CN116529105A

CN116529105A - Composite glass plate for carrier

Info

Publication number: CN116529105A
Application number: CN202280005664.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: M·鲍登; G·夏尔
Original assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Current assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Priority date: 2021-11-29
Filing date: 2022-11-21
Publication date: 2023-08-01
Also published as: WO2023094295A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle composite glass pane (100) which is designed as a combined front glass pane, top glass pane and rear glass pane, has a lower edge (UK) and an upper edge (OK) and two lateral glass pane edges (SK), and comprises at least an outer glass pane (1) having an outer side surface (I) and an inner side surface (II), wherein-the vehicle composite glass pane (100) has a first region (A1) starting from the lower edge (UK) and a third region (A3) extending to the upper edge (OK) and a second region (A2) extending from the first region (A1) to the third region (A3), said first region being designed to be suitable as a front glass pane, said third region being designed to be suitable as a rear glass pane, said second region being designed to be suitable as a top glass pane, and-the first inner glass pane (2.1) having an outer side surface (III) and an inner side surface (IV) has substantially the dimensions of the first region (A1), and-the first inner glass pane (2.1) engages firmly in the outer side surface (III) of the first glass pane (A1).

Description

Composite glass plate for carrier

The present invention relates to a vehicle composite glass pane designed as a combined front glass pane, top glass pane and rear glass pane, having a continuous seamless outer glass pane, in particular a combined windscreen pane, top glass pane and rear glass pane for a passenger motor vehicle, and to the use thereof.

Panoramic glass panels, in particular those which extend in the top direction and allow a vehicle occupant to have a widened field of view compared to normal standard glass panels, are becoming increasingly popular in vehicle manufacture, see for example EP 1 859 975 A2, US 2015/367782 A1, US 5 009 463A, WO 2020/109984 A1 or US 4 712 287A. Such panoramic glass sheets are designed to be relatively large due to the widened glass sheet area and viewable area. Vehicles with panoramic glass panels often also have a relatively large top glass panel that fits closely or snugly adjacent to the panoramic windshield panel, see for example EP 1 068 969 A1.

EP 3,157,774 B1 discloses a vehicle glazing comprising a windscreen panel with two glass plies and an electrically operated visor integrated therebetween, the upper edge of which extends in such a way that it provides a driver with a widened vertical viewing angle of at least 45 degrees, as described in SAE standard J903 in 1999. The windscreen panel disclosed in EP 3 157 774 B1 may also comprise the entire roof and even the rear glass panel. In this context, it is also possible to integrate electrical wires, transparent conductive films or other forms of resistive heating, infrared-reflective coatings and films, photochromic coatings and films, coloring compositions and interlayers, and also heat-absorbing, security and hardening interlayers in the vehicle glazing.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved vehicle composite glass sheet having a continuous seamless outer glass sheet.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a vehicle composite glass pane according to independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims.

The vehicle composite glass sheet according to the invention is designed as a combined front glass sheet, top glass sheet and rear glass sheet, has a lower edge, an upper edge and two lateral glass sheet edges, and comprises an outer glass sheet having an outer side surface and an inner side surface, a first inner glass sheet having an outer side surface and an inner side surface, wherein the vehicle composite glass sheet has a first region starting from the lower edge and a third region starting from the upper edge and a second region between the first region and the third region, and the regions are contiguous to each other. The first inner glass pane is preferably firmly joined with its outer surface to the inner surface of the outer glass pane only in the first region.

Here, the size of the first inner glass plate substantially corresponds to the size of the first region.

The first region of the vehicle composite glass pane is designed such that it is suitable as front glass pane or windshield pane of the vehicle and preferably meets the respective legal requirements, for example in accordance with ECE R43. The second region is designed such that it is suitable as a roof glass panel for a vehicle. The third region is designed such that it is suitable as a rear glass panel for a vehicle.

In an advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, it is preferred that at least one further second inner glass pane having an outer side surface is firmly joined with the inner side surface of the outer glass pane only in the second region.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, it is preferred that at least one further third inner glass pane having an outer side surface is firmly joined with the inner side surface of the outer glass pane only in the third region.

Thus, a vehicle composite glass sheet according to the present invention has a single, continuous, seamless outer glass sheet and one or more inner glass sheets formed partially and securely joined to the inner side surface of the outer glass sheet.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the first inner glass pane and/or the second inner glass pane and/or the third inner glass pane or the other inner glass pane is/are firmly joined with the outer glass pane by lamination via at least one thermoplastic interlayer. It will be appreciated that the inner glass sheets may be laminated with the outer glass sheets by a plurality of thermoplastic interlayers, preferably each inner glass sheet being laminated with the outer glass sheet separately by a thermoplastic interlayer.

Each thermoplastic interlayer may have one or more monolayers joined to each other in a face-like fashion.

In an alternative advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the first inner glass pane and/or the second inner glass pane and/or the third inner glass pane or the other inner glass pane is firmly joined to the outer glass pane by means of an optically clear adhesive (OCA, optically clear adhesive), particularly preferably a liquid optically clear adhesive (LOCA, liquid optically clear adhesive) or an optically clear double-sided adhesive tape. Advantageous optically clear adhesives are adhesives based on silicone, epoxy or polyurethane. Typical optically clear adhesives, particularly liquid optically clear adhesives, can be cured (activated) by UV light, heat, or chemical (two-component OCA).

It should be understood that in a vehicle composite glass sheet, lamination via a thermoplastic interlayer and adhesion via an optically clear adhesive may be combined. For example, a first inner glass sheet may be laminated with an outer glass sheet in a first region by a thermoplastic interlayer and a second inner glass sheet is glued with the outer glass sheet in a second region by an optically clear adhesive.

