DE19945474A1 - Motor vehicle esp. with at least 1 drive unit esp. IC engine for producing input variable esp. input torque and at least one driven shaft on which driven variable is transmittable - Google Patents

Abstract

Facilities including electronic controls are arranged in an overall design to produce a higher efficiency hitherto not possible. The motor vehicle has the possibility of using an IC engine drive, with assistance of an electric machine as a motor and/or the feedback of power with the electric machine operated as a generator also the feedback of brake energy using electric machine driven as a generator. The ratio of the input variable to the output variable is influenceable by control and esp. is adjustable.

Description

The invention relates to a motor vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle with at least one drive device, and a method for operating a motor vehicle.

Motor vehicles and motor vehicles with a drive device are already known.

In these known motor vehicles, an internal combustion engine is used Drive torque generated. This drive torque is over the Transmission input shaft introduced into a transmission. The transmission points different switching stages with different ratios, the each switched ratio the torque of the transmission output shaft certainly. In particular via the transmission output shaft, the differential as well as the vehicle axle (s) is the torque on the vehicle wheels or tires that transfer the vehicle into contact with the road Set and keep moving. Such known motor vehicles have proven for many years.  

Nevertheless, such known motor vehicles also have properties that require a desire for improvement.

For example, in such known arrangements occurs during switching operations on the gearbox an interruption of the traction, in particular on it is to be attributed to the fact that the drive train is opened when switching. This Traction interruption causes a "pitching effect" for the driver. With phases of Interruption of tractive power is also a reduced performance utilization connected. So turns in the phases of traction interruption Engine speed or output shaft "empty".

The invention is therefore based on the object of a motor vehicle and a To create a method for operating a motor vehicle, the improved efficiency, more comfortable driving conditions for the driver and increased flexibility of the drive device Manufacturing effort, a structurally simplified manufacturing as well as cheaper operation and improved operating behavior enables.

The object is achieved by claim 1 or claim 2 or Claim 4 or Claim 6 or Claim 7 or Claim 9 or claim 12 or claim 13 or claim 16 or Claim 99 or Claim 100 or Claim 102 or Claim 103 or Claim 104 or Claim 105 or Claim 106 or Claim 107.  

A method according to the invention is the subject of claim 108 or of claim 109.

Developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to the invention, it is therefore proposed to use a motor vehicle with a Drive device, a drive shaft and one To provide superposition drive device. The Drive device, which is designed, for example, as an internal combustion engine, in particular an input variable, such as a Input torque. This input torque is on an output shaft transferable, so that, for example, an output speed occurs here. The Superposition drive device enables the ratio of Input variable, in particular the input torque or the Input speed, the output size, in particular the output speed or to the output torque to vary.

For example, while the drive device is an internal combustion engine, the superimposition drive device is, for example, an electric machine. This electric machine can particularly preferably also be in the generator mode Operation be operated so that energy from the drive train is recoverable.

The invention enables the flexibility of a motor vehicle Increase drive device. Furthermore, the invention enables phases of  Shorten or eliminate traction interruption. That's the way it is for example, possible during a switching operation or during a by disengaging or by disconnecting the first transmission device, via which the gear stages can be switched, the superposition drive device, for example to switch on an electric machine so that during the phase the traction interruption the drive is taken over by the electric machine becomes.

The ratio of the input variable to the output variable is preferably controlled influenceable.

The object is further achieved by a motor vehicle according to the features of claim 4.

It is therefore proposed according to the invention to use a motor vehicle with a Drive device, in particular an internal combustion engine, one To design the output shaft and a superposition drive device, where in particular at least one of the marginal sizes, in particular the Input variable (e.g. engine torque or engine speed) or the Output variable (e.g. output speed or output torque), can be influenced. This influence can preferably be achieved in a controlled manner. Under An influencing should be understood according to the invention in particular that the Input or output size at least temporarily due to the activity of Superimposition drive device assumes a value that differs from the value differs, which would occur if the first were to operate unchanged  Drive device the second drive device or Superposition drive device would not be available.

The object is further achieved by a motor vehicle according to claim 6.

According to the invention, there is therefore provided a motor vehicle with at least two Drive devices, of which in particular a first one Internal combustion engine is to train, a second of these Drive devices with a substantially rotatably arranged Element, such as a ring gear or a web or a Planet gear or a sun gear, is coupled.

Thus, according to the invention it is possible, for example, for a Internal combustion engine, in particular via a transmission device, a Speed can be applied to a sun gear of the planetary gear, with about one coupled to the ring gear of the planetary gear device Electric machine an additional moment or an additional speed is superimposed so that the output speed by the activity of Electric machine is increased.

The object is further achieved by a motor vehicle according to claim 7.

According to the invention, a motor vehicle with a Drive device, at least one output shaft, at least one Transmission device, in particular a manual transmission device, and with  to provide at least part of a planetary gear. The The drive device is, for example, an internal combustion engine. The Planetary gear has, for example, a ring gear and / or a sun gear and / or at least one planet gear and / or at least one web for Recording the at least one planet gear. The wheels are for example gears. But it is also preferred that the wheels of the Planetary gear are, for example, friction wheels.

According to the invention it is provided, for example, that the Planetary gear device all of the aforementioned elements, ie one Ring gear, a sun gear, at least one planet gear and a land having. However, it is also preferred that these elements at least partially absence. For example, the invention provides that Planetary gear only from a ring gear, at least one planet as well a bridge. For example, it is also provided that the Planetary gear only from a sun gear, at least one Planet gear and a web there. The invention is in terms of The number of planet gears is essentially not limited. Still can certain numbers in arrangements may be particularly preferred. For example, it is particularly preferred that the planetary gear three Planet. However, this does not rule out that only one or there are only two planets. It is also particularly preferred that the planetary gear has four planets. It is also preferred that the Planetary gear five or six or seven or eight or nine or ten  Planet. By specifying this, however, the number of planets should be not be restricted.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention these two transmission devices, one of which is one Superposition gear device is. It is particularly preferred that a speed or a torque from a transmission device Torque or the speed of another transmission device superimposed becomes.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the Drive train of the motor vehicle at least one area in which there are at least two partial drive trains which are connected in parallel are. For example, it is provided that from a first shaft to a second shaft a torque or speed over two in parallel arranged transmission devices is transferable. For example a torque or a torque on the first shaft from a drive device Speed applied. The associated energy or power is at least partially via at least one of the transmission devices second wave transferable. It is preferred that at least one wave of Transmission devices is coupled to a second drive device from which also power or energy on the second wave - preferred can be applied at least via one of these gear devices.  

It is also particularly preferred that at least one first drive device via at least one first switchable in particular in different stages Gear device a torque or energy on an output shaft can transmit. Via at least one second drive device, preferably via a second transmission device - energy also on the Output shaft, which is particularly preferred with the first output shaft matches, transferable. So the invention is not just on Parallel connections limited, the at least two branch points have, so for example on such parallel connections, in which a first branch point connected at least two branches in parallel which converge again at a second branch point.

In particular, the invention also includes "open", connected in parallel Systems in which, for example, two sub-lines of the drive train between a node and a respective drive device in parallel before they converge from this node.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention at least one of the gear devices has a planetary gear.

A motor vehicle with at least two drive devices is preferred for generating an output speed or for generating at least a wheel speed of the wheels driving the motor vehicle, wherein one of these drive devices an internal combustion engine and one of these Drive devices is an electric machine.  

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention Motor vehicle according to the invention with at least one drive device at least one energy storage device, these Energy storage device the drive train at least temporarily energy can see. For example, the energy storage device is as Generator device trained.

It is preferred that the energy storage device at least temporarily Drivetrain takes energy and at least temporarily it Powertrain supplies energy. For example, the powertrain is one Internal combustion engine and can be supplied with energy by an electric machine. It is preferred that the electric machine in predetermined Operating situations draws energy from the drive train or energy from the drivetrain.

It is particularly preferred that at least one of the energy storage devices temporarily braking energy of the vehicle can be absorbed. Particularly preferred is that the energy that can be absorbed by the energy storage device Drivetrain at least partially according to a predetermined characteristic can be fed again. It is also preferred that the electric machine at least temporarily motorized and at least temporarily generator is operable.

According to a preferred embodiment of an inventive Motor vehicle has at least two motor vehicles  Drive devices, in particular for driving the driving wheels of the Motor vehicle, which can be activated at least at the same time, so that the motor vehicle operated by both drive devices simultaneously becomes.

It is also preferred to have a motor vehicle with at least two Train drive devices, at certain times a this drive means is inactivated while a second of these Drive devices is activated essentially at the same time, so that Motor vehicle at these times from part of the drive devices is operated.

It is also preferred that the motor vehicle with a drive device train which is an electric machine. This is particularly preferred Motor vehicle from this drive device essentially to any Times drivable. For example, the motor vehicle is - at least also - in a phase different from the start phase of such as Electric motor designed drive device can be driven.

According to the invention it is provided, for example, that a motor vehicle that for example a manual transmission device or a Has starting clutch device, for example at Switching operations of the drive train is interrupted at least temporarily, for example at least partially during these interruption phases from a superposition drive device such as one  Electric machine that is operated. According to the invention is, for example provided that the torque curve or the speed curve arbitrary Elements in the drive train is "smoothed". For example According to the invention allows that in phases of the interruption of Powertrain, for example in phases of the interruption of the tractive force Electric machine superimposed such a moment or a speed that at least one speed or a torque of a component of the Drivetrain, which due to the interruption of the tractive force experiences a raised, smoothed course. For example, is a Such course according to the invention can be smoothed such that the course in the area the "traction interruption" occurring in known arrangements monotonously is increasing or falling monotonously.

For example, according to the invention it is possible that only the curve, especially the engine torque curve or the clutch torque curve is "raised". According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the The invention has a motor vehicle for at least two drive devices Operate the wheels of the motor vehicle, which are essentially in series are switched.

It is also preferred that at least two wheels for operating the Motor vehicle or for driving the motor vehicle wheels connected in series are. It is also preferred that between the differential of the motor vehicle  and the internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle at least two Gear devices are arranged in the drive train.

Such transmission devices with at least one are preferred switchable translations.

Such transmission devices with at least two are preferred different translations switchable. Those are particularly preferred Translations of the first gear device and the translations of the second transmission device switchable depending. Those are particularly preferred Translations of the first gear device and the translations of the second gear device can be switched independently of one another.

At least one first and at least one second is particularly preferred Transmission device connected in series in the drive train. It is also preferred that at least a first and at least a second gear device are connected in parallel within the drive train.

It should be noted that under gear or under gear device in mind this invention both a gear device in the classic sense is to be understood, as well as a transmission device that has at least one wheel, in particular has at least one gear.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention at least one gear device on a planetary gear.  

It is also preferred that at least one of the transmission devices has a Clutch can be actuated. It is preferred, for example, that such Clutch different gear ratios or gears Gear device are switchable. It is also preferred that a such coupling device the drive train can be opened. For example, the invention provides that the drive train in Area of the transmission device opened via a coupling device can be. In particular, it is provided according to the invention that such a clutch, a neutral gear can be engaged. The arrangement of a Such clutch in the drive train is not limited according to the invention. It is preferred that several clutches are arranged in the drive train.

It is particularly preferred that any Torque transmission device, which is a clutch only as a special case, is arranged within the drive train. For example, according to one particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provided that a Torque transmission device, which is arranged in the drive train, a torque converter, such as a hydrodynamic Has torque converter.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one Torque transmission device or at least one clutch concentric around the axis of a drive train shaft  arranged. For example, such a coupling is directly around a shaft arranged concentrically around.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the first gear device, in particular different gears switch, an externally toothed spur gear.

It is also preferred that the second gear device, in particular the A planetary gear takes over the function of a superposition gear having. The combination of both of these options is special prefers.

It is also preferred that the sun gear of a planetary gear set in Drive train is arranged with a drive shaft in the is essentially rotatably coupled. Also a coupling between one Such sun gear and the output shaft is particularly preferred. It is also preferred that the ring gear of a planetary gear is arranged, for example, parallel to a further transmission device, with a - from the perspective of this planetary gear - drive shaft of the Drivetrain is non-rotatably coupled. It is also preferred that such Ring gear with a corresponding output shaft of the drive train is coupled.

It is also preferred that a planet gear in the drive train arranged planetary gear with a from the perspective of this planetary gear  drive shaft is rotatably coupled. It is also preferred that a Planetary gear of a planetary gear set in the drive train Motor vehicle is arranged with one from the perspective of this planetary gear output shaft is coupled.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention Web of a planetary gear with a drive side from the perspective of the web Shaft of the drive train of a motor vehicle rotatably coupled. Prefers is also that the web of an at least partially in the drive train Motor vehicle arranged planetary gear with an output side Drive train shaft is coupled.

