EP4221978A1 - Composite pane - Google Patents

Composite pane

Info

Publication number
EP4221978A1
EP4221978A1 EP21785877.8A EP21785877A EP4221978A1 EP 4221978 A1 EP4221978 A1 EP 4221978A1 EP 21785877 A EP21785877 A EP 21785877A EP 4221978 A1 EP4221978 A1 EP 4221978A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pane
outside surface
coating
laminated
applied directly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21785877.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Stephan GILLESSEN
Lisa SCHMADTKE
Jefferson DO ROSARIO
Robert Besler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE202020105642.5U external-priority patent/DE202020105642U1/en
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of EP4221978A1 publication Critical patent/EP4221978A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a general shape other than plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/02—Layer formed of wires, e.g. mesh
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B32B17/10211—Doped dielectric layer, electrically conductive, e.g. SnO2:F
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
    • B32B17/10229—Metallic layers sandwiched by dielectric layers
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
    • B32B17/10302—Edge sealing
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
    • B32B17/10348—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10376—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing metal wires
    • B32B17/10385—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing metal wires for ohmic resistance heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10935—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin as a preformed layer, e.g. formed by extrusion
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    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/14—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts, e.g. denser near its faces
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    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
    • C03C17/3429—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating
    • C03C17/3435—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating comprising a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
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    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3639—Multilayers containing at least two functional metal layers
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    • C03C17/3644—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the metal being silver
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    • C03C17/3673—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having electrical properties specially adapted for use in heating devices for rear window of vehicles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
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    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3681—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating being used in glazing, e.g. windows or windscreens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
    • C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/86—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
    • B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/28—Multiple coating on one surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/103—Metal fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/202—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/204—Di-electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/206—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/402—Coloured
    • B32B2307/4023—Coloured on the layer surface, e.g. ink
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/41—Opaque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412—Transparent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/414—Translucent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/416—Reflective
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B32B2307/737—Dimensions, e.g. volume or area
    • B32B2307/7375—Linear, e.g. length, distance or width
    • B32B2307/7376—Thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
    • B32B2311/02—Noble metals
    • B32B2311/08—Silver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/90—Other aspects of coatings
    • C03C2217/94—Transparent conductive oxide layers [TCO] being part of a multilayer coating
    • C03C2217/948—Layers comprising indium tin oxide [ITO]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
    • C03C2218/30—Aspects of methods for coating glass not covered above
    • C03C2218/365—Coating different sides of a glass substrate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite pane that can be heated electrically and a method for producing it.
  • Panes with an electric heating layer are known as such and have already been described many times in the patent literature. Reference is made in this context to DE 102008018147 A1, DE 102008029986 A1 and WO 00/7263 A1, merely as an example. In motor vehicles, they are often used as windscreens, since the central field of vision is not allowed to have any visual restrictions, with the exception of heating wires, due to legal requirements. The heat generated by the heating layer can remove condensed moisture, ice and snow in a short time. Such panes are usually manufactured as composite panes in which two individual panes are connected to one another by a thermoplastic adhesive layer.
  • the heating layer can be applied to one of the inner surfaces of the individual panes, although structures are also known in which it is located on a carrier which is arranged between the two individual panes.
  • a laminated pane can also be heated using heating wires.
  • a composite pane with heatable wires is disclosed in DE 103 52 464 A1.
  • State-of-the-art heatable composite panes are a major electrical consumer in a vehicle.
  • the heating element heats up and the heat is transported into the thermoplastic intermediate layer of the laminated pane, the outer pane and the inner pane by thermal conduction.
  • glass generally conducts heat better than the thermoplastic intermediate layer, the heat from the heating element arranged on the outside of the inner pane is mainly conducted to the inner pane and is hardly conducted to the outer pane via the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • Standard glass has an emissivity of around 80% to 90%.
  • EP 2 718 098 B1 describes a laminated pane with a heatable first coating and a second coating, the second coating having low emissivity, disclosed.
  • US 2009/0104385 A1 is a composite pane with a
  • Anti-reflective coating and coatings with other functionalities are disclosed.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a laminated pane which can be heated electrically and in which the heating function is improved.
  • the invention relates to a laminated pane, at least comprising a laminated stack sequence of an outer pane with an outside surface and an inside surface, an inner pane with an outside surface and an inside surface and at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer, which connects the inside surface of the outside pane to the outside surface of the inner pane connects.
  • a heatable element is applied directly to the interior surface of the outer pane or to the outside surface of the inner pane.
  • a coating reflecting heat rays is applied directly to the interior surface of the inner pane and/or a coating reflecting heat rays is applied directly to the outside surface of the outer pane.
  • the laminated pane is intended to separate an interior space in a window opening, in particular the interior space of a vehicle or a building, from the outside environment.
  • the composite pane is a laminate and comprises a first and a second glass pane, which are referred to as the outer pane and inner pane within the meaning of the invention and are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • inner pane refers to the pane facing the interior in the installed position.
  • the outer pane is the pane that faces the outside when installed.
  • the surface on the interior side is understood within the meaning of the invention as that surface of the panes which faces the interior in the installed position.
  • the outside surface or outside or outside surface
  • the surfaces of the glass panes are typically designated as follows:
  • the outside surface of the outer pane is referred to as side I.
  • the surface of the outer pane on the interior side is referred to as side II.
  • the outside surface of the inner pane is referred to as Side III.
  • the interior surface of the inner pane is referred to as side IV.
  • the interior surface II of the outer pane and the outside surface III of the inner pane face each other and are connected to one another by means of the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • a coating that reflects the heat rays is applied directly to the interior surface IV of the inner pane and/or directly to the outside surface I of the outer pane.
  • Such coatings are known, for example, from WO2013/131667A1.
  • the thermal ray reflective coating may also be referred to as a low emissivity coating, emissivity reducing coating, thermal ray reducing coating, low-E coating or low-E layer. It has the task of reflecting thermal radiation, i.e. in particular IR radiation, which has longer wavelengths than the IR component of solar radiation.
  • the thermal radiation-reflecting coating preferably extends over the entire interior surface IV of the inner pane and/or over the entire outside surface I of the outer pane.
  • the coating that reflects heat rays may extend over only part of the interior surface IV of the inner pane and/or over only part of the outside surface I of the outer pane.
  • a protective layer is applied to the thermal radiation-reflecting coating. This optional protective layer serves to protect against corrosion and/or damage.
  • the heatable element is applied directly to the outside surface III of the inner pane, and a coating that reflects heat rays is applied directly to the inside surface IV of the inner pane.
  • the heatable element is applied directly to the interior surface II of the outer pane and a thermal radiation-reflecting coating is applied directly to the interior surface IV of the inner pane.
  • the heatable element is applied directly to the interior surface II of the outer pane and a thermal radiation-reflecting coating is applied directly to the outside surface I of the outer pane.
  • the heatable element is applied directly to the outside surface III of the inner pane and a coating that reflects heat rays is applied directly to the outside surface I of the outer pane.
  • the heatable element is applied directly to the outside surface III of the inner pane, a coating that reflects heat rays is applied directly to the outside surface IV of the inner pane, and a coating that reflects heat rays is applied directly to the outside surface I of the outer pane .
  • the heatable element is applied directly to the interior surface II of the outer pane, a coating that reflects heat rays is applied directly to the outside surface IV of the inner pane, and a coating that reflects heat rays is applied directly to the outside surface I of the outer pane .
  • thermal radiation-reflecting coating When a thermal radiation-reflecting coating is arranged on the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane, this prevents inward thermal radiation from the inner pane heated by the heatable element. This reduces the emission of thermal radiation into the interior and heats the laminated pane more efficiently.
  • a thermal radiation-reflecting coating is arranged on the outside surface I of the outer pane, this prevents the thermal radiation of the outer pane heated by the heatable element to the outside. This reduces the emission of thermal radiation into the external environment and heats the laminated pane more efficiently. If a thermal radiation-reflecting coating is arranged on the interior surface IV of the inner pane and a thermal radiation-reflecting coating on the outside surface I of the outer pane, both the thermal radiation from the inner pane heated by the heatable element and the thermal radiation from the outer pane heated by the heatable element can be directed inward be prevented on the outside, so that the laminated pane is heated particularly efficiently and the release of thermal radiation into the external environment or the interior is reduced.
  • the thermal radiation-reflecting coating on the interior surface IV of the inner pane reduces the emission of thermal radiation into the interior and/or the thermal radiation-reflecting coating on the outside surface I of the outer pane reduces the emission of thermal radiation into the outer Surroundings are reduced, thereby heating the laminated pane more efficiently than prior art laminated panes.
  • the laminated panes according to the invention consume less electricity for the same heating effect than laminated panes according to the prior art. The same heating effect is achieved earlier or less power has to be provided in order to achieve the same heating effect within a certain time.
  • the thermal radiation-reflecting coating on the interior surface IV of the inner pane and/or the thermal radiation-reflecting coating on the outside surface I of the outer pane both reduce the emission of thermal radiation from the vehicle interior into the external environment when the outside temperatures are cold, and the thermal radiation or Reduced cold radiation into the vehicle interior. This reduces the so-called cold-wall effect.
  • the heatable element can be designed as a heatable coating.
  • the heatable coating preferably comprises a layer system with at least one metal layer embedded between dielectric oxide or nitride layers, in particular at least one metallic silver layer.
  • the heatable element can be designed as at least one heatable wire, with a tungsten wire being preferred.
  • the heatable element is designed as at least one tungsten wire. This means that the heatable element is particularly preferably designed as a tungsten wire or an arrangement of tungsten wires.
  • the heatable element can also be designed, for example, in the form of printed silver wires.
  • the heatable element designed as a heatable coating preferably extends over the entire interior surface II of the outer pane minus a peripheral, frame-shaped, coating-free area with a width of 1 mm to 50 cm, preferably 2 mm to 20 cm, and particularly preferably 1 cm to 20 cm , or over the entire outside surface III of the inner pane minus a peripheral, frame-shaped, coating-free area with a width of 1 mm to 50 cm, preferably 2 mm to 20 cm and particularly preferably 1 cm to 20 cm.
  • the uncoated edge area is hermetically sealed by gluing to the thermoplastic intermediate layer. This advantageously protects the heatable coating from damage and corrosion, which emanates in particular from the edge of the laminated pane.
  • the heatable coating can also extend over the entire interior surface II of the outer pane or over the entire outside surface III of the inner pane.
  • local areas that are used as communication, sensor or camera windows that are intended to ensure the transmission of electromagnetic radiation through the laminated pane are not provided with the heatable coating and/or not with the coating that reflects heat rays.
  • the heatable coating and the coating that reflects heat rays are each a transparent, functional coating that is intended to provide the pane surface with changed properties.
  • a coating is considered to be transparent if it has an average transmission in the visible spectral range of at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, and as a result does not significantly restrict the view through the vehicle window.
  • the heatable coating and the coating that reflects heat rays are each in particular a thin-layer coating, ie designed as a thin layer or thin-layer stack.
  • a heatable coating is an electrically conductive coating through which current flows when electrically contacted.
  • the electrical conductivity is provided in particular by the fact that one or more individual layers of the coating are formed as electrically conductive layers, for example based on a metal, in particular based on silver, alternatively based on gold, aluminum or copper, for example.
  • electrically conductive layers for example based on a metal, in particular based on silver, alternatively based on gold, aluminum or copper, for example.
  • dielectric layers which, for example, are intended to increase light transmission as antireflection layers, improve the crystallinity of the electrically conductive layer as adaptation layers or improve the surface structure for the overlying layers as smoothing layers.
  • Common materials for the dielectric layers include silicon nitride, titanium oxide, aluminum nitride, tin oxide, zinc oxide, tin-zinc mixed oxide, and silicon oxide.
  • the thickness of an electrically conductive layer of the heatable coating is preferably from 5 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably from 8 nm to 25 nm. In this range for the thickness of the electrically conductive layer, an advantageously high transmission in the visible spectral range and a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity reached.
  • At least one dielectric layer is typically arranged in each case between two adjacent electrically conductive layers of the heatable coating.
  • a further dielectric layer is preferably arranged below the first and/or above the last electrically conductive layer.
  • a dielectric layer contains at least a single layer of a dielectric material, for example a nitride such as silicon nitride or an oxide such as aluminum oxide.
  • the dielectric layer can also comprise a plurality of individual layers, for example individual layers of a dielectric material, smoothing layers, matching layers, blocking layers and/or antireflection layers.
  • the thickness of a dielectric layer is, for example, from 10 nm to 200 nm.
  • This layer structure is generally obtained by a sequence of deposition operations carried out by a vacuum process such as magnetic field-assisted sputtering.
  • Heatable coatings are known, for example, from WO2013/104438 A1, WO20 13/104439 A1 or WO 2016/020113 A1.
  • the heatable coating can, for example, also be one of the conductive coatings described in WO 2019/179683 A1 or WO 2020/094422 A1.
  • the thermal radiation-reflecting coating preferably comprises a functional layer containing a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), preferably indium tin oxide (ITO, indium tin oxide), tin oxide doped with antimony or fluorine and/or zinc oxide doped with gallium and/or aluminum (ZnO : Ga, or ZnO: AI), with indium tin oxide being preferred.
  • TCO transparent conductive oxide
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • ZnO Ga, or ZnO: AI
  • indium tin oxide being preferred.
  • the functional layer can also contain other electrically conductive oxides, for example fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F), antimony-doped tin oxide (SnO2:Sb), indium-zinc mixed oxide (IZO), gallium-doped or aluminum-doped zinc oxide, niobium-doped titanium oxide, cadmium stannate and/or zinc stannate.
