DE202007015502U1 - Stabilizer for a trailing-steered axle - Google Patents

Abstract

stabilizer (10) for a trailing-steered axle (1), wherein the axle (1) an axle body (2) and a tie rod (3), characterized in that the stabilizer (10) between axle body (2) and tie rod (3) is arranged, and that by the stabilizer (10) at a deflection of the tie rod (3) from a rest position relative to the axle body (2) a restoring force on the tie rod (3) exercised becomes.

Description

The The invention relates to a stabilizer for a trailing-steered axle.

multiaxial pendant for road vehicles are often equipped with tandem or tridem axles. Through this Two or three axes mounted at a distance of up to 1850 mm the axle load is reduced as the weight of the trailer spreads, nevertheless the trailer shows a similar Driving like a uniaxial trailer.

at smaller supporters for cars As a rule, the axes are rigid. This is constructive easy, leads However, when cornering not all wheels can follow the curve. The At least wheels an axis experience a force transverse to the direction and be so to speak laterally over dragged the ground. This effect, which leads to increased wear, is particular at higher Axle loads. Therefore, with heavier followers, e.g. in agriculture, usually one of the two axes steerable executed.

Around The design and handling of the trailer is easy to keep In many cases, the rear axle formed after-run. In this case, the axle comprises an axle body, which, apart from possibly from a suspension, firmly connected to the body of the trailer. On this axle body are arranged around vertical axes rotatable toggle lever, in which in turn, the axes of rotation of the rear wheels are mounted. The track levers are through a substantially transverse to the direction of travel Tie rod connected in which they are rotatably mounted.

The vertical axes of the toggle lie with respect to the direction of travel before the touch point of the respective wheel with the underground. In such a tracking pendant follow the wheels the rear axle ideally when cornering the curve, while when driving straight ahead, they run parallel in the direction of travel. Here is through the described effect of increased tire abrasion largely mitigated.

There thus the rear axle no longer laterally acting forces This must be determined by the front, rigid axle, the track axle, respectively. This is therefore exposed to an increased load, which again to increased wear on the tire and the wheel hub leads. Especially for heavy trailers with a high center of gravity, the track axis is often not able to the occurring lateral forces counteract and it comes to a lateral breakout of the Trailer. This does not occur according to experience only in curves, but it can be especially at higher speeds above 25 km / h to a rocking initially smaller laterally Movements come. The rocking remains in the favorable case to a slight lurching limited, but what for the driver as well as for other road users is irritating. In the less favorable Case, the trailer's rolling motion may soar that this completely out of the lane or even overturned.

Out For this reason, manufacturers of such trailers write a locking the steering axle at speeds above 25 km / h before. However, this is hardly practicable as a permanent lock and unlock the steering axle for the driver is unreasonable and on the other hand a constant driving Locked steering axle nullify the benefits of the same would.

Therefore It is an object of the present invention, a possibility to stabilize a trailing-steered axle.

The Task is solved by a stabilizer according to claim 1.

Of the stabilizer according to the invention is between axle body and tie rod arranged. The stabilizer is designed that by him at a deflection of the tie rod from a rest position relative to the axle body a restoring force exercised on the tie rod becomes. The rest position is the position in which the stabilizer no Force exerts on the tie rod. The rest position corresponds to the position of the tie rod, in which both Wheels parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trailer are aligned, as is the case when driving straight ahead.

In In this context, the term restoring force in the narrower sense forces which are always directed towards the rest position, beyond but also friction and inertia forces, the counteract any movement of the axis, thus also a movement from the rest position.

By the mentioned restoring force Aufschaukelungseffekte be avoided because of a noticeable deflection the tie rod requires a force when driving straight ahead does not work. Opposite when cornering a stronger lateral Force on the rear wheels a, whereby the restoring force overcome will and the wheels follow the curve. When changing from turning to straight ahead supports the restoring force realigning the wheels, thus avoiding the trailer in the opposite lane breaks out.

Thus, the driver can be on the directional stability leave the trailer and devote his full attention to traffic. He is thus much more relaxed and safer. Other road users are no longer endangered by a lurching or breaking out of the trailer.

Also In exceptional situations requiring abrupt evasive maneuvers, stabilization ensures that the trailer more precisely follows the trajectory of the tractor and not out of control device.

One Another important advantage is that the steering axle now in stronger Dimensions lateral personnel which in turn can increase the load on the fixed front axle is reduced, which is why at this and the mounted there Tire less wear occurs. Also, a lateral sliding away of the trailer is prevented.

