DE202006013964U1 - Brick-work e.g. for building gabion stone cage walls, has several gabion stone cage walls which are built up as basic, static and formative element to wall - Google Patents

Abstract

The brick-work has several gabion stone cage walls. The gabion stone cages are built up as basic, static and formative element to a wall, which connects several large volume gabion stone cages providing a cage wall. The gabion stone cages form a base reinforcing foundation also at the base. The gabion cages can be stored in verges using wire e.g. galvanized with bound stones being laminated and smoothed.

Description

Stone baskets will be in many cases used as construction material, but so far not to design of outer walls for residential, Work and other commercial buildings used. Currently, no known uses (except wall / façade veneers) as a supporting Walls for the house construction before. But this is both ecological and economical meaningful.

alternative Masonry concepts for Buildings are with the use of similar Technologies conceivable. We therefore call you Gabionsteinkorbgemäuer.

a. State of the art

Already For a few years now there are stone baskets in different versions in use. They are used in particular for slope and embankment fortifications, Dam protection, bank protection, retaining walls (Reinforcements) in road construction, Enclosures, avalanche protection, landfill cover, as a trench (infiltration aids) and as noise (Sound insulation) and blinds used in landscaping. To the Part of the stone basket today is also a design element of Landscape architecture. Recently, they also serve the facade cladding.

she have been known since the late 19th century and have been apparently first in Italy for Bank protection measures used. Later you realized other applications.

Some also refer to this stone basket as a "modular prefabricated drywall concept" free-standing walls up to a height of 7 m, with a width of only 1 m of the stone basket. It probably also has stacked stone baskets an overall height of about 20 m given as completed construction projects.

Stone baskets (so-called Gabions) in metallic design are characterized by high transport and storage stability. she are usually hot-dip galvanized. The durability of the wires amounts to - depending on Quality - up to to 55 years (Europe, outside unpainted, i. without additional Protection).

in the Gardening and landscaping, the stone basket is permeable to water and serves various life forms as a habitat. He fits thus There also optimal to the environment.

b. problem

ba. idea took up

learning essential was for me a holiday trip through the island of Brac in Croatia. There I am me on a variety of quarrystone or boulder pilings pushed the seemingly arbitrary in a big one Amount were created on the island. For generations, these have been mainly for the better use of the barren stone soil, piled up for agriculture. As a side benefit (but not primarily the piles, but rather by the many road and area fencing or walls) was the wind and herd protection probably crucial. They were then, just like today, "rubbish heaps" of land use, including the perimeter walls in Brac are very artful. Keep in spite of low grain size she stood for centuries the strong winds. Not least, too by its depth of up to 2 m.

bb. Possible application

By climate change evoked, extreme environmental conditions require a review of low-cost or lightweight construction, the extreme weather conditions not more, or only insufficient have grown. With little technical know-how could help of "Gabionsteinkorbgemäuer" (their elements technically similar to the stone baskets) so stable, durable constructions are created.

The Requirements for house insulation in building construction have constantly increased. At the same time, the area costs are stagnating (especially through child poverty in industrialized countries). In the often very poor countries, which are particularly afflicted by climatic disasters, are room costs also completely negligible. The weather has not chosen poverty. Stone is an excellent one Memory and comes worldwide everywhere in the open pit. In part, stone is waste product (e.g., underground mining). Stones provide optimal heat transfer, are stable and therefore provide security. Transport costs and capacities are available worldwide. Stone has been used as building material for thousands of years sizes used.

The use of local, natural building materials contributes to the homeostasis of the local environment. These stones (depending on static requirements) can be arbitrarily mixed with stones of other regions (weight, type, grain, static requirement, frost sensitivity, if necessary. Optics are input parameters). It is important to place the stones according to sizes within a stone basket (large stones below, smaller stones above), whereby optical constraints according to the nature of the intended use (plastered, unpainted, veneered, etc.) must be taken into account. Also used filling materials can be selected according to regional criteria (eg Jurakalk, broken bricks etc.). These fillers can also be called Denote surcharges. Again, waste from brick production can be used.

optical constraints are for the setting and the way of the stone relevant. So sawn, by Hand set stone, for example, rather for outsides, bulk or Quarry stone for insides be used. Also boulders (out River or stream runs) would be in the Inner pages usable. There are already stone baskets in angular ones today and round shapes, so that too architecturally no hurdles consist. These forms are for Gabion gabion walls also conceivable.

