DE202018106627U1 - Area storage - Google Patents

Abstract

Area storage with
a storage rack with a plurality of levels spaced apart from one another by a supporting structure,
- whose storey running surfaces are formed by the tops of a number of shelves which are contiguous (define) within a storey,
- Unmanned, autonomously driving tractors (4) and trailers (2) which can be coupled / uncoupled and which can be moved or parked on the shelves,
- a height transfer device for transferring a tractor (4) or a team (4 + 2) from one floor to another,
- A central control that is in wireless contact with all tractors (4) and all controlled movable parts of the warehouse.

Description

field of use

The invention relates to a surface storage, on the driving surfaces on the one hand driving autonomously and unmanned tractors and on the other hand teams with trailers coupled to a tractor. The trailers loaded with one or more products are parked in a storage area of the warehouse, thereby storing the product. The storage areas within the storage areas on which a trailer is parked are virtually predefined, but not physically separated from one another. On the contrary, the driving surface should be interrupted by as few obstacles as possible.

Technical background

Such area storage with autonomously driving tractors are known in the industry.

Here, the trailers with the products are parked, for example, in a storage area provided for this purpose and, if necessary, driven to by a tractor, automatically coupled and brought to a demand point specified by the central control.

On the other hand, warehouses with a storage rack consisting of a plurality of floors spaced one above the other are known, in which the products or containers loaded with products are stored.

In a typical high-bay warehouse, a so-called storage and retrieval machine moves in the aisles between the storage racks and automatically stores these containers in or out of the storage rack.

If a storage area with a large number of autonomous tractors that move freely on the driving surface should also span several floors, this means on the one hand considerable additional control effort both for the central control and for onboard control in the individual tractors and in addition there is a height -Transfer device necessary so that a tractor or a combination of tractor and trailer can move from one floor to another.

Presentation of the invention

Technical task

It is the object according to the invention to provide a warehouse which extends over several floors and autonomously and freely on the driving tractors each automatically coupling and uncoupling a trailer and storing it for the purpose of storage in the storage rack can also automatically switch from one floor to another.

Solution of the task

This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments result from the subclaims.

This task is solved by the fact that the area storage facility can move with and without a coupled trailer on all floors of the storage rack despite the fact that tractors can move freely without physically specified lanes and can use the existing height transfer devices automatically and for this both the height transfer devices and the central control and the onboard controls are equipped accordingly.

One advantage of such multi-storey area storage systems is that, especially when storing only relatively small products, for which the trailers only have to have a low height of, for example, less than 50 cm, the floors can be arranged at such a height distance that the clear height distance between them is only slightly larger than the height of the trailer - whereby the tractors can be built almost arbitrarily low - which results in a very high storage density.

Then, however, a person can no longer get between the individual shelves - if their clear distance is less than the height of a person lying flat - without shelves having to be at least partially removed from the individual floors, so that particularly high demands on the absence of errors and freedom from maintenance of such a camp.

• - einerseits Abstellbereiche, auf denen zum Zwecke der Einlagerung Anhänger von den Traktoren abgestellt werden können und
• - andererseits Lagergassen, die vorzugsweise gerade, insbesondere parallel zueinander, verlaufen und sich zwischen den Abstellbereichen erstrecken und dem direkten Anfahren von einzelnen Lagerflächen innerhalb der Abstellbereiche durch Traktoren und Gespanne dienen.

For this purpose, in particular the floor driving surfaces are virtual, that is, without physical delimitation, preferably by the central control system, divided into

• - on the one hand storage areas on which trailers can be parked by the tractors for the purpose of storage and
• - On the other hand, storage aisles, which preferably run straight, in particular parallel to one another, and extend between the parking areas and serve the direct approach to individual storage areas within the parking areas by tractors and teams.

So that the storage areas between the storage aisles are as large as possible in depth, which favors the largest possible ratio of storage area in comparison to the area of the storage aisles, are in the direction perpendicular to the direction of travel Storage aisles, the storage aisle direction, in the storage area several storage areas arranged one behind the other in the depth of the storage area, preferably at least two or even three storage areas.

A storage area is a virtually, but not physically defined, area on the floor driving surface for parking a trailer, in the case of several types of supervised sizes of trailers within a storage rack for parking a specific type of trailer.

The storage area is at least in width, preferably also in length, larger than the corresponding dimension of the trailer to be placed on it, in order to provide safety clearances when parked, but above all to provide the maneuvering space required for parking and uncovering to offer everything in the width of the storage area, i.e. the direction of the bearing row.