As described above, the vehicle composite glass sheet has a first region from the lower edge, a third region from the upper edge, and a second region between the first region and the third region. The first and second regions and the second and third regions, respectively, adjoin each other in a transition region U.

As described above, the vehicle composite glass sheet includes an outer glass sheet and at least one first inner glass sheet that are securely joined to one another. The vehicle composite glass pane is arranged to isolate the interior space from the external environment in the window opening, in particular in the window opening of the vehicle. In the context of the present invention, an inner glass sheet refers to a glass sheet of a vehicle composite glass sheet that faces the interior space of the vehicle. The outer glass sheet refers to a glass sheet facing the external environment.

In an advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the first region serving as front glass pane, the second region serving as top glass pane and the third region serving as rear glass pane are designed to be bent outwards with respect to the vehicle interior space. In an alternative advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the first region serving as front glass pane and the third region serving as rear glass pane are designed to be bent outwards with respect to the vehicle interior space, and the second region serving as top glass pane is designed to be bent inwards with respect to the vehicle interior space.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the total radius of curvature R1 of the vehicle composite glass pane in the first region is less than or equal to 25000mm, preferably less than or equal to 15000mm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 10000mm. In a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the radius of curvature R1 of the vehicle composite glass pane in the region near the edge, in particular at the junction of the first region and the second region, is less than or equal to 2000mm, preferably less than or equal to 1000mm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 500mm, in particular less than or equal to 50mm. In a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the total radius of curvature R2 of the vehicle composite glass pane in the second region is less than or equal to 25000mm, preferably less than or equal to 15000mm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 10000mm. In a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the radius of curvature R2 of the vehicle composite glass pane in the region near the edge, in particular at the junction of the first region with the second region or the second region with the third region, is less than or equal to 2000mm, preferably less than or equal to 1000mm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 500mm, in particular less than or equal to 50mm. In a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the total radius of curvature R3 of the vehicle composite glass pane in the third region is less than or equal to 25000mm, preferably less than or equal to 15000mm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 10000mm. In a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the radius of curvature R3 of the vehicle composite glass pane in the region near the edge, in particular at the junction of the third region with the second region, is less than or equal to 2000mm, preferably less than or equal to 1000mm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 500mm, in particular less than or equal to 50mm.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the angle δ1 (delta 1) of the first region at the lower edge with respect to the horizontal is 10 ° to 80 °, preferably 20 ° to 60 °.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the angle delta 3 (delta 3) of the third region at the upper edge with respect to the horizontal is 10 ° to 80 °, preferably 20 ° to 60 °.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the angle γ (gamma) of the second region with respect to the horizontal direction at the boundary with the third region is from-20 ° to +20°, preferably from-10 ° to +10°.

In an advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass sheet according to the invention, the angle (α1+β) between the first region and the second region is less than or equal to 180 °. In the installed position in the vehicle, the second region serving as the top glass sheet is arranged substantially horizontally, i.e. at an angle β (beta) of about 90 ° to the vertical. At this time, the first region is arranged at an angle α1 (alpha 1) of 10 ° to 80 ° from the vertical direction, and the third region is arranged at an angle α3 (alpha 3) of 10 ° to 80 ° from the vertical direction.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the area of the first region is at least 10%, preferably 10% to 90%, particularly preferably 20% to 60% of the area of the outer glass pane (thus in particular the area of the sum of the areas of the first region, the second region and the third region). In a further advantageous embodiment, the area of the third region is at least 10%, preferably from 10% to 90%, particularly preferably from 20% to 60% of the area of the outer glass pane.

As described above, the vehicle composite glass sheet has upper and lower edges and two side edges extending therebetween. The upper edge refers to an edge that is arranged to be directed rearward in the mounted position. The lower edge refers to an edge that is arranged to be directed downward/forward in the mounted position. In the case of a vehicle composite glass sheet according to the invention, which is designed as a combined front glass sheet, top glass sheet and rear glass sheet, in the mounted position in the vehicle the upper edge corresponds to the end of the vehicle composite glass sheet, i.e. the rear edge of the rear glass sheet, and the lower edge corresponds to the engine edge. The vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention thus advantageously extends from the engine edge to the rear edge of the rear glass pane.

As described above, the outer glass sheet and the inner glass sheet(s) each have an outer side surface and an inner side surface. The surrounding sides extend therebetween. In the sense of the present invention, the outer side surface refers to a main surface which is arranged to face the external environment in the mounted position. In the sense of the present invention, the inner side surface refers to a main surface arranged to face the inner space in the mounted position. The inner side surface of the outer glass plate and the outer side surface of the inner glass plate face each other.

The surfaces of the outer glass sheet and the inner glass sheet(s) are generally identified as follows: the outer surface of the outer glass sheet is referred to as the I-plane. The inner side surface of the outer glass sheet is referred to as the II-side. The outer side surface of the inner glass sheet is referred to as the III-plane. The inner side surface of the inner glass sheet is referred to as the IV-face.

In an advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, a sun protection coating is applied on the inner side surface of the outer glass pane, which essentially reflects or absorbs light outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation, in particular infrared. It will be appreciated that such a sun protection coating may also be disposed on the outside surface of one or more of the inner glass sheets.

