceramic bands. Preferably, when the ceramic band, in particular the ceramic enamel comprises bismuth, the reflective coating is essentially free of zinc. A particular composition of aforementioned situation wherein the ceramic band comprises bismuth, the reflective coating — seen from outside inwardly — comprises a first layer of silicon nitride (Si3N4), in particular 410 A, a second layer of Nickel (NB, in particular 7 A, a third layer of Silver (Ag), in particular 100 A, a fourth layer of Nickel (Ni), in particular 7 A, a fifth layer of silicon nitride (Si3N4), in particular 900 A, a sixth layer of Nickel (Ni), in particular 7 A, an seventh layer of Silver (Ag), in particular 100 A, an eighth layer of Nickel (Ni), in particular 7 A, a nineth layer silicon nitride (Si3N4), in particular 410 A. Subsequently, a ceramic band which may thus comprise bismuth, may be embodied by a ceramic that is known as
Johnson Matthey L6029-IR. This particular, non-limitative embodiment has proven to be compatible for use in the present invention.
Yet, as an alternative, when the reflective coating comprises zinc, the ceramic band is preferably essentially free of bismuth. In this respect, any zinc comprising reflective coating may be applied, wherein particular compatible ceramic bands may at least partially, preferably entirely be embodied by for example AGC Super
Iris Ag3 coating and/or for example Jetlux F5496128M Platinum glass/ceramic paint.
Preferably the thermoplastic laminated sheet structure comprises at least one functional layer, having an upper and lower surface, preferably wherein the at least one functional layer comprises at least two thermoplastic layers, and at least one film layer, in particular a functional film or layer, between the at least two thermoplastic layers, and at least two bonding layers, wherein the at least two bonding layers at least partially cover the upper and lower surfaces of the at least one functional layer.
The present invention is furthermore related to a glass sheet for use in an automotive window laminate according to the present invention. The present invention is also related to a method for producing an automotive window laminate structure, preferably according to the present invention, comprising the steps of: a) providing an inner glass sheet and an outer glass sheet, said inner glass sheet and outer glass sheet each comprising an inward facing surface and an outward facing surface, b) providing at least one reflective coating onto at least a portion of the inward facing surface of the outer glass sheet, c) sealing at least a portion of the perimeter of the at least one reflective coating, d) providing a thermoplastic laminated sheet structure between the inner glass sheet and outer glass sheets.
According to a preferred embodiment, during step c¢), said portion of the perimeter is sealed through step e) providing at least one ceramic band along at least a portion of the perimeter of the inward facing surface of the outer glass sheet.
Preferably, wherein during step e), at least a part of the ceramic band overlaps the reflective coating applied during step b), and wherein at least a portion of the at least one ceramic band stretches beyond the perimeter of the at least one reflective coating applied during step b). It is conceivable that, during step ¢) the entire perimeter of the at least one reflective coating is sealed, in particular impermeably sealed. Optionally, the method comprises the step of: f) providing a bevel and/or rounding on at least a portion of the edge of at least one of the inner glass sheet and/or outer glass sheet.
The benefits as disclosed in relation to the automotive window laminate structure are also applicable with respect to the method for producing an automotive window laminate structure and glass sheet, and are herewith incorporated by reference with respect thereto.
The present invention will hereinafter be further elucidated based on the following drawings, wherein: - Figure 1 shows a cross sectional view of an automotive window laminate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; - Figure 2 shows a portion of the automotive window laminate according to a different embodiment; and - Figure 3a-3e show a part of the production process of an automotive window laminate structure according to the invention.
Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of an automotive window laminate 1 according to the present invention. For illustrative purposes merely a portion of the automotive window laminate 1 is shown. The cross sections as shown in this figure allows to elaborate more on the inventive concept of the present invention. As it is the goal of the present invention to provide for an automotive window laminate 1 which is able to reduce the amount of heat absorbed by the window, the embodiment shown provides for an inventive solution. The figure shows the cross section comprising an outer glass sheet 2, and an inner glass sheet 3, which outer glass sheet 2 and inner glass sheet 3 are mutually parallel and situated at a distance of one another.