In this case, trailers loaded with products that are required less often are not arranged in the foremost row of storage areas facing the storage alley, but rather further back.

As a rule, the coupling for coupling the tractor is located on a narrow side of the trailer, which is roughly rectangular in plan view, which should point towards the storage aisle in the stored state, which is why the storage surfaces in the longitudinal direction one behind the other in rows in the depth of the storage area, i.e. across the storage area Direction of the warehouse lane.

In addition, the - preferably both - mouths of a storage aisle are connected to one another via traffic areas which serve the approach of the individual storage aisles by the tractors and teams.

With such a virtual division of the storey areas, the width of the storage aisles can be selected to be greater than the width of the storage aisles, by a maximum of 10 cm, better only by 5 cm larger than the width of the storage aisle required to turn a team in the storage aisle, in particular than that the largest diagonal of a team viewed in supervision.

This not only allows a team to be turned, but generally also allows two teams to move past each other in the opposite direction, but costs a lot of space for the storage aisles.

Therefore, in the virtual division of the storey areas, the width of a storage aisle is preferably chosen such that the width of the storage aisle is less than the width of a storage aisle required to turn a team in the storage aisle, in particular as the largest diagonal of a team, as viewed from above. in particular less than the length of a team.

This reduces the space required for the storage aisles.

Of course, the width of the storage aisles is set at least so large that the tractor of the team can maneuver the trailer into a free storage position between two trailers parked on the adjacent parking area.

This prevents a team from turning in an aisle, but saves a lot of space in storage aisles in favor of the storage areas. Of course, the width of the storage aisles is always larger than the width of a team, because otherwise a team would not be able to enter the storage aisle. The width of the storage aisles is also sufficiently large that a team can maneuver its trailer backwards onto a storage area from the storage aisle between two trailers already standing on the adjacent storage areas.

The option of choosing the storage aisles so wide that two teams can drive past each other, i.e. larger than twice the width of a team, is generally only useful for relatively long storage aisles.

The choice of the width of the storage aisles is always a middle way between saving detours for tractors and teams on the one hand and the largest possible proportion of storage areas on one floor space on the other.

• - zumindest für die an die Lagergasse unmittelbar angrenzenden Lagerflächen,
• - insbesondere für alle Lagerflächen der beiden angrenzenden Abstellbereiche bis auf die gegebenenfalls von der betreffenden Lagergasse abgewandte letzte in Lagergassen-Richtung verlaufende Zeile von Lagerflächen, die in der Regel von der nächsten benachbarten Lagergasse aus anfahrbar ist.

In the case of several types of trailers and storage areas within a warehouse which differ in terms of their size, preferably only the same types of storage areas are arranged in the storage areas on both sides of a storage aisle,

• - at least for the storage areas immediately adjacent to the storage lane,
• - In particular for all storage areas of the two adjacent storage areas, except for the last row of storage areas, which may be facing away from the relevant storage aisle and which can generally be approached from the next adjacent storage aisle.

Especially when determining the width of the storage aisles, there is the additional problem that, in the case of a multi-storey storage rack, as a rule distributed over the base area of the storage rack, this has a large number of vertical support columns, most of which Go through all floors and to which the shelves are attached and which are usually arranged in even rows - usually in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the storage rack.

Of course, when defining storage areas on the one hand and storage aisles and traffic areas on the other hand, the arrangement of the support columns, which run vertically through each floor as an obstacle, can be taken into account to a limited extent, but it will generally not be avoidable that these support columns on the one hand within the parking areas and on the other hand within the traffic areas and above all within the relatively narrow storage alleys. The storage areas on the one hand and storage aisles on the other hand are usually defined in such a way that the storage aisle direction corresponds to one of the directions of the storage rack, usually its longitudinal direction

If a row of support columns is present in a storage aisle and then usually in its direction, the storage aisle direction, the above statements regarding the width of the storage aisles apply to the greatest clear width between the row of support columns running along the storage aisles and the edges the adjacent storage areas, in particular for the greatest clear width transversely to the direction of the storage alley between each support column and the storage areas adjacent to this support column.
Furthermore, in the case of support pillars standing in the storage aisles, the bearing surfaces are fixed relative to the positions of the support pillars such that the support pillars standing in the storage aisles, as viewed from above, are further away from the adjacent edge from at least one of the adjacent storage areas than the width of a combination, so that the teams can drive along the Lagergasse.

Furthermore, the positions of the storage areas relative to the positions of the support columns in the storage aisles are determined such that a row of support columns running in the direction of the storage aisle does not run in the middle of the storage aisle, but at most 30%, better at most 20%, better at most 10% the width of the storage aisle from one edge of the storage aisle in order to keep the space required for the storage aisles as small as possible.

