DE202012009083U1 - Sub-molecular surface heating system based on a ferro magnetic caloric memory alloy - Google Patents

Abstract

A sub-molecular surface heating system characterized; that the sub-molecular surface heating which at least consisting of a carrier where individual nano- and pico metals in a certain matrices, completely isolated in a surface structure of polyamide / polyester, polyaramide, polymer, ceramite and other plastic compounds in plates, Foils, or be introduced in railway conductor.

Description

Summary

Developed a sub-molecular surface heating system based on Ferro magnetic caloric and Baloric memory alloy using Tourlamines (Na, Ca) (Mg, Li, Al, Fe2 +, Fe3 +) 3 (Al, Mg) 6 (BO3) 3Si6O18 (OH , O, F) 4 combined with (MnFeP) 2 and Cu Zn alloys as transponder.

1. basic idea and the invention underlying problem.

Basic idea: Ferromagnetic caloric metals are metals, such as rare earth metals, MU metals and / or normal metals. Their entropy, the temperature and charge change under the influence of a magnetic pulse. These phases change reactions changes the physical state of the electron charge or micro-electron voltage load and temperature, affects in heat or cold and can normally be identified in the external nature as Farraday cages, and these effects are very small. However, based on the design of the ferromagnetic alloy of FeMn and / or CuZn and other alloys exist. The invention relates to a device for a sub-molecular heating system which is cheaper, simpler, more efficient and more economical and cheaper to manufacture than conventional heating systems.

The main aim is to develop a very thin combinable device which can heat its physical state with the help of certain metal combinations and with the help of low energy consumption or a magnetic impulse and thereby heat it up.

The idea of merging magnetic baloric and caloric metals which heat and / or cool the field could, due to the ownership of flexible structures and weight, become a new technology standard for several industries and trades.

Second idea is that the heat works across the surface, which is commonly known as radiation voltages. The transmission is assumed by solid bodies, heats this, and then in turn is released into the air. Main problem of the present invention is that the use is to be used with low power consumption and that the system can be easily connected to existing energy systems, such as photovoltaic.

Existing heating systems work conventionally and first heat the air and in turn the solid body.

The invention relates to a sub-molecular surface heating and a device for a combinable infrared radiation and in particular for an infrared heat radiation device. The sub-molecular surface heating according to the invention comprises either individually or which consists of several groups of at least two heating elements. The heating tracks are arranged with heat-resistant cables and a temperature thermostat with electrical connection elements.

The heating ability of such metal structures and formations are very high of interest because they work with the lowest power consumption. These magnetic caloric entrotopies (MCE) are used to heat the invention.

2. State of the art

Most heaters are conventional in which air or water is used as a carrier to dissipate heat. This principle has proven itself, but it is no longer up to date. Physicists and engineers have been working on climate-friendly radiant heaters for years, which consume less energy and optimize heat efficiency by making metamagnetic cells glow in certain IR ranges and remain stable over a longer period of time.

Most residential air / water systems are relatively very large and work as conventional heating. The assembly is very time consuming and costly.

In the patent DE 20 2006 007 228 U1 is described an infrared surface heating element, based on an electrically conductive carbon fiber nonwoven in a high vacuum as a multilayer " Sandwich "for space heating and drying" is used. The carbon precision fleece is a special glass, which is coated with a selected nanoceramics to increase the emission efficiency.

In the patent DE 4447407 is a flexible film material and is described as a radiant heat radiator, wherein the supplied electrical energy with fiber or thread-like carbon modifications is converted into long-wave infrared radiation. In particular, a flexible layer of composition is used in which a mechanically limited operation of electrically conductive fibrous nonwoven fabric with an arbitrary arrangement of fibers in the form of a C-fiber nonwoven fabric is used, on whose circumference a further dielectric textile cover layer is applied. The cover layer of the carrier layer is electrically needled.