  • fluorine-doped tin oxide SnO2:F
  • antimony-doped tin oxide SnO2:Sb
  • indium-zinc mixed oxide IZO
  • gallium-doped or aluminum-doped zinc oxide niobium-doped titanium oxide
  • cadmium stannate cadmium stannate
  • zinc stannate zinc stannate
  • the indium tin oxide is preferably deposited by means of magnetic field-assisted sputtering with an indium tin oxide target.
  • the target preferably contains from 75% by weight to 95% by weight of indium oxide and from 5% by weight to 25% by weight of tin oxide as well as admixtures caused by production.
  • the tin-doped indium oxide is preferably deposited under a protective gas atmosphere, for example argon. A small proportion of oxygen can also be added to the protective gas, for example to improve the homogeneity of the functional layer.
  • the target may preferably contain at least from 75% to 95% by weight indium and from 5% to 25% by weight tin.
  • the indium tin oxide is then preferably deposited with the addition of oxygen as reaction gas during cathode sputtering.
  • the thermally reflective coating also typically includes dielectric layers, formed in particular from dielectric oxides or nitrides, such as ZnO, SnZnO, AlN, TiO2, SiO2 or SisN ⁇ to ensure sufficiently low reflection from the inside.
  • dielectric oxides or nitrides such as ZnO, SnZnO, AlN, TiO2, SiO2 or SisN ⁇ to ensure sufficiently low reflection from the inside.
  • the emissivity of the pane according to the invention can be influenced by the thickness of the functional layer of the thermal radiation-reflecting coating.
  • the thickness of the functional layer is preferably 40 nm to 200 nm, particularly preferably 60 nm to 150 nm and very particularly preferably 65 nm to 85 nm, for example about 75 nm. In this range for the thickness, particularly advantageous values for the emissivity and a particularly advantageous ability of the thermal radiation-reflective coating to undergo a mechanical transformation such as bending or prestressing without damage survive, achieved.
  • the interior-side emissivity of the laminated pane according to the invention is preferably less than or equal to 50%, particularly preferably from 10% to 50%, very particularly preferably from 10% to 35%.
  • Interior-side emissivity is the measure that indicates how much heat radiation the pane emits in the installed position compared to an ideal heat radiator (a black body) in an interior space, for example a building or a vehicle.
  • emissivity is understood to mean the normal degree of emission at 283 K according to the EN 12898 standard.
  • the heatable element which as described above can be in the form of a heatable coating or heatable wires, is connected to a voltage source in order to conduct an electric current through the heatable element, which heats up as a result.
  • Suitable voltages are the on-board voltages customary in the vehicle sector, for example 12 V to 14 V or typical on-board voltages of up to 500 V for electric vehicles.
  • the heatable element is preferably provided with busbars, which are Voltage source can be connected.
  • the busbars can, for example, be in the form of printed and burned-in conductors, typically in the form of a burned screen-printing paste with glass frits and silver particles.
  • strips of an electrically conductive foil can also be used as busbars, which are placed or glued onto the heatable coating or the ends of the heatable wires, for example copper foil or aluminum foil.
  • the two busbars are positioned near two opposite edges of the laminated pane, such as the top and bottom edges.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is formed by one or more thermoplastic polymer films.
  • the thermoplastic films preferably contain polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU) and/or mixtures thereof and/or copolymers thereof, particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral.
  • the films are preferably based on the materials mentioned, but may contain other components, for example plasticizers, colorants, IR or UV absorbers, preferably in a proportion of less than 50%.
  • the individual polymer films in particular the PVB films, preferably have a thickness of about 0.025 mm (25 ⁇ m) to 1 mm, in particular from 25 ⁇ m to 125 ⁇ m and from 0.3 mm to 1 mm, for example 50 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m, 0.38mm or 0.76mm.
  • Other properties of the laminated glass pane can be influenced via the thickness of the foils. For example, thicker PVB films bring about improved soundproofing, especially if they contain an acoustically effective core, increased burglary resistance of the laminated glass pane and also increased protection against ultraviolet radiation (UV protection).
  • UV protection ultraviolet radiation
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer is formed from one or more polyvinyl butyral films.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer can be a functional intermediate layer, in particular an intermediate layer with acoustically damping properties, an intermediate layer that is tinted at least in sections and/or an intermediate layer that is colored at least in sections.
  • the outer pane and/or the inner pane can be made of glass and/or polymers, preferably soda-lime glass, alkali aluminosilicate glass, polycarbonate and/or polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are made of glass.
  • Suitable glass sheets include glass sheets known by the trade names Planiclear and Planilux (each clear glass), VG10, VG20, VG40 or TSANx, TSA3+, TSA4+ from Saint-Gobain, the glasses of the VG series being grey-tinted glasses and bei those of the TSA series are green colored lenses.
  • the outer pane and/or the inner pane preferably have a thickness of 0.5 mm to 4 mm, particularly preferably a thickness of 1.6 mm to 2.1 mm.
  • the outer pane and/or the inner pane can have a constant thickness or can also be slightly wedge-shaped.
  • the outer pane, the inner pane and the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer can be clear and colorless, but can also be tinted or colored. the In a preferred embodiment, the total transmission through the laminated glass is greater than 70%.
  • the term total transmission refers to the procedure specified by ECE-R 43, Appendix 3, Section 9.1 for testing the light transmittance of motor vehicle windows.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane can be unprestressed, partially prestressed or prestressed independently of one another. If at least one of the panes is to have a prestress, this can be a thermal or chemical prestress.
  • the laminated pane is preferably curved in one or more spatial directions, as is customary for motor vehicle panes, with typical radii of curvature being in the range from about 10 cm to about 40 m.
  • the composite pane can also be flat, for example if it is intended as a pane for buses, trains or tractors.
  • the outer pane, the inner pane and the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer can have suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflection coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings or photocatalytic coatings.
  • the heatable element can be connected to a voltage source as described above. According to the invention, therefore, a laminated pane as described above, in which the heatable element is connected to a voltage source.
  • a laminated pane according to the invention can additionally include a cover print, in particular made of a dark, preferably black, enamel.
  • the masking print is in particular a peripheral, ie frame-like, masking print.
  • the peripheral masking print primarily serves as UV protection for the assembly adhesive of the laminated pane.
  • the cover print can be opaque and full-surface.
  • the cover print can also be semi-transparent, at least in sections, for example as a dot grid, stripe grid or checkered grid.
  • the covering print can also have a gradient, for example from an opaque covering to a semi-transparent covering.
  • the masking print is usually applied to the interior surface of the outer pane or to the interior surface of the inner pane, with the masking print preferably being applied to a pane surface on which neither a heatable coating nor a coating that reflects heat rays is arranged in the laminated pane according to the invention.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a composite pane, at least comprising the following steps: a) providing an outer pane with an outside surface I and an inside surface II, an inner pane with an outside surface III and an inside surface IV, and at least one thermoplastic Intermediate layer, in which a heatable element is applied directly to the interior surface II of the outer pane or to the outside surface III of the inner pane and a heat-ray-reflecting coating directly to the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane and/or a heat-ray-reflecting coating directly to the outside surface I applied to the outer pane; b) forming a stack sequence from the outer pane, the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane, such that the interior surface II of the outer pane and the outer surface III of the inner pane face each other and the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane is; c) Connecting the outer pane and the inner pane via the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer to form a composite
  • the lamination is preferably carried out under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure.
  • Methods known per se can be used for lamination, for example autoclave methods, vacuum bag methods, vacuum ring methods, calendering methods, vacuum laminators or combinations thereof.
  • the thermal radiation-reflecting coating is preferably applied by physical vapor deposition (PVD) to the interior surface IV of the inner pane and/or to the outside surface I of the outer pane, particularly preferably by cathode sputtering ("sputtering”), very particularly preferably by magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering.
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • the heatable element is designed as a heatable coating, this is preferably applied by physical vapor deposition (PVD) to the interior surface II of the outer pane or to the outside surface III of the inner pane, particularly preferably by cathode atomization ("sputtering"), very particularly preferably by magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering.
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • sputtering cathode atomization
  • busbars required for connecting the heatable element to a voltage source are applied before the lamination step.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably subjected to a bending process before lamination and preferably after any coating processes.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably bent congruently together (i.e. at the same time and using the same tool), because the shape of the panes is then optimally matched to one another for the lamination that takes place later.
  • Typical temperatures for glass bending processes are 500°C to 700°C, for example.
  • the thermal radiation-reflecting coating is only applied to the interior surface (IV) of the inner pane after the lamination process and/or the thermal radiation-reflecting coating is applied to the outer surface (I) of the outer pane only after the lamination process.
  • the composite pane according to the invention can be used in a vehicle on water, on land or in the air, preferably as a windscreen of a vehicle, particularly preferably as a windscreen of a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car.
  • the laminated pane according to the invention can also be used in building glazing or in other architectural glazing.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the cross section through the embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention shown in FIG. 3 shows the cross section through a further embodiment of one according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows the cross section through a further embodiment of a laminated pane according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows the cross section through a further embodiment of a laminated pane according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention and FIG. 2 shows the cross section through the composite pane shown in FIG. 1 along the section line XX′.
  • the laminated pane 1 has an upper edge O and a lower edge U and two side edges S.
  • FIG. The laminated pane 1 comprises an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3, which are laminated to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and are thereby permanently connected.
  • the composite pane 1 is provided, for example, as a windshield of a passenger car, with the outer pane 2 being intended to face the outside environment and the inner pane 3 being intended to face the vehicle interior.
  • the outer pane 2 has an outside surface I and an inside surface II.
  • the inner pane 3 has an outside surface III and an inside surface IV.
  • the outside surfaces I and III face the outside environment in the installed position, the interior surfaces II and IV face the vehicle interior in the installed position.
  • the interior surface II of the outer pane 2 and the outside surface III of the inner pane 3 face each other.
  • the outer pane 2 contains, for example, soda-lime glass and has a thickness of 2.1 mm, for example.
  • the inner pane 3 contains, for example, soda-lime glass and has a thickness of 1.6 mm, for example.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 contains or consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and has a thickness of 0.76 mm, for example.
  • composite panes 1 according to the invention can also have other dimensions adapted to the respective individual case and in particular other layer thicknesses for the outer pane 2 , inner pane 3 and thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 .
  • a heatable element s in the form of a heatable coating is arranged on the outside surface III of the inner pane 3 .
  • the heatable coating is constructed, for example, as described in WO 2020/094422 A1 and comprises at least four electrically conductive silver layers, each of which is arranged between two dielectric layers or layer sequences, the sum of the thicknesses of all electrically conductive silver layers being at most 30 nm and at least one of the electrically conductive silver layers has a maximum thickness of 5 nm.
  • a coating 6 reflecting heat rays is arranged on the interior surface IV of the inner pane 3 .
  • the coating 6 that reflects heat radiation includes, for example, a functional ITO layer with a thickness of 60 nm to 150 nm and also further dielectric layers above and below the functional layer, in particular made of Al-doped SiO 2 and SiI 2 .
  • the thermal radiation reflecting coating 6 reduces the radiation of the thermal radiation emitted by the heatable element 5 designed as a heatable coating through the laminated pane into the vehicle interior. On the other hand, the thermal radiation-reflecting coating 6 also reduces the emission of thermal radiation from the vehicle interior at low outside temperatures.
  • the heatable element 5 can be connected to a voltage source via busbars (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2).
  • FIG. 3 shows the cross section of a further embodiment of a laminated pane 1 according to the invention.
  • the composite pane 1 shown in cross section in Fig. 3 differs from the composite pane 1 shown in cross section in Fig. 2 only in that the heatable element 5 designed as a heatable coating is not on the outside surface III of the inner pane 3, but on the interior surface II of the outer pane 2 is applied.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section of a further embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention.
  • the laminated pane 1 is intended, for example, as a windshield of a passenger car, with the outer pane 2 intended to face the outside environment and the inner pane 3 intended to face the vehicle interior to be facing.
  • the outer pane 2 has an outside surface I and an inside surface II.
  • the inner pane 3 has an outside surface III and an inside surface IV.
  • the outside surfaces I and III face the outside environment in the installed position, the interior surfaces II and IV face the vehicle interior in the installed position.
  • the interior surface II of the outer pane 2 and the outside surface III of the inner pane 3 face each other.
  • the outer pane 2 contains, for example, soda-lime glass and has a thickness of 2.1 mm, for example.
  • the inner pane 3 contains, for example, soda-lime glass and has a thickness of 1.6 mm, for example.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 contains or consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and has a thickness of 0.76 mm, for example. It goes without saying that composite panes 1 according to the invention can also have other dimensions adapted to the respective individual case and in particular other layer thicknesses for the outer pane 2 , inner pane 3 and thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 .
  • a heatable element 5 in the form of a heatable coating is arranged on the inside surface II of the outer pane 2 .
  • the heatable coating is constructed, for example, as described in WO 2020/094422 A1 and comprises at least four electrically conductive silver layers, each of which is arranged between two dielectric layers or layer sequences, the sum of the thicknesses of all electrically conductive silver layers being at most 30 nm and at least one of the electrically conductive silver layers has a maximum thickness of 5 nm.
  • the coating 6 that reflects heat radiation includes, for example, a functional ITO layer with a thickness of 60 nm to 150 nm and also further dielectric layers above and below the functional layer, in particular made of Al-doped SiO 2 and SisN 4
  • the thermal radiation reflecting coating 6 reduces the radiation of the thermal radiation emitted by the heatable element 5 designed as a heatable coating through the laminated pane to the outside.