The sun protection coating is preferably provided as an IR reflective coating. In particular, the coating is applied to the entire surface of the glass sheet except for the surrounding edge region and optionally local regions which should ensure transmission of electromagnetic radiation through the composite glass sheet as communication, sensor or camera window and are therefore not provided with a coating. The width of the surrounding uncoated edge region is, for example, up to 20cm. It prevents the coating from coming into direct contact with the surrounding atmosphere, thereby protecting the coating inside the composite glass sheet from corrosion and damage.

The sun protection coating should be manufactured as a clear coating. Transparent coating is understood to mean a coating having an average transmission of at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, in the visible spectral range, which therefore does not significantly limit the transmission through the glass sheet. In particular, according to ECE R43, a total transmission of at least 70% must be suitable for a windscreen panel.

If the first layer is arranged above the second layer, this means in the sense of the invention that the first layer is arranged further away from the outer glass pane than the second layer. If the first layer is arranged below the second layer, this means in the sense of the invention that the second layer is arranged further away from the outer glass pane than the first layer.

If the layer is formed on the basis of a material, the layer essentially consists of the material, in particular essentially of the material, apart from possible impurities or dopants.

The sun protection coating is preferably a layer stack or a layer sequence, which is made in particular of a thin layer comprising a plurality of silver layers, wherein each silver layer is arranged between two dielectric layers or layer sequences, respectively. These dielectric layers or layer sequences are called dielectric modules. A dielectric module is thus understood to mean a dielectric layer which can be formed from a single layer, i.e. a single dielectric layer, or from a plurality of dielectric layer sublayers.

The sun protection coating has IR reflective properties such that it acts as a sun protection coating that reduces the temperature rise of the vehicle interior space by reflecting thermal radiation. The TTS value of the vehicle composite glass pane provided with the coating is preferably less than 50%, particularly preferably less than 45%, very particularly preferably less than 40%. The total transmitted solar energy measured according to ISO 13837 is referred to as TTS value-it is a measure of thermal comfort. The coating may also be used as a heating coating if it is in electrical contact such that an electrical current to heat the coating flows through it.

The sun protection coating is preferably applied on the inner side surface of the outer glass pane or on the outer side surface of the inner glass pane. In this way, the sun protection coating is protected from weather in the laminate of the vehicle composite glass sheet. Positioning the sun protection coating on the inner side surface of the outer glass pane, i.e. as close as possible to the outer side of the outer glass pane, is advantageous for particularly good sun protection. In contrast, the sun protection coating on the outer surface of the inner glass pane is easier to manufacture in terms of process technology. Both are further optimized by using a transparent uncolored outer glass plate.

The outer glass pane and the inner glass pane(s) are preferably made of glass, in particular soda lime glass, which is common for window glass panes. In principle, however, the glass plate can also be made of other types of glass (e.g. borosilicate glass, quartz glass, aluminosilicate glass) or transparent plastics (e.g. polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate). The thickness of the outer and inner glass sheets can vary widely. Glass sheets having a thickness of 0.8mm to 5mm, preferably 1.4mm to 2.9mm, such as those having a standard thickness of 1.6mm or 2.1mm, are preferably used. In particular, for the second inner glass plate, a thin glass having a thickness of 0.1mm to 0.3mm, preferably a chemically hardened thin glass, may also be used.

Alternatively, the second inner glass pane may in particular comprise or consist of a transparent plastic, preferably a rigid transparent plastic, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof.

The outer glass sheet and the inner glass sheet(s) may be transparent and colorless, but may also be tinted or colored. As described above, the first region of the vehicle composite glass sheet corresponds to the windshield sheet in the installed position, thus high transmittance in the visible spectral range is desired therein and the dark tint of the assembly is eliminated. In one embodiment, the total transmission through the composite glass in the first region is greater than 70% based on light type a. The term total transmittance is based on the method for testing the transmittance of a motor vehicle glazing panel specified by ECE-R43, appendix 3, section 9.1. The outer glass sheet and the inner glass sheet may be unstressed, partially prestressed or prestressed independently of each other. If at least one of the glass sheets should have a pre-stress, this may be thermal or chemical pre-stress.

In an advantageous embodiment, the outer glass pane is pre-stressed or partially pre-stressed, in particular if no second inner glass pane is arranged in the second region and/or no third inner glass pane is arranged in the third region.

The vehicle composite glass sheet is bent in one or more directions in space, as is commonly found for automotive glass sheets, with typical radii of curvature ranging from about 10cm to about 40m. Thus, the outer and inner glass sheets also bend in one or more directions in space.

The thermoplastic interlayer is formed from one or more thermoplastic films, wherein in the resulting vehicle composite glass sheet, the individual films in the resulting interlayer are optionally no longer distinguishable from each other.

The thermoplastic interlayer comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer, preferably Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or Polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, with PVB being particularly preferred. The thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably 0.2mm to 2mm, particularly preferably 0.3mm to 1mm. The thermoplastic intermediate layer may comprise one or more polymeric films. The individual polymer films of the thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably have a thickness of about 0.2mm to 1mm, for example 0.38mm, 0.76mm or 0.81 mm. Other properties of the vehicle composite glass sheet can be affected by the thickness of the film. For example, thicker films lead to improved acoustic damping effects (especially if they contain an acoustically effective core), improved theft protection of the vehicle composite glass sheet, and enhanced protection against ultraviolet radiation (UV protection). The thermoplastic interlayer may have a constant thickness or wedge shape, for example, to achieve a head-up display (HUD) in a vehicle composite glass sheet.

In another advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the vehicle composite glass pane may have a heat radiation reflective coating on at least the inner side surface of the outer glass pane in the second region or on the inner side surface of the second or third inner glass pane, which reduces the heat transfer. It will be appreciated that the heat radiation reflective coating may also be arranged on the inner side surface of the first inner glass plate.