The combination of these two previous inventions, changing the fundamentals of the matrix layer and replacing a multilayered carbon and a Graphene Cole paper matrix as a single layer, combined with special polyamide nano-metals, will provide a nano-pico structure directly in and on the support element Help of an atomic layer desposition (ALD) applied.

The use of nano ceramic and glass particles, are not loaded with zinc particles to allow radiation through the glass and at the same time it works as a filter for UV light, for IR-A and IR-B radiation, which adhere emphasizes biological work on humans and organisms.

The above-described particles mirror and scatter the UV, IR-A and IR-B frequencies of light and work again, again with more IR-C beam angle in the surface heating.

Preferably, the radiant heater is operated with DC voltage is the side effects and the sphere of action of the radiation is greater.

This not only increases the introduction and use in the area of surface heating considerably. For example, it can be implemented in conjunction with a DC solar panel to operate a heating surface without an additional transducer, highlighting a very cost effective and efficient heating system.

The difference between conventional systems is in manufacturing. In most cases the PVD process (physical vapor deposition) is applied, on the one hand the thermal evaporation and on the other sputtering, which is a vacuum-based coating process. Here, the coating material is transferred in the gas phase by means of physical processes, and then condensed as a thin layer on the substrate. By means of a plasma system connected in front of the coating station, the substrate surface can be cleaned and activated directly before the metallization. The low pressure plasma is generated by a bipolar pulsed glow discharge. By varying the coupled power, the gases used and the web speed, the surface modification for the different substrate materials can be optimized. Disadvantage is that the coating is applied only on the surface and thereby automatically highlights an increase in the thickness of the final product! As a result, the path of the electrical resistance is longer, which automatically leads to the energy consumption will be much higher than the sub-molecular surface heating system.

3. Problem solving

The characterization of the martensitic transformation and the observation of phase contributions, X-ray diffraction, internal friction measurements were performed using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

C is often mentioned to improve shape memory behavior. Present results, however, show the opposite effects.

For, (MnFe) 2 (Mn2Si / P) and CuZn and CuFe2 (SiO2) 3, it is believed that the relative position between the deformation temperature and the Ms temperature is critically important for the two alloys, according to an explanation for the looking for experimental results.

The lower Ms temperature for the high C alloy causes more and less slip conversion of the austenite. The microstructural characterization shows a lower amount of formed martensite ε during the deformation due to the high C-alloy. The magnetocaloric effect of metals - a change in temperature and change in the accompanying magnetization of a material - is the greatest intrinsic magnetic ordering temperature in the vicinity of a material.

In the case of the rare earth gadolinium (Gd5Si2Ge2), this arrangement occurs near room temperature and results in a temperature increase of 3-4 K / per Tesla when a magnetic field is applied so that gadolinium was selected for room temperature magnetic heaters.

But the production price and quantity is worse because rare earth metals are expensive and only available in small quantities. Therefore, other solutions based on the same and used principles would be sought.

Therefore, Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni alloys and (Na, Ca) (Mg, Li, Al, Fe 2+, Fe 3+) 3 (Al, Mg) 6 (BO 3) 3 Si 6 O 18 (OH, O, F) ₄ as Tourlamine alloys based on Fe-based shape memory alloys (SMA) are selected and used to make the use of γ ↔ ε stress-induced martensitic transformation.

The main thesis is that the MCE metals and SMA metals (defined Shape Memory Alloys) have properties of a ferromagnetic shape memory alloy (FSMA). The matrices of metal alloys (SMA) are made in powder form with a hexagonal nanocrystalline cubic form directly in and on nano polyamide / polyester, ceramite, polyaramide, polymer or other plastic compounds in sheets, foils and in web guides by means of "Atomic layer deposition" (ALD) in a "thin film" (thin layer) closed to avoid any oxidation and / or rust formations. Thus, the galvanic molecular have an anti-rust aging, to prevent rust formation in water or osmotic blistering. This technology, based on a new type of coating where gradually pico metal gas cells are closed in a lightweight plastic material in the nano-paletes or nano-fibers. This ensures stability and has the ability to absorb electromagnetic radiation as well as an electrical conductivity whereby all of the trapped metals begin to vibrate at the required ohmic resistance between the at least two contact points.