  • the thermal radiation-reflecting coating 6 also reduces the emission of thermal radiation from the vehicle interior at low outside temperatures.
  • Fig. 5 shows the cross section of a further embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention.
  • the composite pane 1 shown in cross section in Fig. 5 differs from that shown in cross section in Fig. 4 only in that the heatable element 5 designed as a heatable coating does not on the inside surface II of the outer pane 2, but on the outside surface III of the inner pane 3 is arranged.
  • Fig. 6 shows the cross section of a further embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention.
  • the composite pane 1 shown in cross section in Fig. 6 differs from that shown in cross section in Fig. 2 only in that on the outside surface I of the outer pane 2 a thermal radiation reflecting coating 6 is applied.
  • Fig. 7 shows the cross section of a further embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention.
  • the composite pane 1 shown in cross section in Fig. 7 differs from that shown in cross section in Fig. 3 only in that on the outside surface I of the outer pane 2 a thermal radiation reflecting coating 6 is applied.
  • FIG. 8 shows the cross section of a further embodiment of a laminated pane 1 according to the invention.
  • the embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention shown in cross section in FIG. 8 differs from that shown in FIG. 2 only in that the heatable element 5 is designed as an arrangement of heatable wires.
  • the wires that can be heated are, for example, tungsten wires with a diameter between 10 ⁇ m and 33 ⁇ m. This can involve, for example, a plurality of wires arranged parallel to one another or a single wire which extends in a serpentine manner over the outside surface III of the inner pane 3 .

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite pane (1) and to a method for the production thereof. The invention relates to a composite pane (1) comprising a laminated stacking sequence composed of an outer pane (2) having an external surface (I) and an internal surface (II), an inner pane (3) having an external surface (III) and an internal surface (IV), and at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) which connects the internal surface (II) of the outer pane (2) to the external surface (III) of the inner pane (3), wherein a heatable element (5) is applied directly to the internal surface (II) of the outer pane (2) or to the external surface (III) of the inner pane (3). A thermal radiation-reflecting coating (6) that reflects thermal rays directly to the inner surface (IV) of the inner pane (3) and/or a thermal radiation-reflecting coating (6) reflecting thermal rays directly to the external surface (I) of the external pane (2) is applied.

Description

Verbundscheibe composite pane
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbundscheibe, die elektrisch beheizbar ist und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser. The invention relates to a composite pane that can be heated electrically and a method for producing it.
Scheiben mit einer elektrischen Heizschicht sind als solche bekannt und bereits vielfach in der Patentliteratur beschrieben worden. Lediglich beispielhaft sei in diesem Zusammenhang auf DE 102008018147 A1 , DE 102008029986 A1 und WO 00/7263 A1 verwiesen. In Kraftfahrzeugen werden sie häufig als Windschutzscheiben eingesetzt, da das zentrale Sichtfeld aufgrund gesetzlicher Vorgaben, mit Ausnahme von Heizdrähten, keinerlei Sichteinschränkungen aufweisen darf. Durch die von der Heizschicht erzeugte Wärme können binnen kurzer Zeit kondensierte Feuchtigkeit, Eis und Schnee entfernt werden. Meist werden solche Scheiben als Verbundscheiben hergestellt, in denen zwei Einzelscheiben durch eine thermoplastische Klebeschicht miteinander verbunden sind. Die Heizschicht kann auf eine der inneren Oberflächen der Einzelscheiben aufgebracht sein, wobei aber auch Aufbauten bekannt sind bei denen sie sich auf einem Träger befindet, der zwischen den beiden Einzelscheiben angeordnet ist. Alternativ kann eine Verbundscheibe auch mittels Heizdrähten beheizt werden. Eine Verbundscheibe mit heizbaren Drähten ist in der DE 103 52 464 A1 offenbart. Panes with an electric heating layer are known as such and have already been described many times in the patent literature. Reference is made in this context to DE 102008018147 A1, DE 102008029986 A1 and WO 00/7263 A1, merely as an example. In motor vehicles, they are often used as windscreens, since the central field of vision is not allowed to have any visual restrictions, with the exception of heating wires, due to legal requirements. The heat generated by the heating layer can remove condensed moisture, ice and snow in a short time. Such panes are usually manufactured as composite panes in which two individual panes are connected to one another by a thermoplastic adhesive layer. The heating layer can be applied to one of the inner surfaces of the individual panes, although structures are also known in which it is located on a carrier which is arranged between the two individual panes. Alternatively, a laminated pane can also be heated using heating wires. A composite pane with heatable wires is disclosed in DE 103 52 464 A1.
Beheizbare Verbundscheiben nach dem Stand der Technik stellen in einem Fahrzeug einen großen elektrischen Verbraucher dar. Bei beheizbaren Verbundscheiben gemäß dem Stand der Technik ist in der Regel das Heizelement, d.h. Heizdrähte oder eine beheizbare Schicht, auf der Außenseite der Innenscheibe angeordnet. Bei Anlegen einer Spannung erwärmt sich das Heizelement und die Wärme wird in die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht der Verbundscheibe, die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe durch Wärmeleitung transportiert. Da Glas in der Regel die Wärme besser leitet als die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht, wird die Wärme des auf der Außenseite der Innenscheibe angeordneten Heizelements hauptsächlich zur Innenscheibe geleitet und kaum über die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht zur Außenscheibe geleitet. Standardglass hat eine Emissivität von in etwa 80 % bis 90 %. Somit wird bei beheizbaren Verbundscheiben nach dem Stand der Technik in der Regel die Außenseite der Außenscheibe nicht so heiß wie die Innenseite der Innenscheibe. Zum Entfernen von Eis und Schnee auf der Außenseite der Außenscheibe wird daher viel Energie verbraucht. State-of-the-art heatable composite panes are a major electrical consumer in a vehicle. When voltage is applied, the heating element heats up and the heat is transported into the thermoplastic intermediate layer of the laminated pane, the outer pane and the inner pane by thermal conduction. Since glass generally conducts heat better than the thermoplastic intermediate layer, the heat from the heating element arranged on the outside of the inner pane is mainly conducted to the inner pane and is hardly conducted to the outer pane via the thermoplastic intermediate layer. Standard glass has an emissivity of around 80% to 90%. Thus, in the case of heatable laminated panes according to the prior art, the outside of the outer pane generally does not get as hot as the inside of the inner pane. A lot of energy is therefore consumed to remove ice and snow on the outside of the outer pane.
In EP 2 718 098 B1 ist eine Verbundscheibe mit einer beheizbaren ersten Beschichtung und einer zweiten Beschichtung, wobei die zweite Beschichtung eine niedrige Emissivität aufweist, offenbart. In US 2009/0104385 A1 ist eine Verbundscheibe mit einerEP 2 718 098 B1 describes a laminated pane with a heatable first coating and a second coating, the second coating having low emissivity, disclosed. In US 2009/0104385 A1 is a composite pane with a
Antireflexionsbeschichtung und Beschichtungen mit anderen Funktionalitäten offenbart. Anti-reflective coating and coatings with other functionalities are disclosed.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, eine Verbundscheibe bereitzustellen, die elektrisch beheizbar ist und bei der die Heizfunktion verbessert ist. The object of the present invention is to provide a laminated pane which can be heated electrically and in which the heating function is improved.
Diese Aufgabe wird nach dem Vorschlag der Erfindung durch eine Verbundscheibe gemäß Anspruch 1 und ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 15 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. According to the proposal of the invention, this object is achieved by a composite pane according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 15 . Advantageous configurations of the invention result from the dependent claims.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbundscheibe, mindestens umfassend eine laminierte Stapelfolge aus einer Außenscheibe mit einer außenseitigen Oberfläche und einer innenraumseitigen Oberfläche, einer Innenscheibe mit einer außenseitigen Oberfläche und einer innenraumseitigen Oberfläche und mindestens einer thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht, welche die innenraumseitige Oberfläche der Außenscheibe mit der außenseitigen Oberfläche der Innenscheibe verbindet. The invention relates to a laminated pane, at least comprising a laminated stack sequence of an outer pane with an outside surface and an inside surface, an inner pane with an outside surface and an inside surface and at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer, which connects the inside surface of the outside pane to the outside surface of the inner pane connects.
Erfindungsgemäß ist ein beheizbares Element direkt auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche der Außenscheibe oder auf die außenseitige Oberfläche der Innenscheibe aufgebracht. According to the invention, a heatable element is applied directly to the interior surface of the outer pane or to the outside surface of the inner pane.
Zudem ist erfindungsgemäß eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung direkt auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche der Innenscheibe und/oder eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung direkt auf die außenseitige Oberfläche der Außenscheibe aufgebracht. In addition, according to the invention, a coating reflecting heat rays is applied directly to the interior surface of the inner pane and/or a coating reflecting heat rays is applied directly to the outside surface of the outer pane.
Die Verbundscheibe ist dafür vorgesehen, in einer Fensteröffnung einen Innenraum, insbesondere den Innenraum eines Fahrzeugs oder eines Gebäudes, gegenüber der äußeren Umgebung abzutrennen. Die Verbundscheibe ist ein Laminat und umfasst eine erste und eine zweite Glasscheibe, die im Sinne der Erfindung als Außenscheibe und Innenscheibe bezeichnet werden und über eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht miteinander verbunden sind. Mit Innenscheibe wird im Sinne der Erfindung die in Einbaulage dem Innenraum zugewandte Scheibe bezeichnet. Mit Außenscheibe wird die in Einbaulage der äußeren Umgebung zugewandte Scheibe bezeichnet. Unter der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche (innenseitigen Oberfläche oder Innenseite oder Innenfläche) wird im Sinne der Erfindung diejenige Oberfläche der Scheiben verstanden, die in Einbaulage dem Innenraum zugewandt ist. Unter der außenseitigen Oberfläche (oder Außenseite oder Außenfläche) wird im Sinne der Erfindung diejenige Oberfläche der Scheiben verstanden, die in Einbaulage der äußeren Umgebung zugewandt ist. Die Oberflächen der Glasscheiben werden typischerweise wie folgt bezeichnet: The laminated pane is intended to separate an interior space in a window opening, in particular the interior space of a vehicle or a building, from the outside environment. The composite pane is a laminate and comprises a first and a second glass pane, which are referred to as the outer pane and inner pane within the meaning of the invention and are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer. In the context of the invention, inner pane refers to the pane facing the interior in the installed position. The outer pane is the pane that faces the outside when installed. The surface on the interior side (inside surface or inside or inner surface) is understood within the meaning of the invention as that surface of the panes which faces the interior in the installed position. Within the meaning of the invention, the outside surface (or outside or outside surface) is understood to mean that surface of the panes which faces the external environment in the installed position. The surfaces of the glass panes are typically designated as follows:
Die außenseitige Oberfläche der Außenscheibe wird als Seite I bezeichnet. Die innenraumseitige Oberfläche der Außenscheibe wird als Seite II bezeichnet. Die außenseitige Oberfläche der Innenscheibe wird als Seite III bezeichnet. Die innenraumseitige Oberfläche der Innenscheibe wird als Seite IV bezeichnet. The outside surface of the outer pane is referred to as side I. The surface of the outer pane on the interior side is referred to as side II. The outside surface of the inner pane is referred to as Side III. The interior surface of the inner pane is referred to as side IV.
Die innenraumseitige Oberfläche II der Außenscheibe und die außenseitige Oberfläche III der Innenscheibe sind einander zugewandt und mittels der mindestens einen thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht miteinander verbunden. The interior surface II of the outer pane and the outside surface III of the inner pane face each other and are connected to one another by means of the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer.
Erfindungsgemäß ist direkt auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche IV der Innenscheibe und/oder direkt auf der außenseitigen Oberfläche I der Außenscheibe eine die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung aufgebracht. Solche Beschichtungen sind beispielsweise aus der WO2013/131667A1 bekannt. Die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung kann auch als Beschichtung niedriger Emissivität, emissivitätsmindernde Beschichtung, Wärmestrahlen reduzierende Beschichtung, Low-E-Beschichtung oder Low-E-Schicht bezeichnet werden. Sie hat die Aufgabe, Wärmestrahlung zu reflektieren, also insbesondere IR-Strahlung, die längerwellig ist als der I R-Anteil der Sonnenstrahlung. According to the invention, a coating that reflects the heat rays is applied directly to the interior surface IV of the inner pane and/or directly to the outside surface I of the outer pane. Such coatings are known, for example, from WO2013/131667A1. The thermal ray reflective coating may also be referred to as a low emissivity coating, emissivity reducing coating, thermal ray reducing coating, low-E coating or low-E layer. It has the task of reflecting thermal radiation, i.e. in particular IR radiation, which has longer wavelengths than the IR component of solar radiation.
Die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung erstreckt sich bevorzugt über die gesamte innenraumseitige Oberfläche IV der Innenscheibe und/oder über die gesamte außenseitige Oberfläche I der Außenscheibe. The thermal radiation-reflecting coating preferably extends over the entire interior surface IV of the inner pane and/or over the entire outside surface I of the outer pane.
Es ist auch möglich, dass sich die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung nur über einen Teil der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche IV der Innenscheibe und/oder über nur einen Teil der außenseitigen Oberfläche I der Außenscheibe erstreckt. It is also possible for the coating that reflects heat rays to extend over only part of the interior surface IV of the inner pane and/or over only part of the outside surface I of the outer pane.
