DE202009015543U1 - Explosion protection flap - Google Patents

Abstract

Explosion protection flap to compensate for differences in pressure in closed systems, especially in containers, silos, pipelines and the like, where there is a risk of explosion due to the plant contents, with at least one pivot bearing assembly (4) pivotable flap cover (2) by at least one locking device (3) in the overpressure-free operating condition, an outlet nozzle (1) is closed and at least one damping device (5), wherein the damping device (5) at a predetermined radial distance from a pivot bearing (37) of the pivot bearing assembly (4) between the flap cover (2) and a fixed component (6) below the flap cover (2) is arranged and at least one damping element (22) which is designed so that it is effective only after a predeterminable attenuation-free opening angle range, characterized in that the damping device (5) radially between the pivot position Ranordnung (4) and a radial overhang (8) of the flap cover (2) over the pivot bearing device (4) also in its pivoting range is arranged and that the damping element (22) consists of an elastomeric material.

Description

The The invention relates to an explosion damper for balancing Pressure differences in closed systems according to the generic term of the protection claim 1.

In all closed systems that are endangered by dust or gas explosion Bulk materials such as pipelines, Silos, containers and the like need devices be provided for pressure relief. These rupture discs are known the at potentially explosive containers, in particular Silos, to be attached and at an overpressure of 60 up to 80 mbar to compensate for pressure surges possible dust or gas explosions break. These Rupture discs have the advantage that they are at overpressures by the immediate release of a compensation opening a so-called relief capacity of almost 100%. Indeed At a pressure equalization the rupture discs are also destroyed, so that their renewal a considerable effort means and requires a relatively long business interruption.

An explosion damper for containers to compensate for pressure surges in dust or gas explosions is from the DE 36 26 946 A1 known. This explosion protection damper essentially consists of an outlet connection, which is attached at a suitable place to a potentially explosive container or silo. This outlet is closed by a flat flap lid in lightweight construction, which is fixed by a spring-loaded closure element in its closed position in the overpressure-free operating state. In this case, the flap lid is supported by a pivot axis on the outlet. In the explosion trap releases at a predetermined pressure, the spring-loaded closure element and the flap lid opens by a sudden pivoting about the pivot axis. Since the flap lid is made in lightweight construction, it has a relatively low discharge capacity of about 50 to 80% but can also be easily damaged by the explosion pressure. Therefore, for damping the opening speed additionally a spring-supported collecting plate and at least one buffer plate at a angular distance above the flap lid on the pivot bearing rotatably mounted. In the explosive opening of the flap cover so air bubbles arise between the flap cover and the buffer plates and the collecting plate, by which the opening speed should be greatly slowed down. Since the damping additionally a progressive leaf spring is provided above the flap cover, against which the collecting plate is supported, a relatively large design effort for the damping of the flap lid is necessary.

From the EP 1 873 085 A1 An explosion protection damper is known to compensate for pressure differences in closed explosion-endangered systems. This explosion damper includes a pivotable about a pivot bearing assembly flap lid, which holds a discharge nozzle closed by a spring-loaded locking device in the overpressure-free operating state. In addition, the explosion damper on a damping device that slows down the opening speed of the flap cover in an explosion-induced pressure. This damping device is arranged at a radial distance from the pivot bearing between the flap cover and a stationary mounting edge below the flap cover, wherein the damping element is effective only after a predetermined attenuation-free opening angle range. In this case, the damping device consists of a sliding bearing arrangement, of a tangential to the opening angle aligned sliding pin and a coaxial surrounding this coaxial sliding ring and a stop angle. In this case, the damping element is designed as a tension spring, which is fastened on the one hand on the sliding ring and on the other hand on the flap lid. Such a damping device has the disadvantage that it consists of many parts and must be maintained to ensure their functional sequence regularly.

Of the The invention is therefore based on the object, a device for Compensation of pressure surges in closed systems, such as pipelines, silos or containers to improve such that in the case of explosion, a rapid pressure equalization takes place, without that functional parts are destroyed and the device is quickly ready to work again and this at a possible compact simple construction.

These The object is achieved by the protection specified in claim 1 invention solved. Further developments and advantageous embodiments are given in subclaims.

The Invention has the advantage that by the overhang of Flap lid a stable lever arm is available the high acceleration forces of the flap lid can safely pick up when braking. This overhang can be be kept relatively short in relation to the flap length, which has the advantage that the explosion damper is compact and especially low-build executable.