It However, not only are the loads on the trailer itself reduced. Since the Trailer not breaks out of the lane, roadsides and banquets are spared. This is especially in bad weather conditions a considerable advantage because of wet, non-fortified subsoils the usual in agriculture today trailer masses be severely affected by up to 34 tonnes. Even though a simple embodiment of the invention, e.g. in the form of a spring element, the axle body and connecting tie rod with each other, sufficient for effective stabilization is, there are better opportunities for Dosing of the restoring force also for the choice of their starting point for a functional subdivision. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the stabilizer comprises the invention means for power transmission, the between axle body and tie rod are arranged and a return element for generating the restoring force, that with the means of power transmission connected is. As a means of power transmission here are the different Skilled in the art, e.g. Lever, linkage or Cables. As a return element can serve any device that is able to provide a force generate, such as a spring element. Furthermore, pneumatically or hydraulically operated reset elements be used.

in the In the context of the present invention, lever means any kind of rigid component with a rotation axis in which at least two from the axis of rotation spaced points, hereinafter force transmission points called, forces transferred between this component and another component can be. It is understood that in practice the power transmission is not in a single point, but on a certain surface he follows. However, for mechanical considerations always a single effective point of power transmission be determined, which lies within the area mentioned. As with the preferred embodiments but the named area always small compared the dimensions of the entire stabilizer plays the distinction between point and area not matter.

One Lever is preferred, but not necessarily, stretched. Of the means for power transmission, a lever has the Advantage that a force acting on one of his arms always corresponds to a torque, depending on the distance from the Rotary axis results in a variable force in the other arm. Consequently allows a lever not just the transmission of forces, but also their reinforcement or weakening. For this reason, in a preferred embodiment of the invention the means of power transmission designed as at least one lever. A lever can, as the expert it is known to be ball-bearing the axis of rotation, whereby the friction is significantly reduced.

In a development of the invention are the means for power transmission as two levers, hereinafter referred to as reset lever formed. These Reset lever are in a first pair of power transfer points that the Defining endpoints of a first distance between these points, on Return element arranged and have a second pair of power transmission points which define the endpoints of a second route and the for transmission of forces are determined by the tie rod, so that the return lever by deflections the tie rod from the rest position are deflected. The transmission points are mostly at the ends of the reset lever arranged. The reset lever are rotatably mounted on the axle. On the axle body is So a pair of parallel axes arranged, and each of the reset lever is rotatably mounted in each case about one of the axes.

forms the intersections of the axes with a plane perpendicular to them, This results in a pair of pivot points, which are the endpoints of a define the third route. This pair of pivot points is related on the reset lever, between the first pair of power transmission points and the second Pair of power transmission points arranged. By this construction is in an operating condition, in the corresponding lever is arranged on the tie rod, respectively a force transferable by each of the two return lever to the tie rod.

The strength of the forces on the second pair of power transmission points depends on the one hand on the one at the first pair of power transmission points, on the other hand on the geometric shape of the reset lever. By the latter he give yourself a variety of variations. It is possible to vary the generated torques and forces largely over the length of the partial levers between in each case a force transmission point and a pivot point as well as via their inclination. Since in this design of the stabilizer the total force results from the vectorial sum of the two individual forces, no change in direction of the individual forces or the corresponding torques in the reset levers is necessary for a change of direction of the total force that takes place when passing through the rest position. This offers the advantage that even those return elements can be used, although they can generate a force of variable strength, but not variable direction. This concerns, for example, pneumatic devices that can exert pressure but not a pull.

There the restoring forces to be generated symmetrical in terms of the by longitudinal axis and vertical axis of the trailer it is constructively preferred that the shape and arrangement of the reset lever so chosen will that fulcrums and power transfer points in rest position symmetrical to said plane or parallel thereto Level are arranged. Again, it is preferable, but not necessary that the entire stabilizer be called symmetrical Level is built up.

It has been shown that such a stabilizer already by inertia effects as well as friction stabilizes the entire axis, which in particular the counteracts described rolling movements. Here, the Effect of the stabilizer compared with that of an additional shock absorber become.

Advantageous However, it is when the stabilizer is a restoring force in the strict sense exercises. This can when using reset elements how springs or pneumatic devices are achieved by that these are compressed by a deflection of the tie rod. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the invention at a deflection of the tie rod from the rest position the first stretch shorter as in rest. Thus, the reset element by the on first pair of power transmission points acting forces pressed together, resulting in a restoring force results.

It There are different constructive possibilities such a squeezing to reach. Is the movement of the return element by no constructive activities limited, so must be ensured by a special geometry of the reset lever be that the corresponding shortening of the first distance is achieved comes.

