DE2008877A1 - pr 26-02.69 V.St.v.Amerika 80267O 12.12.69 "881694 Method for washing textile goods - Google Patents

Description

concerning:

Method for washing textile goods

The invention relates to a first washing process (A) for textiles, the application of which results in a clean item of laundry that is essentially free of bacteria and bacterial spores; the process consists of the following steps: the laundry items are washed in hot water with a medium water level in the presence of soap and a scavenger; the contents of the washing machine are then flooded one or more times. The pieces are then washed at a low water level for about 10 to 15 minutes at about 80 to 90 ° C. in the presence of a strong alkali and soap or a detergent; then the contents of the washing machine are flooded again; then the laundry is bleached in hot water at a medium water level, for which an oxygen-containing bleach is used, which is present in a concentration of about 0.1 to 0.2 % of the dry weight of the goods and consists either of hydrogen peroxide or a substance that * forms in the presence of water, hydrogen peroxide or nascent oxygen, wherein the bleaching process is carried out for about 6 to 10 minutes at least about 80 ⁰ C; the washed goods are then rinsed and acidified in the presence of a water-soluble germicide, the concentration of which is sufficient to prevent the formation of mold stains in the goods, whereupon

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the water is removed from the acidified product .

According to a variant (B) of the process according to the invention, the procedure is as follows: the goods are washed in the presence of a soap and a scavenger in hot water at a medium water level and the contents of the washing machine are flooded one or more times; the goods are then treated at a low water level and a water temperature of about 60 to 71 ⁰ C in the presence of an oxygen-containing bleach in a concentration of about 0.1 to 0.2 % of the dry weight with a bleach, which is either hydrogen peroxide or a substance, which in the presence of water / water forms hydrogen peroxide or nascent oxygen, the treatment time being chosen so that an essentially uniform penetration of the goods with the oxygen-containing bleaching agent is achieved; the temperature of the contents of the washing machine is then increased to at least 80 ° C. in the presence of a strong alkali and a soap or detergent for about 10 to 15 minutes and the goods are rinsed one or more times; The contents of the machine are then acidified in the presence of a water-soluble Geroacid, the concentration of which is sufficient to prevent the formation of mold stains within the goods, and the water is extracted from the acidified goods.

Optionally, both in the procedure (A) and in the variant (B) after the treatment with the oxygen-containing Bleaching agents and, before acidification, a bleaching process with hypochlorite can be used to remove stains from the goods.

To the effectiveness of the peroxide treatment within the invention Method of killing bacterial spores indicators are used without monitoring damage to the washed goods at the same time

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- 5 A large part within with washing and cleaning industries involved in textiles deny companies that supply consumers with their own laundry, such as doctors, Cosmetic salons, industrial companies, hotels, restaurants, etc. A company of this type supplies its customers continuously clean laundry, i.e. clean laundry is given out regularly and soiled laundry is also regularly collected, The soiled laundry is washed in-house.

Many of the laundry users mentioned above require laundry that is essentially free of bacteria or bacterial spores. This is particularly true in cases such as a doctor's practice or a clinic where medical treatment makes a sterile environment is required. Until recently, laundry cleaning operations took the view that the rigorous washing conditions employed resulted in a product that was perfectly sterile. This assumption was based on bacterial examination of samples taken from the surface of the washed product, which generally showed that this product was free of

Bacteria or bacterial spores.

Recently, however, it was found that {be included in the interstices or pores of a washed product, such as an endless towel, heat-resistant bacterial spores that can survive the ruling in a conventional washing process strict conditions. This emerged from bacterial studies in which small parts of the washed pieces were mascerated, whereupon they were placed in a growth medium which, preferably even in the presence of organic compounds such as phenyl mercuric acetate, promoted bacterial growth. Such experiments have shown that the usual laundry, which has a perfectly hygienically clean surface, often contains a large number of warmer sist ent en bacterial spores, which in the intermediate

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Sohen spaces or pores of the goods are embedded. Dtr-like '{:' spores which are still viable even after the washing process' naturally pose a health risk, as they can be activated under appropriate growth conditions and produce bacteria. This fact would have a very harmful effect if the laundry were to be used, for example, in a clinic or a doctor's office. But even in cases where the laundry is used by many different people, such as endless towels, the release of bacteria from the pores of the towel could lead to a rapid spread of these bacteria. If it is germs, the end result would be the spread of the bacteria on an epidemic scale.

A wide variety of methods are known for sterilizing items of laundry, for example intensive heating, use of ultraviolet light, etc. Most of these methods, however, are so rigorous that they damage the laundry and, because of the need to purchase new items, lead to a sharp increase in costs would. In addition, many sterilization methods would stain the laundry, e.g. napkins or the professional clothing of nurses and doctors. Finally, many sterilization methods are not compatible with the existing washing facilities at all, so that their inclusion would lead to extensive changes in the usual washing process and the existing facilities.

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The invention provides a solution to the problems indicated above . The washing process according to the invention can be carried out with the help of the existing washing facilities, avoids any damage to the fabrics and still has the effect that the heat-resistant bacterial spores in the pores of the items to be washed are killed. In connection with the method according to the invention, means for examining the laundry were developed which repair the operating personnel to continuously examine the washing process and its effectiveness.

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seems appropriate to define certain technical terms first, the following are used several times. Of the , Term "light soiling" refers to laundry that is neither heavily soiled with stains nor contains significant amounts of loose dirt particles. As "slightly dirty" Hotel linen can be considered, for example, and in many cases this also applies to towels etc. from hairdressers. The weight of contaminants in pieces of this type is negligible and as a guide for such pollution can contain about 1/2 part by weight of dry dirt (0.2%) on a machine filling of 300 parts by weight be considered.

The term "medium soiling" refers to items such as waitress clothing, beauty salon towels and, in some cases, restaurant napkins. The weight of soiling in items of this type is higher than in lightly soiled items (see above) and the laundry also contains more stains than if it is only lightly soiled. A guideline for this category is a content of about 5 parts by weight of dry dirt (2.0%) and 500 parts by weight of the machine content.

Soiled laundry in the next category, labeled "heavily soiled", not only contains stains, but also significant amounts of loose dirt particles ( which must be rinsed out of the washing machine _$ to prevent the laundry from turning gray. For example, heavily soiled Aprons from butchers' shops, towels from restaurants and wiping cloths that were used for room cleaning. As a guideline, about 30 parts by weight of dirt (10.0 %) on 300 parts by weight of machines can contain • be set up.