there is the use of alternative bordering concepts like steel for the Gabions gabions (outside metallic alloys) conceivable. Metal has the extra Advantage that there are radiation exposures outside inhibits (Faraday cage), however, not necessarily the use of various binders (e.g., gypsum) relieved (corrosion sensitivity → required minimum overlap according to DIN 1045). Have metal gabionic baskets the advantage that they enough are stiff to a swirling of the material and thus a shape inconsistency the Gabionsteinkorbgemäuer to avoid. They have sufficient pressure and tensile stability. Unfortunately, The structural steel is then also negative to the electromagnetic radiation inside a building. Therefore, a must Isolation act accordingly, the electromagnetic and / or Overcomes decomposition conditions or corrosion-specific problems. You could but also the gabion baskets be pressed by means of binders so that organic (prerequisite is the sufficient traction force) would be possible (they would then rot after years). Especially the machine supported Prefabrication of gabionic stone masonry makes it possible, too Use binding materials, the hardening time for a direct shoring to would last long. Also, burning could do this prefabricated gabion baskets again faster be built as in conventional construction in a brick wall directly on site would be conceivable (prefabricated components, so to speak). The tensile / compressive stability of the enclosure concept would be then also subordinate. The stone basket would then only during used in the necessary quality of the manufacturing process.

The easy handling - off logistical and bauer ergonomic points of view - urges downright a use of gabionic baskets on. They are fast (between 100 and 150 sqm / day), true to size and economical can be laid, transported (by mounting bracket or stapler), durable, maintenance-free and have low tolerances during installation and installation on. You can also at the place of stone extraction (decentralized), but also in central facilities layered (manually or mechanically) and possibly also immediately compacted (by means of vibrating tables with formwork). The use of filling material prevents sagging. In addition, could Binders are used to keep the materials firmly together would be connected. The latter are not necessarily required, but could already supplied in the manufacturing process. Through the formwork in the vibrating table will the dimensional stability and dimensional accuracy guaranteed. The selection of fillings (for the Densifications) leads also to sound-insulating effects (e.g., gravel). The use of Joint systems at the Gabionsteinkorbecken (joints) leads to the "dense", lightened Space perception.

c. Invention / innovation

Of the Use of gabionic baskets for building walls in one- or multi-storey residential, work and other commercial buildings (buildings) urges itself for the Shell construction - off the reasons mentioned - almost on. In particular, could thus also in environmentally critical (earthquakes, floods, storm ...) Regions, an ideal, reusable and therefore ecological very valuable building fabric opened become. Gabion gabion walls are easy to create, easy to move, large, cheap, ecologically sound and reusable and therefore reinvestible objects. The disposal is virtually not at.

d. commercial application

The Infrastructure for The metal frames of gabion baskets are currently available. The deliverability of simple stone baskets is also available as a marketplace. An implementation and recovery is therefore technically possible very quickly.

Commercially available purchase costs (ex works) for one 200 x 100 x 100 cm Gabion stone basket are likely at about 200-400 EUR. Let's assume that one with the masses 200 x 120 x 140 cm greater Gabion stone basket should cost around 300-600 EUR. Only the technical Details of the ancillary claims mentioned in the application are not immediate, but only can be implemented with start-up time.

e. Advantages for the stand of the technique

By a sensible selection of building materials can reduce the house-building costs significantly lower. In addition, ecological and traditional building materials are used. A contribution to the mission of natural products and thus the environmentally compatible integration of technology is done.

f. example

1) House according to drawing 1

Depending on the soil condition, a foundation ( 1 ) be placed. The foundation can consist of a concrete foundation or possibly of gabion baskets. The loading or the static requirement requires the manner of foundation design. At least 2 layers of gabionic baskets ( 2 ) per floor with a total height of at least 2.70 m each must be created. The voluminous gabion baskets below, the narrower gabion baskets above are to install. Important is the projectile fold, which serves as a ground support for storey columns ( 3 ) serves. Thus, the floor or the ceiling of the projectile can be attached (on the one hand edition of the projectiles and on the other hand fuse for pressure inside). The stacking takes place by means of so-called composite stacking in order to produce the highest possible intrinsic stability. The gabion stone basket must be sealed at the field locations accordingly against moisture ( 4 ) become. Ideal is an external insulation plaster. In the interior, the installation technology could be installed behind a wall made of wooden stand technology. Alternatively, the installation technique can also be laid as empty conduits within the gabions stone basket. Additional stabilization crosses (see drawing) attached to the ceiling height, spread out by mating threads on steel pipes over the entire width of the house, serve to secure the wall (pressure to the outside).