In an embodiment the invention is therefore the first route shorter than the third route and the third track shorter as the second route. Because the length the first and second distance depending on the position of the reset lever vary, these and the following statements always refer to the Rest.

In another embodiment invention, the first route is longer than the third route and the second track is the same length as the third track. in this connection are any differences in length between the second and third distance, which is significantly smaller than the difference in length to the first track are, except Take care. Also through this geometry is a compression reaches the reset element.

you However, you can do without a special geometry of the levers, when you consider the movement of the reset element restricts which in a development of the invention by a restraint device happens. As a restraint device is any type of device referred to at a deflection of the Tie rod, which is a rotation of at least one of the reset lever entails the movement of the return element at a certain Point that corresponds to a certain angle of rotation of the reset lever stops. From this point leads a further rotation of the lever to a compression of the return element and thus to a restoring force. The corresponding reset device can go directly to the reset element interact or indirectly, by making one rotation of the other Levers stops. It is also conceivable that the corresponding restraint device is adjustable so that the response point and thus the tolerance of the Achssystems opposite Deflections can be adjusted.

In a further embodiment The invention is the return element through the restraint Completely locked. This statement is to be understood that the return element is compressed by a force acting from one side, but on the opposite side Page can not move from its rest position. This can be constructive e.g. be realized by each of the reset lever from the rest position can only turn in one direction. Is the lever Locked against rotation in the opposite direction, can also be the return element do not perform any appropriate movements.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the retaining device is designed as a connected to the axle body Hebelbegrenzungsbock. This includes any type of rigid component, which has the necessary stability to counteract the force exerted by the respec gene return force and so a further rotation to prevent the lever. Such a component may be conveniently made of steel, but other materials are conceivable. A compact, z. B. parallelepiped construction is preferred, but in addition also comes, for example, a structural division into consideration, in each case one of the two parts of the Hebelbegrenzungsbocks is provided to limit the movement of a lever.

by virtue of the movements of the reset lever in the operating state is a rigid connection of the same with the Return element inexpedient. Around to take this circumstance into account and yet an optimal power transmission to ensure, are the reset levers preferably on the return element rotatably mounted.

There the tie rod is connected to the track levers, which in turn with the axle body connected, it can only perform certain lateral movements. A transmission of forces vertical to this direction of movement would to unnecessary Load the tie rod and stabilizer. Around To prevent this, it is preferred that each of the reset levers in a state where it is disposed on the tie rod this is arranged displaceably in at least one direction. Said direction is preferably perpendicular to the direction of movement the tie rod, so only such forces are transmitted, the one Can cause movement of the tie rod. An appropriate storage For example, by a fixed to the tie rod Bock to be realized, whose sides are responsible for power transmission to the reset lever serve, formed perpendicular to the direction of movement of the tie rod are.

In a development of the invention, the return element is pneumatic operated. It can be designed in this case as a pneumatic bellows, the between the reset levers is arranged and due to its internal pressure, a force on both Leverage exercises. A special advantage of pneumatics is that in this case the Strength the exercised Do not force, as with a spring, with size, weight or material of the Reset element is in relationship, but only with the inside of it prevailing air pressure.

In a further preferred embodiment According to the invention, the return element is hydraulic operated. Again, the force exerted by the return element only dependent on the internal pressure of the same. Corresponding hydraulic elements are known from the prior art. These are operated by means of a high-pressure pump and are often coupled to a gas pressure accumulator, on the one hand compression work on the other hand serves as a pressure reservoir in case of failure of the pump and thus for a certain time the functionality maintains the hydraulic element upright.

Though is the empty mass of the trailer constant, but can be especially with agriculture or forestry Use the payload be a multiple of the curb weight. There Accordingly, the applied restoring force varies is it desirable These adjust without much effort leaves. This is in a preferred embodiment of the invention thereby reached that pressure for the operation of the pneumatic or hydraulic return element by means of a return element arranged supply line is variably adjustable. This is in turn to a compressor or a high-performance pump connected either in the Tractor or trailer itself can be integrated.

Even though it is conceivable, the setting of the operating pressure manually z. B. to make it possible for the driver to do it better this is set automatically. Therefore, in a continuing education the invention of the pressure for the operation of the return element by means of a control device as a function of the on-axis resting weight automatically adjustable. Such a control device can be in similar As in the known from the prior art automatic load dependent Brake system (ALB) with the help of sensors determine the axle load, From this the necessary operating pressure for the pneumatic or hydraulic Detect element and connected to the supply line compressor control accordingly. The use of such a control device offers the advantage that the return element always operated at optimum pressure, while the driver of the responsibility for the necessary settings is relieved.