It is also preferred that the sun gear of a planetary gear on one View of this planetary gear shaft arranged on the drive side Drive train of a motor vehicle is rotatably mounted. Is preferred also a corresponding constellation with a rotating bearing of the sun gear on an output shaft of the drive train. It is also preferred that a sun gear of a planetary gear both on the drive-side and on the output-side shaft rotatable is stored.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ring gear of a planetary gear on one from the perspective of the planetary gear drive-side shaft of the drive train of a motor vehicle rotatably mounted. It is also preferred that such a ring gear on  an output shaft of the drive train of a motor vehicle is rotatably mounted.

It is also preferred that a planet gear of a planetary gear on one View of this planetary gear drive shaft of a drive train of a motor vehicle is rotatably mounted. It is particularly preferred that a planetary gear of a planetary gear on a perspective of this Planetary gear output shaft of a drive train Motor vehicle is rotatably mounted.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of a Motor vehicle according to the invention is the web of a planetary gear a drive-side shaft of the view of this planetary gear Drive train of a motor vehicle rotatably mounted. Is preferred also that such a web of a planetary gear on a view this planetary gear output shaft of the drive train Motor vehicle is rotatably mounted.

Those resulting from these are also particularly preferred Combinations that result in individual storage options. Be exemplary stated that on a drive shaft of a drive train Motor vehicle a ring gear of a planetary gear rotatably or is rotatably mounted, while the sun gear on the output side Shaft is rotatably or rotatably mounted. It is also preferred for example, that translations between individual wheels one  Planetary gear and individual drive train shafts, such as for example a shaft on the input side or a shaft on the output side, are switched.

For example, the invention provides that the web of a Planetary gear with a drive-side shaft of the drive train Motor vehicle is coupled via at least one gear stage. Is preferred also that such a web with an output shaft on at least a gear stage is coupled.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention between a drive-side or from the perspective of a planetary gear output shaft of the drive train of a motor vehicle and the Sun gear or the ring gear or a planet gear or the web of the Planetary gear, at least temporarily a non-rotatable connection can be generated, that is solvable.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, this is Ring gear of a planetary gear in the torque flow between one Movement device and an arrangement of planet gears arranged. The concept of torque flow is to be understood broadly here can for example also be a power flow or energy flow par excellence. According to the invention, one movement device is, in particular, one To understand energy source, the movement of at least one component exercises or this component is set in motion. The type of energy source is  not limited to specific energy sources. For example, under a manually operated drive device also an energy source in the To understand the meaning of this invention.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, this is Ring gear a planetary gear at least temporarily with one Electric machine can be coupled electromagnetically. For example, is concentric arranged around the ring gear of a planetary gear, a stator, which as a Rotor acting ring gear of a planetary gear drives. It is also preferred that a rotor is coupled to the ring gear of a planetary gear. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is in correspondingly the web of a planetary gear via a Electric machine drivable. It is also preferred that a corresponding Operation can be carried out as a generator.

The current intensity of the stator or the current intensity of the Drive adjustable or controllable.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a Planetary gear between a first gear device and one Internal combustion engine - particularly preferably at least partially in Torque flow - arranged.  

It is also preferred that a coupling device, in particular a Starting clutch, in the drive train between the engine and the Drive shaft is arranged.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention second gear device, which in particular has a planetary gear or is arranged facing the clutch of the internal combustion engine. The The clutch is particularly preferably a starting clutch.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention second gear device, which is for example a planetary gear or has, on the side of the clutch facing away from the internal combustion engine, which is, for example, a starting clutch.

It is also preferred that several in the drive train of a motor vehicle Gear devices are arranged, which are at least partially on the same side of a clutch, for example a starting clutch are arranged.

It is also preferred that the first transmission device, via which, for example different gears are shiftable, and a second gear device different sides of a clutch, especially a starting clutch, the is arranged in the drive train, are arranged.  

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention at least part of the drive train via a transmission device in the Area of a planetary gear can be closed or opened, these Coupling device and the sun gear of the planetary gear different waves are arranged.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention Torque flow between an internal combustion engine and the first Gear device through which various gears can be shifted in particular are, from the perspective of the first transmission device of the internal combustion engine facing, a transmission input shaft arranged, which essentially concentric with the sun gear of a planetary gear device, preferably with is coupled to a second drive device.

An essentially corresponding arrangement is also preferred, in which a torque flow between the first transmission device and at least the transmission device with an output shaft facing the output shaft Transmission output shaft is coupled, the sun gear of the Planetary gear essentially concentric to this Transmission output shaft is arranged.

It is preferred that the sun gear of the planetary gear on the Transmission input shaft is arranged.  

It is preferred that the sun gear of the planetary gear on the Transmission output shaft is arranged.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention Drive train of a motor vehicle arranged a clutch device, which has a self-adjusting clutch. The clutch can too be designed to readjust the release force with reduced wear.

Such a self-adjusting clutch is preferably force-controlled. Such a self-adjusting clutch is particularly preferred steered.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention Drivetrain of the motor vehicle arranged a step transmission. Especially the first transmission device of this stepped transmission is preferred.

It is also preferred that the drive train of the motor vehicle has a continuously variable one Gear is arranged. This continuously variable transmission is preferably the first Gear device.

It is also preferred that in particular the first gear device as automatic transmission is formed.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention The motor vehicle's drive train is an automated manual transmission  arranged. The first transmission device is particularly preferred as automated manual transmission.

It is further preferred that one arranged in the drive train Coupling device as an electronically controlled coupling device is trained. For example, the electronically controlled clutch is one Coupling device, as described by the applicant under the name Electronic clutch management (EKM) is distributed.

It is further preferred that in the drive train of an inventive Motor vehicle at least one dual mass flywheel is arranged. Such a dual-mass flywheel particularly preferably forms one Coupling device, for example a self-adjusting Coupling device, an assembly that is fully assembled. Especially it is preferred that the dual mass flywheel and the Coupling device are screwed together.

The coupling device and that are particularly preferred Dual mass flywheel arranged concentrically to each other.

It is also preferred that the coupling device and the Dual mass flywheel is at least partially radially adjacent are arranged.  

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, this is Motor vehicle according to the invention with a device for generating a Reverse direction of rotation of the drive torque.

Such a device particularly preferably has a device for generating a Reversal of direction of rotation a gear device and / or a Coupling device on.

It is further preferred that a motor vehicle according to the invention has a Has control device, of this control device for example a gear coupling and / or an electric machine and / or a starting clutch is controllable.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a Motor vehicle, the at least one internal combustion engine for driving this Motor vehicle and at least one second drive device for operation of this motor vehicle, such as an electric machine, at least temporarily movable with a purely internal combustion engine drive. This means in particular that at least at times from the Internal combustion engine the output torque is generated.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a Motor vehicle that has an internal combustion engine and an electric machine has, the motor vehicle from both of these drive devices is operable, at least temporarily driven by the electric machine alone.  

It is also preferred that the gear ratio of the motor vehicle is controllable by the electric machine.

It is particularly preferred that the electric machine in one Intervening planetary device, which - in particular connected in series - in Drive train of the motor vehicle is arranged so that, for example, by E-machine-driven planet gear the speed of an output side - also driven by the internal combustion engine - shaft or that corresponding moment is controllable.

It is further preferred that a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine and is equipped with an electric machine, it being simultaneous by both of these Drive devices can be driven.

In particular, it is preferred that the output torque of these two Drive devices is generated.

It is further preferred that the electric machine at least temporarily as Generator is operable.

It is further preferred that braking energy can be fed back to the electric machine is.

It is also particularly preferred that a motor vehicle has an internal combustion engine and has an electric machine for driving this motor vehicle,  this motor vehicle at least at times during forward operation the electric machine can be driven.

It is also particularly preferred that a motor vehicle has both Internal combustion engine as well as an electric machine for driving this Has motor vehicle, the motor vehicle at least at times electromotive drive is movable in reverse.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention Electric machine provided, at least temporarily in the drive train of the Motor vehicle is arranged, of which electric machine that is preferably operated as a generator and / or motor, the motor of the Motor vehicle can be started.

A classic starter is also particularly preferably provided.

Of the electric machine, the internal combustion engine is particularly preferred Vehicle can be started from a standing start. It is also preferred that the vehicle or the internal combustion engine when the vehicle is moving Electric machine can be started. If the internal combustion engine is moving When the vehicle is started, the loss of moment can be caused by the Compression torque compensated by controlling the electric machine be torque by the electric machine during this period contributed.  

It is particularly preferred that the traction force interruption of a manual transmission can be interrupted and / or bridged by means of the electric machine. This is to be understood in particular to mean that the typically in known Arrangements occurring "burglary" or the classically in known Arrangements occurring sink in the course of the clutch torque or Motor torque can be compensated for by activity of the electric machine.

In particular, according to the invention it can thus be between points in Torque curve of the clutch device or the motor before and after a switching operation is essentially monotonous Generate torque curve. But also a torque curve according to one Any characteristic that can be predetermined can be achieved by such a characteristic Generate overlay of the electric machine.

For example, it can be specified that the torque is always above a predeterminable torque limit. To ensure this Torque can then be activated the electric machine. Here is particularly preferred that by a tuning device that of the Torque generated by the internal combustion engine and that from the electric machine generated torque is monitored or controlled.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention Motor vehicle an internal combustion engine and an electric machine for Driving the motor vehicle, with the electric machine driving  or output-side vibrations in the drive train at least temporarily can be compensated and / or isolated and / or damped.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a Motor vehicle from an internal combustion engine and one in the drive train in essentially arranged electric machine drivable, of which Electric machine and / or the internal combustion engine also the direction of rotation at least one output shaft is reversible. For example, by Switch on the second of these two drive devices resulting moment opposite to the previous movement on the Output shaft are applied.

It is particularly preferred that the electric machine is an externally excited Electric machine is.

It is further preferred that the electric machine is a reluctance machine and / or an asynchronous motor and / or an EC motor and / or one DC shunt machine and / or a synchronous motor and / or a Stepper motor is or has.

It is further preferred that the planet carrier one in a drive train a planetary gear arranged as a deep-drawn stamping part is trained.  

It is also preferred that the ring gear of a planetary gear which in Drive train of a motor vehicle is arranged as a deep-drawn stamped part can be produced and / or produced.

The object is further achieved by a method according to claim 108.

According to the invention it is therefore provided that an internal combustion engine for Operating a motor vehicle at predetermined times or Time periods is operated according to a first characteristic and a Electric machine, also for operating or driving the Motor vehicle is provided according to a second characteristic predetermined second times is operated, the intensity of the Drive movement by the intensity of actuation of the internal combustion engine and the intensity of the actuation of the electric machine is characterized.

The times or periods at which the internal combustion engine and the Electric machine operated, can overlap, for example. However, it is also preferred that the times do not overlap. Also one partial overlay is provided according to the invention.

The object is further achieved by a method according to claim 109.

According to the invention, a method for operating a Motor vehicle, which has two drive devices, in particular one Has electric machine and / or an internal combustion engine, such  train that the electric machine at predetermined times in regenerative operation is operated, while during the regenerative Operating energy is diverted from the drive train. It is also preferred that the electric machine is at least partially generator and at least is operated partly by motor.

The claims filed with the application are Proposed wording without prejudice for achieving further Patent protection. The applicant reserves the right to, more so far, only in the description and / or the drawings disclosed features claim.

Relationships used in subclaims point to the others Formation of the subject of the main claim by the features of respective subclaim; they are not a waiver of attainment an automatic, objective protection for the characteristics of the to understand related subclaims.

However, the subjects of these subclaims also form automatic ones Inventions that are one of the objects of the previous Have independent claims independent design.

The invention is not based on the embodiment (s) of the description limited. Rather, numerous changes are within the scope of the invention and modifications possible, in particular such variants, elements and Combinations and / or materials, e.g. B. by combination or Modification of individual in connection with that in general  Description and embodiments as well as the claims described and features or elements contained in the drawings or Process steps are inventive and due to combinable features a new item or new procedural steps or Process step results lead, also insofar as they manufacture, test and Concern working procedures.

It should be noted that the interaction of the individual Features according to the invention in any combination is preferred. In particular, those disclosed by the independent claims are also Characteristic combinations with omission of one or more characteristics preferred in each case. The methods of the invention are also in Combination preferred.