Finally one speaks of a last category, which is referred to as "technical pollution" and from greasy soiling, those with mineral oil

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ORIGINAL M3PECTÜD

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V holds. This includes, for example, towels and Overalls from garages and industrial plantsBas weight at '* Contaminants in this category are significantly higher than in all others: As a guideline, about 100 parts by weight are used

;, dry dirt (50.0 %) on a machine content of 300 parts by weight named *

The inventive method (A) and its variant (B) ^Λ enables textiles to be cleaned in the washing machine,

the pieces being essentially free of bacteria and bacteria spores occur. The effectiveness of the washing process in terms of killing bacteria and their spores without

Damage to the laundry can be done with the help of indicator packs

™ are controlled in the following for simplicity and To be briefly referred to as "detectors".

The already mentioned variant (B) of the method according to the invention is particularly effective when it is a matter of killing heat-resistant bacterial spores. With the resulting dirty laundry, especially with laundry from slaughterhouses, heat-resistant bacterial spores are sometimes embedded in the spaces or forums, which are much more difficult to kill than heat-resistant bacterial spores that are embedded in less soiled laundry. Variant (B) of the method is particularly focused on the treatment of such ψ. Laundry stopped while procedure (A) is sufficient to kill the heat resistant bacteria and their spores found in most other types of dirty laundry. .

In the washing processes used so far, the first / stage consisted in carefully moistening the laundry with water. If the laundry was bloody, the temperature of the water was about 49 ⁰ G and if the load was not bloody, water temperatures of about 71 C were used.

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against that it is inconvenient to start the wash cycle with a wetting of the load with water, like this. up to now this has happened »because this easily spreads the bacteria and their spores over the entire laundry. The first step in process (A) according to the invention is therefore mild washing. J) he feedstock is hot water of about 71 ⁰ C zueammen with soap in a concentration of about 0.02% of the irockengewichtea added, wherein a scavenger is present in the dry weight would be a concentration of between about 0.01 and 0.05% . Among the various known trapping agents are, for example, polyphosphates and Hatriuaeai. " of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (protected trade mark * Versenet) called. j

The use of an interceptor in the first stage of the washing process is crucial for the entire process and this measure differs from the previous method of operation. Alkali is not added in the initial wash cycle, since the presence of alkali leads to clotting of blood stains and, in addition, the soap or the detergent used is easily salted out by the presence of alkali, so that the wash bath loses its dirt-releasing power. The water level used in the first stage is referred to as the mean water level su, ie it is about 15 to 20 cm, and the time for the first stage is about 3 to 5 minutes with movement of the bath, for example the use of a washing machine with open pockets (open pocket washer *) of 107 x% y> approx or 107 x 244 cm is required. The type of washing machine used contains a partition arranged perpendicular to its axis, by means of which it is divided into two compartments. The washing machine has no horizontal or radial compartments and rotates at a constant speed of about 21 rpm. The strength of the bath movement depends on the water level. If the water level rises, the bath movement decreases and as the water level falls, the bath movement accelerates.

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ORIGINAL INSPECT »

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The method according to the invention according to working method (A) is particularly suitable for vials of endless towels. An endless towel, for example, should have a length of about 55 m and is tied into a bundle for washing. The bundles are made in such a way that the towel is laid in layers 90 cm in length to form a bundle which then has a length of about 90 cm and a height of about 15 cm . The bundle is then tied in two places and washed in this way. In the case of such bundled goods, such as endless towels, it is difficult to penetrate the

Vaschlauge in the forums of the cloth in the middle of the bundle

To achieve. ■■■■■ · ■■ ■ i ■ '■ ■ ■ ■ ..- ■■ ■ ■ ■ ■ during Vaschvorganges so that all present there bacteria and bacterial spores are killed. It is particularly important that the bacteria and spores are not redistributed over the varnish again as a result of the washing process, as was the case with previous washing processes in which the varnish was initially wetted. By the force of the water that acted on the vare when it was wetted during the bath movement, bacterial spores were also embedded in the forums of the vare to be washed in this earlier way of working. In contrast to this, when working according to the invention, dirt and bacteria are detached and suspended in the washing water, so that they are drawn off from the varnish and not embedded in it.

As already noted, the concentration of the soap is e.g. of sodium stearate, or the detergents including anionic and non-ionic detergents in which these Additives are present during the first stage of the process, about 0.02% of the dry weight of the goods to be washed Of course, the amount of soap used can vary depending on the salinity of the water can be varied. If the water is deionized, the soap content can be reduced accordingly will.

After completion of the first washing stage, the load is left

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_r run off and then swings one or more sharks by introducing hot water of about 71 ° C into the machine until the water level is high, which should be about 30 cm. • Before swiveling, the feeder is subjected to a slight bias movement for 3 minutes. As already mentioned, the speed of rotation of the washer is kept constant and the strength of the bath movement is determined by the water level is carried out, connect.

, After rinsing the laundry is subjected to about 10 to 15 min a neuer- ä loan wash cycle. The wash water is kept at about 80 to 90 ^° C., the water level being low, for example about 7> 5 cm. This low water level leads to strong mechanical bath movement. In this stage, a strong alkali, for example sodium hydroxide solution, is added in a concentration of about 0.2 to 0.5% of the dry weight of the goods and also soap or a detergent in one

, Concentration of about 0.1 to 0.3 % by dry weight. If necessary, a certain proportion, for example about 25%, of the soap or detergent can be replaced by a scavenger, as described above.

Using a Strong Alkaline as a General Measure * During the washing stage of the longest duration in the washing process, the method according to the invention differs from the previous ones known. Until now, very few laundries used caustic sodium hydroxide as an alkali, except when it was mixed with soda, Phosphate, etc. was buffered. However, it has been found that in 'the method according to the invention, the use of a strong -Alkalis, like caustic soda, is necessary in the first stage to ensure a working method that is hygienic clean laundry.

If the laundry to be washed is colored, add some color

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substance, e.g. 0.001 to 0.002 g per 4-5.4 kg dry weight iu, to restore the shade. Among the experts be * * * Known dyes that are suitable for this purpose may be mentioned as an example: When washing blue substances can eye the color known as Direct Copper Blue (Ciba) while Congo red is suitable for red goods. For example, Oiba BLSV can be used for yellow towels, and Ciba Birektgrtin CBH for green goods. The amount

; of dye should only be so large that the original

Color is achieved again.
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, After the washing stage, the feed is subjected to several fen 4e * rinsing. In general, is pivoted twice and rinsed, however, if more dirt is present, a rinsing three times be made during the rinsing, hot water is introduced of about 71 ⁰ C in the machine until it reaches a water level of about 30 cm, gently bathing the charge for 3 minutes and then draining the bath. If necessary, the swiveling or flushing can be repeated several times.