Such a heat radiation reflective coating is for example known from WO2013/131667A1 or WO2019/110172 A1. The thermal radiation reflective coating may also be referred to as a thermal barrier coating, a low emissivity coating, a reduced emissivity coating, a low emissivity coating, or a low emissivity layer. Its purpose is to reflect thermal radiation, in particular IR radiation, which has a longer wavelength than the IR portion of solar radiation. At higher external temperatures, the low emissivity coating reflects heat back into the interior space and reduces cooling of the interior space. In the case of high external temperatures, the low-emissivity coating reflects the heat radiation of the heated vehicle composite glass sheet to the outside and reduces the temperature rise of the interior space, in addition to the sun protection coating. Together with the sun protection coating, the low-emissivity coating is particularly effective in reducing the heat radiation of the glass sheet to the interior space in summer and in reducing the heat radiation to the outside environment in winter.

The thermal radiation reflective coating preferably comprises a functional layer comprising a conductive oxide (also known as transparent conductive oxide or TCO), preferably Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) or tin oxide (SnO) ₂ ) Which is arranged between the dielectric layers. The dielectric layer may in particular be made of a dielectric oxide or nitride, e.g. ZnO, snZnO, alN, tiO ₂ 、SiO ₂ Or Si (or) ₃ N ₄ And (5) forming.

However, the functional layer of the heat radiation reflective coating may also contain other conductive oxides, such as fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO 2: F), antimony-doped tin oxide (SnO) ₂ : sb), indium zinc mixed oxide (IZO), gallium-doped or aluminum-doped zinc oxide, niobium-doped titanium oxide, cadmium stannate, and/or zinc stannate. This achieves particularly good results in terms of emissivity and bendability of the coating.

In one embodiment of the invention, the thermal radiation reflective coating has an emissivity of at most 50%, preferably at most 30%. The emissivity of the inner side is here a measure which describes how much heat radiation is emitted by a glass plate with a heat radiation reflective coating in the installed position compared to an ideal heat radiator (blackbody), for example, to the interior space in a building or a vehicle. In the sense of the present invention, emissivity is understood to mean the standard emissivity at 283K according to standard EN 12898.

The vehicle composite glass sheet preferably has an external energy reflectivity of RE >36%, preferably RE > 39%. The energy value RE is calculated according to standard ISO 9050.

The thermoplastic intermediate layer may preferably be colored or tinted at least in the second region. In a preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic intermediate layer is colored or tinted not only in the second region but also at the upper edge in the first region and/or in the third region, wherein the dye concentration in the thermoplastic intermediate layer in the first region preferably decreases in the direction of the lower edge. Thus, in this embodiment, the thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably has a color gradient.

Advantageously, the inner side surface of the outer glass pane has an opaque overlay print at least in the surrounding edge region of the vehicle composite glass pane. In addition to the opaque overlay print in the surrounding edge region, the vehicle composite glass sheet may also have an opaque overlay print in the transition region between the first region and the second region. Which covers a line of sight looking into the end of the first inner glass plate located below it or the transition of the first inner glass plate to the second inner glass plate. The cover print optionally widens in at least one region into the first region and may optionally have at least one cutout for the sensor window. Additionally or alternatively, the vehicle composite glass sheet may also have opaque overlay print in the transition region between the second region and the third region. Which covers a line of sight looking into the end of the second inner glass plate located below it or the transition of the second inner glass plate to the second inner glass plate.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, in the transition region between the first region and the second region, an external mount is arranged, preferably glued or pressed, on the inner side surface of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention.

The thermoplastic intermediate layer may be designed as one piece or consist of several parts welded to one another.

In one embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the vehicle composite glass pane also has an opaque overlay print in the region between the first region and the second region, and the thermoplastic interlayer consists of two parts welded together at a weld, wherein the weld is arranged exactly in the transition region in which the opaque overlay print is arranged when seen perpendicularly from the outside. Thus, the weld seam is covered by the opaque overlay print when viewed vertically from the outside. Alternatively or in combination, the vehicle composite glass pane also has an opaque overlay print in the region between the second region and the third region, and the thermoplastic interlayer preferably consists of two parts welded together at a weld, wherein the weld is arranged exactly in the transition region in which the opaque overlay print is arranged when seen perpendicularly from the outside. Thus, the weld seam is covered by the opaque overlay print when viewed vertically from the outside.

The opaque overlay print may be designed as, for example, an opaque enamel or an opaque paint. Suitable enamels or lacquers are known to the person skilled in the art.

The opaque overlay print preferably comprises at least one pigment and a frit. Which may contain other chemical compounds. The frit may be partially melted or fused and the overlay print may thereby be permanently bonded (fused or sintered) to the glass surface. The pigment provides opacity to the overlay print. Such a coating is usually applied as an enamel.

The printing ink used to form the opaque overlay print in enamel form preferably comprises at least pigments and glass frit suspended in a liquid phase (solvent), such as water or an organic solvent, such as alcohol. The pigment is typically a black pigment, such as pigment carbon black (carbon black), aniline black, bone black, iron oxide black, spinel black and/or graphite.

In one embodiment of the vehicle composite glass sheet according to the invention, the opaque overlay print is formed from a printing ink having decomposition properties relative to the sun protection coating.

For example, the decomposition properties of the printing ink with respect to the sun protection coating can be achieved by a suitable choice of the glass frit. It is preferably formed based on bismuth zinc borate. To achieve decomposition properties, the bismuth content and/or the boron content are preferably higher than in the case of conventional glass frits. For example, it is also possible to use the decomposition coating known from WO 2014/133929 A2.