The invention also has the advantage that the explosion protection flap is only slightly longer than the length or the diameter of the outlet nozzle and thus also by the damping device below the flap overhang very compact construction is executable. In this case, the formation of the damping element made of an elastomer has the advantage that this compensates by a large part of the acceleration energy of the flap lid in a simple way destructive and its elasticity and residual energy simultaneously closes the flap lid automatically again. The use of elastomers has the advantage that this durable and can be used by the arrangement under the flap overhang in the outdoor area and requires no maintenance. In particular, the relatively small flap overhang has the advantage that thereby the circumferential speed of the flap overhang can be kept small in order not to destroy the elastomeric damping element.

A special embodiment of the invention with a hollow, after The front slightly tapered flap lid has the advantage that this easily and extremely stable executable is, whereby in the explosion case, the acceleration energy relatively is low and the flap overhang by its higher statically stronger version larger damping forces or can absorb braking forces.

A another version with a slanted damping plate and a sloping outrigger has the advantage that the circular accelerated around the pivot bearing Flap cover after the damping-free opening area always at right angles with a flat bearing surface in the axial Damping element is centrally introduced. This will be the Acceleration force of the flap lid without radial force introduction components introduced axially into the damping element. It has the Using a beveled damper plate the Advantage that through its plate thickness and bevel angle different damping-free opening angles the flap lid are adjustable to always the required relief effect to suffice.

The The invention will be described with reference to an embodiment, which in the drawing is shown, explained in more detail. Show it:

1 : a side view of an explosion damper with a storage and damping device;

2 : An enlarged view of a section of the bearing and damping device, and

3 : An enlarged sectional view of a section of the bearing device.

In the 1 The explosion protection flap shown in the drawing consists essentially of a rectangular outlet 1 closing rectangular flap lid 2 that of a locking device 3 is held in its closed position in the overpressure-free operating state and a pivot bearing assembly 4 , which is pivotable in the opening direction. It is on the pivot bearing assembly 4 another damping device 5 provided the opening speed of the flap lid 2 decelerates from a certain opening angle.

A Such explosion protection flap is preferably on the upper Covering area of silos or other containers mounted in which powdery bulk materials which tend to explode easily. In the explosion case should open this explosion damper very quickly, to allow a quick pressure equalization, but then without be re-sealable so that not long bulk material can escape and the bulk material transport in the plant is only temporarily interrupted. This is usually at the highest point of such potentially explosive closed systems an opening to the outside provided on which the explosion damper is attached. It corresponds the opening to the outlet nozzle cross-section, over the pressure equalization takes place to the atmosphere.

Such outlet 1 are usually round, square or rectangular and have a rectangular or round design preferably has a cross section of 0.2 to 1.8 m ² . The illustrated outlet 1 has a rectangular pipe socket, the installation side a mounting edge 6 in which mostly holes for tight screwing on the silo and for fixing the bearing 4 and damping device 5 are arranged. On the opposite end of the pipe socket, a rectangular flap lid is preferably used for sealing tightly in the overpressure-free operating state 2 fixed.

The flap lid 2 consists of a hollow sheet steel construction, leading to a locking device 3 slightly pointed and enclosed in itself. This is the flap lid 2 Relatively light and yet stable, although it is loaded in a blast with a moment of about 3,000 to 20,000 Nm. At its flattened tip contains the flap lid 2 a closure bar 7 which is in a recess of the locking device 3 engages and is fixed there against a spring force in the closed state up to an overpressure of 30 to 100 mbar.

Radially opposite to the locking bar 7 contains the flap lid 2 a radial overhang 8th as flap overhang, which in the closed state via the outlet 1 and the pivot bearing assembly 4 protrudes about 100 to 300 mm at a flap length of about 500 to 1,500 mm and in 2 the drawing partially enlarged with the pivot bearing assembly 4 and the damping device 5 is shown in more detail. The flap overhang 8th consists of the flap top 32 preferably from two bent downwards transverse sheet metal parts 9 . 10 , wherein the first transverse plate part 9 preferably a Abknickwinkel of 20 ° from the top flap 32 and the second cross-plate part 10 a Abknickwinkel relative to the first transverse plate part 9 of about 35 °. Right-angled to the second transverse plate part 10 is then a third transverse plate part 11 arranged, with a damping surface 35 for supporting the flap overhang 8th on an abutment of the damping device 5 serves. At this third cross plate part 11 is then a right angle a fourth transverse plate part 12 arranged at the same time as the bottom 33 the flap lid 2 connected is. To maintain a high strength are all cross-braiding 9 . 10 . 11 and 12 preferably welded together, including the long sides with two structured longitudinal plates 13 are welded and so the inside hollow flap lid 2 form. The overhang 8th the flap lid 2 but can also be performed by differently angled or rounded cross plates.

In a particular embodiment, the valve overhang is 8th formed as a separate high component, which is fastened by a screw on the front cover sheet.