In einer Ausführungsform ist auf die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung eine Schutzschicht aufgetragen. Diese optionale Schutzschicht dient dem Schutz vor Korrosion und/oder Beschädigungen. In one embodiment, a protective layer is applied to the thermal radiation-reflecting coating. This optional protective layer serves to protect against corrosion and/or damage.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das beheizbare Element direkt auf die außenseitige Oberfläche III der Innenscheibe aufgebracht und eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung ist direkt auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche IV der Innenscheibe aufgebracht. In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das beheizbare Element direkt auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche II der Außenscheibe aufgebracht und eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung ist direkt auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche IV der Innenscheibe aufgebracht. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heatable element is applied directly to the outside surface III of the inner pane, and a coating that reflects heat rays is applied directly to the inside surface IV of the inner pane. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heatable element is applied directly to the interior surface II of the outer pane and a thermal radiation-reflecting coating is applied directly to the interior surface IV of the inner pane.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das beheizbare Element direkt auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche II der Außenscheibe aufgebracht und eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung ist direkt auf außenseitige Oberfläche I der Außenscheibe aufgebracht. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heatable element is applied directly to the interior surface II of the outer pane and a thermal radiation-reflecting coating is applied directly to the outside surface I of the outer pane.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das beheizbare Element direkt auf die außenseitige Oberfläche III der Innenscheibe aufgebracht und eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung ist direkt auf außenseitige Oberfläche I der Außenscheibe aufgebracht. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heatable element is applied directly to the outside surface III of the inner pane and a coating that reflects heat rays is applied directly to the outside surface I of the outer pane.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das beheizbare Element direkt auf die außenseitige Oberfläche III der Innenscheibe aufgebracht, eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung ist direkt auf die außenseitige Oberfläche IV der Innenscheibe aufgebracht und eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung ist direkt auf die außenseitige Oberfläche I der Außenscheibe aufgebracht. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heatable element is applied directly to the outside surface III of the inner pane, a coating that reflects heat rays is applied directly to the outside surface IV of the inner pane, and a coating that reflects heat rays is applied directly to the outside surface I of the outer pane .
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das beheizbare Element direkt auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche II der Außenscheibe aufgebracht, eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung ist direkt auf die außenseitige Oberfläche IV der Innenscheibe aufgebracht und eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung ist direkt auf die außenseitige Oberfläche I der Außenscheibe aufgebracht. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heatable element is applied directly to the interior surface II of the outer pane, a coating that reflects heat rays is applied directly to the outside surface IV of the inner pane, and a coating that reflects heat rays is applied directly to the outside surface I of the outer pane .
Bei Anordnung einer Wärmestrahlen reflektierenden Beschichtung auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche IV der Innenscheibe verhindert diese die Wärmestrahlung der von dem beheizbaren Element erwärmten Innenscheibe nach innen. Die Abgabe von Wärmestrahlung in den Innenraum wird dadurch reduziert und die Verbundscheibe effizienter beheizt. When a thermal radiation-reflecting coating is arranged on the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane, this prevents inward thermal radiation from the inner pane heated by the heatable element. This reduces the emission of thermal radiation into the interior and heats the laminated pane more efficiently.
Bei Anordnung einer Wärmestrahlen reflektierenden Beschichtung auf der außenseitigen Oberfläche I der Außenscheibe verhindert diese die Wärmestrahlung der von dem beheizbaren Element erwärmten Außenscheibe nach außen. Die Abgabe von Wärmestrahlung in die äußere Umgebung wird dadurch reduziert und die Verbundscheibe effizienter beheizt. Bei Anordnung einer Wärmestrahlen reflektierenden Beschichtung auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche IV der Innenscheibe und einer Wärmestrahlen reflektierenden Beschichtung auf der außenseitigen Oberfläche I der Außenscheibe kann sowohl die Wärmestrahlung der von dem beheizbaren Element erwärmten Innenscheibe nach innen als auch die Wärmestrahlung der von dem beheizbaren Element erwärmten Außenscheibe nach außen verhindert werden, so dass die Verbundscheibe besonders effizient geheizt wird und Abgabe von Wärmestrahlung in die äußere Umgebung oder den Innenraum reduziert wird. If a thermal radiation-reflecting coating is arranged on the outside surface I of the outer pane, this prevents the thermal radiation of the outer pane heated by the heatable element to the outside. This reduces the emission of thermal radiation into the external environment and heats the laminated pane more efficiently. If a thermal radiation-reflecting coating is arranged on the interior surface IV of the inner pane and a thermal radiation-reflecting coating on the outside surface I of the outer pane, both the thermal radiation from the inner pane heated by the heatable element and the thermal radiation from the outer pane heated by the heatable element can be directed inward be prevented on the outside, so that the laminated pane is heated particularly efficiently and the release of thermal radiation into the external environment or the interior is reduced.
Wie oben beschrieben wird in der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe durch die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche IV der Innenscheibe die Abgabe von Wärmestrahlung in den Innenraum reduziert und/oder durch die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung auf der außenseitigen Oberfläche I der Außenscheibe die Abgabe von Wärmestrahlung in die äußere Umgebung reduziert, wodurch die Verbundscheibe effizienter beheizt wird als Verbundscheiben gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheiben verbrauchen für die gleiche Heizwirkung weniger Strom als Verbundscheiben gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Die gleiche Heizwirkung wird früher erreicht oder es muss weniger Leistung zur Verfügung gestellt werden, um die innerhalb einer bestimmten Zeit die gleiche Heizwirkung zu erzielen. As described above, in the laminated pane according to the invention, the thermal radiation-reflecting coating on the interior surface IV of the inner pane reduces the emission of thermal radiation into the interior and/or the thermal radiation-reflecting coating on the outside surface I of the outer pane reduces the emission of thermal radiation into the outer Surroundings are reduced, thereby heating the laminated pane more efficiently than prior art laminated panes. The laminated panes according to the invention consume less electricity for the same heating effect than laminated panes according to the prior art. The same heating effect is achieved earlier or less power has to be provided in order to achieve the same heating effect within a certain time.
Durch die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche IV der Innenscheibe und/oder durch die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung auf der außenseitigen Oberfläche I der Außenscheibe wird sowohl die Abgabe von Wärmestrahlung aus dem Fahrzeuginnenraum in die äußere Umgebung bei kalten Außentemperaturen reduziert, als auch die Wärmestrahlung bzw. Kältestrahlung in den Fahrzeuginnenraum reduziert. Der sogenannte cold-wall effect wird dadurch vermindert. The thermal radiation-reflecting coating on the interior surface IV of the inner pane and/or the thermal radiation-reflecting coating on the outside surface I of the outer pane both reduce the emission of thermal radiation from the vehicle interior into the external environment when the outside temperatures are cold, and the thermal radiation or Reduced cold radiation into the vehicle interior. This reduces the so-called cold-wall effect.
Das beheizbare Element kann als eine beheizbare Beschichtung ausgebildet sein. The heatable element can be designed as a heatable coating.
Bevorzugt umfasst die beheizbare Beschichtung ein Schichtsystem mit mindestens einer zwischen dielektrischen Oxid- oder Nitridschichten eingebetteten Metallschicht, insbesondere mindestens einer metallischen Silberschicht. The heatable coating preferably comprises a layer system with at least one metal layer embedded between dielectric oxide or nitride layers, in particular at least one metallic silver layer.
Alternativ kann das beheizbare Element als mindestens ein beheizbarer Draht ausgebildet sein, wobei ein Wolframdraht bevorzugt ist. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das beheizbare Element als mindestens ein Wolframdraht ausgebildet. Das heißt, besonders bevorzugt ist das beheizbare Element als ein Wolframdraht oder eine Anordnung von Wolframdrähten ausgebildet. Alternatively, the heatable element can be designed as at least one heatable wire, with a tungsten wire being preferred. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the heatable element is designed as at least one tungsten wire. This means that the heatable element is particularly preferably designed as a tungsten wire or an arrangement of tungsten wires.
Das beheizbare Element kann beispielsweise auch in Form aufgedruckter Silberdrähte ausgebildet sein. The heatable element can also be designed, for example, in the form of printed silver wires.
Bevorzugt erstreckt sich das als beheizbare Beschichtung ausgebildete beheizbare Element über die gesamte innenraumseitige Oberfläche II der Außenscheibe abzüglich eines umlaufenden rahmenförmigen beschichtungsfreien Bereichs mit einer Breite von 1 mm bis 50 cm, bevorzugt von 2 mm bis 20 cm und besonders bevorzugt von 1 cm bis 20 cm, oder über die gesamte außenseitige Oberfläche III der Innenscheibe abzüglich eines umlaufenden rahmenförmigen beschichtungsfreien Bereichs mit einer Breite von 1 mm bis 50 cm, bevorzugt von 2 mm bis 20 cm und besonders bevorzugt von 1 cm bis 20 cm. Der beschichtungsfreie Randbereich ist durch Verkleben mit der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht hermetisch versiegelt. Die beheizbare Beschichtung ist dadurch vorteilhaft vor Beschädigungen und Korrosion, die insbesondere vom Rand der Verbundscheibe ausgeht, geschützt. The heatable element designed as a heatable coating preferably extends over the entire interior surface II of the outer pane minus a peripheral, frame-shaped, coating-free area with a width of 1 mm to 50 cm, preferably 2 mm to 20 cm, and particularly preferably 1 cm to 20 cm , or over the entire outside surface III of the inner pane minus a peripheral, frame-shaped, coating-free area with a width of 1 mm to 50 cm, preferably 2 mm to 20 cm and particularly preferably 1 cm to 20 cm. The uncoated edge area is hermetically sealed by gluing to the thermoplastic intermediate layer. This advantageously protects the heatable coating from damage and corrosion, which emanates in particular from the edge of the laminated pane.
Die beheizbare Beschichtung kann sich alternativ auch über die gesamte innenraumseitige Oberfläche II der Außenscheibe oder über die gesamte außenseitige Oberfläche III der Innenscheibe erstrecken. Alternatively, the heatable coating can also extend over the entire interior surface II of the outer pane or over the entire outside surface III of the inner pane.
Optional sind lokale Bereiche, die als Kommunikations-, Sensor- oder Kamerafenster, die Transmission von elektromagnetischer Strahlung durch die Verbundscheibe gewährleisten sollen, nicht mit der beheizbaren Beschichtung und/oder nicht mit der Wärmestrahlen reflektierenden Beschichtung versehen. Optionally, local areas that are used as communication, sensor or camera windows that are intended to ensure the transmission of electromagnetic radiation through the laminated pane are not provided with the heatable coating and/or not with the coating that reflects heat rays.
Die beheizbare Beschichtung und die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung sind jeweils eine transparente funktionelle Beschichtung, welche dafür vorgesehen ist, die Scheibenoberfläche mit veränderten Eigenschaften zu versehen. Eine Beschichtung gilt im Sinne der Erfindung als transparent, wenn sie eine mittlere Transmission im sichtbaren Spektral bereich von mindestens 70 %, bevorzugt mindestens 80 % aufweist und dadurch die Durchsicht durch die Fahrzeugscheibe nicht wesentlich einschränkt. Die beheizbare Beschichtung und die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung sind jeweils insbesondere eine Dünnschicht-Beschichtung, also als Dünnschicht oder Dünnschichtstapel ausgebildet. Eine beheizbare Beschichtung ist eine elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung, durch die Strom fließt, wenn sie elektrisch kontaktiert wird. Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit wird insbesondere dadurch bereitgestellt, dass eine oder mehrere Einzelschichten der Beschichtung als elektrisch leitfähige Schichten ausgebildet sind, beispielsweise auf Basis eines Metalls, insbesondere auf Basis von Silber, alternativ beispielsweise auf Basis von Gold, Aluminium oder Kupfer. Neben der mindestens einen elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht sind üblicherweise dielektrische Schichten vorhanden, die beispielsweise als Entspiegelungsschichten die Lichttransmission erhöhen sollen, als Anpassungsschichten die Kristallinität der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht verbessern sollen oder als Glättungsschichten die Oberflächenstruktur für die darüberliegenden Schichten verbessern sollen. Übliche Materialien für die dielektrischen Schichten umfassen Siliziumnitrid, Titanoxid, Aluminiumnitrid, Zinnoxid, Zinkoxid, Zinn-Zink- Mischoxid und Siliziumoxid. The heatable coating and the coating that reflects heat rays are each a transparent, functional coating that is intended to provide the pane surface with changed properties. According to the invention, a coating is considered to be transparent if it has an average transmission in the visible spectral range of at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, and as a result does not significantly restrict the view through the vehicle window. The heatable coating and the coating that reflects heat rays are each in particular a thin-layer coating, ie designed as a thin layer or thin-layer stack. A heatable coating is an electrically conductive coating through which current flows when electrically contacted. The electrical conductivity is provided in particular by the fact that one or more individual layers of the coating are formed as electrically conductive layers, for example based on a metal, in particular based on silver, alternatively based on gold, aluminum or copper, for example. In addition to the at least one electrically conductive layer, there are usually dielectric layers which, for example, are intended to increase light transmission as antireflection layers, improve the crystallinity of the electrically conductive layer as adaptation layers or improve the surface structure for the overlying layers as smoothing layers. Common materials for the dielectric layers include silicon nitride, titanium oxide, aluminum nitride, tin oxide, zinc oxide, tin-zinc mixed oxide, and silicon oxide.
Die Dicke einer elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht der beheizbaren Beschichtung beträgt bevorzugt von 5 nm bis 50 nm, besonders bevorzugt von 8 nm bis 25 nm. In diesem Bereich für die Dicke der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht wird eine vorteilhaft hohe Transmission im sichtbaren Spektralbereich und eine besonders vorteilhafte elektrische Leitfähigkeit erreicht. The thickness of an electrically conductive layer of the heatable coating is preferably from 5 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably from 8 nm to 25 nm. In this range for the thickness of the electrically conductive layer, an advantageously high transmission in the visible spectral range and a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity reached.