Alternatively, the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also take on the covering function by coloring in the edge or transition region accordingly.

The vehicle composite glazing according to the invention may additionally comprise at least one functional element, preferably a switchable functional element and/or at least one lighting element. The functional element is preferably arranged in a second region of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention. However, it may also be arranged in the first region.

An example of a switchable functional element is an SPD functional element (spd=suspended particle device), which is known for example from EP 0876608 b1 and WO 2011033313 A1. The transmission of visible light through the SPD function element may be controlled by the applied voltage.

Another example is a PDLC functional element (pdlc=polymer dispersed liquid crystal), which is known, for example, from DE 102008026339 A1. The active layer here comprises liquid crystals embedded in a polymer matrix. If no voltage is applied, the liquid crystals will align in a disordered manner, which results in strong scattering of light passing through the active layer. If a voltage is applied to the planar electrode, the liquid crystals align in a common direction and increase the transmission of light through the active layer.

Another example is a PNLC functional element (pnlc=polymer network liquid crystal). The active layer here contains liquid crystals embedded in a polymer network, wherein the function is otherwise similar to that of a PDLC functional element.

Other examples are electrochromic functional elements or functional elements with liquid crystal dye cells (so-called guest-host cells).

SPD, PDLC and PNLC functions, electrochromic functions and functions with liquid crystal dye units are commercially available as functions.

Examples of lighting elements are, for example, LED lamps (led=light-emitting diode) or OLED lamps (oled=organic light-emitting diode) or light-scattering glass fibers. Suitable lighting devices for installation in a vehicle composite glazing panel according to the invention are known to those skilled in the art. Light can also be coupled into the composite glass sheet by the edges of the composite glass sheet of the vehicle and then coupled out again, for example through holes in the inner glass sheet of the composite glass sheet.

Other functional elements may be antennas, heating layers, heating wires or printed heating conductors, etc.

It should be understood that other glass sheet regions (e.g., fourth (left side) and fifth (right side) regions) may be arranged at the glass sheet edges of the sides of the vehicle composite glass sheet to form side glass sheets, particularly fixed rear side glass sheets, within the scope of the invention shown herein. For this purpose, the fourth and fifth regions can optionally be joined to the fourth and fifth inner glass pane and preferably have further functional elements.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a vehicle comprising a vehicle composite glass sheet according to the invention, wherein the first region is arranged as a front glass sheet, the second region is arranged as a top glass sheet, and the third region is arranged as a rear glass sheet.

The invention also includes a method of manufacturing a vehicle composite glass sheet according to the invention designed as a combined front glass sheet, top glass sheet and rear glass sheet, comprising the method steps of:

a) Providing an outer glass sheet having an outer side surface and an inner side surface, at least one first inner glass sheet having an outer side surface and an inner side surface, and a thermoplastic interlayer or optically clear adhesive;

b) Forming a layer stack comprising at least an outer glass sheet, a thermoplastic interlayer or an optically clear adhesive, and a first inner glass sheet in that order; and

c) At least the outer glass sheet, the thermoplastic interlayer, or the layer stack of optically clear adhesive and the first inner glass sheet are joined to form a vehicle composite glass sheet.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, in step b) an opaque overlay print is first applied, followed by the application of a sun protection coating. In this embodiment, the sun protection coating is thus applied on the inner side surface of the outer glass pane in the region where the opaque overlay print is not present and is also applied at least partially on the opaque overlay print.

In an alternative preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, in step b) a sun protection coating is first applied, followed by an opaque overlay print, wherein the opaque overlay print is formed from a printing ink having decomposition properties with respect to the sun protection coating. In this embodiment, the sun protection coating is thus applied on the inner side surface of the outer glass pane only in the areas without opaque overlay print.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, in a further step, a heat radiation reflective coating is applied to the inner side surface of the outer glass pane or the second inner glass pane or the third inner glass pane at least in the second region or the third region. A heat radiation reflective coating may also advantageously be applied to the inner side surface of the first inner glass plate.

Both the sun protection coating and the optional heat radiation reflective coating can withstand high heat loads, so that they also withstand temperature treatment or glass bending at temperatures typically exceeding 600 ℃ without damage.

The individual layers of the optional sun protection coating and of the optional thermal radiation reflection coating can be deposited by methods known per se, preferably by magnetic field assisted cathode sputtering, and are structured in suitable layer thicknesses and layer sequences. Cathode sputtering may occur in a protective gas atmosphere, such as that formed from argon, or in a reactive gas atmosphere, such as by the addition of oxygen or nitrogen. However, the individual layers may also be applied by other suitable methods known to the person skilled in the art, such as vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition.

The joining of the outer glass sheet and the inner glass sheet(s) via the thermoplastic interlayer to form the vehicle composite glass sheet is preferably performed by lamination under the influence of heat, vacuum and/or pressure. Methods known per se can be used for manufacturing the composite glass sheet.

For example, the so-called autoclave process may be carried out at an elevated pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and a temperature of 130 ℃ to 145 ℃ for about 2 hours. Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring processes operate, for example, at about 200 mbar and 80 to 110 ℃. The outer glass sheet, thermoplastic interlayer, and inner glass sheet may also be pressed into glass sheets in a calender between at least one pair of rolls. Apparatuses of this type are known for the production of glass sheets and generally have at least one heating channel before the press. The temperature during pressing is, for example, 40 to 150 ℃. In practice, a combination of calender and autoclave processes has proven to be particularly useful in practice. Alternatively, a vacuum laminator may be used. It consists of one or more heatable and evacuable chambers in which the glass sheets are laminated at a reduced pressure of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and a temperature of 80 ℃ to 170 ℃ for example within about 60 minutes.