After stripping of dirt and bacteria, the feed is bleached with an oxygen-containing bleaching agent is either hydrogen peroxide or a substance which emits in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in water b ".Idet or nascent W is oxygen. The concentration of the Bleichmitνals is about 0.1 to 0.2% of the dry weight of the product. the term "oxygen-containing bleaching agent" includes liquid hydrogen peroxide, solid sodium peroxide or equivalent water-soluble, non-staining salts such as sodium perborate. a peroxide is in the form of an aqueous solution, for example of 35 ^> sodium _t hydrogen peroxide In a mixture with the peroxide, hot water of about 71 ^° C. is added to an average water level of about 15 to 20 cm. Soap, such as sodium stearate or another anionic or non-ionic detergent, is present in a concentration of about 0, 01 to

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0.02 % by dry weight. As mentioned above, the amount of soap can be reduced considerably if one has plasticized, preferably deionized water available .

Machdem has been introduced into the washing machine, the hot water and the other components, the feed is, if oils is not yet at this temperature, heated to at least about 80 ⁰ O min and held at this temperature with agitation about 6 to 10 degrees. _>

Although not general in the known washing processes Peroxides are applied, the use of this agent is not new per se. However, its use in conjunction with the other stages of the method according to the invention means that the products are both clean and hygienically sterile leads, a new feature. It has been shown that just the use of an oxygen-containing bleach in connection with the other steps of the process of the invention not only leads to an effective bleaching effect, but also kills all heat-resistant bacterial spores in the spaces or pores of the goods to be washed are embedded.

Subsequent to the bleaching treatment, batch i is subjected to a series of rinses. Although the number of rinsing cycles is not critical, it generally appears expedient to follow the bleaching treatment with three rinsing cycles. With each cycle, enough water is introduced into the washing machine that a high water level of sB about 30 cm is reached, whereupon the contents are subjected to a mild bath movement for about 3 minutes at this high water level and the water is then drawn off. During the Spülayklen the internal temperature is slowly lowered to about 4-3 ⁰ C. If, for example, the temperature of the loading

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kung after the bleaching treatment to 60 ⁰ C, so that the water for the first rinse a temperature of about 66 ⁰ C, the water for the second rinse a temperature of about 52 ⁰ G and the water for the third rinse a temperature of about 40 Have ^{0 C.} The individual temperatures are chosen arbitrarily, merely to demonstrate the temperature drop from one wash cycle to the next.

Subsequent to the rinse cycles, the machine contents are then subjected to an acidification treatment in which the pH value adjusted to about 5 »4, the pH of human skin. The acidification can also be carried out in such a way ■ ■■■ · ■ that you can get a higher pH value. e.g. gets about 6.0. A

* Typical acidulant is ammonium silicofluoride. the

The concentration of the acidifier can be between about 0.02 and 0.05% of the dry weight of the laundry and can be varied depending on the pH of the tap water available. In addition, a water-soluble germicide is added to the bath in a concentration sufficient to prevent the formation of mold stains in the washed goods. The concentration of the germicide can be varied depending on its effectiveness and is practically approximately in the range from 0.004 to 0.008% of the dry weight of the goods. Typical germicides include water-soluble organometallic compounds such as phenyl mercury acetate, which is the standard

h can be considered germicid.

During the acidification treatment, the goods are agitated in the bath for 5 minutes at an average water level (about 15 to 20 cm). After completion of the acidification, the water is then removed either in the centrifuge or in the lack of the goods and these can be ironed.

As already mentioned, with the aid of the process according to the invention (method A) one obtains a wash which is not only clean, i.e. is free of dirt, but also essentially free of bacteria

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xia and bacterial spores, as long as they are not yet with the air V came into contact. Although for washing as well as for the sterilization of laundry materials and items of laundry Many processes are known, there is still no usable process with which one receives a product that at the same time pure and essentially free of bacteria and bacterial spores without showing any damage from the treatment. The procedure is for all pollution levels listed above useful. To adapt to the degree of soiling, the detergent concentration and the number of rinse cycles be increased or decreased. · "·

. In summary, the individual stages of the invention | according to the procedure (method A):

1) Washing the textiles in hot water at a medium water level in the presence of soap or a detergent and a scavenger;

2) rinsing one or more times;

3) 10 to 15 minutes long washing the material at 80 to 90 ⁰ C and a low water level in the presence of a strong alkali and a soap or a detergent;

4) rinsing the fabric; "

5) bleaching of the textile in hot water at a medium water level with an oxygen-containing bleach, which is hydrogen peroxide or a substance that forms or nascent hydrogen peroxide in the presence of water Releases oxygen, the oxygen-containing

- bleach to 0.2% of the dry weight of the product is present in a concentration of about 0.1 · and the bleaching process is carried out for about 6 to 10 min at a temperature of at least 80 ⁰ C;

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6) rinsing the bleached goods;

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7) Acidification of the goods in the presence of a water-soluble germicide which is present in sufficient concentration to prevent the formation of mold stains in the washed goods ; , ^

8) withdrawing the water from the acidified. Vare. ·

The variant of the method according to the invention designated by method (B) is particularly suitable for killing heat-resistant spores, such as are present, for example, in dirty laundry from slaughterhouses; it is a slight modification of method (A). To explain the differences between the two methods, the individual stages of method (B) are listed as follows:

1) Washing the goods in hot water at a medium water level in the presence of soap or detergent and a scavenger;

2) one or more rinsing of the goods;

3) Treating the goods at a low water level and a water temperature of about 60 to 71 ⁰ C in the presence

an oxygen-containing bleaching agent, which he> Neither hydrogen peroxide or a substance which forms in the presence of water, hydrogen peroxide or nascent oxygen release, wherein the treatment is extended until the oxygen-containing bleaching agent, the product has passed through and the concentration of oxygen-containing _t bleaching agent is between about 0.1 and 0.2 % of the weight of the dry goods;

4) increasing the temperature of the filling of the washing machine from about 80 to about 90 ⁰ C in the presence of a strong alkali,

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▼ on soap and a detergent and maintaining the elevated temperature for 10 to 15 minutes;

5) washing the goods once or twice;

6) S & aern the goods in the presence of a water-soluble Germicides, the concentration of which is sufficient to prevent the formation of mold stains in the washed goods;

7) Drawing off the water from the acidified product.