Each of the outer glass sheet 2 and inner glass sheet comprises respectively an inward facing surface 2a, 3a, and an outward facing surface 2b, 3b. In this respect, the outward facing surface 2b of the outer glass sheet 2 may be referred to as Face 1 of the window laminate, and the inward facing surface 2a of the outer glass sheet 2 as Face 2. Similarly the outward facing surface 3b of the inner glass sheet 3 may be referred to as Face 3 of the window laminate, and the inward facing surface 3a of the inner glass sheet 3 as Face 4. Between said outer glass sheet 2 and inner glass sheet 3 a thermoplastic laminated sheet structure 4 is provided. Said thermoplastic laminated sheet structure 4 comprises at least one functional layer 5 preferably comprising at least one film layer such as a polymer-dispersed liquid- crystal device, and/or a suspended-particle devices, and/or an electrochromic device, and/or micro-blinds, and/or passive functional layer. Said film layer may be deposited between two thermoplastic layers, wherein said thermoplastic layers may atleast partially be composed out of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), or Tri Acetate Cellulose (TAC). lt is conceivable that at least one side of at least one thermoplastic layer is provided with a conductive coating, preferably indium Tin Oxide (ITO). Around at least a portion of the perimeter of the functional layer 5 a frame layer 7 is provided. Said frame layer 7 may be at least partially be formed out of a separate material, but may also be formed by an inactive portion of the functional layer 5. Said frame layer 7 is configured to provide for a proper seal of the functional layer 5. This is especially preferred in case of thicker types of functional layers 5. On either side of the functional layer 5 and the frame layer 7 a bonding layer 6 is applied. Said bonding layers 6 allow to adhere the functional film to the sheets of glass 2, 3. In order to provide for a better heat and/or infrared radiation resistance, the present invention is provided with a reflective coating 8. Said reflective coating 8 preferably comprises Silver. Preferably, the at least one reflective coating comprises silver particles, such as AgCl, and/or Ag nanoparticles, in particular at least one Ag1 coating. Yet, it is also conceivable that an Ag2, Ag3, Ag4 coating is provided as a reflective coating. Silver based coatings are one of the preferred options since they have a decent infrared reflective property.
The inventive concept according to the present invention lies in the fact that said reflective coating 8 is provided on Face 2 of the automotive window laminate 1, hence on the inward facing surface 2a of the outer glass sheet 2. As such, a beam of sunlight and/or infrared radiation 12 hitting the outer sheet of glass 2 passes through said outer glass sheet 2, and is to a significant extend reflected by the reflective coating 8. Hence, the incoming sunlight and/or infrared radiation 12 is largely reflected back in outwardly reflections 13. Only a small fraction of the incoming sunlight and/or infrared 12, an inward reflection 14, is able to pass through the reflective coating 8. As such, only the inward reflections 14 are able to heat up components situated below said reflective coating 8. In particular a ceramic band 9 that is provided around a portion of the perimeter of at least the outer glass sheet 2 will as a result of said reflective coating 8 heat up less. This is to a great extent due to the fact that said reflective coating 8 is situated {seen in a direction from outwards to inwards) above the ceramic band 9. Said reflective band may cover a portion of the thermoplastic laminated sheet structure 4, in particular an area comprising an electronic connection and/or a frame layer 7. it is desired to reduce the amount of heat that is absorbed and/or transferred into the interior portion of the window laminate 1. Said interior portion may be seen as the thermoplastic laminate 4 and the ceramic band 9. Said ceramic band 9 may in particular be prone to higher temperatures since it is often black in colour. Hence, if none of the incoming rays of sunlight and/or incoming infrared is blocked, it may absorb a significant portion as heat, raising its temperature. Said ceramic band 9 may, if no reflective coating 8 is provided on Face 2, reach temperatures of above 90 degrees Celsius. The present invention may cause a reduction of the maximum temperature to around 60 to 70 degrees Celsius, under the same conditions. The ceramic band 9 stretches beyond the reflective coating 8, until a portion of the edge 11 of the glass sheet 2, 3 that is essentially free of reflective coating. This allows the ceramic band to locally prevent moisture from coming into contact with the reflective coating 8. Preferably, said ceramic band 9 as such seals the reflective coating 8. The ceramic band 9 preferably stretches beyond the reflective coating 8 for around 15 mu — 50 mu, hence only a small fraction is sufficient to seal the reflective coating 8. This may be due to the properties of the ceramic band. In this figure the edges 11 of the outer glass sheet 2 and inner glass sheet 3 are rounded.
Figure 2 shows an alternative of a glass sheet 2, 3 according to the present invention. In this particular figure an example of the outer glass sheet 2 is shown, but said shape may also be used in respect of the inner glass sheet 3. However, in order to provide further insight as to how to apply the inventive concept for a different glass edge shape the outer glass sheet 2 is shown here. The edge 11 of glass sheet 2 in this figure is straight, and may form a substantially perpendicular angle with respect to the outward facing surface 2b and the inward facing surface 2a of the outer glass sheet 2. A reflective coating 8 is provided on the inward facing surface 2a of the glass sheet 2. in this embodiment, the reflective coating 8 is applied on essentially the entire inward facing surface 2a of the glass sheet 2. This may e.g. be done prior to further processing of the glass sheet 2. lt is also imaginable that large sheets of glass are provided with a reflective coating 8, such as any coating according to the invention, wherein after application of the reflective coating 8 the large sheets of glass are cut into a sheet to be used. This may yield that, as shown in this figure, the reflective coating 8 stretches all the way to the edge 11 of the glass sheet 2 since this reflects the cut line. However, it still remains possible to prevent the reflective coating 8 to be in contact with an external environment, and hence with moisture. In this respect, a ceramic band 9 may be provided which stretches until the edge 11 of the glass sheet 2. Since the ceramic band 9 preferably stretches beyond the reflective coating 8 in at least its own thickness, and due to the fact that the reflective coating is normally an order of magnitude thinner, it may be ensured that the ceramic band 9 indeed stretches until a portion of the edge 11 of the glass sheet 2 that is free of reflective coating 8. As such, the portion of the ceramic band 9 that is adhered to the portion of the edge 11 that is free of reflective coating may seal the reflective coating 8. This may contribute to the life span of the window laminate 1.