The above-described preferred configurations of the vehicle composite glass sheet according to the invention are correspondingly applicable also to the method of manufacturing a vehicle composite glass sheet according to the invention and vice versa.

The invention also includes the use of a vehicle composite glass sheet according to the invention as a combined front glass sheet, top glass sheet and rear glass sheet in an amphibious vehicle, preferably as a combined front glass sheet, top glass sheet and rear glass sheet in a rail vehicle or motor vehicle, in particular as a combined windscreen, top glass sheet and rear glass sheet of a man-powered motor vehicle.

All mentioned standards are based on their release valid on the filing date.

The various embodiments of the invention may be implemented alone or in any combination. In particular, the features mentioned above and to be explained below can be used not only in the indicated combination but also in other combinations or alone without departing from the scope of the invention. Unless the embodiments and/or features thereof are explicitly mentioned as alternatives only or are mutually exclusive.

The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted herein that different aspects are described, which may be used separately or in combination. That is, each aspect may be used with different embodiments of the invention unless explicitly indicated as a mere alternative.

The figures are simplified schematic representations and are not drawn to scale. The drawings are not intended to limit the invention in any way.

Wherein:

figure 1 shows a perspective view of one embodiment of a vehicle composite glass sheet according to the present invention,

figure 2 shows a section through the embodiment of the vehicle composite glass sheet according to the invention shown in figure 1,

figure 3 shows a schematic view of a simplified cross section of a vehicle composite glass sheet in an installed position,

figure 4 shows a section through an alternative embodiment of a vehicle composite glass sheet according to the invention,

FIG. 5A shows a schematic view of a simplified cross section of another vehicle composite glass sheet in an installed position, and

fig. 5B shows a schematic view of a simplified cross section of another vehicle composite glass sheet in an installed position.

For simplicity, the sectional views of fig. 2 to 4 are each shown in flat form. However, it can be seen from the perspective that the vehicle composite glass sheet 100 according to the present invention shown in cross section is a curved glass sheet, respectively.

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of one embodiment of a vehicle composite glass sheet 100 according to the invention, and fig. 2 shows a section through the embodiment of a vehicle composite glass sheet 100 according to the invention shown in fig. 1. The vehicle composite glass sheet 100 shown in fig. 1 and 2 is designed as a combined front, top and rear glass sheet with a lower edge UK (left side in fig. 2), a rear or upper edge OK (right side in fig. 2) and two lateral glass sheet edges SK. The vehicle composite glass sheet 100 comprises an outer glass sheet 1, a first inner glass sheet 2.1 and a second inner glass sheet 2.2, wherein the inner glass sheets 2.1, 2.2 are joined to the outer glass sheet 1 by a common thermoplastic interlayer 3. The outer glass pane 1 has an outer side surface I and an inner side surface II; the inner glass sheets 2.1, 2.2 each have an outer side surface III and an inner side surface IV. The inner side surface II of the outer glass pane 1 and the outer side surfaces III of the inner glass panes 2.1, 2.2 face each other.

The vehicle composite glass sheet 100 has three regions: a first region A1 starting from the lower edge UK and extending in the direction of the upper edge OK, a third region A3 starting from the upper edge OK and extending in the direction of the lower edge UK, and a second region A2 arranged between the first region A1 and the third region A3. The second region A2 adjoins the first region A1 and the third region A3 in the transition region in each case in a manner that connects them together.

In this embodiment, the thermoplastic interlayer 3 comprises, for example, PVB, has a thickness of 0.76mm and is for example darkly coloured in the second area A2, wherein the dye concentration in the second area A2 decreases in the direction of the first area A1.

The outer glass pane 1 and the inner glass panes 2.1, 2.2 consist, for example, of transparent soda lime glass and have a thickness of, for example, 2.1 mm. In the third region A3, the vehicle composite glass sheet 100 has no inner glass sheet.

In this embodiment, the sun protection coating 5 is arranged on the inner side surface II of the outer glass pane 1. The sun protection coating 5 extends, for example, over the entire inner side surface II of the outer glass pane 1, minus the surrounding frame-like region in which the opaque overlay print 4 is arranged. This can be achieved, for example, by first applying a sun protection coating over the whole surface and then applying an opaque overlay print made of a printing ink having decomposition properties relative to the sun protection coating.

The sun protection coating 5 comprises, for example, at least three functional silver layers each having a layer thickness of 5nm to 20nm, wherein each functional silver layer is arranged between dielectric modules having a layer made of, for example, silicon nitride. The sun protection coating 5 protects the vehicle interior space from infrared solar radiation heating the interior space and thus ensures greater comfort for the vehicle occupants.

Furthermore, a heat radiation reflective coating 6, also called low-radiation coating, is arranged on the inner side surface IV of the second inner glass pane 2.2, which also ensures greater comfort for the vehicle occupants.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2, the inner side surface II of the outer glass pane 1 has an opaque covering print 4 in the surrounding edge region and in the transition region U, which is made of opaque enamel, for example. The cover print 4 in the transition region U covers the boundary line between the first inner glass pane 2.1 and the second inner glass pane 2.2 or between the second inner glass pane 2.2 and the third region A3 without an inner glass pane from the outside, so that the transitions of the inner glass panes 2.1, 2.2 and possible optical differences are masked by different coatings. In the region of the transition region U between the first region A1 and the second region A2, the cover print 4 widens into the first region A1, for example, and has a recess therein, which can serve as a sensor window 7 for sensors arranged behind it, such as cameras, light sensors and rain sensors.