It should also be noted that the comments on all known Orders in the first place that do not relate to specific publications Line are known to the applicant or the inventor, so that the inventor Protection for this is reserved unless it is also known to the public are.

It should be noted that when linking features by "or" this "or" each on the one hand as a mathematical "or" and on the other hand as the each other is to be understood as excluding "or".

It should also be noted that the concept of taxation as well as of it derived terms within the meaning of the invention is to be understood broadly. He includes in particular rules and / or taxes in the sense of DIN.  

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the ones presented here Embodiments of the invention also a variety of others Modifications and designs are conceivable that are covered by the invention are. In particular, the invention is not limited only to those here illustrated embodiments.

In the following, the invention based on examples, not limiting embodiments explained in more detail.

It shows:

Figure 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.

Fig. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation;

Fig. 3 shows a third exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation;

Fig. 4 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation;

Figure 5 is a fifth exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.

Fig. 6 shows a sixth exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation;

FIG. 7 shows a seventh exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation;

Fig. 8 is an eighth exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation;

9 shows a ninth exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.

FIG. 10 is a tenth exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation;

Figure 11 is an eleventh exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.

12 shows a twelfth exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.

Fig. 13 is a schematic representation of a vehicle and

FIGS. 14a to 16b are diagrams.

Fig. 1 schematically shows a vehicle 1 with a drive unit 2, such as engine or internal combustion engine. Furthermore, a torque transmission system 3 and an arrangement 4 with a transmission are shown in the drive train of the vehicle. In this embodiment, the torque transmission system 3 is arranged in the power flow between the engine and the transmission, a drive torque of the engine being transmitted via the torque transmission system to the transmission and from the transmission 4 on the output side to an output shaft 5 and to a downstream axis 6 and to the wheels 6 a .

The arrangement 4 with gear is shown here very schematically as a black box. This black box 4 represents in particular the area which is arranged in FIGS. 3 to 12 between the starting clutch and the moment of inertia. In particular, according to the invention, a transmission for shifting between different gears and a planetary transmission are arranged in the arrangement 4 or the black box 4 . It should be noted that, for example, the planetary gear arrangement can also be arranged between the internal combustion engine and the starting clutch, which is not shown in FIG. 1.

The torque transmission system 3 is designed as a clutch, such as a friction clutch, multi-plate clutch, magnetic powder clutch or converter lock-up clutch, the clutch being a self-adjusting, wear-compensating clutch. The arrangement 4 with a transmission has, for example, a manual transmission, such as a multi-speed transmission. According to the idea of the invention, the transmission can also be an automated manual transmission, which can be shifted automatically by means of at least one actuator. In the following, an automated manual transmission is to be understood as an automated transmission which is shifted with an interruption in the tractive force and the shifting operation of the transmission ratio is carried out by means of at least one actuator.

Furthermore, an automatic transmission can also be used, with a Automatic transmission is a transmission essentially without interruption in tractive power is in the switching operations and usually through Planetary gear stages is built.

Furthermore, a continuously variable transmission, such as a conical pulley belt transmission, can be used. The automatic transmission can also be designed with a torque transmission system 3 arranged on the output side, such as a clutch or friction clutch. The torque transmission system can also be designed as a starting clutch and / or reversing set clutch for reversing the direction of rotation and / or a safety clutch with a selectively controllable, transferable torque. The torque transmission system can be a dry friction clutch or a wet friction clutch that runs, for example, in a fluid. It can also be a torque converter.

The torque transmission system 3 has a drive side 7 and an output side 8 , wherein a torque is transmitted from the drive side 7 to the output side 8 by the clutch disc 3 a by means of the pressure plate 3 b, the plate spring 3 c and the release bearing 3 e and the flywheel 3 d is subjected to force. For this purpose, the release lever 20 is actuated by means of an actuating device, such as an actuator.

The torque transmission system 3 is controlled by means of a control unit 13 , such as a control unit, which can include the control electronics 13 a and the actuator 13 b. In another advantageous embodiment, the actuator and the control electronics can also be arranged in two different structural units, such as housings.

The control unit 13 can contain the control and power electronics for controlling the electric motor 12 of the actuator 13 b. In this way it can advantageously be achieved, for example, that the system requires the installation space for the actuator with electronics as the only installation space. The actuator consists of a drive motor 12 , such as an electric motor, the electric motor 12 acting on a master cylinder 11 via a gear, such as a worm gear or spur gear or crank gear or threaded spindle gear. This effect on the master cylinder can take place directly or via a linkage.

The movement of the output part of the actuator, such as the master cylinder piston 11 a, is detected with a clutch travel sensor 14 , which detects the position or position or the speed or the acceleration of a variable which is proportional to the position or engagement position or the speed or acceleration of the clutch . The master cylinder 11 is connected to the slave cylinder 10 via a pressure medium line 9 , such as a hydraulic line. The output element 10 a of the slave cylinder is operatively connected to the release lever or release means 20 , so that a movement of the output part 10 a of the slave cylinder 10 causes the release means 20 to be moved or tilted in order to control the torque that can be transmitted by the clutch 3 .

The actuator 13 b for controlling the transferable torque of the torque transmission system 3 can be actuatable by pressure medium, ie it can be equipped with a pressure medium transmitter and slave cylinder. The pressure medium can be, for example, a hydraulic fluid or a pneumatic medium. The actuation of the pressure medium transmitter cylinder can be provided by an electric motor, wherein the electric motor 12 can be controlled electronically. The drive element of the actuator 13b may be in addition to an electric motor drive element, a different, for example, pressure-actuated drive member. Magnetic actuators can also be used to adjust a position of an element.

In the case of a friction clutch, the transferable torque is controlled in that the contact pressure of the friction linings of the clutch disc between the flywheel 3 d and the pressure plate 3 b takes place in a targeted manner. The force applied to the pressure plate or the friction linings can be controlled in a targeted manner via the position of the disengaging means 20 , such as a disengagement fork or central release device, the pressure plate being able to be moved between two end positions and can be set and fixed as desired. One end position corresponds to a fully engaged clutch position and the other end position corresponds to a fully disengaged clutch position. To control a transmissible torque, which is, for example, less than the momentary engine torque, a position of the pressure plate 3 b can be controlled, for example, which is in an intermediate region between the two end positions. The clutch can be fixed in this position by means of the targeted actuation of the disengaging means 20 . However, it is also possible to control transmissible clutch torques that are defined above the engine torques currently pending. In such a case, the currently occurring engine torques can be transmitted, the torque irregularities in the drive train being damped and / or isolated in the form of, for example, torque peaks.

For control, such as control or regulation, the Torque transmission system continue to use sensors that at least temporarily the relevant sizes of the entire system monitor and the state variables, signals and Deliver measured values that are processed by the control unit, one Signal connection to other electronic units, such as one Engine electronics or an electronics of an anti-lock braking system (ABS) or an anti-slip regulation (ASR) can be provided and can exist. The sensors detect, for example, speeds, such as wheel speeds, Engine speeds, the position of the load lever, the throttle position, the Gear position of the transmission, an intention to shift and more vehicle-specific parameters.

Fig. 1 shows that a throttle sensor 15, an engine speed sensor 16 and a speedometer sensor 17 find use and forward measured values or information to the control unit. The electronics unit, such as the computer unit, of the control unit 13 a processes the system input variables and forwards control signals to the actuator 13 b.

The internal combustion engine can by means of a throttle valve actuator can be controlled electronically. You can use the Throttle valve control, the load lever position and / or the Throttle valve position controlled, for example, using a map become. This can be done between the throttle valve position and the  Load map position a map stored in a memory of the control unit become. The use of a throttle valve sensor is also advantageous and optionally an electronically controlled throttle valve actuator, the it allows to switch between load lever position and throttle valve position Map to be laid (E-gas). It can be useful if for example 0% load lever with z. B. -10% power (recuperation) is equated or controlled, d. H. the vehicle brakes itself at 0% Load lever. The service brake itself would then only be for stronger ones Braking effects actuated. Thus, the control could. May become easier since the interaction with a brake control system is eliminated or could be simplified.

The transmission is designed, for example, as a step change transmission, the gear ratios being changed by means of a shift lever or the transmission being actuated or operated by means of this shift lever. Furthermore, at least one sensor 19 b is arranged on the operating lever, such as shift lever 18 , of the manual transmission, which detects the intention to shift and / or the gear position and forwards it to the control unit. The sensor 19 a is articulated on the transmission and detects the current gear position and / or an intention to shift. The switching intention detection using at least one of the two sensors 19 a, 19 b can take place in that the sensor is a force sensor which detects the force acting on the shift lever. Furthermore, the sensor can also be designed as a displacement or position sensor, the control unit recognizing an intention to switch from the change in the position signal over time.

The control unit is at least temporarily in signal connection with all sensors and evaluates the sensor signals and system input variables in such a way that the control unit issues control or regulation commands to the at least one actuator depending on the current operating point. The drive element 12 of the actuator, such as an electric motor, receives from the control unit which controls the clutch actuation a manipulated variable as a function of measured values and / or system input variables and / or signals from the connected sensors. For this purpose, a control program is implemented as hardware and / or software in the control unit, which evaluates the incoming signals and calculates or determines the output variables on the basis of comparisons and / or functions and / or characteristic maps.

The control unit 13 has advantageously implemented a torque determination unit, a gear position determination unit, a slip determination unit and / or an operating state determination unit or is in signal connection with at least one of these units. These units can be implemented by control programs as hardware and / or as software, so that by means of the incoming sensor signals, the torque of the drive unit 2 of the vehicle 1 , the gear position of the transmission and the slip that prevails in the area of the torque transmission system and the current operating state of the vehicle can be determined. The gear position determination unit uses the signals from the sensors 19 a and 19 b to determine the currently engaged gear. The sensors are articulated on the shift lever and / or on gearbox-internal adjusting means, such as a central shift shaft or shift rod, and detect them, for example the position and / or the speed of these components. Furthermore, a load lever sensor 31 can be arranged on the load lever 30 , such as an accelerator pedal, which detects the load lever position. Another sensor 32 can act as an idle switch, ie when the accelerator pedal, such as a load lever, this idle switch 32 is switched on and when a signal is not actuated, it is switched off, so that digital information can be used to detect whether the load lever, such as the accelerator pedal, is actuated becomes. The load lever sensor 31 detects the degree of actuation of the load lever.

Fig. 1 shows, in addition to the accelerator pedal 30 as the load lever, and in related sensors, a brake actuator 40 to actuate the service brake or the parking brake as the brake pedal, hand lever or hand or foot-operated actuator of the parking brake. At least one sensor 41 is arranged on the actuating element 40 and monitors its actuation. The sensor 41 is designed, for example, as a digital sensor, such as a switch, which detects that the actuating element is actuated or not actuated. With this sensor, a signal device, such as a brake light, can be in signal connection, which signals that the brake is actuated. This can be done for both the service brake and the parking brake. However, the sensor can also be designed as an analog sensor, such a sensor, such as a potentiometer, determining the degree of actuation of the actuating element. This sensor can also be in signal connection with a signal device.

Fig. 2 shows schematically a driveline of a vehicle with a drive unit 100, a torque transmission system 102, an at least one gear having assembly 103, a differential 104 and drive axles 109 and wheels 106th The overturn protection device 106a interacts with components of the vehicle, as indicated schematically by arrow 106b . The reference numeral 106 a alternatively or additionally represents a wheel speed failure detection device. The torque transmission system 102 is arranged or fastened on or on a flywheel 102 a, the flywheel generally carrying a starter ring gear 102 b. The torque transmission system has a pressure plate 102 d, a clutch cover 102 e, a plate spring 102 f and a clutch disc 102 c with friction linings. Between the clutch disc 102 d and the flywheel 102 a, the clutch disc 102 c is optionally arranged with a damping device. A force accumulator, such as plate spring 102 f, acts on the pressure plate in the axial direction towards the clutch disc, a release bearing 109 , such as a pressure-actuated central release, being provided for actuating the torque transmission system. A release bearing 110 is arranged between the central release device and the plate spring tongues of the plate spring 102 f. The disc spring is acted on by an axial displacement of the release bearing and disengages the clutch. The clutch can also be designed as a pressed or a pulled clutch.

The arrangement 103 with gear is shown schematically as a black box. In particular, it is provided according to the invention that arrangements with a gear device for shifting different gears or gear ratios as well as at least one superimposition drive device and - particularly preferably - a planetary gear device are arranged within this box. Examples of this are shown in FIGS. 2 to 11, in particular in the area between the starting clutch and the inertial mass.