Typischerweise ist jeweils zwischen zwei benachbarten elektrisch leitfähigen Schichten der beheizbaren Beschichtung zumindest eine dielektrische Schicht angeordnet. Bevorzugt ist unterhalb der ersten und/oder oberhalb der letzten elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht eine weitere dielektrische Schicht angeordnet. Eine dielektrische Schicht enthält zumindest eine Einzelschicht aus einem dielektrischen Material, beispielsweise ein Nitrid wie Siliziumnitrid oder ein Oxid wie Aluminiumoxid. Die dielektrische Schicht kann aber auch mehrere Einzelschichten umfassen, beispielsweise Einzelschichten eines dielektrischen Materials, Glättungsschichten, Anpassungsschichten, Blockerschichten und/oder Antireflexionsschichten. Die Dicke einer dielektrischen Schicht beträgt beispielsweise von 10 nm bis 200 nm. At least one dielectric layer is typically arranged in each case between two adjacent electrically conductive layers of the heatable coating. A further dielectric layer is preferably arranged below the first and/or above the last electrically conductive layer. A dielectric layer contains at least a single layer of a dielectric material, for example a nitride such as silicon nitride or an oxide such as aluminum oxide. However, the dielectric layer can also comprise a plurality of individual layers, for example individual layers of a dielectric material, smoothing layers, matching layers, blocking layers and/or antireflection layers. The thickness of a dielectric layer is, for example, from 10 nm to 200 nm.
Dieser Schichtaufbau wird im Allgemeinen durch eine Folge von Abscheidevorgängen erhalten, die durch ein Vakuumverfahren wie die magnetfeldgestützte Kathodenzerstäubung durchgeführt werden. This layer structure is generally obtained by a sequence of deposition operations carried out by a vacuum process such as magnetic field-assisted sputtering.
Beheizbare Beschichtungen sind beispielsweise bekannt aus WO2013/104438 A1 , WO20 13/104439 A 1 oder WO 2016/020113 A1 . Die beheizbare Beschichtung kann beispielsweise auch eine der in der WO 2019/179683 A1 oder der WO 2020/094422 A1 beschriebenen leitfähigen Beschichtungen sein. Heatable coatings are known, for example, from WO2013/104438 A1, WO20 13/104439 A1 or WO 2016/020113 A1. The heatable coating can, for example, also be one of the conductive coatings described in WO 2019/179683 A1 or WO 2020/094422 A1.
Die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung umfasst bevorzugt eine funktionelle Schicht, welche ein transparentes leitfähiges Oxid (TCO), enthält, bevorzugt Indiumzinnoxid (ITO, indium tin oxide), mit Antimon oder Fluor dotiertes Zinnoxid und/oder mit Gallium und/oder Aluminium dotiertem Zinkoxid (ZnO: Ga, bzw. ZnO: AI), wobei Indiumzinnoxid bevorzugt ist. Die funktionelle Schicht kann aber auch andere, elektrisch leitfähige Oxide enthalten, beispielsweise Fluor-dotiertes Zinnoxid (SnÜ2:F), Antimon-dotiertes Zinnoxid (SnO2:Sb), Indium-Zink-Mischoxid (IZO), Gallium-dotiertes oder Aluminium-dotiertes Zinkoxid, Niobiumdotiertes Titanoxid, Cadmiumstannat und/oder Zinkstannat. Damit werden besonders gute Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Emissivität und der Biegbarkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtung erreicht. Der Brechungsindex des Materials der funktionellen Schicht beträgt bevorzugt 1 ,7 bis 2,5. The thermal radiation-reflecting coating preferably comprises a functional layer containing a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), preferably indium tin oxide (ITO, indium tin oxide), tin oxide doped with antimony or fluorine and/or zinc oxide doped with gallium and/or aluminum (ZnO : Ga, or ZnO: AI), with indium tin oxide being preferred. However, the functional layer can also contain other electrically conductive oxides, for example fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F), antimony-doped tin oxide (SnO2:Sb), indium-zinc mixed oxide (IZO), gallium-doped or aluminum-doped zinc oxide, niobium-doped titanium oxide, cadmium stannate and/or zinc stannate. This achieves particularly good results with regard to the emissivity and the flexibility of the coating according to the invention. The refractive index of the material of the functional layer is preferably 1.7 to 2.5.
Das Indiumzinnoxid wird bevorzugt mittels magnetfeldunterstützter Kathodenzerstäubung mit einem Target aus Indium-Zinn-Oxid abgeschieden. Das Target enthält bevorzugt von 75 Gew.- % bis 95 Gew.-% Indiumoxid und von 5 Gew.-% bis 25 Gew.-% Zinnoxid sowie herstellungsbedingte Beimengungen. Die Abscheidung des Zinn-dotierten Indiumoxids erfolgt bevorzugt unter einer Schutzgasatmosphäre, beispielsweise Argon. Dem Schutzgas kann auch ein geringer Anteil an Sauerstoff zugesetzt werden, beispielsweise um die Homogenität der funktionellen Schicht zu verbessern. The indium tin oxide is preferably deposited by means of magnetic field-assisted sputtering with an indium tin oxide target. The target preferably contains from 75% by weight to 95% by weight of indium oxide and from 5% by weight to 25% by weight of tin oxide as well as admixtures caused by production. The tin-doped indium oxide is preferably deposited under a protective gas atmosphere, for example argon. A small proportion of oxygen can also be added to the protective gas, for example to improve the homogeneity of the functional layer.
Das Target kann alternativ bevorzugt zumindest von 75 Gew.-% bis 95 Gew.-% Indium und von 5 Gew.-% bis 25 Gew.-% Zinn enthalten. Die Abscheidung des Indiumozinnxids erfolgt dann bevorzugt unter Zugabe von Sauerstoff als Reaktionsgas während der Kathodenzerstäubung. Alternatively, the target may preferably contain at least from 75% to 95% by weight indium and from 5% to 25% by weight tin. The indium tin oxide is then preferably deposited with the addition of oxygen as reaction gas during cathode sputtering.
Die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung umfasst außerdem typischerweise dielektrische Schichten, insbesondere aus dielektrischen Oxiden oder Nitriden gebildet, wie ZnO, SnZnO, AIN, TiÜ2, SiÜ2 oder SisN^ Die Schicht aus reflektierendem leitfähigen Oxid wird durch Verwendung zusätzlicher dielektrischer Schichten oberhalb und unterhalb entspiegelt, um eine ausreichend niedrige Reflexion von der Innenseite zu gewährleisten. The thermally reflective coating also typically includes dielectric layers, formed in particular from dielectric oxides or nitrides, such as ZnO, SnZnO, AlN, TiO2, SiO2 or SisN^ to ensure sufficiently low reflection from the inside.
Die Emissivität der erfindungsgemäßen Scheibe kann durch die Dicke der funktionellen Schicht der Wärmestrahlen reflektierenden Beschichtung beeinflusst werden. Die Dicke funktionellen Schicht beträgt bevorzugt 40 nm bis 200 nm, besonders bevorzugt 60 nm bis 150 nm und ganz besonders bevorzugt 65 nm bis 85 nm, beispielsweise etwa 75 nm. In diesem Bereich für die Dicke werden besonders vorteilhafte Werte für die Emissivität und eine besonders vorteilhafte Fähigkeit der Wärmestrahlen reflektierenden Beschichtung, eine mechanische Transformation wie Biegen oder Vorspannen ohne Beschädigung zu überstehen, erreicht. The emissivity of the pane according to the invention can be influenced by the thickness of the functional layer of the thermal radiation-reflecting coating. The thickness of the functional layer is preferably 40 nm to 200 nm, particularly preferably 60 nm to 150 nm and very particularly preferably 65 nm to 85 nm, for example about 75 nm. In this range for the thickness, particularly advantageous values for the emissivity and a particularly advantageous ability of the thermal radiation-reflective coating to undergo a mechanical transformation such as bending or prestressing without damage survive, achieved.
Die innenraumseitige Emissivität der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe beträgt bevorzugt kleiner oder gleich 50%, besonders bevorzugt von 10% bis 50%, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 10% bis 35%. Mit innenraumseitiger Emissivität wird dabei das Maß bezeichnet, welches angibt, wie viel Wärmestrahlung die Scheibe in Einbaulage im Vergleich zu einem idealen Wärmestrahler (einem schwarzen Körper) in einen Innenraum, beispielsweise eines Gebäudes oder eines Fahrzeugs abgibt. Unter Emissivität wird im Sinne der Erfindung der normale Emissionsgrad bei 283 K nach der Norm EN 12898 verstanden. The interior-side emissivity of the laminated pane according to the invention is preferably less than or equal to 50%, particularly preferably from 10% to 50%, very particularly preferably from 10% to 35%. Interior-side emissivity is the measure that indicates how much heat radiation the pane emits in the installed position compared to an ideal heat radiator (a black body) in an interior space, for example a building or a vehicle. Within the meaning of the invention, emissivity is understood to mean the normal degree of emission at 283 K according to the EN 12898 standard.
In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das beheizbare Element, das wie oben beschrieben als eine beheizbare Beschichtung oder als beheizbare Drähte ausgebildet sein kann, an eine Spannungsquelle angeschlossen, um einen elektrischen Strom durch das beheizbare Element zu leiten, welches sich dadurch erwärmt. Als Spannungen kommen insbesondere im Fahrzeugbereich übliche Bordspannungen in Betracht, beispielsweise 12 V bis 14 V oder bei Elektrofahrzeugen typische Bordspannungen von bis zu 500 V. Zum Anschluss an die Spannungsquelle ist das beheizbare Element bevorzugt mit Stromsammelschienen (Busbars) versehen, welche mit den Polen der Spannungsquelle verbindbar sind. Die Stromsammelschienen können beispielsweise als aufgedruckte und eingebrannte Leiter ausgebildet sein, typischerweise in Form einer gebrannten Siebdruckpaste mit Glasfritten und Silberpartikeln. Alternativ können aber auch Streifen einer elektrisch leitfähigen Folie als Sammelleiter verwendet werden, die auf die beheizbare Beschichtung bzw. die Enden der beheizbaren Drähte aufgelegt oder aufgeklebt werden, beispielsweise Kupferfolie oder Aluminiumfolie. Typischerweise sind die beiden Sammelleiter in der Nähe zweier einander gegenüberliegender Kanten der Verbundscheibe positioniert, beispielsweise der Ober- und Unterkante. In one embodiment of the invention, the heatable element, which as described above can be in the form of a heatable coating or heatable wires, is connected to a voltage source in order to conduct an electric current through the heatable element, which heats up as a result. Suitable voltages are the on-board voltages customary in the vehicle sector, for example 12 V to 14 V or typical on-board voltages of up to 500 V for electric vehicles. For connection to the voltage source, the heatable element is preferably provided with busbars, which are Voltage source can be connected. The busbars can, for example, be in the form of printed and burned-in conductors, typically in the form of a burned screen-printing paste with glass frits and silver particles. Alternatively, however, strips of an electrically conductive foil can also be used as busbars, which are placed or glued onto the heatable coating or the ends of the heatable wires, for example copper foil or aluminum foil. Typically, the two busbars are positioned near two opposite edges of the laminated pane, such as the top and bottom edges.
Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht ist durch eine oder mehrere thermoplastische Polymerfolien ausgebildet. Die thermoplastischen Folien enthalten bevorzugt Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), Ethylenvinylacetat (EVA), Polyurethan (PU) und/oder Gemische davon und/oder Copolymere davon, besonders bevorzugt Polyvinylbutyral. Die Folien sind bevorzugt auf Basis der genannten Materialien ausgebildet, können aber weitere Bestandteile enthalten, beispielsweise Weichmacher, Farbmittel, IR- oder UV-Absorber, bevorzugt mit einem Anteil von kleiner 50%. The thermoplastic intermediate layer is formed by one or more thermoplastic polymer films. The thermoplastic films preferably contain polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU) and/or mixtures thereof and/or copolymers thereof, particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral. The films are preferably based on the materials mentioned, but may contain other components, for example plasticizers, colorants, IR or UV absorbers, preferably in a proportion of less than 50%.
Die einzelnen Polymerfolien, insbesondere die PVB-Folien, haben vorzugsweise eine Dicke von etwa 0,025 mm (25 pm) bis 1 mm, insbesondere von 25 pm bis 125 pm und von 0,3 mm bis 1 mm, beispielsweise 50 pm, 100 pm, 0,38 mm oder 0,76 mm. Über die Dicke der Folien können weitere Eigenschaften der Verbundglasscheibe beeinflusst werden. So bewirken etwa dickere PVB-Folien eine verbesserte Schalldämpfung, insbesondere, wenn sie einen akustisch wirksamen Kern enthalten, einen erhöhten Einbruchswiderstand der Verbundglasscheibe und auch einen erhöhten Schutz gegen ultraviolette Strahlung (UV- Schutz). The individual polymer films, in particular the PVB films, preferably have a thickness of about 0.025 mm (25 μm) to 1 mm, in particular from 25 μm to 125 μm and from 0.3 mm to 1 mm, for example 50 μm, 100 μm, 0.38mm or 0.76mm. Other properties of the laminated glass pane can be influenced via the thickness of the foils. For example, thicker PVB films bring about improved soundproofing, especially if they contain an acoustically effective core, increased burglary resistance of the laminated glass pane and also increased protection against ultraviolet radiation (UV protection).
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht aus einer oder mehreren Polyvinylbutyral-Folien ausgebildet. In an advantageous embodiment, the thermoplastic intermediate layer is formed from one or more polyvinyl butyral films.
