DE19947915A1 - Cooling system for wind power system components, feeds air flow at least partly produced by chimney effect through system in tower foot region through tower, machine room to air outlet - Google Patents
Cooling system for wind power system components, feeds air flow at least partly produced by chimney effect through system in tower foot region through tower, machine room to air outletInfo
- Publication number
- DE19947915A1 DE19947915A1 DE19947915A DE19947915A DE19947915A1 DE 19947915 A1 DE19947915 A1 DE 19947915A1 DE 19947915 A DE19947915 A DE 19947915A DE 19947915 A DE19947915 A DE 19947915A DE 19947915 A1 DE19947915 A1 DE 19947915A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- tower
- cooling system
- cooling
- air
- air flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/60—Cooling or heating of wind motors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Kühlsystem zur Kühlung verlustbehafteter Bau gruppen in einer Windkraftanlage. Das Kühlsystem arbeitet als Luftkühlung und ist insbesondere geeignet zur Kühlung von Stromrichtergeräten.The invention relates to a cooling system for cooling lossy construction groups in a wind turbine. The cooling system works as air cooling and is especially suitable for cooling converter devices.
Die Luftkühlung ist neben der Flüssigkeitskühlung eine allgemein bekannte und häu fig verwendete Kühlungsart für verlustbehaftete Baugruppen einer Leistungselektro nik. Bei der Luftkühlung wird in Anwendungsfällen, in denen die Größe und Masse des verwendeten Kühlkörpers nicht von entscheidender Bedeutung sind, die natürli che Konvektion bevorzugt, weil dadurch ein Ventilator vermieden werden kann. Ein Ventilator oder Kühlgebläse wirkt zwar durch eine Beschleunigung der Luftbewegung auf 3-5 m/s positiv im Sinne der Kühlleistung (der Wärmeübergangskoeffizient kann von nur ca. 9 W/m2K bei natürlicher Konvektion (incl. Wärmestrahlung) auf ca. 25-35 W/m2K verdrei- bis vierfacht werden), aber negativ im Sinne der Zuverlässigkeit, Komplexität und Kosten. Ein Kühlgebläse ist eine wichtige Komponente hinsichtlich der Verfügbarkeit eines Stromrichters: wenn es ausfällt, muß der Stromrichter abge schaltet werden, weil er sich sonst wegen Überhitzung selbst zerstört.In addition to liquid cooling, air cooling is a generally known and frequently used type of cooling for lossy assemblies in power electronics. In air cooling, in applications in which the size and mass of the heat sink used are not of critical importance, natural convection is preferred because a fan can thereby be avoided. A fan or cooling fan has a positive effect in terms of cooling capacity by accelerating the air movement to 3-5 m / s (the heat transfer coefficient can only be approx. 9 W / m 2 K with natural convection (incl. Heat radiation) to approx. 25- 35 W / m 2 K three to four times), but negative in terms of reliability, complexity and costs. A cooling fan is an important component with regard to the availability of a converter: if it fails, the converter must be switched off, otherwise it will self-destruct due to overheating.
In heutigen Windkraftanlagen, die noch meistens mit Festfrequenz (50 Hz) arbeiten, sind alle elektrischen Geräte wie Generator, Transformator sowie Schutz- und Re geleinrichtungen auf dem Anlagen-Turm in der Nähe der Windturbine angeordnet. Die Übersetzung der Rotorfrequenz in die 50 Hz Generatorfrequenz wird durch ein mechanisches Getriebe erreicht. Die vom Generator gelieferte Wechselspannung wird durch einen (je nach Leistung sehr schweren) Transformator auf die Netzspan nung gebracht und ins Netz eingespeist.In today's wind turbines, which mostly still work at a fixed frequency (50 Hz), are all electrical devices such as generator, transformer as well as protection and re Gel devices arranged on the turbine tower near the wind turbine. The translation of the rotor frequency into the 50 Hz generator frequency is indicated by a mechanical gearbox reached. The alternating voltage supplied by the generator is transferred to the mains voltage by a (depending on the power very heavy) transformer brought and fed into the grid.
Zur Kühlung reicht meist die Luftbewegung auf dieser Höhe über dem Erdboden, die ja auch den Rotor antreibt: falls die Luftbewegung nicht ausreicht oder nutzbar ist, werden Lüfter eingesetzt, um die Verlustwärme dieser Anlagen abzuführen.The air movement at this height above ground is usually sufficient for cooling yes also drives the rotor: if the air movement is insufficient or usable, fans are used to dissipate the heat loss from these systems.
