DE19908631A1 - Loudspeaker arrangement e.g. for multipath loudspeaker system, has housing which has sphere and contains all components except subwoofer - Google Patents

Abstract

The arrangement has a housing which has a sphere and contains all components except the subwoofer. Sound transducers are arranged rotationally symmetrically with regard to the longitudinal axis which coincides with the main radiation direction. Wide parts of the transmission region are taken over from horn loudspeakers where both funnels go concentrically in each other and form a unit cylindrical molding.

Description

The invention relates to the arrangement of sound transducers in a multi-way speaker system, preferably for Funnel sound transducers, especially using Multiple single transducers.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the Radiation behavior of loudspeakers, both as Single speaker box as well as that in groups summarized stacks of several individual speaker boxes as a whole.

The invention achieves this aim by means of a rotationally symmetrical arrangement of all sound transducers around the Axis of the main emission direction of the speaker system, what with a redesign of horn transducers connected is. All in the speaker system Funnels are so integrated that both their Axes match as well theirs Funnel mouth openings are in the same plane. The inner funnel is expediently from next outer by a geometrically simple molded part, e.g. B. delimited a cylinder. The curve geometry of the outer funnel according to the invention Adjusted cross-section change through the molded part.

Furthermore, the invention provides for the newly gained interior Volume of the molded part for the introduction of a second Driver sound transducer to use for the outer funnel. Thus the outer funnel is placed on the funnel axis by two located driver sound transducer driven with their Face each other and radially into the funnel shine. To compensate for any limitations of the Transmission frequency response sees the invention Volume reducing body located between the two Driver sound transducers.  

It has an approximately lenticular shape and is by means of Fasteners that also comply with a defined distance between the driver transducers are provided attached.

The invention provides support walls for the best possible stability both between the molded part and the inner wall of the funnel before also inside the molded part to support the Driver horn transducer of the inner funnel.

The number of nested funnels is principally not limited. It is two funnels is a coaxial, with three funnels a triaxial Arrangement. Despite using multiple funnels for the different transmission frequency ranges are additional Sound transducer required. First, in the low-frequency Transmission range, because with increasing wavelength the Dimensions of the funnel are no longer manageable. To the others in the high-frequency transmission range, since the Beam angle of the horn transducer with increasing Frequency more and more narrowed down to values for the most applications are hardly sufficient.

The installation and integration of additional sound transducers leads to the desired success only if it makes precise reference to the respective requirements. The invention divides the distances to the listener into Areas near field, middle field and far field one and arranges orders for these areas Additional sound converter too.

The radiation directions of the additional sound transducers have one common intersection with the axis of the Main emission direction. For the sound reinforcement of the This intersection lies in the immediate vicinity within the housing of the speaker system for which in the middle, it is behind and for the long range he lies in front of it.

Due to the forward displacement of this Intersection creates a bundling effect that prevents the radiated sound energy from already  distributed in the near field and no longer for the far field is sufficient.

The situation in the lower frequency range is due to the longer wavelength less critical. Work the Additional speakers, however, up to the mid-range frequency-dependent bundling effects, especially when the speaker system is working in close range and should have a large beam angle. Arrange here the invention of these transducers in pairs opposite so that their sound radiation radially to the axis of movement of the loudspeaker diaphragm. The Sound is emitted through a narrow gap on the Surface of the speaker cabinet for a wide Sound scattering provides. If greater range is required, according to the invention, this gap is formed by a 360 ° funnel replaced, its radiation behavior in the near field by Auxiliary sound converter is expanded, which is located at the Surface of the housing in preferably spherical Shape. According to the two halves of the spherical housing rigid and firm but at the same time in their geometry changeable so that the shape of the all-round funnel transducer in between is changeable. By lowering on one side of the Funnel this is closed there and the Sound radiation blocked in this direction. So that's it possible to meet the contradicting requirements All-round radiation with simultaneous fading into one certain direction with a single speaker system to fulfill at once. The same applies to the Additional speakers. Will these be single - or grouped together - with different levels operated, the radiation profile of the Speaker system according to these levels.

If the speaker system is required to only to be emitted from the front, and both near and The invention sees to sound far field evenly well the integration of the additional sound transducers into the inside  of the outer funnel in different places different angles of inclination to the axis of the Main emission direction. The strongest after each internally inclined sound transducers cover the near field in one wide range, while the only slightly inclined Additional sound transducer the intersection of their Have radiation directions far in front of the speaker system and thus deliver enough energy in the far field. By careful coordination of the angles and levels of all Sound transducer becomes a smooth transition of the near field reached in the far field.