Des Weiteren kann die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht eine funktionale Zwischenschicht sein, insbesondere eine Zwischenschicht mit akustisch dämpfenden Eigenschaften, eine zumindest abschnittsweise getönte Zwischenschicht und/oder eine zumindest abschnittsweise gefärbte Zwischenschicht. Furthermore, the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be a functional intermediate layer, in particular an intermediate layer with acoustically damping properties, an intermediate layer that is tinted at least in sections and/or an intermediate layer that is colored at least in sections.
Die Außenscheibe und/oder die Innenscheibe kann aus Glas und/oder Polymeren, bevorzugt Kalk-Natron-Glas, Alkalialuminosilikatglas, Polycarbonat und/oder Polymethylmethacrylat, gebildet sein. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung bestehen die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe aus Glas. The outer pane and/or the inner pane can be made of glass and/or polymers, preferably soda-lime glass, alkali aluminosilicate glass, polycarbonate and/or polymethyl methacrylate. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the outer pane and the inner pane are made of glass.
Geeignete Glasscheiben umfassen Glasscheiben, die unter den Handelsnamen Planiclear und Planilux (jeweils Klarglas), VG10, VG20, VG40 oder TSANx, TSA3+, TSA4+ von Saint- Gobain bekannt sind, wobei es sich bei den Gläsern der VG-Serie um graugefärbte Gläser und bei denen der TSA-Serie um grüngefärbte Gläser handelt. Suitable glass sheets include glass sheets known by the trade names Planiclear and Planilux (each clear glass), VG10, VG20, VG40 or TSANx, TSA3+, TSA4+ from Saint-Gobain, the glasses of the VG series being grey-tinted glasses and bei those of the TSA series are green colored lenses.
Bevorzugt weisen die Außenscheibe und/oder die Innenscheibe eine Dicke von 0,5 mm bis 4 mm auf, besonders bevorzugt eine Dicke von 1 ,6 mm bis 2,1 mm. Die Außenscheibe und/oder die Innenscheibe können eine konstante Dicke aufweisen oder auch leicht keilförmig ausgebildet sein. The outer pane and/or the inner pane preferably have a thickness of 0.5 mm to 4 mm, particularly preferably a thickness of 1.6 mm to 2.1 mm. The outer pane and/or the inner pane can have a constant thickness or can also be slightly wedge-shaped.
Die Außenscheibe, die Innenscheibe und die mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht können klar und farblos, aber auch getönt oder gefärbt sein. Die Gesamttransmission durch das Verbundglas beträgt in einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung größer 70%. Der Begriff Gesamttransmission bezieht sich auf das durch ECE-R 43, Anhang 3, § 9.1 festgelegte Verfahren zur Prüfung der Lichtdurchlässigkeit von Kraftfahrzeugscheiben. Die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe können unabhängig voneinander nicht vorgespannt, teilvorgespannt oder vorgespannt sein. Soll mindestens eine der Scheiben eine Vorspannung aufweisen, so kann dies eine thermische oder chemische Vorspannung sein. The outer pane, the inner pane and the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer can be clear and colorless, but can also be tinted or colored. the In a preferred embodiment, the total transmission through the laminated glass is greater than 70%. The term total transmission refers to the procedure specified by ECE-R 43, Appendix 3, Section 9.1 for testing the light transmittance of motor vehicle windows. The outer pane and the inner pane can be unprestressed, partially prestressed or prestressed independently of one another. If at least one of the panes is to have a prestress, this can be a thermal or chemical prestress.
Die Verbundscheibe ist bevorzugt in einer oder in mehreren Richtungen des Raumes gebogen, wie es für Kraftfahrzeugscheiben üblich ist, wobei typische Krümmungsradien im Bereich von etwa 10 cm bis etwa 40 m liegen. Die Verbundscheibe kann aber auch plan sein, beispielsweise wenn sie als Scheibe für Busse, Züge oder Traktoren vorgesehen ist. The laminated pane is preferably curved in one or more spatial directions, as is customary for motor vehicle panes, with typical radii of curvature being in the range from about 10 cm to about 40 m. However, the composite pane can also be flat, for example if it is intended as a pane for buses, trains or tractors.
Die Außenscheibe, die Innenscheibe und die mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht können geeignete, an sich bekannte Beschichtungen aufweisen, beispielsweise Antireflexbeschichtungen, Antihaftbeschichtungen, Antikratzbeschichtungen oder photokatalytische Beschichtungen. The outer pane, the inner pane and the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer can have suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflection coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings or photocatalytic coatings.
Das beheizbare Element kann wie oben beschrieben an eine Spannungsquelle angeschlossen sein. Erfindungsgemäß ist somit auch eine Verbundscheibe wie zuvor beschrieben, bei der das beheizbare Element an eine Spannungsquelle angeschlossen ist. The heatable element can be connected to a voltage source as described above. According to the invention, therefore, a laminated pane as described above, in which the heatable element is connected to a voltage source.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe kann zusätzlich einen Abdeckdruck, insbesondere aus einer dunklen, bevorzugt schwarzen, Emaille umfassen. Bei dem Abdeckdruck handelt es sich insbesondere um einen peripheren, d.h. rahmenartigen, Abdeckdruck. Der periphere Abdeckdruck dient in erster Linie als UV-Schutz für den Montagekleber der Verbundscheibe. Der Abdeckdruck kann opak und vollflächig ausgebildet sein. Der Abdeckdruck kann zumindest abschnittsweise auch semitransparent, beispielsweise als Punktraster, Streifenraster oder kariertes Raster ausgebildet sein. Alternativ kann der Abdeckdruck auch einen Gradienten aufweisen, beispielsweise von einer opaken Bedeckung zu einer semitransparenten Bedeckung. Der Abdeckdruck ist üblicherweise auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche der Außenscheibe oder auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche der Innenscheibe aufgebracht, wobei der Abdeckdruck bevorzugt auf einer Scheibenoberfläche aufgebracht ist, auf der in der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe weder eine beheizbare Beschichtung noch eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung angeordnet ist. Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbundscheibe, mindestens umfassend die nachfolgenden Schritte: a) Bereitstellung einer Außenscheibe mit einer außenseitigen Oberfläche I und einer innenraumseitigen Oberfläche II, einer Innenscheibe mit einer außenseitigen Oberfläche III und einer innenraumseitigen Oberfläche IV, und mindestens einer thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht, wobei ein beheizbares Element direkt auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche II der Außenscheibe oder auf die außenseitige Oberfläche III der Innenscheibe aufgebracht ist und eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung direkt auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche IV der Innenscheibe und/oder eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung direkt auf die außenseitige Oberfläche I der Außenscheibe aufgebracht ist; b) Bilden einer Stapelfolge aus der Außenscheibe, der mindestens einen thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht und der Innenscheibe, derart, dass die innenraumseitige Oberfläche II der Außenscheibe und die außenseitige Oberfläche III der Innenscheibe einander zugewandt sind und die mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe angeordnet ist; c) Verbinden der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe über die mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht zu einer Verbundscheibe in einem Laminationsverfahren. A laminated pane according to the invention can additionally include a cover print, in particular made of a dark, preferably black, enamel. The masking print is in particular a peripheral, ie frame-like, masking print. The peripheral masking print primarily serves as UV protection for the assembly adhesive of the laminated pane. The cover print can be opaque and full-surface. The cover print can also be semi-transparent, at least in sections, for example as a dot grid, stripe grid or checkered grid. Alternatively, the covering print can also have a gradient, for example from an opaque covering to a semi-transparent covering. The masking print is usually applied to the interior surface of the outer pane or to the interior surface of the inner pane, with the masking print preferably being applied to a pane surface on which neither a heatable coating nor a coating that reflects heat rays is arranged in the laminated pane according to the invention. The invention also relates to a method for producing a composite pane, at least comprising the following steps: a) providing an outer pane with an outside surface I and an inside surface II, an inner pane with an outside surface III and an inside surface IV, and at least one thermoplastic Intermediate layer, in which a heatable element is applied directly to the interior surface II of the outer pane or to the outside surface III of the inner pane and a heat-ray-reflecting coating directly to the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane and/or a heat-ray-reflecting coating directly to the outside surface I applied to the outer pane; b) forming a stack sequence from the outer pane, the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane, such that the interior surface II of the outer pane and the outer surface III of the inner pane face each other and the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane is; c) Connecting the outer pane and the inner pane via the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer to form a composite pane in a lamination process.
Das Laminieren erfolgt bevorzugt unter Einwirkung von Hitze, Vakuum und/oder Druck. Es können an sich bekannte Verfahren zur Lamination verwendet werden, beispielsweise Autoklavverfahren, Vakuumsackverfahren, Vakuumringverfahren, Kalanderverfahren, Vakuumlaminatoren oder Kombinationen davon. The lamination is preferably carried out under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure. Methods known per se can be used for lamination, for example autoclave methods, vacuum bag methods, vacuum ring methods, calendering methods, vacuum laminators or combinations thereof.
Die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung wird bevorzugt durch physikalische Gasphasenabscheidung (PVD) auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche IV der Innenscheibe und/oder auf die außenseitige Oberfläche I der Außenscheibe aufgebracht, besonders bevorzugt durch Kathodenzerstäubung („Sputtern“), ganz besonders bevorzugt durch magnetfeldunterstütze Kathodenzerstäubung. The thermal radiation-reflecting coating is preferably applied by physical vapor deposition (PVD) to the interior surface IV of the inner pane and/or to the outside surface I of the outer pane, particularly preferably by cathode sputtering ("sputtering"), very particularly preferably by magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering.
Ist das beheizbare Element als beheizbare Beschichtung ausgebildet, so wird diese bevorzugt durch physikalische Gasphasenabscheidung (PVD) auf innenraumseitige Oberfläche II der Außenscheibe oder auf die außenseitige Oberfläche III der Innenscheibe aufgebracht, besonders bevorzugt durch Kathodenzerstäubung („Sputtern“), ganz besonders bevorzugt durch magnetfeldunterstütze Kathodenzerstäubung. Es versteht sich, dass zum Anschluss des beheizbaren Elements an eine Spannungsquelle notwendige Stromsammelschienen (Busbars) vor dem Laminationsschritt aufgebracht werden. If the heatable element is designed as a heatable coating, this is preferably applied by physical vapor deposition (PVD) to the interior surface II of the outer pane or to the outside surface III of the inner pane, particularly preferably by cathode atomization ("sputtering"), very particularly preferably by magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering. It goes without saying that busbars required for connecting the heatable element to a voltage source are applied before the lamination step.
Soll die Verbundscheibe gebogen sein, so werden die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe bevorzugt vor der Lamination und bevorzugt nach etwaigen Beschichtungsprozessen einem Biegeprozess unterzogen. Bevorzugt werden die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe gemeinsam (d.h. zeitgleich und durch dasselbe Werkzeug) kongruent gebogen, weil dadurch die Form der Scheiben für die später erfolgende Laminierung optimal aufeinander abgestimmt sind. Typische Temperaturen für Glasbiegeprozesse betragen beispielsweise 500°C bis 700°C. If the composite pane is to be curved, the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably subjected to a bending process before lamination and preferably after any coating processes. The outer pane and the inner pane are preferably bent congruently together (i.e. at the same time and using the same tool), because the shape of the panes is then optimally matched to one another for the lamination that takes place later. Typical temperatures for glass bending processes are 500°C to 700°C, for example.
In einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung erst nach dem Laminationsprozess auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche (IV) der Innenscheibe und/oder die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung erst nach dem Laminationsprozess auf die außenseitige Oberfläche (I) der Außenscheibe aufgebracht. In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the thermal radiation-reflecting coating is only applied to the interior surface (IV) of the inner pane after the lamination process and/or the thermal radiation-reflecting coating is applied to the outer surface (I) of the outer pane only after the lamination process.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe kann in einem Fahrzeug zu Wasser, zu Lande oder in der Luft, bevorzugt als Windschutzscheibe eines Fahrzeugs, besonders bevorzugt als Windschutzscheibe eines Kraftfahrzeugs, insbesondere Personenkraftwagens, verwendet werden. Alternativ kann die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe auch in einer Gebäudeverglasung oder in einer sonstigen Architekturverglasung eingesetzt werden. The composite pane according to the invention can be used in a vehicle on water, on land or in the air, preferably as a windscreen of a vehicle, particularly preferably as a windscreen of a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car. Alternatively, the laminated pane according to the invention can also be used in building glazing or in other architectural glazing.