Furthermore, the positions of the bearing surfaces relative to the positions of the support pillars in the storage aisles are determined in such a way that the support pillars, when viewed from above, are in the outer 30% of the width of a row of bearings that is extended in their direction of travel.

If the support columns are in a storage area, the - usually rectangular - storage areas and the storage areas arranged one behind the other for one trailer each, which run transversely to the direction of the aisle, are generally arranged parallel to the direction of a row of such support columns. The storage areas are thus arranged in such a way that the rows of support columns in the storage areas are located between two rows of bearings and the row of support columns runs in the direction of the storage rows.

However, the clear distance between two rows of support columns usually does not exactly correspond to the integer multiple of the width of a row of bearings, even if there are trailers and thus storage areas with different widths in such a warehouse.

As a rule, a trailer is not parked between two support columns adjacent in the entry direction - the direction transverse to the direction of the adjacent storage lane - within the width range measured transversely to the entry direction, but only at a clear distance across the entry direction in storage areas and the rows of bearings between the support columns .

Therefore, the clear distances between adjacent support columns or rows of support columns are preferably determined so that they exceed an integer multiple of the transverse extent, i.e. the width, of such a bearing surface or row of bearings in the direction of the relevant support column distance as little as possible, preferably by no more than 30 %, better not more than 20%, better not more than 10% of this width, in particular the integer multiple of the narrowest storage areas used in the warehouse.

In order to be able to change floors, in the simplest case a ramp can be provided as the height transfer device, in particular instead of a part of a floor driving surface, which connects the floor driving surfaces of two adjacent floor surfaces with one another.

However, since this takes up a relatively large proportion of the floor space, an elevator, in particular an elevator that runs through all floors, is preferably used as the height transfer device, which is either attached to the side of the storage rack or is arranged inside the storage rack, that is to say of all of them Floor driving surfaces are surrounded on all sides.

Preferably, the elevator - which can preferably be requested independently by the tractors to a specific floor - usually has only a single entry and exit direction or Direction of travel so that when stopping on one floor only at one or two opposite ends of the elevating platform of the elevator, the joint to the adjacent floor driving surface must be so small that it can be easily run over by a team or tractor.

The storage rack preferably comprises a central area, which is characterized in that the same area between the support columns is covered with shelves on the individual floors.

• Jede Etagenfläche erstreckt sich seitlich um eine Treppenfläche über den Zentralbereich hinaus, wobei von unten nach oben die Frontkanten der einzelnen Treppenflächen immer weiter zurückweichen, so dass die Treppenflächen in der Seitenansicht auf diese Treppenflächen, also in Verlaufsrichtung der Frontkanten betrachtet, über die Höhe des Regal eine Treppe ergeben.

Outside such a central area, there may be additional areas, for example a staircase consisting of floors:

• Each floor area extends laterally by one stairway area beyond the central area, with the front edges of the individual stairway areas gradually receding from bottom to top, so that the stairway areas in the side view of these stairway areas, i.e. viewed in the direction of the front edges, over the height of the shelf result in a staircase.

If the stair surfaces are at such a height distance - for example, a height corresponding to the height of a floor - that a person can manage, an operator can use this staircase to reach the top floor of the storage rack, as there is usually sufficient space for this above the top floor Is available, among other things, due to the parts of the elevator protruding upwards on the top floor, and performing maintenance or repair work there.

These staircase areas can also be used as traffic areas during the operation of the warehouse or - at least partially - as storage areas and therefore do not represent lost areas.

The shelves of such a storage rack can be equipped on the top with navigation markings along which the tractors are oriented, for example by means of a corresponding sensor, such as a floor camera directed against the ground.

In this case, all the shelves used in the storage rack are preferably identical in terms of the arrangement of their navigation markings and also identical overall, differing at most by existing or non-existent corner recesses in the corners of the shelves, which create free spaces for the support columns of the support frame to extend through to serve.

This reduces the cost of manufacturing the shelves, but the resulting increased control effort is low.

Preferably, a karee formed in the top view, consisting of support columns arranged in a square and adjacent to one another, is not only occupied by such a shelf, but by two adjoining shelves.

• - entweder auf einem benachbarten anderen Regalbogen, insbesondere dem anderen Regalboden des gleichen Karrees, abzulegen
• - oder ihn im schräg angehobenen Zustand aus dem Lagerregal zu entfernen, beispielsweise wenn er defekt ist, insbesondere seine Navigationsmarkierungen unleserlich geworden sind.