Figures 3a-3e show a part of the method according to the present invention. In this respect, figure 3a shows a first step wherein a sheet of glass 2 is provided.
Although in figure 3a an outer glass sheet is shown, it is also conceivable that at this step an inner glass sheet 3 is provided for. During the subsequent step, shown in figure 3b a coating 8 is applied, in particular a reflective coating 8 is applied on an inward facing surface 2a of the outer glass sheet 2. The reflective coating 8 is applied on substantially the entire inward facing surface 2a of the outer glass sheet 2. As such, the entire window laminate may have good reflective properties. In the step shown in figure 3c an edge 11 of the outer glass sheet 2 is rounded. Rounding the edge 11 of the glass sheet 2 may provide for better distribution of stresses in the glass sheet 2. These stresses may for example be introduced during a bending process. For illustrative purposes, the glass sheet and window laminate shown in figure 3 are shown in horizontal orientation, although it is conceivable that the sheet 2 or laminate 1 is slightly curved. During step shown in figure 3d a ceramic band 9 is provided onto the outer glass sheet 2. Said ceramic band 9 is in particular applied such as to overlap partially with said reflective coating 8, but also extending beyond said reflective coating 8 onto a portion of the edge 11 of the glass sheet 2 that is essentially free of reflective coating. Where it is mentioned in this application that a portion of the glass sheet 2 is free of reflective coating, this may be understood as said portion being free or made free of reflective coating. lt is however preferred to eliminate the step of removing said coating 8 locally since this reduces production times. In this respect, the ceramic band 9 as shown in figure 3d stretches until a part of the rounded edge 11 that is free of reflective coating 8. This allows to seal off the reflective coating 8 from moisture by means of the ceramic band. Thus, figures 3a-3d show the subsequent steps of preparing an outer glass sheet 2 according to the present invention, wherein figure 3e shows an assembled automotive window laminate 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Below (seen in direction outward to inward) the outer glass sheet 2 a thermoplastic laminated sheet structure 4 is provided. Said thermoplastic laminated sheet structure 4 comprises two bonding layer 6 and a functional film 5 as described in the present application. Optionally, an inward facing surface 3 of the inner glass sheet 3 may also be provided with a ceramic band 9. As such, the connection and frame layer 7 of the thermoplastic laminated sheet structure 4 that are present along the perimeter of the sheet structure 4 may be hidden from sight of a driver.
The above-described inventive concepts are illustrated by several illustrative embodiments. It is conceivable that individual inventive concepts, including inventive details, may be applied without, in so doing, also applying other details of the described example. it is not necessary to elaborate on examples of all conceivable combinations of the above-described inventive concepts, as a person skilled in the art will understand numerous inventive concepts can be (rejcombined in order to arrive at a specific application and/or alternative embodiment.
The ordinal numbers used in this document, like “first”, “second”, and “third” are used only for identification purposes. Hence, the use of expressions like a “second” component, does therefore not necessarily require the co-presence of a “first” component.
Claims (19)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2032757A NL2032757B1 (en) | 2022-08-16 | 2022-08-16 | Automotive window laminate structure, glass sheet for use in a laminate, and method for producing an automotive window laminate structure |
| PCT/NL2023/050423 WO2024039242A1 (en) | 2022-08-16 | 2023-08-11 | Automotive window laminate structure, glass sheet for use in a laminate, and method for producing an automotive window laminate structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2032757A NL2032757B1 (en) | 2022-08-16 | 2022-08-16 | Automotive window laminate structure, glass sheet for use in a laminate, and method for producing an automotive window laminate structure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NL2032757B1 true NL2032757B1 (en) | 2024-02-21 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2032757A NL2032757B1 (en) | 2022-08-16 | 2022-08-16 | Automotive window laminate structure, glass sheet for use in a laminate, and method for producing an automotive window laminate structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| NL (1) | NL2032757B1 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0997266A1 (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2000-05-03 | SOCIETA' ITALIANA VETRO - SIV - S.p.A. | Glazing panels |
| US20120307337A1 (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2012-12-06 | Pittsburgh Glass Works, Llc | Switchable automotive glazing |
| US20210340060A1 (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2021-11-04 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Process for obtaining a material comprising a glass sheet |
| WO2021254976A1 (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2021-12-23 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Composite pane |
-
2022
- 2022-08-16 NL NL2032757A patent/NL2032757B1/en active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0997266A1 (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2000-05-03 | SOCIETA' ITALIANA VETRO - SIV - S.p.A. | Glazing panels |
| US20120307337A1 (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2012-12-06 | Pittsburgh Glass Works, Llc | Switchable automotive glazing |
| US20210340060A1 (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2021-11-04 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Process for obtaining a material comprising a glass sheet |
| WO2021254976A1 (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2021-12-23 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Composite pane |
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