The actuator 108 is an actuator of an automated manual transmission, which also contains the actuation unit for the torque transmission system. The actuator 108 actuates shift elements internal to the transmission, such as, for example, a shift drum or shift rods or a central shift shaft of the transmission, whereby the gears can be inserted or removed in, for example, sequential order or in any order. The clutch actuating element 109 is actuated via the connection 111 . The control unit 107 is connected to the actuator via the signal connection 112 , the signal connections 113 to 115 being connected to the control unit, the line 114 processing incoming signals, the line 113 processing control signals from the control unit and the connection 115, for example by means of a data bus connects to other electronic units.

To start or start the vehicle essentially from a standing position or from a slow rolling movement, such as creeping movement, that is to say to accelerate the vehicle in a targeted manner initiated by the driver, the driver essentially operates only the accelerator pedal, such as the load lever 30 , the controlled or regulated one automated clutch actuation by means of the actuator controls the transmissible torque of the torque transmission system during a starting process. By actuating the load lever, the driver's desire for a more or less strong or fast starting process is detected by means of the load lever sensor 31 and then controlled accordingly by the control unit. The accelerator pedal and the sensor signals of the accelerator pedal are used as input variables for controlling the starting process of the vehicle.

During a start-up process, the transmittable torque, such as clutch torque M _ksoll, is essentially determined by means of a predefinable function or on the basis of characteristic curves or maps, for example as a function of the engine speed, the dependence on the engine speed or on other variables such as the engine torque. is advantageously implemented using a characteristic diagram or a characteristic curve.

If the load lever or the accelerator pedal is actuated to a specific value a at a low speed during a starting process, essentially from a standing position or from a creeping condition, an engine torque 40 is activated by means of an engine controller 40 . The control unit of the automated clutch actuation 13 controls the transmissible torque of the torque transmission system in accordance with predefinable functions or maps, so that a steady state of equilibrium is established between the actuated engine torque and the clutch torque. Depending on the load lever position a, the state of equilibrium is characterized by a defined starting speed, a starting or engine torque as well as a defined transferable torque of the torque transmission system and a torque transmitted to the drive wheels, such as drive torque. The functional relationship of the starting torque as a function of the starting speed is referred to below as the starting characteristic. The load lever position a is proportional to the position of the throttle valve of the engine.

Fig. 2 shows, in addition to the accelerator 122, such as load lever, and in communication therewith sensor 123, a brake actuating member 120 for actuating the service brake or the parking brake as the brake pedal, hand lever or hand or foot-operated actuator of the parking brake. At least one sensor 121 is arranged on the actuating element 120 and monitors its actuation. The sensor 121 is designed, for example, as a digital sensor, such as a switch, which detects that the actuating element is actuated or not. With this sensor, a signal device, such as a brake light, can be in signal connection, which signals that the brake is actuated. This can be done for both the service brake and the parking brake. However, the sensor can also be designed as an analog sensor, such a sensor, such as a potentiometer, determining the degree of actuation of the actuating element. This sensor can also be in signal connection with a signal device.

Fig. 3 shows a third exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.

Between the engine torque 302 , which acts schematically on the "motor moment of inertia 300 " in FIG. 3, and the load moment 306 , which acts schematically on the vehicle moment of inertia 304, there is an arrangement comprising a torque transmission device in the form of a starting clutch 308 , a (first) transmission device 310 and a superposition Gear device 312 , which has at least one second gear device in the form of a planetary gear device 314 .

The first gear device 310 , via which different gears can be shifted, is shown here as a gear device with two gear steps and one neutral gear.

This representation as a two-speed gearbox with neutral gear Invention is not limited to these translations. It should be noted that as a transmission device according to the invention also transmission devices anyway are preferred, which are not designed as a step or manual transmission.

In the transmission device 310 , a first 316 and a second gear 318 are each connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the transmission input shaft 320 . The first 316 and the second gear 318 each mesh with a third 324 or fourth gear 326, which is rotatably arranged on the transmission output shaft 322 . A rotationally fixed connection between the gear 324 and the transmission output shaft 322 or the gear 326 and the transmission output shaft 322 can be established via the coupling devices 328 or 330 , which are preferably also designed as a single coupling device. On the engine side of the first transmission device 310 , the starting clutch 308 is arranged on the transmission input shaft 320 . The superposition gear device 312 is located on the side of the first gear device facing away from the engine. This has a ring gear 332 , which is surrounded by a planetary gear 314 and is rotatably mounted with respect to the gear input shaft 320 . A web 334 for receiving the planet gears 336 is also rotatable relative to the transmission input shaft 320 . The web 334 has a toothing 338 or is connected to a component having a toothing 338 in a — preferably non-rotatable — connection. This toothing 338 engages in the toothing of a gearwheel 340 which is arranged on the transmission output shaft in a rotationally fixed manner. The sun 348 of the planetary gear 64160 00070 552 001000280000000200012000285916404900040 0002019945474 00004 64041triebes is rotatably arranged on the transmission input shaft. With the ring gear 332 of the planetary gear in a rotationally fixed connection or as part of the ring gear 332, a rotor 342 is provided which communicates with the stator 344 at least temporarily in electromagnetic interaction. A superposition torque 346 can be introduced at any time via this electric machine 342 , 344 . In the case of internal combustion engine drive, in which the internal combustion engine supplies or removes power to the drive train, the starting clutch is closed and a gear of the manual transmission is engaged. The speed of two shafts of the superposition gear is thus impressed or defined from the outside. The superposition gear does not change the speed ratio.

Fig. 4 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation. This embodiment differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 in particular in that the planetary gear device 314 or the sun gear 348 of the planetary gear device 314 is arranged on the gearbox output shaft 322 .

Fig. 5 shows a fifth exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.

In this exemplary embodiment, the sun gear 348 of the planetary gear 314 is arranged on the transmission output shaft 322 in accordance with FIG. 4. In this regard, it should be noted that an arrangement of the planetary gear 314 or the sun gear 348 is particularly preferred on the gear input shaft 320 . This also relates in particular to the representations according to FIGS. 6 to 13.

FIG. 5 shows schematically that the actuation of the starting clutch 308 , the gear mechanism 316 , 318 , 324 , 326 , 328 , 330 and the actuation of the electric machine 344 , 342 or the second gear mechanism or the planetary gear mechanism 314 are preferably automated. In particular, the control device 360 takes over the control of the gear device 316 , 318 , 324 , 326 , 328 , 330 , the control of the electric machine 344 , 342 or the stator 344 and the control of the starting clutch 308 . In the area of control of the transmission mechanism 316, 318, 324, 326, 328, 330, the controller 316 controls the "Switch 362" and the "Select 364". The "coupling 366 " of the starting clutch 308 is also carried out by the control device 360 . The electric machine 344 , 342 is undertaken in particular by controlling a current applied to the stator 344 . As indicated schematically by 368, the control device or transmission control device 360 is connected to further control devices, not shown, of the vehicle.

For example, communication with CAN takes place. This schematic indication of the communication or communication device 368 to further control devices (not shown) extends, for example, to communication with an internal combustion engine control system or a brake control system (e.g. electric brake). Interaction of the control device 360 via the communication device 368 , which can be wireless or wired, with a device (not shown) for the purpose of recuperating kinetic energy is also possible according to the invention. According to the invention, it is provided, for example, that the specification of an operating mode and a gear specification are implemented from a higher-level drive train control. The connecting device 368 also enables uniform control or data transmission and processing between the control device 360 and an electromotive power steering and / or an electromotive cooling water pump or other electrified units or their respective control device.

Fig. 6 shows a sixth exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.

As can be seen from FIG. 6, the clutch device 328 is in a closed state here, so that the speed of the transmission output shaft 322 is clearly defined via the gear stage 316 , 324 when the speed of the transmission input shaft 320 is fixed. These speeds correspond to the "peripheral speeds" of the superposition gear. Additional power can be supplied via the electric machine 342 , 344 .

Fig. 7 shows a seventh exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.

The clutches 328 , 330 of the transmission device 316 , 318 , 324 , 326 are each opened here, so that no speed is transmitted from the transmission input shaft 320 to the transmission output shaft 322 via this transmission stage 316 , 324 or 318 , 326 . The speed generated by the internal combustion engine, not shown, of the transmission input shaft 320 is thus - according to the translation - transmitted via the superimposition gearbox 340 , 334 , 336 , 342 , 344 to the transmission output shaft 322 . The translation can be set by means of the electric machine 344 , 342 .

In this way, for example, the starting process can be influenced by the Translation of the transmission from the transmission input to the output via the Speed of the electric motor is controlled so that, for example, starting at closed starting clutch is possible.

Fig. 8 shows an eighth exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.

According to the invention, it is made possible, for example, that when the gearbox is in gear, here via the gear stage 316 , 324 or the closed clutch 328 , power is dissipated from the drive train by the electric machine 344 , 342 at constant transmission ratio and is fed back into a battery (not shown). For example, the internal combustion engine (not shown) can be operated as a brake or operated or switched off when the starting clutch 308 is disengaged.

Fig. 9 shows a ninth exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.

When the starting clutch 308 is open, it is provided according to the invention, for example, that the electric machine 344 , 342 supplies power to the drive train when the gear is engaged. Thus, for example, when the starting clutch 308 is open, a driving operation that is not an internal combustion engine operation is made possible. This type of driving operation can be advantageous, for example, in stop-and-go driving or in reverse operation. According to the invention, a reverse gear of the manual transmission could thus also be omitted.

Fig. 10 shows a tenth exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.

In this embodiment, it is schematically illustrated that, for example, with an output shaft or transmission output shaft 322 fixed via a service or parking brake, which is shown schematically here via the fixed clamping device 370 , via the transmission ratio of the superposition gear device or planetary gear device 314 and when the starting clutch 308 is closed the internal combustion engine can be started by means of the electric machine 344 , 342 . For example, such a design makes it possible that the starter release is only possible when the service brake is applied, which is often desirable, for example, in vehicles with an automated manual transmission.

For example, it is preferably provided according to the invention that no Brake control unit shown the service brake after a Starter release is only released when the starting clutch after the internal combustion engine has started.

Fig. 11 shows an eleventh exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.

The illustration in FIG. 11 illustrates how the present invention the engine can be started with a moving vehicle. The basis for this is, for example, that the vehicle is operated with an electric drive or in generator mode, for example, and that the internal combustion engine has not yet been started or switched off. The vehicle therefore moves when the internal combustion engine is not running.

Starting the internal combustion engine is intended in such situations for example via the load lever position or an acceleration request of the driver.

For example, the invention provides that in those cases where the output speed is high enough so that when a gear is engaged Transmission input speed results in the driving operation of the Internal combustion engine is sufficient when the starting clutch is closed Internal combustion engine is accelerated. This is preferred by tempering reduction of the tractive force of the motor by pressing the Internal combustion engine balanced.

According to the invention it is also preferably provided that in situations in which the output speed is too low, so that when the gear is engaged results in a transmission input speed that is not at the start of the Internal combustion engine is sufficient, the vehicle via the electric machine is first accelerated so far that the transmission input speed at gear is sufficient for partial operation of the internal combustion engine. At Another acceleration request is preferably made in the Proceed as described above.

According to the invention, it is further preferred that in cases in which the output speed is just high enough that a gear input speed results when the gear is engaged, which is sufficient for starting but not for operating the internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine is started in the manner already described above becomes. It is preferred that the starting clutch 308 is then opened briefly so that, for example, another gear stage can be selected.

It is also preferred to use the electric machine in the latter case accelerate.

It should be noted that the influence of the braking torque of the Internal combustion engine when starting on the vehicle over the inserted Gear can be influenced.

It is further preferred that the braking torque when starting is timed staggered starting of the cylinders for engines with freely controllable valves Taxes.

Fig. 12 shows a twelfth exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.

This illustration shows how the one Traction power interruption associated with conventional step transmissions Disadvantages are reduced or avoided according to the invention.

The synchronization of the speed of the is also advantageous Transmission input shaft and the entire internal combustion engine, since the  Starting clutch is not opened by means of the speed control of the Electric machine. It can also be advantageous if the electric machine for example, are braked during an upshift or downshift must to brake the internal combustion engine to the target speed. Here the twist plus from the rotating masses of the combustion machine and the clutch can be directed to the output, creating a Output torque (pulling force) can be generated (load switching function).

In the event of a downshift (e.g. in the case of kickdown), the electric machine accelerated, the internal combustion engine is controlled by the Motor control, also accelerated to the target speed. It can Moment from the internal combustion engine, supported by the moment of Electric machine to be directed to the output and the Interruption of traction avoided.