For the support of the horn transducers in the low frequency range, the invention uses that for Available volume behind the outer funnel for the operation of additional sound transducers in this Frequency range. For the purpose of compact construction, these are Sound transducer not flush with the front, but sunk somewhat placed behind the edge of the outer funnel. The sound to be emitted finds its way due to the geometric differences between funnel and housing. In their solutions, the invention assumes that remaining runtime differences between each Sound transducers are compensated electronically, which at the current state of the art none Difficulty or unreasonable additional costs. In the event that no such measure is desired According to the invention, the outer funnel is shortened and by one ring-shaped arrangement of driver sound transducers operated, which is on the same level as the Driver horn transducer of the inner funnel and the Auxiliary sound converter, at least that for the low-frequency Area.

The invention relates to the solution of the arrangement of Single transducers in a loudspeaker system and refers to the arrangement of speaker systems that as Loudspeakers in groups to form a stack are summarized with a.  

According to the speakers for the Close range arranged in a convex shape and for the Long range in concave form. The arrangement for the Middle range depends on the size of the field and can be of all shapes such as convex, straight, concave, included.

The advantages achieved with the invention are:

• - Generation of a homogeneous and coherent sound field
• - Extended radiation area from a single Speaker system
• - 360 ° all-round radiation from a funnel loudspeaker Beam area easily changeable, also during the Operating
• - Greater range
• - Compact design
• - High efficiency

Attention is drawn to the following known arrangements:
There are transducers where

• - the tweeter system, in the form of a tweeter dome, concentrically integrated in the low-mid-range transducer is
• - the tweeter system concentrically inside a low Mid-range sound transducer as a funnel sound transducer is carried out and the membrane of the deep Mid-range system as a funnel for the tweeter system is trained,
• - the tweeter system, be it a dome or a funnel, into the Middle, but in front of the diaphragm of the low-mid range, as independent unit is introduced. They are orders of transducers on the front of a loudspeaker box known where the transducers have a vertical line Dilden and the tweeter are at the center of this  Arrangement, and it is above and below is surrounded by a mid-range system. In addition, that can upper mid-range system from one above Bass system, and accordingly the lower mid-range system be surrounded by a bass system underneath.

Are the centers of the neighboring ones Sound transducer no more than half a wavelength of Crossover frequency apart, this is called Arrangement according to "d'Appolito".

There are arrangements of similar sound transducers the surface of a spherical speaker cabinet known that a within their transmission range Effect radiation on all sides.

In the following the invention with reference to drawings, the the various embodiments show. It demonstrate:

Fig. 1a-c is a longitudinal section, front and side view of a coaxial loudspeaker having convex funnel concentrically arranged additional speakers to the near-field region,

Fig. 2 is a side view of a variant of the loudspeaker of FIG. 1 for direct attachment to a wall or ceiling,

Fig. 3 is a side view of a radiant orthogonal to the longitudinal axis Nahfeldlautsprechers of FIG. 1, but without the funnel,

Fig. 4a, the front / side view of the loudspeaker of FIG. 3, but with a central round funnel transducers for greater ranges,

FIG. 4b, the front / side view of the loudspeaker according to Fig. 4a, addition funnel with a variable geometry,

Fig. 5a, b shows the longitudinal section and side view of a coaxial loudspeaker funnel with concave concentrically arranged additional speakers for the near and the far field region,

Fig. 6a, b the longitudinal section and side view of a coaxial cone loudspeaker having concave concentrically arranged additional speakers for the near and far field region shown in FIG. 6a, b, in which the main sound transducers are arranged in a plane,

Fig. 7 shows the arrangement of several loudspeakers (stacking) on a fly dishes in a concave shape for very long ranges,

Fig. 8 shows the arrangement of several speakers in a fly dishes in mixed concave / convex shape for distance and near-field region.