As can be seen from fig. 1, in this embodiment the first area A1 corresponds substantially to such an area of the vehicle composite glass pane which in the installed position serves as front glass pane, in particular as windscreen pane, and the second area A2 corresponds substantially to such an area of the vehicle composite glass pane which in the installed position serves as top glass pane. The third area A3 is designed and arranged such that it essentially serves as a rear glass plate. In particular, the vehicle composite glass sheet 100 meets the requirements for a windshield sheet having a and B fields of view according to ECE R43 in the first region A1.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a vehicle composite glass sheet 100 in an installed position in a vehicle not shown here. The second region A2 corresponding to the top glass plate extends substantially horizontally, i.e. it has an angle β (beta) of about 90 ° with respect to the vertical. The first area A1 corresponding to the front glass plate or the windshield plate has a mounting angle α1 (alpha 1) of about 70 ° with respect to the vertical direction. The installation angle α3 (alpha 3) with respect to the vertical direction corresponding to the third region A3 of the rear glass plate is about 45 °.

Fig. 4 shows a cross section through an alternative embodiment of a vehicle composite glass sheet 100 according to the invention. The vehicle composite glass sheet 100 in fig. 4 substantially corresponds to the vehicle composite glass sheet 100 in fig. 2, and thus only the differences are discussed below.

Thus, in fig. 4, the thermoplastic intermediate layer is divided into three parts 3a, 3b, 3c. The thermoplastic interlayer 3a joins the first inner glass sheet 2.1 with the outer glass sheet 1 in a first region A1, the thermoplastic interlayer 3b joins the second inner glass sheet 2.2 with the outer glass sheet 1 in a second region A2, and the thermoplastic interlayer 3c joins the third inner glass sheet 2.3 with the outer glass sheet 1 in a third region. Furthermore, a functional element 8, for example a PDLC film, is arranged in the second thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 b. The PDLC film can be connected by means of electronics, not shown here, and thus, for example, the turbidity of the top glass plate section of the vehicle composite glass plate 100 can be set specifically. Furthermore, at the upper edge of the first region A1, i.e. adjacent to the transition region U between the first region A1 and the second region A2, a strip of a further functional element 8, for example a film with liquid crystal dye cells (so-called guest-host cells), is arranged in the first thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 a. By means of electronics, not shown here, the film can be connected and thus, for example, the darkening of the front glass plate section of the vehicle composite glass plate 100 can be specifically adjusted. An electrically controllable sun visor can thereby be realized.

It should be appreciated that the vehicle composite glass sheet 100 may alternatively or additionally have other functional elements, such as lighting devices, antennas, and the like. In particular, the vehicle composite glass sheet 100 may have functional elements typical for the rear glass sheet, such as heating wires for electrically defrosting the rear glass sheet, in the third region A3.

Fig. 5A shows a schematic view of a simplified cross section of another vehicle composite glass sheet 100 in an installed position in a vehicle not shown herein. In this embodiment, the first region A1, i.e. the region of the front glass pane, and the second region A2, i.e. the region of the top glass pane, and the third region, i.e. the region of the rear glass pane, are all designed to bend outwards with respect to the vehicle interior space 9.

The vehicle composite glass sheet 100 has a total radius of curvature R1 in the first region A1, a total radius of curvature R2 in the second region A2, and a total radius of curvature R3 in the third region A3. The first region A1 has an angle δ1 (delta 1) with respect to the horizontal direction at the lower edge UK. The second region A2 has an angle γ (gamma) with respect to the horizontal direction at the transition with the third region A3. The third region A3 has an angle δ3 (delta 3) with respect to the horizontal direction at the upper edge OK.

Fig. 5B shows a schematic view of a simplified cross section of another vehicle composite glass sheet 100 in an installed position in a vehicle not shown herein. The embodiment according to fig. 5B differs from fig. 5A only in that the second region A2, i.e. the region of the top glass pane, is here designed to curve inwards with respect to the vehicle interior space 9. For further details, refer to fig. 5A.

List of reference numerals

100. Composite glass plate for carrier

1. Outer glass plate

2.1, 2.2, 2.3 first, second, third inner glass sheets

3. Thermoplastic interlayers

First part of a 3a thermoplastic interlayer

Second part of 3b thermoplastic interlayer

Third part of 3c thermoplastic interlayer

4. Opaque overlay print

5. Sun-proof coating

6. Thermal radiation reflective coating

7. Sensor window

8. Functional element

9. Interior space of a vehicle

A1 First region

A2 Second region

A3 Third region

OK upper edge

SK-sided glass sheet edge

UK lower edge

U transition region

Alpha 1, alpha 3 alpha

Beta cell

Delta 1, delta 3 delta

Gamma gamma

(total) radius of curvature in the first region A1 of R1

(total) radius of curvature in the second region A2 of R2

(total) radius of curvature in third region A3 of R3

I1 outside surface

II 1 inner side surface

III 2 outside surface

IV 2.