It is also appropriate in a special embodiment if the Synchronizers of a conventional manual transmission as a result of Synchronization by means of an electric machine could be omitted.

Thus, according to the invention, it is provided in particular, as shown in FIG. 12, that when the gear mechanism 316 , 318 , 324 , 326 , 328 , 330 is aimed or desired, the clutch devices 328 , 330 are opened so that the gear mechanism 316 , 318 , 324 , 326 , 328 , 330 no more speed is transmitted. Essentially simultaneously, the electric machine 344 , 342 is actuated in such a way that it actuates the actuated gear ratio. After reaching this gear ratio, which is carried out with the aid of the second gear device or the planetary gear device 314 , a switch is made to internal combustion engine operation by closing the gear ratio or gear stage sought.

It is also preferred that the starting clutch 308 is opened for or before shifting the gear stage, the entire tractive force being applied to the transmission output shaft 322 , in particular via the electric machine 342 , 344 and the planetary gear mechanism 314, during the shifting process.

The invention further relates to a transmission, in particular for motor vehicles, such as Gear change transmission, with at least two shafts, such as one Input shaft, an output shaft and possibly one Layshaft, with a plurality of gear pairs, with means Couplings with a first shaft rotatably connectable gears, such as Idler gears, and with gears rotatably arranged with a shaft, such as Gear wheels.

FIGS. 3 to 12 schematically show a transmission of a motor vehicle, which is a drive unit, such as motor or internal combustion engine, and a start-up or switching clutch such as a friction clutch arranged downstream. The transmission has an input shaft, a countershaft and optionally an additional output shaft, wherein the countershaft can also be the same as the output shaft.

A flywheel can be arranged between the engine and transmission which arranged the friction clutch with pressure plate and clutch cover is. A dual-mass flywheel can also be used instead of the rigid flywheel be provided, which two rotatably mounted relative to each other It has flywheels that counteract restoring forces, for example arranged between the centrifugal masses are rotatable.

There is a between the clutch drive plate and the transmission input shaft Torsional vibration damper arranged. This has at least two relative disc-shaped components rotatably mounted relative to each other, which counter Restoring forces, for example, arranged between the components Energy stores are rotatable. Radially on the outside of the drive plate preferably arranged friction linings.

The waves, such as input shaft, output shaft and possibly The countershaft can be rotated by means of a bearing within a gear housing stored and centered in the radial direction and possibly in the axial direction stored.  

The input shaft and the output shaft are substantially parallel arranged aligned to each other. In another embodiment, can the output shaft can also be arranged coaxially with the input shaft, wherein is also stored and centered within the gearbox.

The starting or shift clutch is in an advantageous embodiment for example as a wet friction clutch within the Gear housing arranged. In another advantageous The coupling is an example of an exemplary embodiment Dry friction clutch within a clutch bell between the engine and Gear arranged.

With the input shaft of the gearbox, the gear wheels are axially fixed and non-rotatable connected or connectable. The gear wheels mesh with gears, like idler gears for example rotatable on the countershaft or the input shaft and are rotatably connected to the shaft by means of couplings. Between one Gear and another gear is an idler gear Reversal of rotation arranged. The gear pairing thus represents the pairing for reverse gear R.

The individual gears are under axial displacement of a clutch, such as Sliding sleeve, can be connected to the countershaft in a rotationally fixed manner. Some Gears are also under axial displacement of the sliding sleeve with the Output shaft are positively connected. Only one gear can be used at a time  be connected to the shaft by means of a sliding sleeve, since the Sliding sleeves due to the eel displacement in one or the other eels Direction create a positive connection between the shaft and gear can and the sliding sleeves are each arranged between two gears.

The transmission can have two or three assemblies, each by two Gear pairs and a coupling arranged in between, such as a sliding sleeve, are formed.

The couplings can advantageously as form-fitting couplings, such as Claw clutches are formed. You can also in another Embodiment as friction clutches with conical or flat Friction surfaces with one or more than one friction surface, such as a multi-plate clutch, be trained. Furthermore, they can be used in another embodiment a synchronizer with one or more than one synchronizer ring be trained.

The sliding sleeves for shifting the gears of the transmission are by the Actuators actuated as axially displaced, being between the Actuators and the sliding sleeves each have a connection, such as a Linkage or a cable or a Bowden cable or a selector shaft is provided. The actuation unit can be an electromotive one electromagnetic and / or a pressure medium operated drive, such as for example, provide a hydraulic unit.  

Corresponding gears according to the invention can also be used, for example, with a Four-speed transmission with reverse gear (four forward gears) or with one Six-speed gearbox with reverse gear (six forward speeds) without Limitation of generality.

To detect the transmission output speed, the speed of the shaft is a Speed sensor provided. To detect the transmission input speed, the An additional speed sensor can also be provided for the speed of the shaft his. A speed sensor is provided to detect the engine speed.

Another advantageous feature of the transmission is that a starter of the Drive motor can drive a shaft of the transmission. Likewise, it can an electric generator, such as an alternator. Especially It is advantageous if the starter and the generator are combined Electric machine, such as starter generator, is summarized.

The invention is a load switching or powershift transmission. The load switching is carried out in that the electric machine is connected to the output shaft by means of a coupling becomes.  

According to the invention, at least one clutch actuation actuator is provided, which, for example, the starting clutch or couplings for coupling the Electric machine operated.

The device according to the invention is particularly advantageous on the basis of simple gear structures and the small number of Actuators.

Advantages of this transmission are: high shifting comfort due to the uninterrupted power switching, short overall length due to partial elimination of synchronizations, light weight, high Efficiency.

The powershift transmission is a countershaft transmission with spur gears. A Friction clutch between motor and input shaft serves as Starting clutch. A spring / damper system is preferably in the Integrated clutch disc.

The idler gears can be on the input shaft or countershaft with this be arranged connectable via couplings or sliding sleeves. The Idler gears can be connected to the shaft by means of clutches; Sliding sleeves connect the countershaft to the idler gears for example dog clutches. The positive clutch of gear 1  or R can be combined with a friction clutch, such as synchronization, see the synchronizer ring for gear 1 and R. The clutches are through actuated at least one actuating actuator.

The system also includes an electronic control unit Microprocessor for electronic control of the transmission, one Speed detection, an electronic throttle control or Engine filling and an electronic engine control system for the Internal combustion engine, a manually operable element for gear selection, such as Levers, switches or the like for manual and / or automated Gear selection, an indicator in the vehicle interior to indicate gear.

An electric machine, which as a starter, generator and possibly as Retarter and additional drive can be used can continue to be advantageous be provided.

A low gear (gear 1 or 2) is in the transmission for a starting process inserted. The starting clutch closes when the Actuating actuator, while the engine is operating under accelerator pedal torque builds up to accelerate the vehicle. The starting process is completed when the starting clutch is stuck. The engine torque is now over the closed clutch and the engaged gear on the Output shaft transmitted.  

The switching process is in any case by the driver's switching request or the automatic control.

The couplings can advantageously be designed as one of the following couplings:

• - Wet clutch
• - Dry clutch
• - Disc clutch
• - Cone clutch with conical / conical friction surface / s
• - a friction surface
• - two friction surfaces
• - multiple friction surfaces (such as multi-plate clutch)

The couplings or sliding sleeves for connecting the idler gears to the shaft can advantageously be designed as follows:

• - positive coupling, such as claw coupling,
• - friction clutch

It is special to optimize the efficiency of the transmission advantageous if the couplings or sliding sleeves for connecting  Shaft and idler gear essentially without additional external Keep energy expenditure closed. In this regard, form-fitting Couplings are used. To a friction clutch without Keeping energy expenditure closed can be advantageous energy-storing elements, such as springs, can be provided, that press the friction surfaces against each other. You can also Wedge gears or spring-loaded friction clutches can be used.

The interlocking of the positive connection in positive couplings can be designed differently, such as: smooth with rounding, convex Claw, Berliet claw or deflection claw.

It may be advantageous to use first and / or reverse gear Equip synchronization with synchronization rings. In another Embodiment, it may be useful if at least some Gears are equipped with synchronization with synchronization rings.

The idler gears and clutches can be used in gearboxes with countershafts be arranged differently. The idler gear of every gear can be arranged either on the input shaft or on the countershaft. This means that the powershift clutch can also be used in different ways Embodiments arranged on one or the other shaft his.  

The transmission can be designed such that it, for example, as Four-speed gearbox, five-speed gearbox or also six-speed gearbox or as another multi-speed gearbox is formed.

An advantageous embodiment of the inventive transmission can advantageously be arranged in a front-transverse arrangement in the vehicle. On another embodiment can be an advantageous front-to-side arrangement provide for other advantageous drive train structures is predictable.

The actuation actuators can be in different exemplary embodiments advantageous with electric motors with a rotary output movement an output element, electric motors with linear output movement, such as linear magnet, hydraulic rotary actuators (such as e.g. gear pump, vane pump, etc.), hydraulic Linear actuators (such as piston / cylinder units etc.), pneumatic rotary actuators (Vane pump, etc.), pneumatic linear actuators (pistons, etc.), piezoelectric actuators, and thermomechanical actuators.

Between the motors and the actuators, the Actuating actuator have gearboxes, such as mechanical gearboxes of the following type: lever, wedge, cam gear,  Spindle, worm, spur gear, planetary gear set, etc., hydraulic gear, pneumatic gears (master / slave cylinders or general Pressure transmission.

For the articulation of the controlled element, depending on Embodiment one of the following forms of the transmission path can be used advantageously. Adjustable or self-adjusting Transmission lines can be used like mechanical lines such as lever, cable, rod, slide, wedge, cam mechanism etc., hydrostatic section, like master cylinder with / without Sniffer drilling, hydrodynamic section, pneumatic section.

The actuation actuators for actuating the gear change and selection the subsequent gear can also be done by intermediate gears be summarized. So it is possible to shift more gear pairs than Actuators are given. Examples of this are corresponding transfer cases of the H circuit diagram or a shift drum, which has any number of gears an actuator switches.

The clutch, such as starting clutch, or other clutches can be used as conventional push or pull clutch formed by a spring preload of an energy accumulator in a non-actuated State of the energy accumulator is kept indented. Furthermore, the  Clutch be a reduced-power, self-adjusting clutch that one Wear, for example, of the friction linings is automatically compensated. The coupling can in a further embodiment also a clutch be actuated by the actuator at least partially or with a partial force must be so that it is indented.

A torsional vibration damper in the drive train is advantageous for example with a spring-damper unit between start-up / Clutch and engine. This damper can be in the clutch disc or be integrated into a dual mass flywheel.

The sensors, such as speed sensors, detect the engine speed and gears. The output speed also from the wheel speeds can be calculated back. Furthermore, it can be useful if a Speed sensor is arranged on the input shaft.

Furthermore, the transmission of a motor vehicle according to the invention can also include according to the invention:

• - control unit with microprocessor with signal processing, electronics, Control logic, signal amplifiers, data bus systems etc.
• - Display systems such as warning lamps, warning sounders, gear indicators etc.
• - Control element such as shift knob, switch, etc.  
• - Programs with a choice of: Automatic, manual Gear selection, winter, sport, driver identification etc.
• - Electronic engine control with electronic fuel control, such as E-gas, on the internal combustion engine (electric motor, electronic, etc.)
• - sensors for detection of engine speed, wheel speed, Door opening detection, hood opening detection, etc.
• - Data and control signal communication between the transmission control unit and Engine control unit of the internal combustion engine.

In the case of a transmission mentioned above, an electrical machine, such as a starter, like starter, generator, like alternator, starter generator, Integrate retarter / additional drive. This is advantageously a Electrical machine fulfills the following functions, such as starting the Internal combustion engine and generation of electrical current for the electrical system of the motor vehicle and optionally as an electric brake Energy recovery, whereby excess electrical energy is returned to the Drive is fed. The electric machine can also be advantageous for Synchronization of the gear can support and can also be used advantageously to the input shaft when the vehicle is stationary of the gearbox to zero speed. This can be done in individual Embodiments synchronizer rings can be saved. Also around Smoothing torque drops during switching phases is the  Electric machine can advantageously be controlled in a targeted manner in these phases To provide torque.

The starting process can be carried out in two ways. Either the electric machine accelerates the internal combustion engine directly, or the electric machine is first driven alone and then drives starting from the higher speed the internal combustion engine because for example, a friction clutch was closed. Such an engine start lends itself to the start-up clutch after the electric machine accelerated the input shaft of the transmission.