The present invention enables thus an effective stabilization of a trailing-steered axle, especially in agricultural or forestry-used, heavy Trailers. This results in a safe driving behavior and a high directional stability of the trailer. accidents are avoided and the driver drives relaxed. Furthermore results less wear on the rigid axle and the mounted there Tires. After all also unpaved road edges are spared, as these are no longer be unnecessarily worn by rolling or breaking the trailer. Consequently wears the stabilizer according to the invention on the one hand for safety, on the other hand are also by him Saved costs.

following the operation of the invention with reference to an embodiment explained with reference to the drawings. Hereby show:

1 1 is a schematic representation of a perspective view of a trailing-steered axle with a first embodiment of a stabilizer therefor,

2 FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a perspective view of the stabilizer of FIG 1 .

3 FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a top view of the stabilizer of FIG 1 and an axle body and a tie rod in rest position,

4 FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a top view of the stabilizer of FIG 1 and an axle body and a tie rod in the deflected position,

5 : A schematic representation of a plan view of a second embodiment of a stabilizer and an axle body and a tie rod in rest position and

6 FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a top view of the stabilizer of FIG 5 and an axle body and a tie rod in deflected position.

As in 1 can be seen, includes a trailing-steered rear axle 1 an axle body 2 a substantially parallel to this, spaced therefrom tie rod 3 and a first track lever 4 and a second track lever (not illustrated). At the track lever 4 is on a wheel axle 5 first bike 6b rotatably mounted. At a (not shown) further wheel axle is a second wheel 6a rotatably mounted. The tie rod 3 ensures that the track levers 4 are always aligned in parallel when cornering and when driving straight ahead. Thus, those are on the track levers 4 mounted wheels 6a . 6b always aligned in parallel. At the rear axle 1 is a stabilizer 10 arranged.

This includes, as in 2 and 3 can be seen, as essential functional elements two reset lever 14a . 14b between the tie rod 3 and axle body 2 are arranged, as well as between the reset levers 14a . 14b arranged pneumatic bellows 11 , which serves as a restoring element. The reset lever 14a . 14b provide the power transmission from the bellows 11 on the tie rod 3 ,

On the sides of the bellows 11 are a first and a second bracket 12a . 12b attached. The first holder 12a includes a connection point 19 for a supply line 20 for compressed air, by means of which the pressure in the bellows 11 can be regulated. The feed line 20 is fed by a compressor (not shown). The first holder 12a is also by means of a first support axis of rotation 13 on a first reset lever 14a rotatably mounted, in turn, by means of a first return lever pivot axis 15 on the axle body 2 is rotatably mounted. Because the stabilizer 10 is constructed symmetrically, there is a first reset lever 14a corresponding second reset lever 14b with a mirror image corresponding structure on the opposite side of the bellows 11 , Function and constructive features of the same correspond to those of the first reset lever 14a , In particular, this applies to a second support rotational axis (not shown) and a second return lever rotational axis (also not shown).

About the first support axis of rotation 13 becomes one of the pneumatic bellows 11 generated force to the first reset lever 14a transfer, which results in a torque. The reset lever 14a . 14b are slidable on one at the tie rod 3 attached to tie rod bracket 21 arranged. The first reset lever 14a Torque generated results in a force acting on the tie rod 21 and thus on the tie rod 3 is transmitted.

As in 3 is recognizable, showing the stabilizer when driving straight ahead in rest position, the reset lever 14a . 14b essentially stretched along two straight lines 30a . 30b formed, wherein the straight line in this position enclose an angle α, which is approximately 24 °. The distance between the first support axis of rotation 13 and the second support rotation axis, which is the approximate position of the first pair of power transmission points 16a . 16b set is less than the distance of a pair of pivots 18a . 18b that is within the first return lever pivot axis 15 and the second Rückstellhebeldrehachse lie. The distance between the two pivot points is again smaller than the distance of the second pair of power transmission points 17a . 17b in which the reset lever 14a . 14b at the tie rod bracket 21 issue.

Is the tie rod in a curve 3 deflected, as in 4 shown reduced due to the geometric arrangement of the reset lever 14a . 14b the distance of the first pair of power transmission points 16a . 16b , Thus, the pneumatic bellows 11 compressed against the pressure prevailing in him, resulting in a restoring force, which on the tie rod bracket 21 and thus on the tie rod 3 acts. As a result, this, as soon as after leaving the curve no lateral forces on the wheels 6a . 6b act, returned to the rest position.