Die Entwicklung moderner Konzepte für Windkraftanlagen geht in Richtung höherer Leistungen, höherer Wirkungsgrade und vor allem geringerer Kosten. Man wird Stromrichteranlagen einsetzen und die gesamte Stromrichter- und Transformatoran lage aus dem Turmkopf an oder in den Turmfuß verlegen, um Gewicht im Turmkopf zu sparen, was dann entweder durch eine größere Windturbine (höhere Leistung bei gleicher Turmbauweise) oder aber durch eine leichtere Bauweise des Turmes und seines Fundaments (bei gleicher Leistung) ausgenutzt werden kann.The development of modern concepts for wind turbines is moving towards higher ones Performance, higher efficiency and, above all, lower costs. You will Use converter systems and the entire converter and transformer lay from the tower head on or in the tower base to weight in the tower head to save what is then either a larger wind turbine (higher power at same tower construction) or by a lighter construction of the tower and its foundation (with the same performance) can be used.
Zusätzlich werden durch Einsatz von PM-erregten Synchrongeneratoren variable Drehzahlen und damit höheren Stromrichter-Taktfrequenzen möglich, um das teuere, schwere und geräuschproduzierende Getriebe einsparen zu können, den Wirkungs grad, der je nach Windgeschwindigkeit verschieden von der Drehzahl abhängt, stän dig in das Optimum regeln zu können, und die magnetischen Komponenten wie Transformatoren oder Spulen kleiner aufbauen zu können.In addition, by using PM-excited synchronous generators, variable Speeds and thus higher converter clock frequencies possible to the expensive, being able to save heavy and noise-producing gears, the effect degree, which depends on the speed depending on the wind speed dig to be able to regulate to the optimum, and the magnetic components like To be able to build transformers or coils smaller.
Zur Realisierung dieser neuartigen Konzepte für Windkraftanlagen werden moderne Stromrichtertechnologien basierend auf IGBT-Modulen oder abschaltbaren Thyristo ren (IGCTs) verwendet werden, die immer eine Kühlung benötigen. Bekannte Kühl konzepte haben für die vorgesehene Anwendung die Nachteile, daß die natürliche Konvektion zu große Kühlkörper erfordert, forcierte Kühlung durch elektrische Geblä se zu unzuverlässig und teuer ist, und eine Flüssigkühlung zu komplex und zu teuer ist.To implement these new concepts for wind turbines, modern ones are being used Converter technologies based on IGBT modules or Thyristo that can be switched off ren (IGCTs) are used, which always require cooling. Known cooling Concepts have the disadvantages for the intended application that the natural Convection requires large heat sinks, forced cooling by electric fans it is too unreliable and expensive, and liquid cooling is too complex and too expensive is.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, für eine Windkraftanlage, bei der verlustbehaftete Baugruppen im Bereich des Turmfußes angeordnet sind, ein geeig netes Kühlsystem anzugeben. The invention is therefore based on the object for a wind turbine in which lossy modules are arranged in the area of the tower base, a geeig to specify the cooling system.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Kühlsystem mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in weiteren Ansprüchen ange geben.This object is achieved by a cooling system with those specified in claim 1 Features resolved. Advantageous refinements are set out in further claims give.
Bei dem Kühlsystem wird die Möglichkeit genutzt, durch eine Luftführung durch den Turm eine Kaminwirkung und damit einen für Kühlzwecke nutzbaren Luftstrom zu erzeugen.The cooling system takes advantage of the possibility of air flow through the Tower creates a chimney effect and thus an air flow that can be used for cooling purposes produce.
Es wird damit ein Kühlsystem erreicht, das
A cooling system is thus achieved that
- - ausfallsichere Funktion gewährleistet, wann immer die Windturbine rotiert;- failsafe function guaranteed whenever the wind turbine rotates;
- - weitgehend wartungsfrei ist;- is largely maintenance-free;
- - geringstmöglichen Alterungsprozessen (Korrosion, Verschleiß) unterworfen ist;- is subject to the lowest possible aging processes (corrosion, wear);
- - hinreichend Kühlleistung zur Verfügung stellt, um die Kühleroberflächentempera tur unter einem vorgegebenen Maximalwert zu halten, und- Provides sufficient cooling capacity to keep the cooler surface temperature keep below a predetermined maximum value, and
- - im Turmfuß oder in einem separaten Gebäude nur wenig Raum einnimmt.- takes up little space in the base of the tower or in a separate building.