In the transmissions according to the invention, the full power is, for example Electric machine on the drive train or on the output shaft or on the Gearbox input shaft switchable. In other operating conditions of the However, it can also suffice to use part of the full power of the transmission Switch electric machine to the input or output shaft.

The electric machine can act on the input shaft of the gearbox to: Starting the drive motor to generate electrical energy kinetic energy of the engine or the gearbox, to recuperate Energy to reduce the speed of the electrical machine (Translation change for the electrical machine between input and  Output shaft), for starting with the electric machine as drive motor for the vehicle, for boosting with the electric machine as an additional Drive source next to the vehicle internal combustion engine, for reverse drive.

The electric machine can be switched to the output shaft of the transmission to: Filling the interruption in traction during a switching operation of the transmission, in which, for example, the input side Starting clutch is at least partially opened to generate electrical energy from the kinetic energy of the engine or the transmission, to recuperate energy to increase the speed at the electric machine reduce (change in translation for the electrical machine between the input and output shaft), for starting with the electric machine as Drive motor for the vehicle, for boosting with the electric machine as additional drive source in addition to the vehicle internal combustion engine, for drive backwards.

Advantageous design variants are as follows:

The electric machine acts on a gear set in a gear

• - The electric machine acts on the gear on the input shaft
• - The electric machine acts on the gear wheel on the output shaft
• - The electric machine acts on the reverse gear set

The clutches of the wheel set with the electric machine can advantageously be designed as follows:

• - Positive or friction clutch on gear on input shaft
• - Positive or friction clutch on gear on output shaft

A friction clutch can be attached to a gear on the input shaft are used as a starting clutch.

The actuators can advantageously be designed as follows:

• - electrically operated, pressure medium operated, such as hydraulic or pneumatic.

Multiple actuation of an actuator of clutches can be advantageous of the wheel set with electric machine or all shifting elements (shift drum, Central switching shaft).

A transmission between the electric machine and the gear set is advantageously designed as follows:

• - direct (coaxial)
• - with constant gear ratio / reduction with idler gear
• - with constant gear ratio / reduction with gear stage
• - with a continuously variable transmission
• - With a gearbox that can be switched in stages.

The transmission according to the invention described below is used to drive a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine or another drive motor. The functions can:

• 1. Driving with internal combustion engine drive (fixed translation)
• 2. Driving with combustion engine. Drive (translation via electric motor regulated)
• 3. Support of the internal combustion engine by means of an electric machine
• 4. Energy recovery by means of a generator Electric machine
• 5. Regeneration of braking energy by means of a generator Electric machine
• 6. Driving with electric motor drive (forward / reverse)
• 7. Starting the internal combustion engine (with the vehicle stationary and moving)
• 8. Bridging the traction interruption of the gearbox by means of Electric machine
• 9. Damping of the drive train vibrations on the output side

be carried out.

An estimate for a vehicle for the translations and the Power requirement of the electric machine results in a minimum requirement Nominal output of approx. 2 to 20 kW, advantageous in the range of 10 kW Short-term overload capability of the electrical machine. If the electromotive Driving operation should be comparable to internal combustion engine driving  and Z. B. the first translation stage by electrically controlled translation to be replaced, it is appropriate if a nominal power in the range of approx. 35 kW can be provided.

Strukureller structure of the load-shifting transmission, see Fig. 3 to Fig. 12. An internal combustion engine drives, via a clutch to the drive shaft of a gearbox. The input and output shafts of the manual transmission with at least 2 gears are each connected to a shaft of a superposition gear, possibly via additional, positive gears. The shaft of the superposition gear, which is connected to the output shaft of the manual transmission, forms the output of the gear arrangement. The third shaft of the superimposition gearbox is connected to an electric machine (possibly via a further, inevitable gearbox).

The actuators are automated and controlled by one Transmission control, which may also control the Electric machine takes over. However, this can also be from one of them separate control unit.

1. Driving with internal combustion engine drive (fixed translation)

When driving with a combustion engine drive (the combustion engine leads power to and from the drive train) is the starting clutch closed and a gear of the gearbox engaged. That makes two Waves of the superposition gear a speed ratio from the outside  imprinted. The speed ratio of the input and output shaft of the Manual transmission is not affected by the superposition gear. That is, with regard to driving with an internal combustion engine, there is no Change compared to an ordinary manual transmission. By that of Imprinted speed ratio of two shafts of the Superposition gear results for the electric machine via the third Shaft of the superposition gear a constant translation to the output.

2. Driving with combustion engine. Drive (translation via electric motor regulated)

When driving with internal combustion engine drive, closed Starting clutch and open clutches can be the translation of the Superposition gear from web to sun gear, which is rigid with the output connected, via the speed of the electric motor (identical to or proportional to the speed of the sun gear).

It is therefore possible to have a specific gear ratio from gear input to Realize output and to replace a wheel set with clutch. It is conceivable, for example, the translation of the 1st gear of the manual transmission by means of this operating mode and the wheelset with clutch to be dropped. It is also advantageous to close the start-up process influence, by the transmission of the transmission from the transmission input to Output is controlled by the speed of the electric motor, so that even that Starting with the starting clutch closed would be possible.  

3. Support of the internal combustion engine by means of an electric machine

As for the electric machine, as stated under 1., when the Gear of the manual gearbox gives a constant transmission ratio to the output, the electric machine can supply power to the drive train and thus the Support the internal combustion engine.

4. Energy recovery by means of a generator Electric machine

As for the electric machine, as stated under 1., when the Gear of the manual gearbox gives a constant transmission ratio to the output, the electric machine can dissipate power to the drive train and thus the Charge the battery.

5. Feedback of kinetic energy by means of an electric machine generator

As for the electric machine, as stated under 1., when the Gear of the manual gearbox gives a constant transmission ratio to the output, the electric machine can dissipate power to the drive train and into the Feed back the battery. The internal combustion engine can act as a brake operated or operated with the starting clutch open or be switched off.

6. Driving with electric motor drive (forward / reverse)

As for the electric machine, as stated under 1., when the Gear of the manual gearbox gives a constant transmission ratio to the output, the electric machine can supply power to the drive train and thus opened starting clutch without internal combustion engine operation enable. This operation can be useful for stop-and-go driving, as well the reverse gear of the manual transmission can be omitted and by pure electric drive to be replaced. The clutches can also purely electric drive switched from one gear to another to adjust the electric motor torque to the speeds.

Driving with an electric motor drive is also possible by the Combustion engine is stopped and the branch of the Superposition gear, which inevitably with the transmission input shaft is connected, is supported on the compression torque of the internal combustion engine. This can be the case with internal combustion engines with freely controllable valves be increased so that all valves are closed.

7. Starting the internal combustion engine 7.1 Starting with the vehicle stationary

When the manual transmission is in neutral and the output of the transmission is blocked by operating the service brake, the one with the Output shaft of the gearbox connected shaft of the Superposition gear non-rotatable relative to the housing. So that results a fixed one for the other two shafts of the superposition gear Speed ratio based on the number of teeth. When closed  The electric machine can be used to start the clutch Start internal combustion engine. For the operation of the vehicle means this means that the starter release is only given when the service brake is applied. It is advantageous if the service brake is applied via a brake control unit granted starter release is only released when the starting clutch after the internal combustion engine has started.

7.2 Starting with the vehicle moving

The vehicle is powered by electricity or in generator mode driven and the internal combustion engine has not yet started or switched off. In these cases, the vehicle moves without the Internal combustion engine is running.

If an acceleration request (load lever position or accelerator pedal position) is present, the internal combustion engine should be started without disadvantages in Driving comfort.

There are three driving states

• a) The output speed is high enough so that when the gear is engaged a transmission input speed results, which for driving the Internal combustion engine is sufficient
• b) The output speed is too low, so that when a gear is engaged Transmission input speed results that are not at the start of the Internal combustion engine is sufficient  
• c) The output speed is just so high that when the gear is engaged gives a transmission input speed that at the start, but not at Operation of the internal combustion engine is sufficient

In case a), the starting clutch is closed and the Internal combustion engine accelerated by the flywheel mass of the vehicle. The because of the braking torque when starting the internal combustion engine lack of traction on the output is applied by the electric machine, so that driving comfort is not affected.

In case b) the vehicle is first accelerated with the electric machine, that the transmission input speed with gear engaged for driving the Internal combustion engine is sufficient if the acceleration request (load lever) is not withdrawn. Is there a more extensive If you want to accelerate, the procedure is explained as under a), applied.

In case c) there are two options:

• 1. The internal combustion engine is started as described under a). Since the Transmission input speed below the lowest operating speed of the Internal combustion engine, the starting clutch is opened again, if necessary on another gear engaged and then like the combustion engine Operation started.
• 2. the procedure outlined under b) is used.

The influence of the braking torque of the internal combustion engine when starting the vehicle can be influenced via the gear engaged.  

It is also conceivable that in internal combustion engines with freely controllable Valves the braking torque when starting by staggered starting the cylinder is decreased.

7.3 Operating strategy with start-stop function

From the above Procedure for starting the internal combustion engine an operating strategy for start-stop Build function.

8. Bridging the traction interruption of the gearbox by means of Electric machine

When driving with a combustion engine drive (the combustion engine leads power to the drive train) it occurs during the switching operations of the gearbox to interrupt the tractive force, since the positive locking Clutches must be lifted. Especially at Train upshifts are relevant to comfort interruption. The The internal combustion engine must be at a different speed (when shifting up to a lower speed) are brought so that the new gear smoothly can be inserted.

The first option is to close the starting clutch hold and bring the gearbox into neutral. The speed of the with the Gearbox output shaft connected to the superposition gearbox is via the Given vehicle speed. Now the kinetic energy of the  Motors fed into the drive train or into the electric machine until the target speed in the new gear is reached.

This is the speed of the shaft of the superposition gear, which with the Electric machine is connected and the power supplied and discharged via it regulated in such a way that the power flow from the with the transmission input and the shaft of the superposition gear connected to the internal combustion engine Output of the gearbox (or vice versa) takes place, whereby the kinetic Energy of the internal combustion engine is consumed (or increased) and it is in its speed drops (or is increased) until the target speed is reached. Then the new gear can be engaged and the normal one combustion engine operation to be resumed.

Another option is to open the starting clutch, the Clutch clutch of the old gear closed to adhere to the traction is applied via the electric motor. If the internal combustion engine through Friction has dropped to the target speed in the new gear, the Clutch of the old gear opened and that of the new gear closed.

9. Damping of vibrations on the output side

Switching and engaging processes can cause vibrations of - from Manual gearbox seen - part of the drive train on the output side (Side waves, etc.).

In the operating states in which a clutch is closed the electric machine is connected to the output with a fixed ratio.  

If the electric machine has a rotor position detection or in the transmission system sensors are present, the rotational irregularities can recognize the output shaft, the electric machine can can be controlled that an active vibration damping takes place.

Transmission control

The powertrain concept provides that the starting clutch is actuated and the manual transmission take place automatically. Control takes over Coordination and regulation of the electric machine. The control communicates with other vehicle control units, e.g. B. via CAN bus.

Higher-level controls, combination with other automated ones Systems

The transmission control can be used with other controls, e.g. B. Internal combustion engine control and brake control system (e.g. electrical Brake), to recuperate kinetic energy. The Specification of the operating mode and the gear specification can be from a higher-level Powertrain control coming.

Elimination of the pulley level
In combination with

• - electromotive power steering
• - Electromotive cooling water pump  
• - If necessary, further electrified units

the belt pulley level can be omitted completely, whereby the Internal combustion engine becomes less friction.

Electric machine

The electric machine must be operated both as a motor and as a generator and the moment - within the performance limit - by means of Voltage control can be set as independently as possible from the rotor speed be so that the desired operating point via a suitable control can be set in the map (field weakening). Is cheap also a high short-term overload capacity, since the operating modes start and traction interruption only bridging high performance for a short time are needed.

If the reverse gear of the manual transmission by purely electrical operation to be replaced, the electric machine must be used for both directions of rotation be suitable and the power electronics provide the necessary control realize.

Suitable are externally excited electrical machine types such as reluctance machines, Asynchronous motor, EC motor, DC shunt machine and possibly also synchronous and stepper motors. The control of the electric machine should enable useful braking.

Temporary storage of electrical energy

The electrical energy that occurs when the electrical machine is operating as a generator is generated, is stored in a suitable storage medium. The Storage medium can be a battery or a fuel cell.

Rough estimate of the necessary electrical machine size

The necessary electrical machine performance depends on the characteristic curve respective gear ratio to the output and the operating speed. For the Different operating modes are the translation to the output and the Operating speed different.