Die verschiedenen Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung können einzeln oder in beliebigen Kombinationen realisiert sein. Insbesondere sind die vorstehend genannten und nachstehend erläuterten Merkmale nicht nur in den angegebenen Kombinationen, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung einsetzbar, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen. The various configurations of the invention can be implemented individually or in any combination. In particular, the features mentioned above and explained below can be used not only in the specified combinations, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert, wobei Bezug auf die beigefügten Figuren genommen wird. Die Figuren schränken die Erfindung in keiner Weise ein. Es zeigen in vereinfachter, nicht maßstäblicher Darstellung: The invention will now be explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments, reference being made to the attached figures. The figures do not limit the invention in any way. They show in a simplified representation that is not to scale:
Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe, Fig. 2 den Querschnitt durch die in der Fig. 1 gezeigte Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe, Fig. 3 den Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen1 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows the cross section through the embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention shown in FIG. 3 shows the cross section through a further embodiment of one according to the invention
Verbundscheibe, laminated pane,
Fig. 4 den Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen4 shows the cross section through a further embodiment of one according to the invention
Verbundscheibe, laminated pane,
Fig. 5 den Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen5 shows the cross section through a further embodiment of one according to the invention
Verbundscheibe, laminated pane,
Fig. 6 den Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe, 6 shows the cross section through a further embodiment of a laminated pane according to the invention,
Fig. 7 den Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe, und 7 shows the cross section through a further embodiment of a laminated pane according to the invention, and
Fig. 8 den Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen8 shows the cross section through a further embodiment of one according to the invention
Verbundscheibe. composite pane.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 1 und Fig. 2 zeigt den Querschnitt durch die in der Fig. 1 gezeigte Verbundscheibe entlang der Schnittlinie X-X‘. Wie in den Fig. 1 und 2 zu sehen ist, weist die Verbundscheibe 1 eine Oberkante O und eine Unterkante U und zwei Seitenkanten S auf. Die Verbundscheibe 1 umfasst eine Außenscheibe 2 und eine Innenscheibe 3, die über eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4 miteinander laminiert und dadurch dauerhaft verbunden sind. Die Verbundscheibe 1 ist beispielsweise als Windschutzscheibe eines Personenkraftwagens vorgesehen, wobei die Außenscheibe 2 dafür vorgesehen ist, der äußeren Umgebung zugewandt zu sein, und die Innenscheibe 3 dafür vorgesehen ist, dem Fahrzeuginnenraum zugewandt zu sein. Die Außenscheibe 2 weist eine außenseitige Oberfläche I und eine innenraumseitige Oberfläche II auf. Die Innenscheibe 3 weist eine außenseitige Oberfläche III und eine innenraumseitige Oberfläche IV auf. Die außenseitigen Oberflächen I und III sind in Einbaulage der äußeren Umgebung zugewandt, die innenraumseitigen Oberflächen II und IV sind in Einbaulage dem Fahrzeuginnenraum zugewandt. Die innenraumseitige Oberfläche II der Außenscheibe 2 und die außenseitige Oberfläche III der Innenscheibe 3 sind einander zugewandt. Die Außenscheibe 2 enthält beispielsweise Kalk-Natron-Glas und weist beispielsweise eine Dicke von 2,1 mm auf. Die Innenscheibe 3 enthält beispielsweise Kalk- Natron-Glas und weist beispielsweise eine Dicke von 1 ,6 mm auf. Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4 enthält oder besteht aus Polyvinylbutyral (PVB) und weist beispielsweise eine Dicke von 0,76 mm auf. Es versteht sich, dass erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheiben 1 auch andere an den jeweiligen Einzelfall angepasste Dimensionen und insbesondere andere Schichtdicken für Außenscheibe 2, Innenscheibe 3 und thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4 aufweisen können. Auf der außenseitigen Oberfläche III der Innenscheibe 3 ist ein beheizbares Element s in Form einer beheizbaren Beschichtung angeordnet. Die beheizbare Beschichtung ist beispielweise wie in derWO 2020/094422 A 1 beschrieben aufgebaut und umfasst mindestens vier elektrisch leitfähige Silberschichten, welche jeweils zwischen zwei dielektrischen Schichten oder Schichtenfolgen angeordnet sind, wobei die Summe der Dicken aller elektrisch leitfähigen Silberschichten höchstens 30 nm beträgt und wobei mindestens eine der elektrisch leitfähigen Silberschichten eine Dicke von höchstens 5 nm aufweist. FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention and FIG. 2 shows the cross section through the composite pane shown in FIG. 1 along the section line XX′. As can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, the laminated pane 1 has an upper edge O and a lower edge U and two side edges S. FIG. The laminated pane 1 comprises an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3, which are laminated to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and are thereby permanently connected. The composite pane 1 is provided, for example, as a windshield of a passenger car, with the outer pane 2 being intended to face the outside environment and the inner pane 3 being intended to face the vehicle interior. The outer pane 2 has an outside surface I and an inside surface II. The inner pane 3 has an outside surface III and an inside surface IV. The outside surfaces I and III face the outside environment in the installed position, the interior surfaces II and IV face the vehicle interior in the installed position. The interior surface II of the outer pane 2 and the outside surface III of the inner pane 3 face each other. The outer pane 2 contains, for example, soda-lime glass and has a thickness of 2.1 mm, for example. The inner pane 3 contains, for example, soda-lime glass and has a thickness of 1.6 mm, for example. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 contains or consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and has a thickness of 0.76 mm, for example. It goes without saying that composite panes 1 according to the invention can also have other dimensions adapted to the respective individual case and in particular other layer thicknesses for the outer pane 2 , inner pane 3 and thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 . A heatable element s in the form of a heatable coating is arranged on the outside surface III of the inner pane 3 . The heatable coating is constructed, for example, as described in WO 2020/094422 A1 and comprises at least four electrically conductive silver layers, each of which is arranged between two dielectric layers or layer sequences, the sum of the thicknesses of all electrically conductive silver layers being at most 30 nm and at least one of the electrically conductive silver layers has a maximum thickness of 5 nm.
Auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche IV der Innenscheibe 3 ist eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung 6 angeordnet. Die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung 6 umfasst beispielsweise eine funktionelle ITO-Schicht mit einer Dicke von 60 nm bis 150 nm und außerdem weitere dielektrische Schichten ober- und unterhalb der funktionellen Schicht, insbesondere aus Al-dotiertem SiÜ2 und Sisl^ . A coating 6 reflecting heat rays is arranged on the interior surface IV of the inner pane 3 . The coating 6 that reflects heat radiation includes, for example, a functional ITO layer with a thickness of 60 nm to 150 nm and also further dielectric layers above and below the functional layer, in particular made of Al-doped SiO 2 and SiI 2 .
Die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung 6 verringert zum einen die Abstrahlung der von dem als beheizbare Beschichtung ausgebildeten beheizbaren Element 5 abgegebenen Wärmestrahlung durch die Verbundscheibe in den Fahrzeuginnenraum. Zum anderen verringert die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung 6 auch die Abstrahlung von Wärmestrahlung aus dem Fahrzeuginnenraum bei niedrigen Außentemperaturen. The thermal radiation reflecting coating 6 reduces the radiation of the thermal radiation emitted by the heatable element 5 designed as a heatable coating through the laminated pane into the vehicle interior. On the other hand, the thermal radiation-reflecting coating 6 also reduces the emission of thermal radiation from the vehicle interior at low outside temperatures.
Das beheizbare Elements 5 kann über Stromsammelschienen (Busbars) an eine Spannungsquelle angeschlossen werden (in den Fig. 1 und 2 nicht eingezeichnet). The heatable element 5 can be connected to a voltage source via busbars (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2).
In der Fig. 3 ist der Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 1 dargestellt. Die in der Fig. 3 im Querschnitt dargestellte Verbundscheibe 1 unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 2 im Querschnitt dargestellten Verbundscheibe 1 nur dahingehend, dass das als beheizbare Beschichtung ausgebildete beheizbare Element 5 nicht auf der außenseitige Oberfläche III der Innenscheibe 3, sondern auf der innenraumseitige Oberfläche II der Außenscheibe 2 aufgebracht ist. 3 shows the cross section of a further embodiment of a laminated pane 1 according to the invention. The composite pane 1 shown in cross section in Fig. 3 differs from the composite pane 1 shown in cross section in Fig. 2 only in that the heatable element 5 designed as a heatable coating is not on the outside surface III of the inner pane 3, but on the interior surface II of the outer pane 2 is applied.
Die Fig. 4 zeigt einen Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 1. Die in der Fig. 4 im Querschnitt dargestellte Verbundscheibe 1 umfasst eine Außenscheibe 2 und eine Innenscheibe 3, die über eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4 miteinander laminiert und dadurch dauerhaft verbunden sind. Die Verbundscheibe 1 ist beispielsweise als Windschutzscheibe eines Personenkraftwagens vorgesehen, wobei die Außenscheibe 2 dafür vorgesehen ist, der äußeren Umgebung zugewandt zu sein, und die Innenscheibe 3 dafür vorgesehen ist, dem Fahrzeuginnenraum zugewandt zu sein. Die Außenscheibe 2 weist eine außenseitige Oberfläche I und eine innenraumseitige Oberfläche II auf. Die Innenscheibe 3 weist eine außenseitige Oberfläche III und eine innenraumseitige Oberfläche IV auf. Die außenseitigen Oberflächen I und III sind in Einbaulage der äußeren Umgebung zugewandt, die innenraumseitigen Oberflächen II und IV sind in Einbaulage dem Fahrzeuginnenraum zugewandt. Die innenraumseitige Oberfläche II der Außenscheibe 2 und die außenseitige Oberfläche III der Innenscheibe 3 sind einander zugewandt. Die Außenscheibe 2 enthält beispielsweise Kalk-Natron-Glas und weist beispielsweise eine Dicke von 2,1 mm auf. Die Innenscheibe 3 enthält beispielsweise Kalk- Natron-Glas und weist beispielsweise eine Dicke von 1 ,6 mm auf. Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4 enthält oder besteht aus Polyvinylbutyral (PVB) und weist beispielsweise eine Dicke von 0,76 mm auf. Es versteht sich, dass erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheiben 1 auch andere an den jeweiligen Einzelfall angepasste Dimensionen und insbesondere andere Schichtdicken für Außenscheibe 2, Innenscheibe 3 und thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4 aufweisen können. 4 shows a cross section of a further embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention. The composite pane 1 shown in cross section in FIG. The laminated pane 1 is intended, for example, as a windshield of a passenger car, with the outer pane 2 intended to face the outside environment and the inner pane 3 intended to face the vehicle interior to be facing. The outer pane 2 has an outside surface I and an inside surface II. The inner pane 3 has an outside surface III and an inside surface IV. The outside surfaces I and III face the outside environment in the installed position, the interior surfaces II and IV face the vehicle interior in the installed position. The interior surface II of the outer pane 2 and the outside surface III of the inner pane 3 face each other. The outer pane 2 contains, for example, soda-lime glass and has a thickness of 2.1 mm, for example. The inner pane 3 contains, for example, soda-lime glass and has a thickness of 1.6 mm, for example. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 contains or consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and has a thickness of 0.76 mm, for example. It goes without saying that composite panes 1 according to the invention can also have other dimensions adapted to the respective individual case and in particular other layer thicknesses for the outer pane 2 , inner pane 3 and thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 .
Auf der innenseitigen Oberfläche II der Außenscheibe 2 ist ein beheizbares Element 5 in Form einer beheizbaren Beschichtung angeordnet. A heatable element 5 in the form of a heatable coating is arranged on the inside surface II of the outer pane 2 .
Die beheizbare Beschichtung ist beispielweise wie in der WO 2020/094422 A1 beschrieben aufgebaut und umfasst mindestens vier elektrisch leitfähige Silberschichten, welche jeweils zwischen zwei dielektrischen Schichten oder Schichtenfolgen angeordnet sind, wobei die Summe der Dicken aller elektrisch leitfähigen Silberschichten höchstens 30 nm beträgt und wobei mindestens eine der elektrisch leitfähigen Silberschichten eine Dicke von höchstens 5 nm aufweist. The heatable coating is constructed, for example, as described in WO 2020/094422 A1 and comprises at least four electrically conductive silver layers, each of which is arranged between two dielectric layers or layer sequences, the sum of the thicknesses of all electrically conductive silver layers being at most 30 nm and at least one of the electrically conductive silver layers has a maximum thickness of 5 nm.
Auf der außenseitigen Oberfläche I der Außenscheibe 2 ist eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung 6 angeordnet. Die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung 6 umfasst beispielsweise eine funktionelle ITO-Schicht mit einer Dicke von 60 nm bis 150 nm und außerdem weitere dielektrische Schichten ober- und unterhalb der funktionellen Schicht, insbesondere aus Al-dotiertem SiÜ2 und SisN^ On the outside surface I of the outer pane 2 there is a coating 6 which reflects heat rays. The coating 6 that reflects heat radiation includes, for example, a functional ITO layer with a thickness of 60 nm to 150 nm and also further dielectric layers above and below the functional layer, in particular made of Al-doped SiO 2 and SisN 4
Die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung 6 verringert zum einen die Abstrahlung der von dem als beheizbare Beschichtung ausgebildeten beheizbaren Element 5 abgegebenen Wärmestrahlung durch die Verbundscheibe nach außen. Zum anderen verringert die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung 6 auch die Abstrahlung von Wärmestrahlung aus dem Fahrzeuginnenraum bei niedrigen Außentemperaturen. Fig. 5 zeigt den Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 1. Die in der Fig. 5 im Querschnitt gezeigte Verbundscheibe 1 unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 4 im Querschnitt gezeigten nur dahingehend, dass das als beheizbare Beschichtung ausgebildete beheizbare Element 5 nicht auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche II der Außenscheibe 2, sondern auf der außenseitigen Oberfläche III der Innenscheibe 3 angeordnet ist. The thermal radiation reflecting coating 6 reduces the radiation of the thermal radiation emitted by the heatable element 5 designed as a heatable coating through the laminated pane to the outside. On the other hand, the thermal radiation-reflecting coating 6 also reduces the emission of thermal radiation from the vehicle interior at low outside temperatures. Fig. 5 shows the cross section of a further embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention. The composite pane 1 shown in cross section in Fig. 5 differs from that shown in cross section in Fig. 4 only in that the heatable element 5 designed as a heatable coating does not on the inside surface II of the outer pane 2, but on the outside surface III of the inner pane 3 is arranged.
Fig. 6 zeigt den Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 1. Die in der Fig. 6 im Querschnitt gezeigte Verbundscheibe 1 unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 2 im Querschnitt gezeigten nur dahingehend, dass zusätzlich auf der außenseitigen Oberfläche I der Außenscheibe 2 eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung 6 aufgebracht ist. Fig. 6 shows the cross section of a further embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention. The composite pane 1 shown in cross section in Fig. 6 differs from that shown in cross section in Fig. 2 only in that on the outside surface I of the outer pane 2 a thermal radiation reflecting coating 6 is applied.