Eine forcierte Kühlung mittels Gebläse ist möglich.Forced cooling using a fan is possible.
Eine weitere Beschreibung der Erfindung erfolgt nachstehend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels.A further description of the invention is given below with the aid of a Drawing shown embodiment.
In Fig. 1 ist eine Windkraftanlage 1 mit einer mittels eines einfachen oder mehrstufi gen Sauggebläses 4 forcierten Luftkühlung dargestellt. Bei hinreichend geringen Kühlleistungsanforderungen ist jedoch auch eine Anordnung ohne Gebläse, also mit alleiniger Nutzung eines durch Kaminwirkung erzeugten Luftstromes 12 möglich.In Fig. 1, a wind turbine 1 is shown with a forced by means of a simple or Mehrstufi gene suction fan 4 air cooling. If the cooling power requirements are sufficiently low, however, an arrangement without a fan, that is to say with the sole use of an air flow 12 generated by the chimney effect, is also possible.
Bei der Windkraftanlage 1 ist auf einem Turm 13 ein Maschinenraum 11 angeordnet. Der Maschinenraum 11 enthält eine Windturbine mit Generator 2, an deren Achse mittels einer mechanischen oder hydraulischen Kupplung mit Getriebe 3 das Saug gebläse 4 gekoppelt ist.In the wind turbine 1 , a machine room 11 is arranged on a tower 13 . The machine room 11 contains a wind turbine with generator 2 , on the axis of which the suction fan 4 is coupled by means of a mechanical or hydraulic coupling with gear 3 .
Am Turm 13 oder in dessen Fußbereich ist in einem Anlagenraum 10 eine Anlage 14 mit verlustbehafteten Baugruppen 7 angeordnet. Die Anlage 14 mit den Baugruppen 7 kann beispielsweise eine Stromrichteranlage sein. A system 14 with lossy assemblies 7 is arranged on the tower 13 or in the foot region thereof in a system room 10 . The system 14 with the modules 7 can be, for example, a converter system.
Zur Führung des Luftstromes 12 sind im Fußbereich des Turms 13 Filter 6 zur Luft ansaugung und oberhalb der Baugruppen 7 ein Sammelkanal 15 angeordnet. Im Turm 13 ist der Luftstrom 12 durch einen Luftkanal 8 zum Gebläse 4 geführt. An ei nem Luftaustritt 9 tritt der Luftstrom aus. Mit 5 sind elektrische Leitungen zur Verbin dung des Generators 2 mit der Stromrichteranlage 14 bezeichnet.To guide the air flow 12 13 filters 6 for air intake in the foot region of the tower and above the assemblies 7, a collecting duct 15 is arranged. In the tower 13 , the air flow 12 is guided through an air duct 8 to the blower 4 . The air flow exits at an air outlet 9 . With 5 electrical lines for connec tion of the generator 2 with the converter system 14 are designated.
Wesentliche Vorteile der vorgeschlagenen Gesamtanordnung bestehen darin, daß die Kaminwirkung sowohl bei Ausführungen mit, als auch ohne Gebläse nutzbar ist und im Fußbereich des Turms kein zusätzlicher Raum für Einrichtungen zur Forcie rung der Luftbewegung benötigt wird.The main advantages of the proposed overall arrangement are that the chimney effect can be used both with and without a fan and in the foot area of the tower no additional space for forcie facilities air movement is required.
Bei Anordnung eines Sauggebläses wird kein elektrischer Gebläseantrieb benötigt, da eine mechanische Ankopplung an die Turbinenachse vorgesehen ist.If a suction blower is arranged, no electric blower drive is required, since a mechanical coupling to the turbine axis is provided.
Der durch das Sauggebläse erzeugte Luftstrom wird so durch den Anlagenraum, z. B. ein Stromrichterkabinett geführt, daß entwederThe air flow generated by the suction fan is so through the plant room, for. B. a power converter cabinet managed that either
a) die Kühlkörper der Stromrichterkomponenten direkt durch die forcierte Luft bewegung gekühlt werden, odera) the heat sink of the converter components directly through the forced air motion can be cooled, or
b) der Rückkühler eines Flüssigkeitskühlsystems von der Luft durchströmt wird.b) the recooler of a liquid cooling system is flowed through by the air.