So the output takes place when driving by electric motor Output side of the gearbox, towards the combustion engine when starting.

Table 1 shows the data base of a compact vehicle, the speed, Examples of torque and power values for the specified ones Translations specified. Since the dynamics were not taken into account additions to the performance values calculated in Table 1 for To make self-acceleration. The result is:  

Basic equations of the gear arrangement Speed equation of the superposition gear

n ₁

-n _2nd

i ₁₂

-n _s

(1-i ₁₂

) = 0 (1)

Torque balance on the superposition gear

M ₁

+ M ₂

+ M ₃

= 0 (2)

Torque distribution with the clutch engaged

M _SK = M _Last + M ₂ + M _S (4)

Torque ratio on the superposition gear when the gearbox is open Clutches

M _S

= -M ₁

(1-i ₁₂

) (5)

M ₂ = -M ₁ i ₁₂ (6)

Current account (lossless)

M ₁

2πn ₁

+ M ₂

2πn ₂

+ M _S

2πn _S

= 0 (7)

The basic equations can be used for the respective operating mode to formulate, using certain sizes as default values are highlighted in gray in Table 1.

1. Estimation for operating modes 1, 3, 4 and 5

Since the electric machine, as stated above, has a constant gear ratio to the output when the gearbox is in gear, the electric machine can supply or dissipate power to the drive train. The required electrical machine output is the maximum of the operating modes

• - Driving with a combustion engine drive
• - Support of the internal combustion engine by means of an electric machine
• - Energy recovery by means of a generator Electric machine
• - Regeneration of braking energy by means of a generator Electric machine

2. Driving with drive by electric motor (operating mode 6)

For driving with an electric motor drive (forward / reverse) is the Performance requirement combined with the required mileage. Become only required mileage that corresponds to the partial load operation of the Internal combustion engine (e.g. 1/3 max. Torque), so is one Machine power of approx. 15 kW is sufficient. Short term are also higher Power values possible, so that purely electrical start-up with comparable Vehicle acceleration is possible.

3.1 Starting the combustion engine when the vehicle is stationary (operating mode 7)

For the electric machine, as stated above, this results when the machine is inserted Gear of the gearbox has a constant gear ratio Transmission input shaft, which represents the output in this operating mode. For the Starting a diesel engine is about 150 Nm and one moment Speed of 200 rpm required. The resulting speed of the Electric machine is comparatively low, so the associated power is also low. However, the maximum performance value must be considered the entire characteristic curve, so that the electrical machine output is significantly above must be the value specified in the table. There is also a surcharge to be taken into account for self-acceleration. Because the performance at The starting process only has to be made available for a short time Electrical machine overloaded for a short time, if the machine type allows it.  

Under these conditions and the specified translations is therefore an electric machine with approx. 10 kW power is required.

With smaller gasoline engines, the starting torque is lower, so that one Electric machine with less power is sufficient.

3.2 Starting the combustion engine with the vehicle moving

The vehicle deceleration, which is caused by the braking torque when starting the engine would result in Electrical machine power can be intercepted. Depending on that Various gear values are necessary for this. High power values are required for a short time, so that a Machine power of approx. 15 kW is to be estimated.

4. Estimation for operating mode 8: bridge traction interruption

In the case of upshifts, the kinetic energy of the internal combustion engine should be on the downforce are transmitted (or vice versa) and in this way the Internal combustion engine synchronized to the target speed in the new gear so that a smooth shifting of the clutches is possible. This shows that the electric machine can brake to the Braking the internal combustion engine.

Since the traction is maintained by means of the electric machine, the Synchronization time of minor importance. For the example in the The table was assumed to be approx. 2.5 s.  

Variants for connecting the electric machine to the input and output shafts of the gearbox via a superposition gear (and, if necessary, intermediate gearboxes): (sun gear 1 = pinion, sun gear 2 = ring gear)

The rotor of the electric machine can be concentric

• - to the input shaft of the gearbox,  
• - to the output shaft of the gearbox or
• - to an additional wave

be arranged.

Fig. 13 shows a schematic representation of a motor vehicle according to the invention. 200 shows the drive motor or internal combustion engine, 201 the controllable valves of the engine, 202 the throttle valve with actuators for actuating it, 203 the injection system, 204 the catalytic converter (exhaust gas) with lambda probe and possibly temperature sensor for detecting the catalytic converter temperature, 205 speed sensor for detecting the Engine speed, 210 clutch, 211 clutch actuator, 212 actuation with gear ratio, 220 gearbox, 221 input shaft and 222 output shaft of the gearbox, 223 clutches, 224 clutch for the input shaft, 225 gear set with electric machine, 226 electric machine, 227 gear ratio to electric machine, 228 speed sensor of the electric machine, 240 gear actuators, 241 actuator for gear shift 1 to the input shaft, 242 actuator for gear shift 1 to the output shaft and reverse gear, 243 actuator for gear shift 2 and 3 , 244 actuator for gear shift 4 and 5, 250 drive train, 251 brake, 252 differential, 253 speed sensor, 254 drive wheel, 260 battery, (chemical storage), 261 supercap (capacitive storage), 270 manual control element for driver, 271 clutch pedal, 272 accelerator pedal, 273 air conditioning compressor, 280 overall control with electronic control unit, 281 control for the engine with power electronics, 282 control of the clutch actuator with power electronics, 283 Control of the gearbox actuator with power electronics, 284 Control of the electric machine with power electronics, 285 Control ABS with power electronics, 286 Control battery with power electronics, 290 signal lines / bus (CAN bus), 291 power flow

Figures 14a, 14b, 15a, 15b, 16a and 16b are diagrams showing a train upshift with electric machine. This results in a reduced interruption of traction.

In the following, the switching process of a (2 → 3) train upshift under Use of an electric machine that affects downforce is discussed. Speed and Moments are presented and explained. The basic idea of The use of the electric machine consists of filling the Traction power interruption during the gear change phases. There will be three comparable shift strategies described the phases of the gear shift.

Area a

State before switching. The clutch of the current gear transmits with the translation of the second gear step the engine torque to the output. The electric machine is provided the clutch between the electric machine and output is closed, directly with the output via the gear stage of the first gear connected. However, it does not transmit anything in this phase Moment on the downforce. Is the clutch between the electric machine and  Output is still open in this phase (variant C), so the Electric machine accelerated to synchronous speed and then the Switching clutch between output and electric machine closed.

Area b

The switching process is initiated by moving the electric machine over the first Gear stage transmits torque to the output clutch to the clutch to relieve current gangs. The clutch torque is at zero dismantled, it can be opened and the synchronization process can kick off. The crucial point here is the freedom of moments of the current clutch. This can only be realized if the Electric machine at through the gear ratio and Vehicle speed determined the speed of the internal combustion engine transmitted moment. Because the electric machine usually do not transfer the full power of the internal combustion engine to the output one possible strategy is that moment of Internal combustion engine in this phase to the maximum torque Electrical machine to reduce the torque of the clutch to ensure (variant B).

Area c

The synchronization of the internal combustion engine is implemented in this phase. The engine is put into overrun condition and brakes with it Available drag torque itself and the transmission input shaft from. In this phase, the electric motor is connected to the output and provides  the output torque is available. Depending on the driver's desired torque and the performance class of the electric machine is one in this phase Traction reduction expected. A complete interruption in traction remains however out.

Area d

When the synchronous speed of the new gear step is reached, the Shift clutch SK3 of the third gear closed. The regulation of engine and the associated transmission input speed can by the Control of the engine torque take place. To be non-reactive Closing the clutch must ensure speed equality (Synchronous speed of the new gear to be engaged) and freedom from torque (no acceleration of the transmission input shaft if the Clutch is closed). Then the moment of Electric machine reduced to zero and the motor torque accordingly Driver request torque raised.

Area e

Condition after switching. The internal combustion engine transmits that Engine torque via the third gear stage to the downforce. If necessary the electric machine (electric machine) by opening its clutch be separated from the output.

The claims submitted with the application are drafted strikes without prejudice for obtaining further patent protection. The  The applicant reserves the right to do so, so far only in the description and / or to claim disclosed features.

Relationships used in subclaims point to the others Training the subject of the main claim by the features of respective subclaim; they are not a waiver of attainment an independent, objective protection for the characteristics of the return to understand related subclaims.

However, the subjects of these subclaims also form independent ones Inventions that are one of the items of the previous sub have independent design.

The invention is also not based on the embodiment (s) of the description exercise limited. Rather, there are numerous variations within the scope of the invention Rations and modifications possible, especially such variants, elements and combinations and / or materials, for example by combination or modification of individual in connection with that in general Description and embodiments and the claims described and features or elements or method contained in the drawings steps are inventive and can be combined to create a new one Subject or new process steps or process step sequences lead, also insofar as they relate to manufacturing, testing and working processes.

Claims (109)