2) Window / door handling as shown in the drawing 2

The Gabionsteinkorbgemäuer be stacked in composite stacking on top of each other. At least 2 stone heights each result in a storey height. Gabionstone basement masonry is therefore offset (in composite) built to achieve a basic stability of the construction. For the Kellerbau, the widest and heaviest Gabionsteinkorbgemäuer ( 1 ) used. There are already narrower and lighter Gabionsteinkorbgemäuer for the ground floor ( 2 ) and once again lighter and even narrower gabionic stone masonry ( 3 ) necessary for the upper floor. This process can be repeated over several floors. For external stabilization additional stabilization crosses can be used at the points ( 4 ), where no window / door clearances are to be considered. The internal stabilization is achieved via the ceiling / floor construction (pressure from outside to inside).

In supervision, doors and windows are used as empty fields ( 5 ). As far as possible, the empty spaces are filled with gabionic baskets (otherwise conventionally bricked) until standard openings are available. Then design elements (eg sandstone ..) can be used (by means of walls of normal, commercial brick).

3) Fixing cone on ground and ceiling plate according to drawing 3

Fixing cones can each be attached to a fixed base plate ( 1 - nut cone = conical cavity) or ceiling plate ( 2 Father cone = Vollgußkörper) are applied. The bottom plate is at least three parts, because of the composite system, of course, different constellations are conceivable. The cones are maximum 30 cm high. They facilitate the later assembly / placement of gabion stone basement walls. It is necessary that already when setting the gabion baskets with stones or filling and, if necessary, binding material, the bottom plate is created. Otherwise, adequate compression is not possible. The bottom plate must also already been clamped in the formwork before the compaction is carried out. The ceiling plate with applied fixation cones is put on before the baskets are finally fixed or "lashed together." They should be connected to the gabion stone basket or stones and fillers with additional binding materials.

4) Installation pipes within the wall cubes according to drawing 4

The stratification of the gabions stone basket calls for additional attention with regard to the inclusion of additional installation tubes for electric ( 1 ) and heating technology ( 2 ). The stratification with stones and filling and, if necessary, binding material is (if necessary even if a bottom plate is used) interrupted by the electrical installation pipes.They are stable - if necessary metal pipes - which are laid inside the gabion stone basement (half depth) and also In total, there are 3 exits through the central T-piece, the pipes have at least a diameter of 7 cm and the stones, fillers and, if necessary, binding materials applied to them must be placed carefully 15 cm, the heating plumbing 2 ). The pipe has a diameter of at least 15 cm, an internal insulation barrier (eg Styrofoam) to separate hot (top) and cold water (bottom). In addition, air outlets are attached again above. They allow the escape of air ( 3 ) into the gabion stone basket. This warms the stones. It can generate radiation heat. In order to produce the necessary separation of hot and cold water cycle, could also Heizungsinstalationsrohre be laid side by side at the same height. The cold water circuit would run in the outer area, the hot water circulation in the inner area.

g) other information; Besides Benefits Description

• (a) Gabionensteinkorbgemäuer können sowohl am Einsatzort maschinell) geschichtet, gerüttelt, geschlichtet und gebunden sein; sowie am Fundort vorkonfektioniert oder verlegefertig präpariert, oder zentral mittels industrieller Verfahren erstellt und fertig an den Baustellen zum Einsatz kommen und verlegt werden.
• (b) Gabionensteinkorbgemäuer können mittels Maschinen/Kränen einfach gesetzt werden.
• (c) Gabionensteinkorbgemäuer zeichnen sich dadurch aus, daß sie mehrfach verwendbar sind (d.h. Gabionensteinkörbe sind haltbar und wiederverwendbar),

With the use of masonry described the following additional benefits are connected.

• (a) gabionic stone masonry may be mechanically layered, shaken, sized and bonded both on-site; as well as prefabricated at the place of discovery or ready for laying, or prepared centrally by means of industrial processes and ready to be used and laid at the construction sites.
• (b) Gabion stone basement masonry can be easily set by means of machines / cranes.
• (c) gabionic stone masonry is characterized by being reusable (ie gabionic baskets are durable and reusable),

1. Use of fixation concepts (see drawing 3)

through conical Mother (at the bottom) and Father funnel (will fit the exact Fixing the Gabionsteinkorbgemäuer supported. This concept is flanking It makes sense where special laying conditions (for example bad location conditions) prevail.