4. Advantages for the user

Description of IR Radiator Heating Devices Infrared Radiation Fields for Infrared Heat Radiation Devices find applications for use with the aim of locating localized areas of a human body (eg, neck, back, joints, sinuses, etc.). Another important application is the so-called whole-body heating or systemic heating, when the use of body temperature of the human body is selectively increased. The heating process is carried out by absorbing infrared radiation through the human skin and by transporting the heated blood through the skin into the body. Heating applications, for example, with the help of infrared cabins are used to improve the well-being and relieves many, especially chronic diseases of the human musculoskeletal system. Heat treatments stimulate blood circulation, tissue supply and metabolism and provide pain relief and muscle relaxation. For applications with thermal infrared radiation especially so-called infrared C rays, as these are not very deep in the skin and thus avoid unwanted stimuli of metabolism in the active skin cells.

As suitable radiating elements for producing the sub-molecular heating for the aforementioned known Heizleiteranordnungen applications based on electric current conductive carbon fibers. This carbon fiber is electrically energized and behaves like an electrical resistor, thus heating, resulting in a very efficient emission of radiation in the infrared wavelength range.

Production of IR-litter alloys:

In particular, the invention relates to a method of producing high density biological stone mixed with ceramic powder which emits far infrared radiation. The preparation of the ceramic powder by mixing about 85 to 92% by weight Al ₂ O Sub. 3, about 3 to 7% of the weight of the SiO Sub. 2, about 3 to 7% by weight of MgO and about 1 to 4% by weight as essential ingredients, the clay is ball-milled for 48 hours; 0.6% of the weight of dispersant, 1% of the weight of wetting agent, 0.6% of the weight of glycerin, 20% of the weight of binder and 0.5% of the weight of antifoam as a minor component based on 100% of the weight the ball-milled mixture, stirring and adding water up to 35% by weight based on 60 ° C; wet milling with the ball mill and the resulting mixture in a spray-drying process for about 24 hours to obtain a ceramic powder having a diameter of about 60 to 80 meshes; introducing the mixed ceramic powder into a mold, and pressurizing and pressing at a pressure of 0.8 to 1.2-10 ^-3 kg / cm 2 to obtain the ceramic mold; and in an airtight sintering furnace, sintering at 1580 to 1600 ° C under an oxidative atmosphere, for the next 12 hours.

Allow to cool slowly in the sintering furnace until a temperature in the sintering furnace of 200 ° C and then the door of the sintering furnace open to cool it naturally and slowly further. The biological stone from which such ceramic powders are made emits far-infrared radiation and is suitable for the human body and minimizes and delays the production of oxidation materials as long term thermal oxidation of edible oils and fats when used in a cooking process with edible Oils and fats.

A large number of conductive metals in nano and pico larger, form an electrically conductive material layer with a very low height which lies in the micrometer range (thin films).

The electrically conductive contacts, consisting of pico and nano-metals, are technologically separated from one another at very small distances, whereby these are arranged arbitrarily over and around one another, the cross-section and longitudinal section of the surface structure ensure a nearly constant heating temperature. By the overlay of himself resulting structure is almost impossible network failure. The solidification of the individual metals is carried out by sputtering in the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method as well as by, steaming, electroplating, chemical, thermal or mechanical treatment. After solidification of the individual nodes and intersections of the metals, which are mechanically rigidly connected, so that the entirety of the present electrically conductive microcracks acts as a tear-resistant structure. Due to the large number of superimposed micro-webs, a very large surface is achieved. This corresponds to about 32 times the area of a conventional surface heating, since each individual is metallized by applying the voltage as a micro filament, it ensures an extremely rapid temperature increase or cooling. In addition, no large mass is due as in a surface water body or heat exchanger, which is particularly advantageous for the efficiency of the heating surface. The innovative surface heating is intrinsic that it has an efficiency almost 100%, and only an extremely short heating time of a few seconds. The radiation emitted by the surface emits a heating infrared radiation without """Carriermedium" to transport their energy. This means that the emitted radiation reaches the surface practically without loss of temperature z. B. with the body and does not cause drafts, as is inevitable in conventional systems, since the infrared emitter surface is formed as a primary heating surfaces, and only as the second heated air, the air temperature during heating is 2-3 ° on average C below the temperature of conventional heaters, but is perceived as pleasant for humans and animals.