In order to be able to place them securely and resiliently, this requires, in addition to the longitudinal and transverse crossbars connecting these four support columns in the longitudinal and transverse directions, also an intermediate crossmember in the central area of the square, but this design enables one of the shelves from below , especially one-sided, push up and

• - either on another adjacent shelf arch, in particular on the other shelf of the same square
• - or to remove it from the storage rack in an obliquely raised state, for example if it is defective, in particular if its navigation markings have become illegible.

If there is only one shelf per shelf and the height of the storey is not high, even a shelf that is inclined within one storey cannot be pulled out of the storage shelf, since the shelves, viewed horizontally, reach behind the support columns due to their corner cutouts.

Above all, in this way, by lifting up and putting aside such shelves from bottom to top, extending over several floors, the shaft inside the storage rack can be opened, through which an operator can get to any position on the storage rack from below can.

The warehouse preferably has a picking area which is used for loading and unloading a trailer standing on this picking area with products, usually only on one floor.

The picking area is preferably arranged outside the central area and preferably at the operator's working height if the loading and unloading is carried out manually. In contrast, when loading and unloading using a robot, the altitude is less relevant.

However, the manual loading and unloading of a trailer can also be accelerated, for example by arranging a signaling device above the picking area and a trailer parked thereon, the one Signal device such as a steerable laser beam or light beam. By connecting to the controller, such a light source can illuminate a light marking on the compartment or compartment or other location within the trailer from which a product is to be removed or into which a specific product is to be inserted, which greatly affects the work of the human order picker accelerates.

Embodiments

• 1: den Zentralbereich eines leeren Lagerregals in perspektivische Ansicht,
• 2a: eine Aufsicht auf eine Etagen-Fahrfläche einer 1. Bauform eines Lagerregals mit darauf befindlichen Traktoren und Anhängern,
• 2b: eine Seitenansicht des Lagerregals aus 2 a,
• 2c: eine andere Seitenansicht des Lagerregals aus 2 a,
• 3: eine 2. Bauform eines Lagerregals in der Seitenansicht,
• 4: das Lagerregal mit Aufzug gemäß der 3 in der Aufsicht.

Embodiments according to the invention are described in more detail below by way of example. Show it:

• 1 : the central area of an empty storage rack in a perspective view,
• 2a : a view of a floor surface of a first type of storage rack with tractors and trailers thereon,
• 2 B : a side view of the storage rack 2 a ,
• 2c : another side view of the storage rack 2 a ,
• 3rd : a second design of a storage rack in the side view,
• 4th : the storage rack with elevator according to the 3rd in supervision.

• Das Tragwerk 60 besteht aus horizontal verlaufenden Längstraversen 52 und Quertraversen 53, auf denen die einzelnen Regalböden 55 mit ihren in der Aufsicht betrachtet äußeren Kanten 55a bis d - da die Regalböden 55 in aller Regel rechteckig sind - jeweils aufliegen. Die horizontal verlaufenden Längstraversen 52 und Quertraversen 53 ihrerseits sind mit ihren Enden an vertikal stehenden Tragsäulen 51 befestigt, beispielsweise nur eingehängt, die in der Aufsicht betrachtet in einem regelmäßigen Raster in Säulenreihen, die in Längsrichtung und Querrichtung verlaufen, angeordnet sind.

1 shows an empty storage rack in perspective view 50 a first design with multiple floors 50 "a , 50 "b etc. on a variety of floors 50a , b on top of each other. The individual floors are formed by the adjacent shelves 55 , more precisely their tops, which abut each other without gaps and each by a supporting structure 60 to be worn:

• The structure 60 consists of horizontal longitudinal beams 52 and crossbars 53 on which the individual shelves 55 with their outer edges when viewed from above 55a to d - because the shelves 55 are generally rectangular - rest on each. The horizontal trusses 52 and crossbars 53 in turn, their ends are on vertically standing support columns 51 attached, for example only suspended, which are viewed in the plan in a regular grid in rows of columns that run in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

Four adjacent support columns viewed from above 51 form a square, which is not necessarily a square, but usually forms a rectangle.

Such a square, viewed from above, can be viewed from a single shelf 55 be filled in or from several adjacent shelves.

In the area of the support columns 51 show the shelves 55 at least corner cutouts 67 on so that in the case of four adjacent shelves 55 the vertical support column 51 can be accommodated and thus the shelves in the area between the support columns 55 with their edges 55a to c abut each other as seamlessly as possible.

There are preferably two adjacent, each rectangular, shelf shelves within a square 55 , - except for the corner cutouts in it 67 - Are preferably identical.