If nan compares the individual steps of method (B) with those of method (A), it becomes apparent that the main difference lies in the way in which the oxygen-containing bleaching agent is used. In method (A), the Fare is first washed in step 3 in the presence of a strong alkali and then treated in step 5 with an oxygen-containing bleach at at least about 80 ° C. In method (B), the oxygen-containing bleaching agent is brought into contact with the goods in stage 3 ffl in such a way that the bleaching agent penetrates the goods as evenly as possible. Only then in Step 4, a strong alkali is added and the temperature tempering of the product of about 80 increased to about 90 ⁰ G. It has been shown that the efficiency of the oxygen-containing bleach by means of killing heat-resistant bacterial spores that are embedded in the spaces and pores of the goods is increased if you first ensure that the bleach penetrates the goods as evenly as possible and then the bleaching substance etv / a 90 ⁰ C activates a strong alkali and simultaneous increase in temperature from 80 to by addition.

The steps of method (B) are more complex in that you have to add two different washing aids to the contents of the washing machine, namely first in step 3 the oxygen-containing bleach and later in step 4 the strong alkali. In method (A) of the laundry does not have to be two different

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Add detergent and in this respect this method (A) ' a simpler work process for the commercial laundries. For this reason, method (A) is preferred if the laundry is not in the ' Ware 'embedded heat-resistant bacterial spores must be killed, as is done in method (B).

In practicing method (B), it was found that agitation of the bath at a low water level of about 7.6 to 12.7 cm for 3 to 5 minutes is generally sufficient to achieve substantially uniform penetration of the s _% . to effect oxygenated bleach in the goods. The speed of rotation of the scrubber is, as already mentioned; relatively constant and is around 21 rpm. If necessary, of course, the speed of rotation of the Washer can be varied, for example between about 18 and 26 rpm. The exact treatment conditions in stage 3 and of method (B) can be adapted to the type and size of the washing device and the amount of material introduced.

Steps 1, 2, 3 >> 6 and 7 correspond to the steps 1, 2, 6, 7 and 8 of the (A) method, as is apparent from the above list. In describing both methods , the term "dry weight of goods" was used, which refers to ψ the weight of the soiled goods as they are when they are delivered to the laundry. The dry weight thus includes the weight of the goods themselves, the weight of the dirt present in them and the weight of the moisture content of the goods, which ranges from a few percent to about 10% on very humid days and depends on the moisture content of the atmosphere. The terms "pivot" and ^ll wash ", as used in the! Explanations of two methods are interchangeable, that is. It is in any case to the displacement of any other constituents by pure water. The only difference could be seen in that the

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.2weck of the "pivoting" of which is to remove dirt _t while the main purpose of the "purge" is *

. to remove any additives from the goods, e.g. Remove alkali xu in order to lower the pH value of the machine's contents.

In stage 4 of the. Method (B) is added so much alkali that «On, if sodium perborate is present, a pE-Vert of about 11.7 Ms about 12.1, and in the case of the presence of one Peroxide maintains a pH of about 12.1 to about 13 « Accordingly, so much strong alkali is present in step 3 of method (A) that a pH of about 11.7 to 12.1, in the presence of a peroxide such a | ▼ on results in about 12.1 to 13. In this respect, corresponds to with method (B) Level 4 of Level 3 in method (A). Used with method (B) a dye added to freshen up the color, see above this is preferably done at level 3, before the strong alkali is added. However, the addition of color can also after or simultaneously with the addition of the strong alkali in stage 4.

An additional work step, which can optionally be switched on in either of the two methods (A) and (B), includes the switching on of a hypochlorite bleach. This may make stain removal easier. Since the oxygen-containing bleaching agent could neutralize the hypochlorite bleaching agent *, the goods must be swirled or rinsed sufficiently often after treatment with the oxygen-containing bleaching agent in order to dilute the oxygen-containing bleaching agent to such an extent that complications with the hypochlorite bleaching agent are avoided. In practice, it has been found that swiveling or rinsing three times is sufficient for this *

With reference to the above description of procedure (A), the introduction of the bleaching step with hypochlorite can be used as Stage 6a "which follows stage 6," in

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which the laundry is rinsed in order to reduce its content of oxygenated bleach according to see below. When hypochlorite bleaching is carried out, the hypochlorite is present in an amount sufficient to remove stains and its concentration can be, for example, between about 50 and 1,000 parts per million, depending on the pollution and the stains being removed should. During the hypochlorite bleaching, an average water level is maintained in the washer and the water temperature is about 63 ° C. The contents of the washer are kept in motion for about 5 to 7 minutes. . .

A water-soluble hypochlorite salt or a substance which dissociates in situ into a water-soluble hypochlorite can be used for the bleaching agent at this stage. Typical examples are sodium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, dichlorodimethylhydantoin and chlorinated metal salts, for example the sodium or potassium salt, of isocyanuric acid. If necessary, soap can also be present during the hypochlorite bleaching. After the bleaching (step 6a in method (A)), the laundry is rinsed several times before it is acidified in step 7 . The rinsing can be referred to as level 6b in the working method (A). A single rinse cycle lasts about 3 minutes, during which the temperature of the washer contents is slowly lowered to 4J ° C before the laundry is subjected to acidification (level 7) .

If the bleaching stage with hypochlorite is switched on in the embodiment designated by method (B), it was designated there as stage 5a, while the subsequent rinsing would represent stage 5b. These steps 5a and 5b> are carried out in method (B) in the same way as steps 6a and 6b in method (A).

When carrying out the method according to the invention according to methods (A) and (B), it is expedient to use so-called "laundry tester ¹¹ " to monitor the washing process.

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Preparation of such laundry testers is described in our own United States Patent 3,094 ^? 4 of June 18, 1963. According to this

Description A laundry tester suitable for monitoring washing processes consists of a large piece of poplin with jagged edges on which eight different "detectors" are placed.

are aufgsbracKt (the term "detector" are here smock referred to, one can with the help monitor the progress and the result "of the washing operation and which are described in more detail below). In the Wäschetestera according to the mentioned patent, the individual detectors no. 1, 2 and 3 are used ,, the intensity of the bleaching process using hypochlorite, which is there as usual added in the form of sodium hypochlorite to be determined. i Me detectors Nos. 4, 5 »^ ₁ 7 and 6, according to the patent used to measure the temperature and time the alkaline

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thickness and the degree of mechanical bath

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to monitor and control movement during the entire washing process

steer.