In Fig. 1a, the embodiment of a multi-way single speaker for use from the immediate vicinity is shown in longitudinal section. It consists of the housing 111 , which has a spherical or spherical shape and contains all components with the exception of the bass system (subwoofer). All sound transducers 130 to 136 are arranged rotationally symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis 110 , which corresponds to the main emission direction 100 . Large parts of the transmission range are taken over by the funnel loudspeakers 120 and 121 , the two funnels concentrically merging and forming a unit with the cylindrical molded part 112 . The mouth openings of both funnels 120 and 121 are in the same plane. While the high-mid-range horn 121 is controlled by a compact driver system 130 , the low-mid-range horn is controlled by two similar sound transducers 131 and 132 , which are arranged opposite one another and radiate radially into the cone 120 . The distance between the sound transducers 131 , 132 is determined by the length of the connecting elements 150 , which together with the support 116 give the shaped part 112 with funnel 121 support. This arrangement shifts the pressure chamber of the funnel 120 between the sound transducers 131 , 132 and enables a compact design. The volume reducing body 170 in the form of a lens or two spherical caps is located between the sound transducers 131 , 132 and ensures that the pressure chamber volume is reduced in order to achieve a wide transmission range. The sound converter 131 works on the inner volume 141 of the molded part 112 and sound converter 132 works on the inner volume 142 of the housing 113 . The volumes 141 and 142 are of equal size, which is achieved by the position of the intermediate wall 117 . The intermediate wall 117 simultaneously supports the driver system 130 and protects the funnel 121 from the sound of the sound converter 131 . The sound transducers 135 a-f have their own volumes 143 a-f, given by the housing 114 a-f.

The same applies to the sound transducers 136 a-d with the associated volumes 144 a-d, or the housings 115 a-d. The transducer pairs 133/134 a-d work on the housing volume 140, which can also be divided in need.

The pairs of oppositely arranged transducers 133/134 a-d are located on the same sectional plane of the housing 111 as the funnel sound transducers 131, 132, resulting in the simultaneous emission in the main direction of sound 100th The same applies to the additional sound transducers 135 a-f, which are located in the same plane as the driver 130 to the funnel 121 .

The sound converters 136 a-d, which are also arranged rotationally symmetrically at the rear, complement the radiation from nearby reflectors such as the ceiling and walls to support a spatial sound impression.

The pairs of oppositely arranged transducers 133/134 a-d to work together to the sound aperture 160 having a dimension, ie the width of the slot at the surface of the housing 111, small compared with the radiated wavelength. The result is a wide-ranging sound distribution in the propagation directions 101 a-d. Due to the possibility of separately controlling the sound transducers 135 a-f and 136 a-dm, the ratio between direct sound and indirect sound can be set as desired by means of level adjustment. If you divide the sound transducers 135 a-f into groups, or if you control each one individually, you also have the option of individually adjusting the sound radiation on each side, thus reducing the disruptive influence of excessively reflecting individual walls or ceilings and floors. The arrangement of the transducer 130 to the transducers 135 a-f in a plane, as well as the arrangement of the transducer pair 131/132 in a plane with the sound transducers 133/134 ad has the advantage that only one electronic time delay for the synchronization of these two planes - and all sound transducers - is required.

FIG. 1b and FIG. 1c show according to the invention, the front and side view of the loudspeaker according to Fig. 1a. It should be noted that the number of sound transducers 133 , 134 , 135 and 136 shown is only to be regarded as an example. It can be more or less depending on the requirements. The exact number results from the radiation behavior of these sound transducers in the selected frequency range. They are to be arranged in such a way that there can be no overlaps or deletions. This also applies to the interaction with the funnels 120 and 121 and the sound transducers 133 , 134 .

Fig. 2 shows the speaker of Fig. 1a-c in a modified form, so that it can be mounted directly on walls or on the ceiling. The rear sound transducers 136 a-d are omitted here and the spherical shape of the original housing 111 is replaced on the back by a conical housing shape 211 , which creates a suitable transition to the wall / ceiling 270 . If the sound transducers 134 a-d are dispensed with, the conical housing part 211 can also be omitted, which leads to better acoustic adaptation of the sound transducers 133 a-d to the environment in a wide frequency range.

Fig. 3 shows the loudspeaker according to Fig. 1a-c as variant 1 in vertical form. The axis 310 of the loudspeaker 311 is rotated by 90 ° with respect to the axis 110 of the loudspeaker 111 . Instead of the funnel sound transducers 120 , 121 there is a sound transducer unit 330 , preferably for the upper frequency range. This sound transducer unit 330 can be a single unit that emits 360 °, or it can consist of several individual systems, the radiation angles of which add up to 360 °. A better all-round radiation is achieved with the vertical variant according to FIG. 3 than with the loudspeaker according to FIGS. 1a-c, which has a preferred direction 100 . Here, the preferred direction is a 360 ° plane at the sound opening 160 . The preferred direction is thus orthogonal to the axis 310 of the loudspeaker 311 .

Fig. 4a shows a variant 2 a loudspeaker according to FIG. 3, in which the inner transducers are 133/134 a-d is replaced by a radial funnel transducer 420 with the inside drivers 431, 432 which are connected to each other via the fixing members 450. Between the transducers 431 , 432 there is again a volume reducing body 470 for expanding the transmission range. The acoustic transducers 435 a-d and 436 a-d supplement / support the radial horn acoustic transducer 420 in the upper and / or lower frequency range, depending on the dimensioning and design of the radial horn acoustic transducer 420 . This variant 2 a has a greater range than variant 1 according to FIG. 3.