As is known, such an overall cubic support frame is stiffened, for example, between the adjacent support columns 51 , be it the two outermost supporting pillars of the camp 50 or only two adjacent supporting columns, a diagonal bracing is carried out, both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction of the bearing 50 . In addition and / or instead, transverse tensions between support columns that are spaced apart from one another in the top view can occur in a horizontal plane 51 to be available.

The 2a and 2 B show a top view and a side view 100 which besides the storage rack 50 , as in 1 shown in perspective, a series of storage vehicles in the form of autonomous and unmanned tractors 4th and not self-driving trailers 2nd , however, by the tractors 4th can be automatically coupled, moved and uncoupled and switched off again.

• Die einzelnen Etagen-Fahrflächen 50"a, 50"b sind - meist übereinstimmend über alle Etagen 50a, b... im Zentralbereich 50* in einerseits Verkehrsflächen 57, auf denen Traktoren 4 oder Gespanne 4 + 2 verfahren und andererseits Abstellbereiche 56, in denen Anhänger 2, teilweise auch Traktoren 4, abgestellt werden können, unterteilt.

The storage rack points 50 a central area 50 * on, in - like in 1 - The floor driving surfaces 50 "a , 50 "b all are the same size, i.e. all floors are designed the same way, to the central area 50 * however, expansion areas can be connected laterally, as explained later:

• The individual floor driving areas 50 "a , 50 "b are - mostly consistent across all floors 50a , b ... in the central area 50 * in traffic areas on the one hand 57 on which tractors 4th or move teams 4 + 2 and on the other hand parking areas 56 in which followers 2nd , sometimes also tractors 4th , can be parked.

In the example of 2a extends along both sides in the longitudinal direction and in the central area in the longitudinal direction of the floor area 50 "a one storage area each 56 , between which also in the longitudinal direction 101 of the camp 50 running storage aisles 58 as part of the traffic area 57 free on which the tractors 4th or move team 4 + 2.

At the front, here left and right, ends of the storage alleys 58 these are through in the transverse direction 102 remaining traffic areas 57 connected with each other.

In the storage areas 56 are defined storage areas 56a , b virtually predefined, each with a trailer on it 2a , b , c can be parked, the corresponding storage area 56a , b viewed from the top, it is somewhat larger than the corresponding trailer 2a , 2 B in order to park and unpark by means of the tractor 4th to have the appropriate patch room available.

As can be seen, in this example there are three different sizes of trailers when viewed from above 2a , b , c, and accordingly three different sizes of storage space 56a , b , c to accommodate the appropriate size of the slightly smaller trailer 2nd are trained.

How 2a shows, these are storage areas 56a , b , c longitudinal 101 arranged side by side, the bearing surfaces 56a , b , c and thus also the trailers when parked on them 2a , b , c with its largest extension considered in the direction of view in the transverse direction 102 of the storage rack 50 extend.

As in 2a middle storage area 56 and lower storage area 56 to recognize, these storage areas include in the transverse direction 102 several storage areas 56a , b , c in a row, the one row of bearings 59 form.

It goes without saying that a storage area 56a , b , c, which is not the outer edge of such a storage area 56 forms, is only accessible if the in this row 59 upstream, for example outermost, storage area 56 is empty. If this is not the case, a must on this outer storage area 56 standing trailer 2nd initially from a tractor 4th are removed by coupling to its narrow side and from the tractor 4th be removed to the in this storage row 59 behind the trailer 2nd to be able to couple.

A tractor is used for storage 4th a follower 2nd on one of the storage areas 56a , b , c in a storage area 56 turned off, which is assigned to it by the central control 9 *, which the tractor 4th however automatically by means of its on-board control 9 starts, while the central control 9 * sets at most milestones, mostly only the final destination, of the respective trip.

A tractor picks up for outsourcing 4th based on a travel order from the central control 9 * a parked trailer, at least partially filled with products 2nd from a given storage area 56 and takes it to a picking area 68 at which a human operator 20th or a robot, not shown, the desired product P from the trailer 2nd removed and added to a picking container.

In the present case, this is done by a human operator 20th carried out, which is why the picking area 68 at the working height of an operator standing on the ground 20th is located, for example on the - how better in 2 B visible - second or third floor 50e , 50d from underneath. In this case the picking area is located 68 viewed from above, also outside the central area 50 * of the storage rack 50 by placing the floor area over the central area on the corresponding floor, for example 50e 50 * was also expanded and as an expanded traffic area 57 serves on the team up to the specified picking area 68 drives and stops there, which are part of this expanded traffic area 57 is.