Fig. 7 zeigt den Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 1. Die in der Fig. 7 im Querschnitt gezeigte Verbundscheibe 1 unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 3 im Querschnitt gezeigten nur dahingehend, dass zusätzlich auf der außenseitigen Oberfläche I der Außenscheibe 2 eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung 6 aufgebracht ist. Fig. 7 shows the cross section of a further embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention. The composite pane 1 shown in cross section in Fig. 7 differs from that shown in cross section in Fig. 3 only in that on the outside surface I of the outer pane 2 a thermal radiation reflecting coating 6 is applied.
In der Fig. 8 ist der Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 1 dargestellt. Die in der Fig. 8 im Querschnitt dargestellte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 1 unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 2 dargestellten nur dahingehend, dass das beheizbare Element 5 als eine Anordnung von beheizbaren Drähten ausgebildet ist. Bei den beheizbaren Drähten handelt es sich beispielsweise um Wolframdrähte mit einem Durchmesser zwischen 10 pm und 33 pm. Es kann sich dabei beispielsweise um mehrere parallel zueinander angeordnete Drähte oder um einen einzelnen Draht, der sich schlangenlinienförmig über die außenseitige Oberfläche III der Innenscheibe 3 erstreckt, handeln. Bezugszeichenliste FIG. 8 shows the cross section of a further embodiment of a laminated pane 1 according to the invention. The embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention shown in cross section in FIG. 8 differs from that shown in FIG. 2 only in that the heatable element 5 is designed as an arrangement of heatable wires. The wires that can be heated are, for example, tungsten wires with a diameter between 10 μm and 33 μm. This can involve, for example, a plurality of wires arranged parallel to one another or a single wire which extends in a serpentine manner over the outside surface III of the inner pane 3 . Reference List
1 Verbundscheibe 1 composite pane
2 Außenscheibe 2 outer pane
3 Innenscheibe 4 thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 3 inner pane 4 thermoplastic intermediate layer
5 beheizbares Element 5 heatable element
6 Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung6 heat ray reflective coating
X-X‘ Schnittlinie X-X' cutting line
O Oberkante U Unterkante O upper edge U lower edge
S Seitenkante S side edge

Claims

Patentansprüche Verbundscheibe (1), mindestens umfassend eine laminierte Stapelfolge aus einer Außenscheibe Claims Laminated pane (1), at least comprising a laminated stack sequence of an outer pane
(2) mit einer außenseitigen Oberfläche (I) und einer innenraumseitigen Oberfläche (II), einer Innenscheibe (2) having an outside surface (I) and an inside surface (II), an inner pane
(3) mit einer außenseitigen Oberfläche (III) und einer innenraumseitigen Oberfläche (IV), und mindestens einer thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht (3) having an outside surface (III) and an inside surface (IV), and at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer
(4), welche die innenraumseitige Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe (2) mit der außenseitigen Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe (3) verbindet, wobei ein beheizbares Element (5) direkt auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe (2) oder auf die außenseitige Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe (3) aufgebracht ist, und eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung (6) direkt auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche (IV) der Innenscheibe (3) und/oder eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung (6) direkt auf die außenseitige Oberfläche (I) der Außenscheibe (2) aufgebracht ist. Verbundscheibe (1) nach Anspruch 1 , wobei das beheizbare Element (5) direkt auf die außenseitige Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe (3) aufgebracht ist und eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung (6) direkt auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche (IV) der Innenscheibe (3) aufgebracht ist. Verbundscheibe (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das beheizbare Element (5) direkt auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe (1) aufgebracht ist und eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung (6) direkt auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche (IV) der Innenscheibe (3) aufgebracht ist. Verbundscheibe (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das beheizbare Element (5) direkt auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe (1) aufgebracht ist und eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung (6) direkt auf außenseitige Oberfläche (I) der Außenscheibe (2) aufgebracht ist. Verbundscheibe (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das beheizbare Element (4) which connects the interior surface (II) of the outer pane (2) to the outside surface (III) of the inner pane (3), a heatable element (5) being applied directly to the interior surface (II) of the outer pane (2) or is applied to the outside surface (III) of the inner pane (3), and a thermal radiation-reflecting coating (6) directly onto the interior surface (IV) of the inner pane (3) and/or a thermal radiation-reflecting coating (6) directly onto the outside surface (I) of the outer pane (2) is applied. Laminated pane (1) according to claim 1, wherein the heatable element (5) is applied directly to the outside surface (III) of the inner pane (3) and a thermal radiation-reflecting coating (6) is applied directly to the interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane (3 ) is upset. Laminated pane (1) according to Claim 1, in which the heatable element (5) is applied directly to the interior-side surface (II) of the outer pane (1) and a thermal radiation-reflecting coating (6) is applied directly to the interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane (3 ) is upset. Laminated pane (1) according to Claim 1, in which the heatable element (5) is applied directly to the interior surface (II) of the outer pane (1) and a thermal radiation-reflecting coating (6) is applied directly to the outside surface (I) of the outer pane (2) is upset. Laminated pane (1) according to claim 1, wherein the heatable element
(5) direkt auf die außenseitige Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe (3) aufgebracht ist und eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung (6) direkt auf außenseitige Oberfläche (I) der Außenscheibe (2) aufgebracht ist. (5) is applied directly to the outside surface (III) of the inner pane (3) and a Coating (6) reflecting heat rays is applied directly to the outside surface (I) of the outer pane (2).
6. Verbundscheibe (1) nach Anspruch 1 , wobei das beheizbare Element (5) direkt auf die außenseitige Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe (3) aufgebracht ist, eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung (6) direkt auf die außenseitige Oberfläche (IV) der Innenscheibe (3) aufgebracht ist und eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung (6) direkt auf die außenseitige Oberfläche (I) der Außenscheibe (2) aufgebracht ist. 6. Laminated pane (1) according to claim 1, wherein the heatable element (5) is applied directly to the outside surface (III) of the inner pane (3), a thermal radiation-reflecting coating (6) directly to the outside surface (IV) of the inner pane (3) is applied and a thermal radiation-reflecting coating (6) is applied directly to the outside surface (I) of the outer pane (2).
7. Verbundscheibe (1) nach Anspruch 1 , wobei das beheizbare Element (5) direkt auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe (1) aufgebracht ist, eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung (6) direkt auf die außenseitige Oberfläche (IV) der Innenscheibe (3) aufgebracht ist und eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung (6) direkt auf die außenseitige Oberfläche (I) der Außenscheibe (2) aufgebracht ist. 7. Laminated pane (1) according to claim 1, wherein the heatable element (5) is applied directly to the interior surface (II) of the outer pane (1), a thermal radiation-reflecting coating (6) directly to the outside surface (IV) of the inner pane (3) is applied and a thermal radiation-reflecting coating (6) is applied directly to the outside surface (I) of the outer pane (2).
8. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei das beheizbare Element (5) als eine beheizbare Beschichtung ausgebildet ist. 8. Composite pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the heatable element (5) is designed as a heatable coating.
9. Verbundscheibe (1) nach Anspruch 8, wobei die beheizbare Beschichtung ein Schichtsystem mit mindestens einer zwischen dielektrischen Oxid- oder Nitridschichten eingebetteten Metallschicht, insbesondere mindestens einer metallischen Silberschicht, umfasst. 9. Laminated pane (1) according to claim 8, wherein the heatable coating comprises a layer system with at least one metal layer embedded between dielectric oxide or nitride layers, in particular at least one metallic silver layer.
10. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei das beheizbare Element (5) als mindestens ein beheizbarer Draht ausgebildet ist. 10. Laminated pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the heatable element (5) is designed as at least one heatable wire.
11. Verbundscheibe (1) nach Anspruch 10, wobei das beheizbare Element (5) als mindestens ein beheizbarer Wolframdraht ausgebildet ist. 11. Composite pane (1) according to claim 10, wherein the heatable element (5) is designed as at least one heatable tungsten wire.
12. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 , wobei die Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung (6) ein transparentes leitfähiges Oxid enthält, bevorzugt Indiumzinnoxid, mit Antimon oder Fluor dotiertes Zinnoxid und/oder mit Aluminium dotierte Zinkoxid (ZnO:AI) und/oder Gallium dotiertes Zinkoxid (ZnO:Ga) enthält und besonders bevorzugt aus Indiumzinnoxid besteht. 12. Laminated pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the thermal radiation-reflecting coating (6) contains a transparent conductive oxide, preferably indium tin oxide, tin oxide doped with antimony or fluorine and/or zinc oxide doped with aluminum (ZnO:Al) and / or gallium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Ga) and particularly preferably consists of indium tin oxide.
13. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei die Außenscheibe (2) und/oder die Innenscheibe (3) eine Dicke von 0,5 mm bis 4 mm, besonders bevorzugt von 1,6 mm bis 2,1 mm aufweisen. 13. Composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the outer pane (2) and / or the inner pane (3) has a thickness of 0.5 mm to 4 mm, particularly preferably from 1.6 mm to 2.1 mm.
14. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, wobei das beheizbare Element (5) an eine Spannungsquelle angeschlossen ist. 14. Laminated pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the heatable element (5) is connected to a voltage source.
15. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, wobei zumindest a) eine Außenscheibe (2) mit einer außenseitigen Oberfläche (I) und einer innenraumseitigen Oberfläche (II), eine Innenscheibe (3) mit einer außenseitigen Oberfläche (III) und einer innenraumseitigen Oberfläche (IV), und mindestens eine thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht (4) bereitgestellt werden, wobei ein beheizbares Element (5) direkt auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe (2) oder auf die außenseitige Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe (3) aufgebracht ist und eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung (6) direkt auf die innenraumseitige Oberfläche (IV) der Innenscheibe (3) und/oder eine Wärmestrahlen reflektierende Beschichtung (6) direkt auf die außenseitige Oberfläche (I) der Außenscheibe (2) aufgebracht ist; b) eine Stapelfolge aus der Außenscheibe (2), der mindestens einen thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht (4) und der Innenscheibe (3), derart gebildet wird, dass die innenraumseitige Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe (2) und die außenseitige Oberfläche (III) der Innenscheibe (3) einander zugewandt sind und die mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (4) zwischen der Außenscheibe (2) und der Innenscheibe (3) angeordnet ist; c) die Außenscheibe (2) und die Innenscheibe (3) über die mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (4) zu einer Verbundscheibe (1) in einem Laminationsverfahren verbunden werden. 15. The method for producing a composite pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein at least a) an outer pane (2) with an outside surface (I) and an inside surface (II), an inner pane (3) with an outside Surface (III) and an interior surface (IV), and at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) are provided, with a heatable element (5) being applied directly to the interior surface (II) of the outer pane (2) or to the outside surface (III ) is applied to the inner pane (3) and a coating (6) reflecting heat rays is applied directly to the interior surface (IV) of the inner pane (3) and/or a coating (6) reflecting heat rays is applied directly to the outside surface (I) of the outer pane ( 2) applied; b) a stack sequence consisting of the outer pane (2), the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) and the inner pane (3) is formed in such a way that the interior surface (II) of the outer pane (2) and the outside surface (III) of the inner pane (3) face each other and the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) is arranged between the outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3); c) the outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3) are connected via the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) to form a composite pane (1) in a lamination process.
EP21785877.8A 2020-10-01 2021-09-29 Composite pane Pending EP4221978A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE102020125722 2020-10-01
DE202020105642.5U DE202020105642U1 (en) 2020-10-01 2020-10-01 compound pane
PCT/EP2021/076762 WO2022069526A1 (en) 2020-10-01 2021-09-29 Composite pane

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EP4221978A1 true EP4221978A1 (en) 2023-08-09

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US (1) US20230405975A1 (en)
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CN (1) CN114616098A (en)
WO (1) WO2022069526A1 (en)

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DE20321682U1 (en) 2003-11-07 2008-11-13 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Heatable composite disc
FR2898295B1 (en) 2006-03-10 2013-08-09 Saint Gobain TRANSPARENT ANTIREFLECTION SUBSTRATE WITH NEUTRAL COLOR IN REFLECTION
DE202008017848U1 (en) 2008-04-10 2010-09-23 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Transparent disc with a heatable coating and low-resistance conductive layers
DE102008029986B4 (en) 2008-06-24 2017-03-23 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Transparent disc with a heatable coating
EA027237B1 (en) 2011-06-10 2017-07-31 Сэн-Гобэн Гласс Франс Heatable composite pane having a security function
KR101574456B1 (en) 2012-01-10 2015-12-11 쌩-고벵 글래스 프랑스 Transparent panel with electrically conductive coating
EP2803245B1 (en) 2012-01-10 2017-03-08 Saint-Gobain Glass France Transparent pane with electrically heatable coating
MX358614B (en) 2012-03-05 2018-08-29 Saint Gobain Sheet with coating which reflects thermal radiation.
PT3178295T (en) 2014-08-08 2018-12-03 Saint Gobain Transparent pane with an electrical heating layer, method for its production and its use
MX2018005579A (en) * 2015-11-06 2018-08-01 Saint Gobain Electrically heatable composite pane having a capacitive switching region.
BR112020007393A2 (en) 2018-03-22 2020-09-29 Saint-Gobain Glass France projection arrangement for a frontal piloting collimator (hud) with portions of p-polarized light
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CN114616098A (en) 2022-06-10
US20230405975A1 (en) 2023-12-21

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