Fall b) wird in der Regel häufiger vorkommen, weil dabei die Verlustleistung durch die Flüssigkühlung von den Halbleitern auf eine große Kühlfläche ein Luftstrom ver teilt wird.Case b) will usually occur more often because of the power loss the liquid cooling from the semiconductors to a large cooling surface ver an air flow is shared.
Die Kühlleistung ist in diesem Fall über die Rotationsfrequenz der Turbinenachse direkt gekoppelt an die anfallende elektrische Leistung der Turbine und damit auch an die anfallende Verlustleistung in der Leistungselektronik. Wenn die Turbine ruht, fällt auch keine Verlustwärme an: das Gebläse steht. Wenn die Turbine maximale Leistung bei maximaler Frequenz erbringt, läuft auch das Kühlgebläse mit maximaler Leistung. Diese wird zwar der Nutzleistung der Windturbine entzogen, jedoch mit hö herem Wirkungsgrad als im Fall eines elektrischen Gebläses. In this case, the cooling capacity is above the rotational frequency of the turbine axis directly coupled to the electrical power of the turbine and thus also of the power loss in power electronics. When the turbine is at rest there is also no heat loss: the fan stops. If the turbine is maximum The cooling fan runs at maximum frequency Power. This is deprived of the useful power of the wind turbine, but with a higher efficiency than in the case of an electric blower.
Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil sind die geringen Kosten der Anlage: ein elektri sches Gebläse für forcierte Luftkühlung bedarf außer der Anschaffung des motori schen Antriebs auch einer elektrischen Speisung (Motorschutzschalter oder Strom richter), ggf. einer elektronischen Regeleinrichtung und jedenfalls einer Schutzein richtung, die die Funktion des Gebläses überwacht und die Stromrichter durch Ab schalten gegen Überhitzung schützt. Ein einfaches, mechanisch angetriebenes Ge bläse erfordert dagegen lediglich eine mechanische oder hydraulische Kupplung (mit oder ohne Drehzahlübersetzung), die eine zu vernachlässigende Ausfallwahrschein lichkeit hat. Eine periodische Wartung dieser Komponente ist dennoch notwendig.Another significant advantage is the low cost of the system: an electri This blower for forced air cooling requires the purchase of the motor electrical drive (motor protection switch or electricity judge), possibly an electronic control device and in any case a protective device Direction that monitors the function of the fan and the converter by Ab protect against overheating. A simple, mechanically driven Ge blower, on the other hand, only requires a mechanical or hydraulic clutch (with or without speed ratio), which is a negligible failure probability has. Periodic maintenance of this component is still necessary.
Claims (7)
- - auf einem Turm (13) der Windkraftanlage (1) in einem Maschinenraum (11) eine Windturbine mit Generator (2) angeordnet ist,
- - in einem Anlagenraum (10) am oder im Fußbereich des Turms (13) die Anla ge (14) mit den verlustbehafteten Baugruppen (7) angeordnet ist, und
- - Mittel (6, 8, 15) zur Führung eines zumindest teilweise durch Kaminwirkung erzeugten Luftstromes (12) durch die Anlage (14) aus dem Fußbereich des Turms (13), durch den Turm (13) und den Maschinenraum (11) zu einem Luftaustritt (9) vorhanden sind.
- - A wind turbine with generator ( 2 ) is arranged on a tower ( 13 ) of the wind power plant ( 1 ) in a machine room ( 11 ),
- - In a plant room ( 10 ) on or in the foot region of the tower ( 13 ) the Anla ge ( 14 ) with the lossy modules ( 7 ) is arranged, and
- - Means ( 6 , 8 , 15 ) for guiding an air flow ( 12 ) generated at least partially by the chimney effect through the system ( 14 ) from the foot region of the tower ( 13 ), through the tower ( 13 ) and the machine room ( 11 ) into one Air outlet ( 9 ) are available.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19947915A DE19947915A1 (en) | 1999-10-06 | 1999-10-06 | Cooling system for wind power system components, feeds air flow at least partly produced by chimney effect through system in tower foot region through tower, machine room to air outlet |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19947915A DE19947915A1 (en) | 1999-10-06 | 1999-10-06 | Cooling system for wind power system components, feeds air flow at least partly produced by chimney effect through system in tower foot region through tower, machine room to air outlet |
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