By bending the arranged cross plates 9 . 10 makes the third supporting cross plate 11 with the flap bottom preferably an angle of 145 °. For storage of the flap lid 2 is inside between the right-angled connecting area between the fourth 12 and third cross-plate 11 one outwardly directed round continuous bearing axis 14 provided for the pivotal mounting of the flap lid 2 serves.

The bearing axis 14 is part of a pivot bearing arrangement 4 , each on the two long sides 29 the outlet nozzle 1 is arranged and in 3 the drawing is shown in detail as a detail. The pivot bearing assembly 4 Contains for receiving the bearing axis 14 another L-shaped bearing support 15 that with a foot part 16 on the mounting land 6 the outlet nozzle 1 gets up. It is in the vertically upwardly directed longitudinal part 17 approximately at the level of the outlet nozzle opening a hole 18 provided in the bearing axis 14 is rigidly attached. In the flap overhang 8th is axial to the hole 18 a bearing tube 6 welded, through which the bearing axis 14 to the opposite bearing arrangement 4 is guided. In this bearing tube 36 is on each side of the flap overhang 8th each a plain bearing bush 37 used as a pivot bearing to the flap lid 2 with his flap overhang 8th is pivotable. In the air gap between the bearing axis 14 and the bearing tube 36 is a bearing grease filled, which is a grease chamber 38 represents and the pivot bearing 37 permanently lubricated. This fat chamber 38 acts at the same time as a hydraulic cylinder, the pivot bearing 37 Protects against corrosion and material stresses and thus ensures a weather-dependent permanent function.

In the interior angle area of the bearing support 15 between the foot part 16 and the longitudinal part 17 is an elongated support beam 19 welded, which is approximately in the middle of the long side 29 the outlet nozzle 1 with this over a swivel joint 20 pivotally connected, for easy installation of the flap lid 2 at the bearing arrangement 4 serves.

To brake the explosion damper is on the rear transverse side 21 the tubular outlet 1 radially opposite to the locking device 3 below the flap overhang 8th the damping device 5 arranged. As in the case of explosion, the flap lid 2 With an energy of about 3,000 Nm to 20,000 Nm accelerated upward, considerable forces must be used to brake the flap lid 2 be recorded. These are in the swivel range of the flap overhang 8th approximately below the pivot bearing 37 as part of the damping device 5 preferably two damping elements 22 on the transverse side 21 spaced side by side. In this case, there are the damping elements 22 of an elastomer, preferably of a plastic elastomer, in particular a co-polyester elastomer, by which about 60% of the kinetic energy of the lid acceleration is converted into heat and plastic deformation. This is especially due to the short plate overhang 8th ensuring that the angular acceleration does not exceed a certain speed at which the elastomer is damaged or destroyed. As elastomer also a rubber compound can be used.

The elastomer ensures that the flap lid 2 remains open during the explosion time in a designated time window and can close automatically with the residual energy. The damping element 22 can also be designed so that the flap 2 remains open because of the negative pressure effect. The two side-by-side damping elements 22 are on a support frame 23 attached obliquely directed backwards. Every outrigger 23 consists 5 vertically stacked steel sheet metal plates, which form approximately an open oblique cuboid, between the rear transverse side wall 21 the outlet nozzle 2 and the rear mounting edge 6 is attached. Here is the radially rearward mounting plate 24 of the support bracket 23 , which closes the oblique cuboid, obliquely to the rear transverse side wall 21 and also diagonally to the back month of the month 6 aligned, preferably at an angle of 20 ° inclined to the transverse side wall 21 ,

Vertical on this mounting plate 24 is in each case the damping element 22 arranged, which is preferably cylindrical or bale-shaped. The bale-shaped formation preferably consists of two flattened ball balls 28 , which are firmly connected to each other and for fastening a central bore 27 exhibit. For attachment to the support frame 23 is in the hole 27 provided a screw through which the damping element 22 on the mounting plate 24 is screwed. The damping element 22 preferably has a diameter of about 50 to 100 mm and a length of 80 to 160 mm in order to absorb the energy well. It has to be between the two pivot bearing arrangements 4 at least one damping element 22 or with larger acceleration energies also several damping elements 22 in the swivel range of the lid overhang 8th be provided.

In the swivel area of the lid overhang 8th radially opposite to the damping element 22 is on the third cross plate 11 one damping plate each 25 for axial force introduction into the damping element 22 attached. The damping plate 25 preferably consists of a cuboid steel sheet whose opposite surface to the damping element 22 as a damping surface 35 preferably at an angle of about 35 ° relative to its outer longitudinal side as a support surface 34 is bevelled. All angles are the damping plate 25 , the cross sheets 9 to 12 and the mounting plate 24 coordinated so that the acceleration force over the flap overhang 8th on the circular pivot path perpendicular to the damping element 22 is initiated to a lateral tilting of the damping element 22 sure to avoid. For centering is therefore in the damping plate 25 another ball 26 let in when pivoting in the hole 27 of the damping element 22 intervenes. In an alternative embodiment, the function and design of the damping plate 25 also in the third cross-plate 11 be formed integrated.