Since only an oxygen-containing bleach (hydrogen peroxide or a substance that forms hydrogen peroxide with water or releases nascent oxygen) is initially used in the method according to the present invention, the detectors 1, ^r d and 3 'known from the patent need not be used in the present method will. However, if, as is fundamentally possible, hypochlorite bleaching is switched on in one or the other of the implementation forms (A and B), it is advisable to use detectors 1, 2 and 3 known from patent specification in order to ensure the effectiveness of the hypochlorite bleaching to monitor.

Among the detectors mentioned, which are known per se, everyone has individual a different sensitivity to peroxide and suffers a color change with a certain peroxide content. The five detectors currently in use must

meet the following requirements:

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1) They must not be attacked during the washing process that precedes the bleaching stage;

2) they must undergo a color change that is permanent and one or two months after using the detector ' still exists;

3) they must change color when exposed to peroxide show, but at the same time be sufficiently shielded so that simultaneous exposure to heat, alkali, Soap or detergent and mechanical agitation during the washing process before the actual bleaching of the pigment Detector is not attacked or lost ^

4) they must not change color during the acidification stage suffer and

5) the color change must be pronounced so that it is can be determined without the use of special instruments.

In the present method for determining the respective Peroxide content used five detectors each consist of a paper that is impregnated with chromium chloride, where appropriate, a small amount of titanium oxide as Luster may be present. The chromium chloride and the titanium oxide can with the help of a conventional resin binder on the Surface of the paper. The binder can, for example, be in an easily evaporating solvent contain dissolved carrier resin. As a resin, e.g. ethyl cellulose, either alone or in a mixture with polyethylene or a modified alkyd resin or zein may be present. A wide variety of solvents such as methylene chloride, benzene, toluene, ethyl alcohol, Methyl alcohol, aromatic hydrocarbons or chlorinated hydrocarbons can be used.

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For example, a mixture of chromium chloride and titanium oxide with boiled, i.e. oxidized linseed oil, which is mixed with a

. Petroleum-based solvent is diluted . The paper can be dipped into the linseed oil mixture and then air- dried in the heat to evaporate the diluent. The chromium chloride has a purple color in its anhydrous form and absorbs six molecules of water when exposed to water vapor or moisture , but the purple color is retained.

The impregnated paper can be treated to take on a gray-green color corresponding to color pattern 27D-1 in "Maerz and Paul, Dictionary of Color" (McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1950). The book mentioned is authoritative for color tones. An indicator paper suitable for the detectors described above is best obtained by that the purple (color 41F-5, Maerz and Paul) Paper at room temperature and normal humidity lets age. As the paper ages, it turns gray-green (shade 27D-1, Maerz and Paul). It shifts the pH of the pigment is on the alkaline side. The purple one cut into strips by adding 25 g Paper with 100 ml of distilled water has a pH value in the range from 5 »0 to 6.0. After the staining has changed to a gray-green tone due to aging, if 25 g of paper strips are added to 100 ml of distillia? - temp water has a pH of 8.0 to 9 »0. The proportion of weight from chromium chloride to titanium dioxide in the pigment is approximately 9: 1.

As described above, the impregnated paper is left at room temperature for six months or more, whereby the - First purple in gray and finally in gray-green or greenish-gray transitions. In the detectors used to determine the peroxide strength in the present method this aged paper of greenish-gray color is incorporated.

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Nan can produce a number of peroxide detectors, among which the most sensitive detector (A) contains an aged 'impregnated paper in which the ratio of chromium chloride to titanium dioxide has the above value . Bas Pigment also contains sodium carbonate in an amount that is sufficient to raise the pH value, which is established when the paper is placed in water as above, to about 9 * 5. A single strand of 16-ply cotton thread is then applied to the paper, which is held on the back of the paper with the aid of a 125 M thick nylon film. The three-piece piece is then put into a packet

included, which consists of a single layer of "nylon autoclavable film" of 50 / U thickness, in such a way, that the cotton thread on one side penetrates the heat-sealed part of the packet and hangs out.

The "Nylon Autoclavable film" is a Rilsan nylon 11 film, • 4e * a vegetable derivative of 11-aminoundecanoic acid polymer (Nylon 11), made from castor oil and used in its pure form without the addition of plasticizers or Fillers. The film is available from Vail Medical Products, 923 CoIe Avenue, Los Angeles.

The next most sensitive detector (B) contains one as above described paper impregnated with chromium chloride and titanium dioxide, which in the normal way up to a greenish gray Staining has aged. The aged detector is packaged in a single layer of nylon autoclavable film (Thickness 50 mm) sealed. The film will be after sealing punctured with a needle 1/2 to 2 mm (preferably about 1 mm) thick, the needle from the back of the indica? tors her penetrates into the film and passes through the paper and on the other side after piercing the cover film exits again.

The next most sensitive detector (C) will be the same

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Indicator paper as used for the detector (B). Four strands of rayon cord are attached to the paper and must be close to each other. The indicator paper is enclosed therein in "Nylon Autoclavable film" of 50 Ai thickness as described above, with the rayon cord threads protruding through the sealed rope of the packet. These threads act as a wick that draws liquid into the packet.

The one closest to the detector (C) in terms of its sensitivity The incoming detector (D) corresponds to the detector (C), but contains only two strands of rayon cord, which seal the (Penetrate the file and protrude from the film packet.

The least sensitive detector (E) contains the same aged indicator paper and the detectors (B) to (D), however, is completely encased in a heat-sealed packet of 25 / U thick "Nylon Autoclavable Film" which is chemically is identical to the 50 / u thick film used above.

The peroxide affects the indicator in the detectors in such a way that the color of the paper turns gray-green in brownish (tan) colored (Maerz and Paul Plate 13J-7). If the paper turns to a pale reddish ocher tone (Maerz and Paul Plate 11 7), then it is this is a sign that the peroxide concentration far exceeds that which is necessary to kill the bacteria | kill spores so that there is a risk to the structure of the goods.

When using the five detectors (A) to (JC), a color change from gray-green to brownish-ocher can be seen in the detector (A) always determine when the laundry is treated according to the invention, even at the lowest peroxide concentration, which can be applied.

The detector (B) shows a brownish ocher discoloration

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i ^ ■ ■■ '■■. - 24 - ■ ,

^: "at the pierced points that the peroxide content is sufficient to kill the bacteria faster than this occurs if a color change is observed in the detector (A) · Is the peroxide content high enough to cause a color change BU to brownish-ocher in the detector (C) to cause, the entire colored area in the detector (B) takes on a brownish ocher color.

The color in the detector (C) has changed to brownish ocher A sure sign that the peroxide bleaching intensity is sufficient to not only remove bacteria and bacterial spores h kill, but also a low one for a certain period of time ^ Maintain number. The color change to brownish ocher takes place here gradually.