These factors have a positive effect on the indoor climate - the quality of the work increases and allergy symptoms are reduced.

Other benefits of this system is resource and energy efficient. Since the air is not heated directly, and therefore no expensive hot air cushions are available. An essential advantage of the proposed invention is that by providing connecting elements for each heating track or a plurality of predetermined groups of the heating track electrically individually, so are independent of each other to control. Thus, by the heating element with infrared radiation of a high ranking locally spatially variable flexibility is generated.

In conjunction with an infrared radiation device and a low temperature infrared cabin, it is possible in this way, certain parts of the human body to be irradiated with different radiation intensities.

Furthermore, with a suitable control device, the radiation can be adjusted with a very high degree of flexibility, depending on the requirements of the heat treatments. The advantage of this invention is that with an electrical current of 3V-240V AC or DC current, a maximum temperature of up to 240 Celsius can be achieved. The heater can be easily used by a coated ceramic, marble and / or functional polymer coatings underwater.

It also makes sense to provide the heat conductor, either individually or in several groups of at least two heating tracks in an edge region with electrical support elements. In this way, an individual power connection of the heating track is possible. A further advantageous variant of the invention comprises a regulation of the infrared radiators for the selective selection of the connecting elements which are supplied with energy. By selectively switching on a single heating track or specific groups of heating tracks, it is possible to vary the spatial beam profile of the generated infrared radiation from the heating track locally, spatially and temporally. The selection means may be part of a complex control / regulation mechanism of the electronic circuits and / or software programming.

It is preferred that at least one heating track is fastened to the holding element. This variant is particularly useful when a high-precision parallel alignment of the heating element must be achieved at a well-defined distance.

Furthermore, it is advisable to coat the surface of the carrier element with a mineral sand, in particular lava sand. The use of lava sand ensures optimal transmission of thermal energy within the body and a continuous and assured slower increase in body core temperature. Furthermore, it makes sense to attach the retaining element on a curved support member. In this way, the arrangement of the infrared radiators is sufficiently stiffened for practical applications, wherein the curved configuration of the carrier element, the infrared radiation with respect to certain body parts (for example, the upper body), ergonomic and optimizing is irradiated, which benefits the human body. In this way, certain parts of the human body can be excluded from the radiation by means of infrared radiation.

Another aspect of the present invention is a sub-molecular heating device having at least one infrared radiator assembly, wherein the flexible member is for holding segmentally stiffened by at least one supporting element.

The sub-molecular heating device is particularly suitable for irradiation with the aid of infrared radiation from larger areas of the human body. In conjunction with one or more support elements, it provides the opportunity to emphasize a greater ergonomic adaptation of the irradiated body parts. But even for the irradiation of small areas of the human body can be improved by the sub-molecular heating according to the invention an improved ergonomic adaptation of the sub-molecular infrared radiators used in order to selectively irradiate certain areas of the human body. By varying the distance between extending portions of the heating element and the emitting beam profile during the infrared radiation, the infrared array is fixed. In this way, at a given distance from the infrared transmitter, the arrangement on the human body or also on different areas of the body of different radiation intensity can and can be exposed.

For example, this may be due to areas of the body with many muscles (for example, laterally of the spine), which require a high level of blood flow and thus a particularly high radiance and can be generated.