Overall, the damping device 5 so dimensioned that in the case of explosion the flap lid 2 is accelerated to an opening angle of about 45 to 90 ° without damping to quickly reduce the explosion pressure. In the above embodiment is preferably an undamped opening of the flap lid 2 provided by about 70 °, before the damping plate 25 with the damping element 22 comes into contact. Thereafter, the damping element 22 through the flap overhang 8th compressed and thereby deformed plastically and elastically in about a pivoting range of about 15 to 30 °, whereby the kinetic acceleration energy is converted at least 40 to 70% in heat and plastic deformation. As a result, a rapidly decelerating damping occurs, through which the explosion damper is not damaged and wherein the elasticity of the damping element 22 the flap lid 2 then safely closes again or remains open. Additional damping is also provided by the grease chamber 38 generated, which reduces the bearing load at the same time.

In practice, it has been found that the elastomeric damping element 22 Even with greater acceleration energy is not impaired in its function and always returned by its elasticity back to its original form. To the stability of the flap lid 2 additional increases are to reinforce the valve overhang 8th preferably at least two or four angle elements 31 provided, which is the heavily loaded third cross plate 11 opposite the flap bottom 35 support.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 3626946 A1 [0003]
• EP 1873085 A1 [0004]

Claims (10)

Explosion protection flap to compensate for pressure differences in closed systems, in particular in containers, silos, pipelines and the like, where there is a risk of explosion due to the system contents, with at least one pivot bearing assembly ( 4 ) pivotable flap lid ( 2 ) by at least one locking device ( 3 ) in the overpressure-free operating state, an outlet nozzle ( 1 ) holds closed and at least one damping device ( 5 ), wherein the damping device ( 5 ) at a predetermined radial distance from a pivot bearing ( 37 ) of the pivot bearing arrangement ( 4 ) between the flap lid ( 2 ) and a fixed component ( 6 ) below the flap lid ( 2 ) is arranged and at least one damping element ( 22 ), which is designed so that it is effective only after a predeterminable attenuation-free opening angle range, characterized in that the damping device ( 5 ) radially between the pivot bearing assembly ( 4 ) and a radial overhang ( 8th ) of the flap lid ( 2 ) via the pivot bearing device ( 4 ) is arranged in its pivoting range and that the damping element ( 22 ) consists of an elastomeric material. Explosion protection flap according to claim 1, characterized in that the damping device ( 4 ) at least one obliquely to the flap bottom ( 33 ) of the flap lid ( 2 ) arranged damping plate ( 25 ) and at least one provided in the swivel range axial damping element ( 22 ), wherein the damping element ( 22 ) in the swivel range on an oblique mounting plate ( 24 ) is arranged stationary. Explosion protection flap according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the damping element ( 22 ) is cylindrical or bale-shaped and consists of a plastic elastomer, in particular a co-polyester elastomer or an elastomeric rubber mixture. Explosion protection flap according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet nozzle ( 1 ) and the flap lid ( 2 ) square or rectangular, wherein the flap lid ( 2 ) to a locking device ( 3 ) is slightly tapered sheet metal form, which is hollow inside. Explosion protection flap according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flap overhang ( 8th ) or screwed with the flap lid ( 2 ) and is at most one-fifth to one-third in relation to the length of the closing Kalppenteils. Explosion protection flap according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flap overhang ( 8th ) with its to the damping element ( 22 ) attenuation surface ( 35 ) an angle to the flap bottom ( 33 ) of about 130 ° to 160 °. Explosion protection flap according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the pivoting region of the flap transition ( 8th ) on the damping surface ( 35 ) relative to the damping element ( 22 ) a damping plate ( 25 ) with a bevelled supporting surface ( 34 ) is arranged. Explosion protection flap according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axial damping element ( 22 ) on a slope to the rear transverse side ( 21 ) of the pipe wall of the outlet ( 1 ) arranged mounting plate ( 24 ) is attached. Explosion protection flap according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mounting plate ( 24 ) on a support trestle ( 23 ) located on the mounting edge ( 6 ) and a rear transverse side ( 21 ) of the rectangular or square outlet nozzle ( 1 ) is supported. Explosion protection flap according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Schenklageranordnung ( 4 ) a continuous bearing axis ( 14 ), in the flap lid ( 2 ) or in the flap overhang ( 8th ) pivotable by at least two Schenk bearings ( 37 ) and in the bearing support ( 15 ), wherein the pivot bearings ( 37 ) a fat chamber ( 38 ) seal tightly.