A color change in the detector (D) to brownish ocher indicates that the bacteria and bacterial spores present have been killed off quickly. However, the goods will be more severely damaged if a color change can be observed in the detector (D) than is the case if only the detectors (A), Address (B) and (C).

A color change in the detector (E) to brownish ocher indicates a very high peroxide content, which kills the bacteria extremely quickly. Such a high peroxide content, ie ψ a response of the detector (E) would only be

in s.B. A first washing process according to the invention is desirable if the dirty laundry contains a particularly large number of bacteria and bacterial spores are present. Admittedly, this high peroxide content resulted in a single washing process all bacteria would be killed, but the laundry would be damaged to such an extent that laundry could not be afforded might be using this high peroxide level day in and day out.

For a more detailed explanation of the color changes in the indicator paper please refer to the following list:

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Detectors according to color tones

Maerz and Paul

1) Detectors from aging

(purple) Plate 41F-5

• 2) Detectors after aging

(greenish gray) Plate 27D-1

3) color of the detector (B) _? when the killing of bacteria is incomplete (yellowish gray) Plate 28A-1

4) Color of the detector (C) when the killing of bacterial spores is complete (brownish gray) Plate 13J-3

5) Color of the detector (D) when the killing of bacteria is complete, however, too strong oxygen bleaching can damage the goods

(khaki) Plate 13J-?

6) Color of the detectors (D)
or (E) if the goods have been damaged

hat (reddish ocher) Plate 1 1-7

The washing method according to the invention leads without any damage. to clean laundry items that are essentially free of bacteria and bacterial spores. Is used with this If the detectors described above with their different sensitivity to peroxide are used, one has Means that can be used to determine the peroxide intensity within a wide range. That way lets Monitor the washing process effectively to make sure that the amount of peroxide used is affecting the bacteria and kills bacterial spores without damaging the goods at the same time.

The phrase "essentially free of bacteria or bacteria-

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spores "refers to numbers analogous to those used in some areas for pool water i.e. a M.P.N. coliform number no greater than 2.2 in 100 ml and, if applicable, a total number of not more than 200 colonies per ml. At the moment there is neither a uniform standard value for total numbers nor one Agreement on whether certain bacteria are allowed to be present at all. In any case, the application of the method according to the invention results in a product with very low numerical values, i.e. less than 6,000 per 0.1 g masked goods and leads to the complete exclusion of certain organisms which are generally considered to be pathogenic for humans. In Table I. results of the method according to the invention after both implementation forms (A and B) are listed, which provide a comparison with the results of a normal washing process.

TABETJ ₁ KI:

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009839/137 3

TABEL! i

Origin Microbial kill on endless white towels, typical for and condition of different washing methods ·)

Conventional method Method (A) Method (B) Total number *) Number of spores *) Total number *) Number of spores *) Total number *) Number of spores *)

Slaughterhouse dirt 97 000 000 4 400

ge 800 00 156 ? to wash

ver

^ Normal ^soils - - ^{8 75} ° ¹

^ ge 236

""* to wash

toSchlacht- ver ₈ 660 000 11

house dirty

ge
to wash 56,000 4030 250,000,000
70 118,000
29 pounds Slaughter
house dirty
ge
to wash - - 105,000
630 55,000 "^
530 δ ver
Normal dirty
ge
to wash - - -

·) All numbers for killed microbes relate to 6.45 cm (1 square inch) or 'About 0.1 g of continuous cloth

00 '.

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As can be seen from the table, continuous white toweling as described above was put on washed three different ways. The towels either came from a slaughterhouse or were "normal", which means that they had not been used and defiled in a slaughterhouse. In the column "Conventional procedure" lists numbers for the kill of bacteria and bacterial spores used in washing one in the slaughterhouse Towels were obtained using the conventional method for heavily soiled goods (see also Table VII in U.S. Patent 3,094-373).

The figures for the killing of bacteria and bacterial spores can be found in the table for implementation form (A) these are washing processes in which the additional hypochlorite bleaching was not used. The for the results given for implementation (B) of the process according to the invention were achieved with a process which was associated with bleaching with lithium hypochlorite. The total number of soiled and washed towels is made up of the total number of bacteria and the total number of bacterial spores. If you draw the latter number from the total number, the number of bacteria counted is obtained. All numbers listed in the table were obtained by masquerading 1 square inch (6.45 cm) Cloth, which corresponds to about 0.1 g by weight.

The "nylon autoclavable film" mentioned in the description of the detectors, according to kMne molecules such as water or peroxide, is essentially impervious to larger molecules such as soap, detergent or gloss. The thickness of the film corresponds to its permeability, ie the 50 Ai thick film is less permeable than the one with a thickness of 25 / U. In the case of laundry testers in which there is a means that conducts moisture into the interior of the packet, such as the wick or a small opening in the detectors A, B, C and D described above, the envelope must

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not be suitable for the transmission of moisture, as in this pail the wick or the opening absorbs the moisture transmitted.

The pigment is held on the indicator paper by the cover, so that it is not removed by the washing steps preceding the bleaching. Is the film thin enough e.g. only 25 / U thick as with detector D, so it serves next its protective effect at the same time to transfer liquid and peroxide to the indicator paper.

The detectors are used when washing items, such as endless towels, before placing them in the washing machine folded and tied, so it is convenient to place the detectors in different places within the To arrange bundles, for example in the outer third, in the middle third and in the inner third of the bundle. This makes it easier and more precise to observe the washing process.

When using an additional hypochlorite bleach, which is basically possible with both implementation forms (A) and (B), there is always the risk of damage to the laundry. To that extent the decision is based on whether these additional bleach should be used or not, always on _a compromise between the desire for a rest-less' removal of stains on the one hand and perhaps even tolerable damage to the goods on the other. To make this decision easier, a tensile strength test can be carried out, which indicates the effect of the hypochlorite bleach / expressed as the degree of damage to the goods. A fabric is used for this, which is available in rolls with a width of about 46 cm. Pieces 25 cm long are cut from the roll and numbered. For example, the first piece cut from the roll is given the number 1, the next number 2, and so on. The test pieces are then divided into groups of 4 each, so that, for example, the pieces

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1, 2, 3 and 4 in the first, pieces 5, 6, 7 and 8 in the next group comes, etc. In the first group, pieces 1 and 4 are comparison pieces, while pieces 2 and 3 getting washed. Then cut each individual piece, 1 to 4, into ten strips, the cutting direction being the Direction of the warp yarn runs parallel. The strips are each designated again with 1 to 10 and the test is carried out ten strips of the first piece 1 on a device for determining the tensile strength and takes the average value as tensile strength of piece 1. Likewise, one tests the ten individual strips of piece 4 and thus has the Average value for the tensile strength of piece 4. For pieces 2 and 3, this value is then also used as the initial value before washing.