To the operator 20th To facilitate the work there is above the picking area 68 for example a signaling device 69 present, a light marking from above 69 * to that position in the trailer 2nd , for example on a certain subject 31 in the trailer 2nd , aligns from which a product P should be taken for picking a delivery.

Conversely, this picking area 68 also serve a partially empty trailer 2nd with products delivered from the outside P to load, i.e. the right product in a given compartment 31 insert and thus the bearing 100 refill.

So that the tractors 4th and teams 4 + 2 can get from one floor to the other is a height transfer device 61 necessary.

In this first design - as in the side view of the 2 B shown - there is the height transfer device 61 from a simple ramp instead of part of a floor area on which a tractor 4th or a team 4 + 2 can get to the next higher or lower floor.

Instead of such a ramp, there is also an elevator (not shown here) as a height transfer device 61 possible, in particular from the tractors 4th can be requested yourself.

• Obwohl die in 2b dargestellten Größenverhältnisse erkennen lassen, dass ein Bediener 20 nicht in der Lage ist, in die einzelnen Etagen hinein zu kriechen oder gar zu gehen, kann es dennoch notwendig sein, dass ein solcher Bediener 20 entweder auf die oberste Etage 50a gelangt - über der in der Regel mehr Freiraum vorhanden ist - und dort Inspektionen oder Wartungsarbeiten vornimmt, oder auch im mittleren Höhenbereich von der Seite her Einblick in eine bestimmte Etage nimmt, wozu er auf die entsprechende Höhe gelangen muss, da die Höhe eines solchen etagenartig ausgebildeten Flächenlagers ein Vielfaches der Größe eines Menschen betragen kann.

In 2a is also on the left edge a second extension of the central area 50 * represented in the form of a staircase 65 :

• Although the in 2 B shown proportions that an operator 20th is not able to crawl into the individual floors or even walk, it may still be necessary for such an operator 20th either to the top floor 50a reaches - above which there is usually more free space - and carries out inspections or maintenance work there, or also takes a look at a certain floor from the side in the middle height range, for which he has to reach the corresponding height, since the height of such a floor trained area warehouse can be a multiple of the size of a person.

In order to avoid the need for conventional conductors or more complex constructions, the floor areas of the individual floors are 56a , b about the in 2a left edge of the central area 50 * expanded by an area that - as best seen in the side view of the 2c to recognize - a staircase 65 form by the front edge 63a each of these steps extending the central floor area 63 in the direction of the stairs 64 are offset from one another and are also offset in height by such a height distance H that it can be mastered by a human, preferably the height of a floor 56 .

An operator 20th can therefore use this staircase 65 to the top floor 50a go up and in between at any height you can see each floor 50a , b , take c. The stair surfaces 63 can during the operation of the warehouse 100 as traffic areas 57 be used and therefore do not represent a lost area.

The 3rd and 4th show a second design of the storage rack 50 , as a height transfer device 61 an elevator 70 is available.

The left part is the 4th in this traffic area there 57 the elevator 70 on the storage shelf 50 built-in, surrounded by it on all sides, or laterally attached to it when viewed from above, as indicated on the left edge.

As in 3rd visible, the support columns go 51 of the storage rack 50 mostly over the entire height of the storage rack 50 by.

In such a storage rack 50 is the built-in elevator 70 in a karee between four supporting columns in the square next to each other 51 arranged - as in the supervision of 4th evident - in which preferably no shelves at all 55 as a floor driving surface, for example 50 "a available.

These four pillars 51 limit - viewed from the top - the elevator shaft, so to speak, which, however, otherwise has no vertical walls.

Viewed from the top, the elevator includes 70 four guide columns arranged in a rectangle 73 , here each formed as a hollow rectangular profile, wherein viewed from the top preferably two outer surfaces of two adjacent rectangular profiles are aligned with each other.

The pillars 73 are on the structure 60 of the storage rack 50 attached, either to the support columns 51 des Karees, in which the elevator 70 located, or in this case - as in 3rd visible - on the longitudinal beams 52 of the structure 60 , using spacers 83 with a suitable thickness.

The height-controlled movable platform 71 , on which the load to be transported is in operation - and which, in contrast to the elevator car of a conventional elevator, preferably has neither walls nor a roof - extends in the area between the four guide columns 73 in such a way that it extends over the interior space between the four guide columns, as seen from above 73 in one direction, the direction of passage 100 , is extended beyond the corresponding clear column spacing and has at least a length which is the distance between those in this drive-through direction 100 outer surfaces of the adjacent guide columns facing away from one another 73 corresponds.