1. motor vehicle, in particular with at least one drive device, in particular an internal combustion engine, for generating a Input variable, in particular an input torque, and with at least one output shaft on which an output variable, in particular an output speed is transferable. 2. Motor vehicle, in particular with at least one drive device, in particular an internal combustion engine, for generating a Input variable, in particular for generating a Input torque, and with at least one output shaft on the an output variable, in particular an output speed, can be transmitted with at least one superposition drive device, of which in particular essentially the ratio of the input variable can be influenced to the output variable. 3. Motor vehicle, in particular according to claim 2, characterized characterized in that the ratio of input variable to Output variable can be influenced controlled, in particular adjustable.   4. Motor vehicle, in particular with at least one drive device, in particular an internal combustion engine, for generating a Input variable, in particular an input torque, and with at least one output shaft on which an output variable, in particular an output speed is transferable, and with at least a superposition drive device, of which essentially at least one of the marginal sizes can be influenced, one Edge size in particular an input size or a Initial size is. 5. Motor vehicle, in particular according to claim 4, characterized characterized in that the at least one drive device is controlled can be influenced. 6. Motor vehicle, in particular with at least one drive device, in particular with an internal combustion engine, for generating at least an input variable, in particular an input torque, and with at least one output shaft on which an output variable, in particular an output speed is transferable, and with at least part of a planetary gear that at least at times and at least partially between the first Drive device and the output shaft is arranged, wherein at least one essentially rotatably arranged element of the planetary gear with a second drive device for  Generation of a second input variable, in particular a second one Input torque. 7. Motor vehicle, in particular with at least one drive device, in particular an internal combustion engine, for generating a Input variable, in particular an input torque, and at least one output shaft on which an output variable, in particular an output speed is transferable, with at least a first transmission device which is arranged in the drive train, and with at least a part of a planetary gear that up to three Groups of wheels, especially gears, has which has a group of planet gears, a second of which Group has a sun gear, and a third group of which one Has ring gear, the planet gears at least temporarily rotate at a web speed around the central axis of the sun gears and wherein the planetary gear is substantially parallel to the first Gear device is arranged and wherein at least one speed of the planetary gear essentially at least a speed of the speeds occurring at the first transmission device corresponds, with those occurring at the first transmission device Speeds in particular the input speed and the Output speed of the first transmission device comprises.   8. Motor vehicle, in particular according to claim 7, characterized characterized in that at least one speed of the first Gear device, in particular the input speed and the Output speed includes, from the superposition gear can be influenced in particular in the planetary gear. 9. Motor vehicle, in particular with at least one drive device, in particular an internal combustion engine, for generating a Input variable, in particular an input torque, and with at least one output shaft on which an output variable, in particular an output speed is transferable, the Drive train of the motor vehicle at least two connected in parallel Has partial drive trains. 10. Motor vehicle, in particular according to claim 9, characterized characterized in that in at least two of the two connected in parallel Partial strands of the drive train each have a transmission device, in particular a transmission device with variable transmission ratio, is arranged. 11. Motor vehicle, in particular according to claim 10, characterized characterized in that at least one of the transmission devices Planetary gear has.   12. Motor vehicle, in particular with at least one drive device, in particular an internal combustion engine for generating a Input variable, in particular an input torque, and at least one output shaft on which an output variable, in particular an output speed is transferable, and with at least two drive devices, in particular an internal combustion engine and an electric machine that is used to generate an output speed are coordinated with each other in a controlled manner. 13. Motor vehicle, in particular with at least one drive device, in particular an internal combustion engine for generating a Input variable, in particular an input speed, and with at least one output shaft on which an output variable, in particular an output speed is transferable, and with at least an energy storage device, with the drive device the drivetrain can be supplied with energy and where from the Energy storage device storable energy the drive train is removable. 14. Motor vehicle, in particular according to claim 13, characterized characterized in that the energy storage device Generator device is. 15. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 13 and 14, characterized in that in the energy storage device  stored energy at least temporarily in the drive train is traceable. 16. Motor vehicle, in particular with at least one drive device, in particular an internal combustion engine, for generating a Input variable, in particular an input torque, and at least one output shaft on which an output variable, in particular an output speed is transferable and with at least an electric machine, this electric machine at least is temporarily operable by motor and at least temporarily can be operated as a generator. 17. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims with at least a first device for driving the Motor vehicle and with at least one second drive device for driving the motor vehicle, these drive devices can be operated simultaneously at least at times. 18. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, with at least a first drive device for Driving the motor vehicle and at least one second drive device for driving the motor vehicle, at least At times one of these drive devices can be deactivated while at least one second drive device can be activated at the same time.   19. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that at least one of the Drive devices is an electric machine. 20. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that at least a first Drive device and at least one second drive device in Series are connected. 21. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that at least a first Drive device and at least one second drive device are connected in parallel. 22. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that in the drive train between the internal combustion engine and the differential at least a first Gear device and at least one second gear device is arranged. 23. Motor vehicle, in particular according to claim 22, characterized characterized in that the at least one first gear device and the at least one second gear device each with at least two different translations is adjustable.   24. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 22 and 23, characterized in that the first and the second Gear device is connected in series. 25. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that at least a first and at least a second gear device are connected in parallel. 26. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that at least one of the Gear devices a wheel gear, in particular a Gear transmission, is. 27. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that at least one of the Gear devices has a planetary gear. 28. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 22 to 27, characterized in that at least one of the Gear devices can be actuated via a clutch. 29. Motor vehicle, in particular according to claim 28, characterized characterized in that the at least one clutch essentially around a wave, especially concentric around a wave, is arranged.   30. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 22 to 29, characterized in that the first gear means has externally toothed spur gear and the second Gear device has a planetary gear. 31. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 27 to 30, characterized in that the sun gear of the planetary gear is coupled with a drive-side shaft essentially in a rotationally fixed manner. 32. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 27 to 31, characterized in that the sun gear of the planetary gear essentially rotatable relative to a drive shaft is arranged, in particular rotatable on a drive side Shaft is mounted. 33. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 27 to 32, characterized in that the sun gear of the planetary gear is coupled in a substantially rotationally fixed manner to an output shaft. 34. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 27 to 33, characterized in that the sun gear of the planetary gear compared to at least one output shaft is rotatably arranged, in particular on an output side Shaft is rotatably mounted substantially.   35. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 27 to 34, characterized in that the web of the planetary gear with at least one drive shaft is rotatably coupled. 36. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 26 to 35, characterized in that the web of the planetary gear in is essentially rotatably coupled to an output shaft. 37. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 26 to 36, characterized in that the web of the planetary gear over at least one gear stage, in particular via at least one Gear stage, at least temporarily with a drive shaft is coupled. 38. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 26 to 37, characterized in that the web of the planetary gear via a Gear stage, especially a gear stage, at least temporarily is coupled to at least one output shaft. 39. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 30 to 38, characterized in that the at least one non-rotatable Connection is releasable, especially via a coupling device is solvable.   40. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 26 to 39, characterized in that the ring gear of the planetary gear with at least one drive shaft at least temporarily non-rotatably is coupled. 41. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 26 to 40, characterized in that the ring gear of the planetary gear at least temporarily with at least one output shaft is rotatably coupled. 42. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 26 to 41, characterized in that the ring gear of the planetary gear in Torque flow between a moving device and one Arrangement of planet gears is arranged. 43. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 26 to 42, characterized in that the ring gear of the planetary gear at least temporarily with at least one electric machine at least is electromagnetically coupled. 44. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 26 to 43, characterized in that the ring gear of the planetary gear in is essentially coupled to a rotor.   45. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 26 to 44, characterized in that the ring gear of the planetary gear in is arranged essentially concentrically to a stator. 46. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 26 to 45, characterized in that the planetary gear on the Internal combustion engine side of the first transmission device is arranged. 47. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the planetary gear on the the side of the first side facing away from the internal combustion engine Gear device is arranged. 48. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding claims with at least one clutch, in particular with at least one Starting clutch, which is between the internal combustion engine and the Output shaft is arranged. 49. Motor vehicle, in particular according to claim 48, characterized characterized in that the second gear device, in particular that Planetary gear, on the side facing the internal combustion engine the clutch, in particular the starting clutch, is arranged.   50. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 48 and 49, characterized in that the second gear device, especially the planetary gear on which the internal combustion engine side of the clutch facing away, in particular the starting clutch, is arranged. 51. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 48 to 50, characterized in that the first gear device on the Internal combustion engine side of the clutch, in particular the starting clutch is arranged. 52. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 48 to 51, characterized in that the first gear device on the Side of the clutch facing away from the internal combustion engine, in particular the starting clutch is arranged. 53. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 48 to 52, characterized in that the first and the second Gear device on the same side of the clutch, in particular the starting clutch is arranged in the drive train. 54. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 48 to 53, characterized in that the first and the second Gear device on different sides of the clutch, especially the starting clutch, is arranged in the drive train.   55. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the sun gear of the Planetary gear and a gear coupling of the first Gear device for at least partially closing the Drive train are arranged on the same shaft. 56. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the sun gear of the Planetary gear and the gear coupling of the first Gear device for at least partially closing the Drive train in the area of the first transmission device different waves are arranged. 57. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that essentially on the internal combustion engine side of the first transmission device Transmission input shaft is arranged and the sun of the Planetary gearbox at least concentrically to the gearbox input shaft is arranged. 58. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the output shaft side of the first transmission device, a transmission output shaft is arranged and the sun gear of the planetary gear at least concentrically Transmission output shaft is arranged.   59. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 57 and 58, characterized in that the sun gear on the Transmission input shaft is arranged. 60. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 57 to 59, characterized in that the sun gear of the planetary gear is arranged on the transmission output shaft. 61. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the planetary gear at least one planet gear, in particular at least three Planet gears. 62. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding claims with at least one coupling device between the Internal combustion engine and the output shaft is arranged, the Coupling device, especially the starting clutch, one itself has adjusting clutch. 63. Motor vehicle, in particular according to claim 62, characterized characterized in that the self-adjusting clutch a force-controlled clutch is.   64. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 62 and 63, characterized in that the self-adjusting clutch a path-controlled clutch is. 65. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that at least one Transmission device, in particular the first transmission device Has step gear. 66. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the first gear device has a continuously variable transmission. 67. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the first gear device has an automatic transmission. 68. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the first gear device has a manual transmission. 69. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the first gear device an automated transmission, especially an automated one Manual transmission.   70. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding claims with at least one electronically controlled coupling device. 71. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that at least in the drive train a dual mass flywheel is arranged. 72. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that in the drive train Assembly is arranged, the at least one coupling device and includes at least one dual mass flywheel. 73. Motor vehicle, in particular according to claim 72, characterized characterized in that the coupling device and Dual mass flywheel are essentially screwed together. 74. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 72 and 73, characterized in that the dual mass flywheel and the Coupling device lying at least partially radially one inside the other are arranged. 75. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding claims with at least one device for generating a Reversal of the direction of rotation of the at least one output shaft.   76. Motor vehicle, in particular according to claim 75, characterized characterized in that the means for generating a Reversing the direction of rotation has at least one further clutch. 77. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 75 and 76, characterized in that the means for generating a Reversal of direction of rotation at least one gear device, in particular a gear device for reversing the direction of rotation, having. 78. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding claims with at least one control device, of which Control device at least one device from a group is controllable by facilities, this group in particular a Transmission clutch, an electric machine and a starting clutch includes. 79. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding claims with at least one first drive device, in particular one Internal combustion engine, and with at least a second Drive device, in particular an electric machine, wherein the Motor vehicle at least at times with a purely internal combustion engine Drive is movable.   80. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding claims with a first drive device, in particular one Internal combustion engine, and a second drive device, in particular an electric machine, the vehicle at least is temporarily movable with internal combustion engine drive and where the translation of a transmission device included in the motor vehicle is controllable by the electric machine. 81. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding claims with at least one first drive device, in particular one Internal combustion engine, and at least one second drive device, in particular an electric machine, the motor vehicle in essentially by at least partially simultaneous activation of the first drive device and the second drive device is movable. 82. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding claims with at least one first drive device, in particular one Internal combustion engine, and at least one second drive device, in particular an electric machine, the electric machine can be operated at least temporarily as a generator, so that energy is removed the drive train is regenerative. 83. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims in which braking energy can be fed back.   84. Motor vehicle, in particular according to claim 83, with at least one first drive device, in particular an internal combustion engine, and at least one second drive device, in particular one Electric machine in which the electric machine can be operated as a generator is and wherein braking energy by means of that operated as a generator Electric machine is regenerative. 85. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding claims with at least one first drive device, in particular one Internal combustion engine, and at least one second drive device, in particular an electric machine, the vehicle at least is temporarily movable with an electric motor drive. 86. Motor vehicle, in particular according to claim 85, thereby characterized in that the motor vehicle at least at times electromotive drive is movable in forward operation. 87. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 85 and 86, characterized in that the motor vehicle at least temporarily can be moved in reverse mode with an electric motor drive. 88. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding claims with at least one first drive device, in particular one Internal combustion engine, and at least one second drive device, in particular an electric machine, characterized in that the  Electric machine is at least partially arranged in the drive train and the internal combustion engine when the vehicle is stationary Electric machine can be started. 89. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding claims with at least one first drive device, in particular one Internal combustion engine, and at least one second drive device, in particular an electric machine, characterized in that the Internal combustion engine with the vehicle moving from the electric machine is occasionable. 90. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding claims with at least one first drive device, in particular one Internal combustion engine, and at least one second drive device, in particular an electric machine, characterized in that the Traction interruption of a manual transmission by means of Electric machine interruptible and / or reducible and / or is avoidable. 91. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding claims with at least one first drive device, in particular one Internal combustion engine, and at least one second drive device, in particular an electric machine, with the drive side Vibrations of the drive train at least partially from the Electric machine can be damped and / or isolated.   92. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding claims with at least one first drive device, in particular one Internal combustion engine, and at least one second drive device, in particular an electric machine, with the output side Vibrations at least partially dampened by the electric machine and / or can be isolated. 93. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the motor vehicle from the in Drive train arranged electric machine is crankable and an additional starter is also provided. 94. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding claims with at least one first drive device, in particular one Internal combustion engine, and at least one second drive device, in particular an electric machine, wherein by pressing the Electric machine that generated by the first drive device Direction of rotation of at least one output shaft is reversible. 95. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the electric machine is a is externally excited electric machine. 96. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the electric machine is a  Has device from a group of devices, these Group of devices in particular a reluctance machine, an asynchronous motor, an EC motor, a DC Shunt machine, a synchronous motor and a stepper motor having. 97. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the planet carrier as Deep-drawn stamped part is manufactured. 98. Motor vehicle, in particular according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the ring gear as Deep-drawn stamped part is manufactured. 99. motor vehicle, in particular with a drive device, characterized by its special mode of action and Design in accordance with the present registration documents. 100. Motor vehicle, in particular with at least one drive device, characterized by at least one feature from at least one of the preceding claims. 101. Motor vehicle, in particular with a drive device, characterized by the combination of at least two  Features at least one of the preceding claims come from. 102. Motor vehicle, in particular with at least one drive device, characterized by at least one feature according to the Description. 103. Motor vehicle, in particular with at least one drive device, characterized by the combination of at least one characteristic the description with at least one feature according to at least any of the preceding claims. 104. Motor vehicle, in particular with at least one drive device, characterized by at least one feature according to at least one Figure of this revelation. 105. Motor vehicle, in particular with at least one drive device, characterized by the combination of at least one characteristic according to the figures and / or at least one feature according to the Description and / or at least one feature according to at least a claim. 106. Motor vehicle, in particular with at least one drive device according to at least one individual feature according to the present Epiphany.   107. Motor vehicle according to at least two of the preceding claims. 108. Method for operating a motor vehicle with the steps

• 1. actuating an internal combustion engine at predetermined times according to a first characteristic; and
• 2. actuation of an electric machine according to a second characteristic at predetermined times,

wherein the drive movement of the vehicle depends on the intensity of the actuation of the internal combustion engine and on the intensity of the actuation of the electric machine. 109. Method for operating a motor vehicle with at least one first drive device, in particular an internal combustion engine, and at least one second drive device, in particular one Electric machine, with the step: operating the electric machine too predetermined times in the generator operation, wherein in regenerative operation energy is diverted from the drive train becomes.