• • Der Sub molekulare Heizung hat einen sehr hoher Wirkungsgrad von nahezu 100% Infrarot Strahlung.
• • Der Sub molekulare Heizung ist eine Infrarot-Niedertemperaturheizung.
• • Einsatz von Gleichspannung zur Stromversorgung. Dadurch entsteht gegenüber Wechselspannung weder Strahlung noch Elektrosmog.
• • Der Sub molekulare Heizung kann mit Niedervolt-Einspeisung betrieben werden (Schutzldeinspannung), damit ist sie gefahrlos gegen Berührung.
• • Sehr geringe Bauhöhe der Sub molekulare Heizung durch Verwendung eines Trägers in Gestalt einer Flächenstruktur und einer sehr dünnen elektrisch leitfähigen Materialschicht.
• • Durch die unwillkürliche Anordnung der Nano- und Pico Metallen in mehreren Schichten durch- und übereinander unter Bildung von Knoten- oder Kreuzungspunkten wird eine über vielfacher größere Abstrahlungsoberfläche gegenüber konventionellen Flächenheizungen erzielt.
• • Die extrem große Abstrahlungsoberfläche reduziert die erforderliche Abstrahlungsleistung.
• • Durch Betrieb mit Gleichspannung ist der Wirkungsgrad der Heizung höher.
• • Der aus dem Träger und der elektrisch leitfähigen Materialschicht aufgebaute Verbund erreicht bei einer Ausführung in Kunstharz mit eingebetteter Materialschicht Spannungsfestigkeiten einen maximalen Berührungsschutz.
• • Der Sub molekulare Heizung ist, waschbar, korrosionsbeständig, nur von geringer Masse sowie umweltneutral.
• • Es bestehen vielfältige Verwendungsmöglichkeiten für den Innen- und Außenbereich, nämlich, der Sub molekularen Heizung als beheizbare (Teil)-Fläche für Decken, Wände, Böden, Decken- und Wandpaneele, Sitz- und Liegemöbel und Auflagen für Stühle, Bänke, Fahrzeugsitze, von Sandsteinplatten sowie von Steinplatten und Steinplattenimitationen, von Sandsteinsäulen, Heizbilder, Schwimmbäder, Sauna, Heizung von Container, Standheizung, Schlafkabinen, Pkw, Lkw, Wohnwagen, Wohnmobilen, Bahn, Busse, Schiffe, Rettungs-Überlebungsboote, Rettungswagen, Ölbohrinsel, Beheizbare Ölpipelines, Wohn-Baucontainer, Sterilisieren von Wasser in Wasserwerken und Zwischenstationen, Sterilisieren von medizinischer Geräten und Werkzeug, Warmwasserboiler, Pkw und Lkw Waschanlagen, Wasser Dampfstrahler, Heizung für Spiegel, Heizung für Möbel, Heizung für Verkaufsstellen, Glashaus für Gemüse, Blumen und Obst, im Tierstall, Trocknungsanlagen, Tierkörbchenheizung, Heizung von Hundehütten, Enteisungsanlagen für den Außenbereich.

The significant advantages and features of the invention over the prior art are essentially:

• • The sub molecular heating has a very high efficiency of nearly 100% infrared radiation.
• • The sub molecular heater is an infrared low temperature heater.
• • Use of DC voltage for power supply. As a result, neither radiation nor electrosmog is produced in relation to alternating voltage.
• • The sub molecular heating can be operated with low voltage supply (Schutzldeinspannung), so it is safe against contact.
• • Very low height of the sub-molecular heating by using a carrier in the form of a surface structure and a very thin electrically conductive material layer.
• • The involuntary arrangement of the nano- and pico metals in several layers through and over each other with the formation of node or crossing points results in a much larger radiation surface compared to conventional surface heating systems.
• • The extremely large radiation surface reduces the required radiation power.
• • By operating with DC voltage, the efficiency of the heating is higher.
• • The bond built up from the carrier and the electrically conductive material layer achieves maximum contact protection in the case of a version in synthetic resin with an embedded material layer.
• • Submolecular heating is washable, corrosion resistant, low in weight, and environmentally neutral.
• • There are a variety of uses for indoor and outdoor use, namely, sub-molecular heating as heatable (part) surface for ceilings, walls, floors, ceiling and wall panels, seating and reclining furniture and supports for chairs, benches, vehicle seats, of sandstone slabs as well as of stone slabs and stone slab imitations, of sandstone columns, heating screens, swimming pools, sauna, heating of containers, auxiliary heating, sleeping cabins, cars, trucks, caravans, campers, railways, buses, ships, rescue survival boats, ambulance, oil rig, heatable oil pipelines, Residential construction containers, sterilizing water in waterworks and intermediate stations, sterilizing medical equipment and tools, water heaters, cars and trucks washing equipment, water vapor lamps, heater for mirrors, heating for furniture, heating for outlets, greenhouse for vegetables, flowers and fruit, im Tierstall, Trocknungsanlagen, Tierkörbchenheizung, heating of kennels, De-icing systems for outdoor use.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

+ Power connection

2

- Power connection

3

grounding

4

Copper tape / grounding

5

Copper tape / connector

6

Thermostat up to 90 ° C

7

Polyamide / polyester, ceramite and polyaramide plates, films, polymers or other plastic

8th

train conductor

• The matrices of metal alloys (SMA) are made in powder form with a hexagonal nanocrystalline cubic form directly in and on polyamide / polyester, ceramite and polyaramide sheets, films, polymers or other plastics ( 7th ) Connections in railway ladder ( 8th. ) with the help of "atomic layer desposition" (ALD) in a "thin film" (thin layer) to avoid any oxidation and / or rust formation.
• - All electrical connections are heat resistant up to 135 ° C. ( 1. ) and ( Second )
• - All connections are on the copper strip ( 1. ) to ( 6th ) ( 4th ) sold.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 202006007228 U1 [0011]
• DE 4447407 [0012]

Claims (8)

A sub-molecular surface heating system characterized ; that the sub-molecular surface heating which at least consisting of a carrier where individual nano- and pico metals in a certain matrices, completely isolated in a surface structure of polyamide / polyester, polyaramide, polymer, ceramite and other plastic compounds in plates, Foils, or be introduced in railway conductor. A sub-molecular surface heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that certain matrices have ferromagnetic shape memory alloy properties. A sub-molecular surface heating system according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the shape memory alloy is introduced into a hexagonal nanocrystalline cubic form in the support material. A sub-molecular surface heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an electrically conductive material layer is formed. A sub-molecular surface heating system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier and the electrically conductive material layer are arranged in a composite for the production of the forming and supporting properties and / or the electrical insulation. A sub-molecular surface heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrically conductive material layer comprises at least two mutually separate, highly electrically conductive material, for example made of copper contact points, which is operated with an electrical voltage between 12 to 230 volts the required ohmic resistance between the at least two contact points is ensured. A sub-molecular surface heating system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sub-molecular surface heating systems are transformed by the single nano-pico coating of each individual metal cell and by a special ceramic coating around in and under water with different pressure influences the functionality to enable. A sub-molecular underfloor heating system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by being used for heatable (part) surfaces for ceilings, walls, floors, ceiling and wall panels, seating and reclining furniture and supports for chairs, benches, vehicle seats, sandstone panels as well as of stone slabs and stone slab imitations, of sandstone columns, heating screens, swimming pools, sauna, heating of containers, auxiliary heating, sleeping cabins, car heating, truck heating, caravan heating, camper heating, railway heating, buses, ships, rescue survival boats , Ambulance, oil rig, heatable oil pipelines, residential construction container, sterilizing water in waterworks and intermediate stations, sterilizing medical equipment and tools, water heater, cars and trucks washing equipment, water steam jet, heater for mirrors, heating for furniture, heating for outlets, glasshouse for vegetables, flowers and fruit, in the animal house, drying plants, animal baskets heating, heating of kennels, de-icing for outdoor use.

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