Pieces 2 and 3 are now also cut into ten equal strips along the warp direction and the individual strips used to determine the damage during the washing process. Some of these strips go through the entire ash cycle, whereupon they are dried and subjected to a tensile strength test will. Other strips of the same piece are put into the immediately prior to performing the hypochlorite bleach Washing machine brought in. These strips are also tested for tensile strength and you can determine by how much the tensile strength of the test fabric was reduced by the hypochlorite bleach. Comparing that through this Bleach caused decrease in tensile strength with the decrease in tensile strength through the entire washing process is caused, you get an exact picture of how the hypochlorite bleaching affects the goods.

Such test strips can also be used to monitor the uniformity of the treatment. For this purpose, all individual strips of a test piece, for example piece 2 _{}, are introduced} into the washing machine and distributed within the load. The distribution can be similar to the one above for

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the detectors described are done on the outer, middle, and inner third of a bundle. If you let them Strips go through the entire washing process, so it can be determined by their nature whether the treatment is uniform was. For example, if some of the strips are only one little loss of tensile strength, but others greater, this indicates that the treatment is not uniform was.

For example, suppose that all ten strips of the

Piece 2 were introduced into the machine and dm as a whole Have gone through the washing process, you can get all ten strips from piece 3 within a pure towel bundle | or another item of laundry that is placed in the washer immediately before hypochlorite bleaching.

Comparing the tensile strength values of the strips of the piece

3 after the hypochlorite bleaching with one another, so can

determine if this bleaching step is done consistently became. At the same time you can see the severity of the damage

determine.

Identifies one of the pieces of cloth used for the tensile strength test If there is a bead or other imperfection, the entire piece is discarded. Is that what it is? for a comparison piece, i.e. a piece 1 or 4 among the first four pieces, the entire group of four I

Pieces discarded. If the imperfection is found in one of the intermediate items, i.e. pieces 2 or 3 of the first four pieces so only that particular piece needs to be discarded. The other piece, 2 or 3 “that doesn't have any imperfections is used in the wash cycle and its tensile strength is taken as the average of the two comparative pieces 1 and 4 accepted.

The fabric used for the experiments described above is made from bleached 38/2 cotton yarn extra long staple fibers (manufacturer Coats &. Clark, Inc.).

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1A-37 453 - 32 -

The thread is then sent to and delivered to Prodesco, Inc. a linen fabric with 54 warp threads per inch and 49 weft threads interwoven per inch. Strips one inch (4.45 cm) wide along the warp direction are marked with black on the fabric Separated threads so that the correspondingly wide strips can be easily cut. The material so produced proved proved to be very useful in determining damage on the laundry, as it has a very uniform tensile strength having.

By applying the tensile strength test described above with the test substance mentioned, it is easy to determine whether an additional stain removal by using the hypochlorite bleach is justified or whether the damage is caused are small enough to be accepted. If the damage is too severe, the decision will be made turn out to be such that the additional hypochlorite bleach is not applied, while, if the damage is minimal, the bleach will be applied to facilitate and improve the removal of stains.

PATENT CLAIMS

009839/1373

Claims (1)