Claims

1. A vehicle composite glass sheet (100) designed as a combined front, top and rear glass sheet, having a lower edge (UK) and an upper edge (OK) and two lateral glass sheet edges (SK), and comprising at least

An outer glass pane (1) having an outer side surface (I) and an inner side surface (II),

wherein the method comprises the steps of

The vehicle composite glass pane (100) has a first region (A1) starting from a lower edge (UK) and a third region (A3) extending to an upper edge (OK) and a second region (A2) extending from the first region (A1) to the third region (A3), the first region being designed to be suitable as a front glass pane, the third region being designed to be suitable as a rear glass pane, the second region being designed to be suitable as a top glass pane,

-a first inner glass pane (2.1) having an outer side surface (III) and an inner side surface (IV) essentially has the size of the first area (A1) and

-the outer side surface (III) of the first inner glass sheet (2.1) is firmly joined with the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass sheet (1) in the first area (A1), preferably only in the first area (A1).

2. The vehicle composite glass sheet (100) according to claim 1, wherein at least one further second inner glass sheet (2.2) having an outer side surface (III) is firmly joined with the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass sheet (1) in the second region (A2) and/or at least one further third inner glass sheet (2.3) having an outer side surface (III) is firmly joined with the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass sheet (1) in the third region (A3).

3. The vehicle composite glass pane (100) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the first inner glass pane (2.1), the second inner glass pane (2.2) and/or the third inner glass pane (2.3) are firmly joined to the outer glass pane (1) by lamination via at least one thermoplastic interlayer (3) or by an optically clear adhesive (OCA, optically clear adhesive), particularly preferably a liquid optically clear adhesive (LOCA, liquid optically clear adhesive) or an optically clear double-sided tape.

4. A vehicle composite glass pane (100) according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass pane (1) has an opaque overlay print (4) at least in the surrounding edge region of the vehicle composite glass pane (100) and/or in the transition region (U) between the first region (A1) and the second region (A2) and/or in the transition region (U) between the second region (A2) and the third region (A3).

5. The vehicle composite glass sheet (100) according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein an external mount is arranged, preferably glued or extruded, on an inner side surface (IV) of the vehicle composite glass sheet (100) in a transition region (U) between the first region (Al) and the second region (A2) and/or in a transition region (U) between the second region (A2) and the third region (A3).

6. A vehicle composite glass sheet (100) according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein a sun protection coating (5) is applied on the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass sheet (1) or on the outer side surface (III) of the first, second and/or third inner glass sheet (2.1, 2.2, 2.3).

7. The vehicle composite glass sheet (100) according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the inner side surfaces (IV) of the first inner glass sheet (2.1), the second inner glass sheet (2.2) and/or the third inner glass sheet (2.3) have a heat radiation reflective coating (6) (low radiation).

8. The vehicle composite glass pane (100) according to any of claims 3 to 7, wherein the thermoplastic interlayer (3) is colored or tinted in the second region (A2) and/or in the third region (A3), and optionally further the transition region (U) of the first region (Al) adjoining the second region (A2) is colored or tinted, preferably the dye concentration of the second region (A2) decreases in the direction of the first region (A1).

9. The vehicle composite glass pane (100) according to any of claims 4 to 8, wherein the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass pane (1) furthermore has an opaque cover print (4) in the region located in the second region (A2), which is optionally widened into the first region (A1) in at least one region and optionally has at least one cutout for the sensor window (7).

10. The vehicle composite glass pane (100) according to any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein the thermoplastic interlayer (3) consists of at least two, preferably three, components (3 a, 3b, 3 c) which are preferably welded together at a weld seam, wherein the weld seam is particularly preferably arranged in a region in which an opaque overlay print (4) is furthermore arranged when seen vertically from the outside.

11. A vehicle composite glass pane (100) according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein at least one functional element (8), preferably at least, is arranged between the outer glass pane (1) and the first, second and/or third inner glass pane (2.1, 2.2, 2.3)

An o antenna is provided with a plurality of antennas,

a heating layer, a heating wire or a heating print,

an electrically controlled optical functional element, particularly preferably a PDLC functional element, PNLC functional element, SPD functional element, electrochromic functional element or functional element with a liquid crystal dye unit (guest-host unit),

And/or

An LED or OLED lighting element is particularly preferred.

12. The vehicle composite glass pane (100) according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the area of the first region (A1) is at least l0%, preferably 10% to 90%, particularly preferably 20% to 60%, preferably the area of the outer glass pane (1) and the area of the third region (A3) is at least 10%, preferably 10% to 90%, particularly preferably 20% to 60% of the area of the outer glass pane (1).

13. A vehicle comprising a vehicle composite glass sheet (100) according to any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the first region (A1) is arranged as a front glass sheet, the second region (A2) is arranged as a top glass sheet, and the third region (A3) is arranged as a rear glass sheet.

14. Method of manufacturing a vehicle composite glass sheet (100) according to any of claims 1 to 12, comprising at least the following method steps

a. Providing

i. An outer glass pane (1) having an outer side surface (I) and an inner side surface (II),

ii a first inner glass pane (2) and having an outer side surface (III) and an inner side surface (IV)

A thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) or an optically clear adhesive;

b. forming a layer stack comprising at least an outer glass plate (1), a thermoplastic interlayer (3) or an optically transparent adhesive and a first inner glass plate (2) in that order; and

c. At least the outer glass sheet (1), the thermoplastic interlayer (3) or the stack of layers of optically clear adhesive and the first inner glass sheet (2) are joined to form a vehicle composite glass sheet (100).

15. Use of a vehicle composite glass sheet (100) according to any of claims 1 to 12 as a combined front glass sheet, top glass sheet and rear glass sheet in an amphibious vehicle, preferably as a combined front glass sheet, top glass sheet and rear glass sheet in a rail vehicle or a motor vehicle, in particular as a combined windshield sheet, top glass sheet and rear glass sheet of a man-motor vehicle.