The generally horizontal platform 71 is moved in height by close to each of its corner areas, each with an endlessly rotating traction element, here a toothed belt 77.1 , 77.2 respectively. 77.3 , 77.4 , is attached to a strand of this endless tension element, each toothed belt via an upper toothed roller 91a and one under sprocket 91b rotates, one of which, here for accessibility reasons, the upper sprocket 91a , controlled driven, as described later.

As in the supervision of 3rd , 4th To recognize, the timing belts are arranged so that two adjacent timing belts 77.1 and 77.2 in a common circulation level 77 " revolve around, so the axes of the sprockets 91a , 91b of these two timing belts 77.1 , 77.2 each perpendicular to this common circulation level 77 " lie. The circulation levels 77 " of these two regarding the platform 71 opposite pairs of timing belts 77.1 , 77.2 respectively. 77.3 , 77.4 run in the drive-through direction 100 , i.e. the direction in which the platform is 71 extends beyond one of the two column distances.

All four timing belts 77.1 , 77.2 respectively. 77.3 , 77.4 are from a common engine 90 via intermediary straps 92a , b driven, which is above the height of the top floor driving surface 50 "a are arranged, which is why the guide columns 73 usually also over the support columns 51 of the storage rack 50 protrude.

Reference list

2nd

pendant

4th

tractor

4a

Clutch side

4b

Front

4 + 2

Team

20th

operator

50

Storage rack

50 *

Central area

50a, b

floor

50 "a, b

Floor driving surface

51

Support column

52

Longitudinal beam

53

Crossbar

54

Crossbeam

55

Shelf

55a-c

Edge

56

Storage area

56a, b

storage area

57

traffic area

58

Lagergasse

59

Bearing series

60

Structure

61

Height transfer device

62

ramp

63

Stairway

63 a

Front edge

64

Stair direction

65

stairway

66

67

Corner recess

68

Picking area

69

Signal device

69 *

Light marker

70

Elevator

83

Spacer

90

engine

91a, b

Sprocket

92a, b

Mediator belt

100

camp

101

Longitudinal direction

102

Cross direction

Claims (16)