Patent claims (literal translation of the English claims) hj Process for washing textile goods, characterized in that one (1) the goods in hot water at a medium water level in the presence of soap or a Washes detergent and a scavenger; (2) rinses the goods one or more times; (3) the product is washed at low water about 10 to 15 min at about 80 to 9O ⁰ C in the presence of a strong alkali and soap or a detergent; (4) washes the goods; (5) bleaches the goods at medium water level in hot water with an oxygen-containing bleach, which is either hydrogen peroxide or a substance that forms hydrogen peroxide in situ or releases nascent oxygen, the bleach in a concentration of about 0.1 to 0.2 of the dry weight of the goods is present and the bleaching is carried out for about 6 to 10 minutes at a temperature of at least about 80 ^° C .; (6) washes the goods; (7) the goods are acidified, in the presence of a water-soluble germicide in a concentration which is sufficient to prevent the formation of mold stains in the washed goods, works and (8) removes the water from the acidified goods. 009839/1373 -34- 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized draws that the scavenger is used in step (1) in a concentration of about 0.01 to about 0.05 io of the dry weight of the V / are. 3 · Method according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e η η - ζ e i c h ne t that stage (3) of the washing process is carried out in the presence of sodium hydroxide solution. 4. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that g e ke η η - draws that step (3) of the washing process is carried out in the presence of sodium hydroxide solution. 5 · The method according to claim 3, characterized draws that in step (3) the strong alkali in a concentration of about 0.2 to 0.5 9 ^ of the dry weight of the goods used. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that there is sodium hydroxide as the strong alkali used. 7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that in step (3) the strong alkali in a concentration of etv / a 0.2 to about 0.5 5 ^ des
Dry weight of the goods used. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that there is sodium hydroxide as the strong alkali used. 9 · The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition to the washing stages a bleaching stage (6a) with hypochlorite switches on, in which - 35 -009839/1373 rather, the goods are kept in motion at an average water level and a water temperature of about 63 ⁰ C for about 5 to 7 minutes in the presence of a hypochlorite bleach, the amount of which is sufficient to effectively remove the stains from the goods, whereupon they a further stage (6b) is rinsed before it is fed to the acidification stage (7). 10 «The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the oxygen-containing bleach a peroxide is used. 11. A method according to claim 1, characterized characterized marked ι that is used as the oxygen-containing bleaching agents, sodium perborate. 12. Variant of the method according to claim 1, characterized in that one (1) containing the product in water of about 71 ⁰ C, the soap and a scavenger, washed, the latter being in a concentration of about 0.01 to about $ 0.05 of the dry weight of the product is present and the washing at a mean water level with slight bath movement 3 to Carried out for 5 minutes; (2) the goods by introducing one or more times * νο, η water washes of 71 ⁰ C at a high water level with gentle agitation, with each flushing operation is carried out for about 3 minutes; (3) the product is washed min in water of about 80 to 9O ⁰ C in high water about 10 to 15, wherein the washing water is a strong alkali in a concentration of about 0.2 to about 0.5 $ of the dry weight of the goods and soap or contains a detergent; - 36 009839/1373 (4) turning the product once or several times by passing water of about 8O ⁰ C flushes to give ensures a high water level, and holds the contents of the scrubber · for each individual flushing operation for about 3 minutes in gentle motion; (5) the goods are treated with an oxygen-containing bleaching agent in the form of hydrogen peroxide or a substance that forms hydrogen peroxide in situ in a mixture with hot water or releases nascent oxygen, the oxygen-containing bleaching agent in a concentration of about 0.1 to about 0, 2 $> the dry weight of the goods is present and the bleaching is carried out at a medium water level and a temperature of at least 80 ° for about 6 to 10 minutes with gentle bath agitation; (6) the goods once or several times by introducing water at a high water level and gently moving the bath rinses, the individual rinsing process taking about 3 minutes; (7) acidify the goods with water at about 43 ° at medium water level, the acidifier in a concentration of about 0.005 to about 0.02 # of the dry weight of the goods is present and that Bath contains a water-soluble germicide whose concentration is sufficient to prevent the formation of To prevent mold stains on the washed goods and (8) drains the water from the goods. 13 · The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the temperature of the bath during carrying out step (6) below the temperature at which step (5) was carried out, by using water for rinsing, the temperature of which is between the Water temperature in level (5) and that in level (7) is. 009839/1373 -37- 14 · The method according to claim 5> characterized in that the oxygen-containing bleach a peroxide is used. 15. .A method according to claim 12, characterized in that the oxygen-containing bleaching agent Sodium perborate is used. 16. Test agent for checking the washing process, characterized by a with chromium chloride Impregnated paper that has been aged to a green liah gray color and a packet wrapping this paper and means for introducing a controlled amount of moisture into the interior of the packet. 17 tester according to claim 16, characterized in that the paper also has a gloss agent, such as titanium dioxide, is impregnated. 18. Tester according to claim 16, characterized in that the means for introducing moisture consist of wicks protruding through the wall of the package. 19 · Tester according to claim 16, characterized in that the means for introducing moisture consist in a hole through the wall of the package with a diameter of about 0.5 to 2 mm. 2.0. Tester according to claim 16, characterized in that the packet consists of a single Layer of a film is formed, which is permeable to water and peroxide, but to large molecules, such as soap, detergent or rinse aid, is impermeable and as a means of introducing moisture in the packet. . . * - 38 009839/1373 21. Tester according to claim 17, characterized in that the weight ratio of chromium salt to titanium dioxide is about 9: 1. 22. A method for washing textile goods, characterized in that: (1) the goods in hot water at medium water level in the presence of soap or a detergent and a scavenger washes; (2) rinses the goods one or more times; (3) Treated the goods at a low water level and a water temperature of about 60 to 71 ⁰ C with an oxygen-containing bleach, which is either hydrogen peroxide or a substance that forms hydrogen peroxide in situ or releases nascent oxygen, the treatment time as it is chosen that it ensures an essentially uniform penetration of the washing machine contents with the oxygen-containing bleach, the concentration of which is between about 0.1 and about 0.2% of the dry weight of the goods; (4) the temperature of the contents of the washing machine in the presence of a strong alkali and soap or a detergent increased from about 80 to about 90 ° and the increased temperature 10 to etv / a Maintained for 15 min; (5) rinses the v / are one or more times; (6) the goods in the presence of a water-soluble germicide in a concentration sufficient to to prevent the formation of mold stains in the washed goods, acidifies and (7) the water from the acidified contents of the wash machine pulls off. - 39 009839/1373 23 · Method according to claim 22, characterized in that the scavenging agent is present in stage (1) of the method in a concentration of about 0.01 to about 0.05 $> the dry weight of the goods. 24 · Process according to claim 22, characterized in that step (4) of the process in Presence of sodium hydroxide. 25 · The method according to claim 23, characterized in that the strong Alkali in a concentration of about 0.2 to about 0.5 # the dry weight of the goods is present. 26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that g e k e η η, that as a strong alkali sodium hydroxide is used. 27.. Method according to Claim 23, characterized in that the strong Alkali is present at a concentration of from about 0.2 to about 0.5 $ by dry weight of the goods. 28. The method according to claim 27, characterized in that the strong alkali is sodium hydroxide solution. 29 · The method according to claim 22, characterized in that a bleaching stage (5a) with hypochlorite is additionally used, in which the goods are at an average water level and about 63 ^° C for about 5 to 7 minutes in the presence of a hypochlorite bleach, the amount of which sufficient to remove stains from the goods, is kept in motion, whereupon it is rinsed in a further stage (5b) before it is fed to the acidification stage (6). - 40 009839/1: 3 73 30 · The method according to claim 22, characterized in that the oxygen-containing bleaching agent a peroxide is used. 31 · The method according to claim 22, characterized in that the eaueretoffhaltlges bleaching agent ftatrlumperborat is used. 32 · Method of washing textile goods, daduroh characterized that one: (!) Wash the goods in hot water containing soap and a scavenger at 61 ° C, whereby the Scavenging agents at a concentration of from about 0.01 to about 0.05 # of the dry weight Goods are present, and washing 3 to 5 min with gentle bath agitation at a medium ! Water level is carried out) (2) the goods one or more times by introducing Water flushes of 71 ⁰ C in high water and light agitation, the SpUldauer is 3 min each; (3) the goods at low water level and a water temperature of about 60 to 71 ° with an oxygen-containing bleaching agent that either forms hydrogen peroxide or a substance that forms hydrogen peroxide or releases nascent oxygen in situ, treating the machine content for about 3 to 5 minutes moved in order to obtain a substantially uniform penetration of the goods with the oxygen-containing bleach, the concentration of which is about 0.1 to about 0.2 $> the dry weight the goods is; - 41 -0f> 9839/1373 (4) the temperature of the goods in the presence of a strong alkali in a concentration of about 0.2 "to about 0.5 $> of the dry weight of the goods and of soap or a detergent is increased to about 80 to 90 ° C and the increased temperature maintained for about 10 to 15 minutes; (5) the goods one or more times by introducing water when the water level is high and moving slightly rinses, each rinse being carried out for 3 minutes; (6) the product is acidified by the introduction of water at about 43 ⁰ C at a mean water level, wherein the acidulant to about 0.02 $> of the dry weight is present in a concentration of about 0.005 and the water contains a water-soluble germicide in a concentration which is sufficient to prevent the formation of mold stains in the washed goods; and (7) drains the water from the goods. 33 · Process according to Claim 32, characterized in that the oxygen-containing bleaching agent a peroxide is used. 34 · Method according to claim 32, characterized in that g e k e η η - ' draws that sodium perborate is used as an oxygen-containing bleach. 01) 9839/1373