In the 5 and 6 illustrated embodiment of the stabilizer according to the invention 10 differs from the above-described above all in that on the axle body 2 a hey belbegrenzungsbock 22 is arranged. This is with the axle body 2 firmly connected. As in 5 , which shows the stabilizer when driving straight in rest position, is recognizable, here is the entire stabilizer 10 symmetrically constructed. In this embodiment, the ratios of the distances of the first pair of power transmission points 16a . 16b , the pair of pivots 18a . 18b and the second pair of power transmission points 17a . 17b not decisive for the function. In rest position, the reset lever 14a . 14b no contact with the lever limiting stand 22 ,

Is the tie rod in a curve 3 over a certain amount, here to the left, deflected, as in 6 shown, is the second reset lever 14b at the lever-limiting stand 22 on, whereby a further rotation of the second reset lever 14b is prevented. This also allows the bellows 11 do not move any further and each through the first reset lever 14a caused movement of the first holder 12a in the direction of the bellows 11 leads to a compression of the same. This results in a couple of forces on the reset lever 14a . 14b acts. How out 6 can be seen, the second reset lever holds 14b but not on the tie rod 21 and thus transfers no force on the tie rod 3 , Therefore, one acts exclusively through the first reset lever 14a applied restoring force on the tie rod bracket 21 on the tie rod 3 , As a result, this, as soon as after leaving the curve no lateral forces on the wheels 6a . 6b act, returned to the rest position.

Claims (16)

Stabilizer ( 10 ) for a trailing-steered axle ( 1 ), where the axis ( 1 ) an axle body ( 2 ) and a tie rod ( 3 ), characterized in that the stabilizer ( 10 ) between axle body ( 2 ) and tie rod ( 3 ) and that by the stabilizer ( 10 ) at a deflection of the tie rod ( 3 ) from a rest position relative to the axle body ( 2 ) a restoring force on the tie rod ( 3 ) is exercised. Stabilizer according to claim 1, comprising - means for transmitting power ( 14a . 14b ), which between axle body ( 2 ) and tie rod ( 3 ) are arranged and - a reset element ( 11 ) for generating the restoring force associated with the means for transmitting power ( 14a . 14b ) connected is. Stabilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that the means for power transmission ( 14a . 14b ) are formed as at least one lever. Stabilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that the means for power transmission as two reset lever ( 14a . 14b ) are formed, - in a first pair of power transmission points ( 16a . 16b ), which define the end points of a first route, on the return element ( 11 ), - a second pair of power transmission points ( 17a . 17b ) which define the end points of a second path and which are used to transmit forces from the track rod (FIG. 3 ) are determined so that the reset lever ( 14a . 14b ) by deflections of the tie rod ( 3 ) are deflectable from the rest position and - in each case about an axis of the axle body ( 2 ) arranged pair of parallel axes ( 15 ) characterized by a pair of pivot points ( 18a . 18b ), which define the end points of a third distance, are rotatably mounted, wherein the pair of pivot points ( 18a . 18b ), related to the reset lever ( 14a . 14b ), between the first pair of power transmission points ( 16a . 16b ) and the second pair of power transmission points ( 17a . 17b ) is arranged. Stabilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that during a deflection of the tie rod ( 3 ) from the rest position the first distance is shorter than at rest. Stabilizer according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized that the first track shorter is shorter than the third track and the third track is shorter as the second route. Stabilizer according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized that the first track is longer is as the third track and the second track is the same length like the third track. Stabilizer according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the reset lever ( 14a . 14b ) on the return element ( 11 ) are rotatably mounted. Stabilizer according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that each of the reset levers ( 14a . 14b ) in a state in which he at the tie rod ( 3 ) is arranged, is slidably disposed thereon in at least one direction. Stabilizer according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized by a restraining device ( 22 ), by a movement of the return element ( 11 ) is at least partially restrictable. Stabilizer according to one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the return element ( 11 ) by the restraint device ( 22 ) is completely locked. Stabilizer according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the restraint device as one with the axle body ( 2 ) connected Leverbegrenzungsbock ( 22 ) is trained. Stabilizer according to one of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that the return element ( 11 ) is pneumatically operable. Stabilizer according to one of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that the return element ( 11 ) is hydraulically operable. Stabilizer according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the pressure for the operation of the return element ( 11 ) by means of a on the return element ( 11 ) arranged supply line ( 20 ) is variably adjustable. Stabilizer according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that by means of a control device, the pressure for the operation of the return element ( 11 ) as a function of that on the axis ( 1 ) resting weight is automatically adjustable.