Area storage with a storage rack with a plurality of levels spaced apart from one another by a supporting structure, - whose storey running surfaces are formed by the tops of a number of shelves which are contiguous (define) within a storey, - Unmanned, autonomously driving tractors (4) and trailers (2) which can be coupled / uncoupled and which can be moved or parked on the shelves, - a height transfer device for transferring a tractor (4) or a team (4 + 2) from one floor to another, - A central control that is in wireless contact with all tractors (4) and all controlled movable parts of the warehouse. Stock after Claim 1 , characterized in that the clear height distance between the floors is smaller than the height of a person lying flat, in particular less than 35 cm, in particular less than 30 cm. (Area division) Bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storey driving surfaces are virtually subdivided, in particular by the central control (9 *), into storage aisles which in particular run straight and / or in particular parallel to one another, and the traversing of tractors ( 4) or teams (4 + 2) and in - storage areas for trailers, each of which extends on both sides of this storage lane and whose depth perpendicular to the direction of the storage lanes is in particular a multiple of the length of a trailer (2), as well as in - traffic areas, the mouths at the analog end of the roughly parallel Connect the aisles and serve to approach the aisles. Stock after Claim 3 , characterized in that - the width of the storage lanes is a maximum of 10 cm, better only by 5 cm larger than the width of the storage lane required for turning a team in the storage lane, in particular as the largest diagonal of a team viewed in supervision, - in particular the width of the storage aisles is less than the width of the storage aisle required to turn a team in the storage aisle, in particular as the largest diagonal of a combination as viewed from above, in particular less than the length of a combination, but larger than the width of the storage aisle, the is needed so that the tractor of the team can maneuver the trailer into a free storage position between 2 trailers parked on the adjacent parking area. (Column grid not equal to storage grid) Bearing according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the supporting structure (60) comprises upright, in particular perpendicular, standing support columns which extend over the entire height of the storage rack and are arranged in straight rows extending in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction of the storage rack, longitudinal cross members and Crossbars on which the shelves rest, the longitudinal beams and crossbars being attached directly or indirectly to the support columns, characterized in that - in the direction of the storage lanes (58), the clear distance between adjacent support columns is an integral multiple of the extent of a storage position in this direction by a maximum of 30%, better a maximum of 20%, better a maximum of 10%. Bearing according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the supporting structure (60) comprises support columns (5) which stand upright, in particular perpendicular, and in particular extend over the entire height of the storage rack (50) and which extend in the longitudinal direction (101) and in the transverse direction (102 ) of the storage rack (50) extending, straight rows are arranged, - longitudinal members (52) and cross members (53) on which the shelves (55) rest, the longitudinal members (52) and cross members (53) directly or indirectly on the Support pillars (51) are characterized in that, in the case of support pillars (51) standing in the storage aisles (58), the bearing surfaces (56a, b) are fixed relative to the positions of the support pillars (51) in such a way that - those in the storage aisles (58 ) standing support columns (51), viewed from above, are further away from the adjacent edge of at least one of the adjacent storage areas (56) than the width of a team (4 + 2), and / or - that in the storage aisles (58 ) standing support columns (51) viewed from the top stand in the outer 30% of the width of a row (59) (defined) extended in their direction of travel. Bearing according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the supporting structure (60) comprises support columns (5) which stand upright, in particular perpendicular, and in particular extend over the entire height of the storage rack (50) and which extend in the longitudinal direction (101) and in the transverse direction (102 ) of the storage rack (50) extending, straight rows are arranged, - longitudinal members (52) and cross members (53) on which the shelves (55) rest, the longitudinal members (52) and cross members (53) directly or indirectly on the Support pillars (51) are characterized in that, in the case of support pillars (51) standing in the storage areas (56), the bearing surfaces (56a, b) are fixed relative to the positions of the support pillars (51) in such a way that - in the storage areas (57) standing rows of support columns (51) either stand between two bearing rows (59) or stand between two bearing surfaces (56a, b) within a bearing row (59), in particular always the same two bearing surfaces (56a, b) within the bearing series (59). Bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the case of several types of trailers (2a, b, c) and storage surfaces (56a, b, c) which differ in terms of their size, in the storage areas (56) on both sides of a storage aisle (58), at least the storage areas immediately adjacent to the storage aisle (58), in particular all storage areas of the two adjacent storage areas (56) except for the last row of storage areas possibly facing away from the storage aisle (58) the same type (56 a, b or c) of storage areas. (Height transfer) Bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the height transfer device (61) is an elevator (70) which is continuous, in particular over all floors (50a, b) and which, viewed from above, is arranged within the traffic areas (57). Bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the height transfer device (61) comprises ramps (62) which each connect two floors (50a, b) and are preferably part of the traffic areas (57). (Stairway) Storage according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage rack (50) comprises a central area (50 *), in that the same surfaces are placed between the support columns (51) with shelves (55) on each floor (50a, b), - The ramps (62) outside the central area (50 *), in particular along a long side (101) of the central area (50 *), are arranged, - Each floor area (50 "a, b) outside the central area considered in supervision (50 *) comprises a stair surface (63) and - the front edges (63a) (define) the stair areas (63) along a long side or narrow side of the central area (50 *) from one floor 50a, b) to the next in the same stair- Direction (64) are arranged offset to one another so that they form a staircase (65), - which preferably runs from the underground U to the top floor of the rack storage (50) and - in particular the stair gap T between two stair surfaces 63 adjacent in height is less than 1m. (Identical shelves) Bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that if the shelves (55) carry (define) navigation markings (66) on the top, - all shelves (55) are of identical design with regard to the navigation markings (66), with the exception of the differing presence of corner cutouts (67) in the corners of the shelves (55) for accommodating part of the cross section of a support column (51). (At least 2 plates per square) Bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - viewed from above, at least two shelves (55) are arranged next to one another within a square forming a polygon, in particular a quadrangle of, for example, four adjacent supporting columns (51), - in particular on an intermediate cross member ( 54), with their ends on the longitudinal cross members (52) or between the cross members (53) - in particular their mutually adjacent edges (55a, c) rest on the intermediate cross member (54). Bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the plurality of shelves (55) within a polygon, in particular a square, are identical at least with regard to the navigation markings (66) - with the exception of at most the different presence of corner recesses (67) in the Corners of the shelves (55) for receiving part of the cross section of a support column (51). (Picking station) Warehouse according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - a picking surface (68) for loading / unloading a trailer (2) with products P is present, - which is preferably outside the central area (50 *) and / or preferably on Working height of an operator (20), in any case preferably aligned with the height of a floor (50a, b) Storage according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - a picking robot is arranged on the picking surface (68) for the automatic loading / unloading of a trailer (2) with products P and / or - above the picking surface ( 68) there is a signaling device (69) which identifies the compartment in the trailer (2) from or into which the human order picker (20) has a product by means of a light marking (69 *) which is radiated from above onto the trailer (2) (P) should be removed or inserted.

Images