2. Use of alternative Mount concepts

Currently Only metallic edging concepts for gabionic stone masonry are used. There are also other materials that are quite high or have sufficient rigidity (compressive and tensile stiffness). By the use of binding materials, if necessary. Even materials as Enclosures are to be provided, which themselves - after the end of the consolidation binding materials - organic decompose.

3. Use of filling and binding material

Currently will - next to the stones - only filler in the Gabionsteinkorbgemäuer brought in. additional Binders are not used. These binding materials should a sagging (next to the filler material) or bursting of the gabion basket structure (e.g., by damage the mount) and maintain a basic shape stability (even if the enclosure concept is insufficient). You could too the gabion stone basket completely close down. In practice is likely this full-tightness, however, is not the best way (see section 2.4.a) be. Straight down and up the gabion stone basket should at least breathable be because a binder with a heat transfer can be prevented would. For stability reasons recommends It therefore, installation channels already laid in gabion stone basket (see 2.4.c).

binder are for example GIPS, building lime, trass and cement. filling material is, for example, clay, wool, gravel, styrofoam, broken brick, clay, Quarry.

4. Use as a wall heating

• a) By means of additional ventilation shafts, the As the respective floor plate of gabion baskets is attached, hot air can over the Gabion gabion walls be fed in ground floor level, which then defines after escapes above and thus operates a kind of wall heating. They distributed as radiant heat over all floors. The installation inlets could also be made per floor. By the wall thickness is the heat inevitably longer held. The energy consumption is lower because the perceived heat is higher, as the actual Warmth. In addition, mold can be avoided.
• b) Ideally, the use of a set up in the house, central Gabion stone basket tower, which gives warm air upwards (central concept). He fulfills if necessary, also static special tasks. The ones with natural heat loss accompanying external wall heating, would be bypassed (Variants a and c).
• c) The installation technique according to drawing 4 also leads to a warming of gabion stone basket. It is the variant with integrated installation technology.

5. Integration of installation pipes (see drawing 4)

For electric and heating technology can pipes (with 3 inlets / outlets) for each Electrical and heating technology installed inside the gabion stone basket become. The pipes can made of different materials. Only by the Layering technique determines how stable the Gabionstone basket is in the core is "built." Therefore, could itself Plastic used as a conduit.

6. Use of logistical optimized dimensions

Currently will only be mass for the surface modules offered in half-metric or metered intervals.

The height module is currently at 1 m designed. It should also be possible higher strata up to 1.5 m (between 1.25 and 1.60 m) to represent a floor with 2 layers can.

The Width modules (depth) are currently only known in the dimensions 50 and 100 cm. Here are the variants 20, 30, 40, 80, 120 and 160 cm at least possible.

The length modules are with the masses 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200 also permit.

Claims (9)

Masonry for building gabionic stone masonry, characterized in that several gabionic baskets are assembled as a load-bearing, static and design element to a wall, which in turn is referred to as a combination of several large-volume Gabionsteinkörben as Gabionensteinkorbgemäuer. Masonry for Building gabion stone basket masonry behind Claim 1, characterized in that gabionic baskets also on the ground can form the Bodenarmierung / foundation stick. Masonry for Building gabion stone basket masonry behind Claim 1, characterized in that the Gabionsteinkörbe used in enclosures (e.g., galvanized wire) designed for tensile and compressive force are and the set, stratified, squeezed and bound Include stones, Masonry for Building gabion stone basket masonry behind Claim 1, characterized in that stones within the Gabionensteinkorbes shaken only loosely, or with filler bag-proof and / or firmly connected to each other by means of binding materials are, Masonry for Building gabion stone basket masonry behind Claim 1, characterized in that gabionic baskets for building construction with each other in Verbundsetzweise are set as Gabionensteinkorbgemäuer, and means Fugensystemen can be sealed. Masonry for Building gabion stone basket masonry behind Claim 1, characterized in gabion stone baskets each via conical fixing concepts (Top and bottom plate) can be connected to each other, Masonry for Building gabion stone basket masonry behind Claim 1, characterized in that the enclosures of gabion baskets in addition to metallic Materials also from plastics or organic materials procure can be - or completely can be dispensed with borders, because of binding materials the basic strength (compression / tension) already achieved, Masonry for Building gabion stone basket masonry behind Claim 1, characterized in that Fülllmaterialien a sagging prevent the stones set in the gabion stone basket Masonry for Building gabion stone basket masonry behind Claim 1, characterized in that conduits as ventilation, Heating or electrical engineering ducts in gabion stone basket already be relocated.