FIG. 4b shows a variant 2 b the loudspeaker according to Fig. 4a, in which the housing 411 a preferential direction 100 caused by tilting of the two halves, and the sound radiation will be reduced in entgengesetzter direction to the main direction 100. This is achieved by a variable geometry of the connecting elements 450 , for example by two tubes running into one another, which are provided with a locking mechanism. The arrangement according to FIG. 4b has the advantage of 360 ° all-round radiation, in which a radiation direction (for example in the direction of the microphone) can be masked out with little effort.

Fig. 5a, b show the longitudinal section and side view of a speaker system which is similarly constructed as the speaker system according to Fig. 1a-c, but no sound transducer are attached to the housing surface 511th To expand the beam angle, the sound transducers 536 a-1 are integrated on the inside of the funnel 120 , the beam directions 504 a-1 of which intersect with the axis of the main radiation direction 100 in the immediate vicinity in front of the loudspeaker system at the intersection S2. The same applies to the arrangement of the sound transducers 535 a-1. In this case, the intersection point S1, at which their emission directions 502 a-1 intersect with the axis of the main emission direction 100 , is relatively far in front of the loudspeaker system, which first causes a bundling and only at a greater distance in direction 100 causes a divergence. This achieves both a more favorable sound distribution and a longer range. If one controls the sound transducers 535 a-1 and 536 a-1 in groups or individually, the emission characteristics of the loudspeaker system can be influenced within wide limits.

Fig. 6a, b show the speaker system according to Fig. 5a, b, or also according to Fig. 1a-c, with a modified inner structure.

The driver pair 131/132 for the hopper 120 is here replaced by a plurality of individual transducers 631 a-1, which operate on the rear volume 642nd In this arrangement, the funnels 620 and 621 are adjusted in length and the sound transducers 630 , 631 a-1 and 533 a-d are on one level, which makes the external delay adjustment unnecessary.

FIG. 7 shows the arrangement of loudspeaker boxes concave in two planes, in which their main emission directions form an intersection point S which lies in front of the loudspeaker boxes. This arrangement transfers the properties of the arrangement of the sound transducers 535 a-1 in FIGS. 5 a, b to an entire stack of loudspeaker boxes. This means that a greater range can also be achieved with loudspeakers that have an internal structure that differs from FIGS. 5a, b.

FIG. 8 shows, as a mixed concave / convex arrangement, the integration of the arrangement according to FIG. 7 into a public address system for a very wide public address area. The lower loudspeaker systems 831 , 832 , 833 are arranged in a strongly convex manner for a large scattering effect in the immediate vicinity, the systems for the central area 811 to 823 are only slightly convex or even parallel, while the systems 801 to 803 for the long range are concave. Their radiation directions intersect at intersection S in front of the loudspeaker arrangement with a high concentration effect and range.

Claims (19)

1. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system with a housing 511 , a larger funnel 120 with associated driver sound transducers 131 , 132 , a smaller funnel 121 with associated driver sound transducer 130 , a molded part 112 and fastening devices 116 between the funnels 120 , 121 , a plurality of sound transducers 533 ad for the lower frequency range as well as several sound converters 535 a- 1 for the middle and upper frequency range in the far field and several sound converters 536 a-1 for the middle and upper frequency range in the near field, whereby the sound converters 130-132 , 533 a-d, 535 a-1, 536 a-1 are arranged concentrically around the axis of the main emission direction 100 . 2. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sound transducers 535 a-1, 536 a-1 are arranged for the middle and upper frequency range so that the axes of their radiation directions 502 a-1, 504 a- 1 form one or more common intersection points S1, S2, which are located in front of the loudspeaker housing 511 . 3. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the sound transducers 535 a-1, 536 a-1 for the middle and upper frequency range are fully or partially integrated into the wall of one or more funnels 120 , 121 . 4. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the sound transducers 535 a-1, 536 a-1 for the middle and upper frequency range individually or in groups are variable in level and / or can be switched on and off, even during of operation. 5. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of funnels 120 , 121 are nested in one another and are acoustically adapted in their shape and are advantageously separated from one another by a molded part 112 . 6. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the mouth openings of the funnels 120 , 121 lie in one plane. 7. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the driver sound transducers 131 , 132 of a funnel 120 are arranged opposite one another and radiate radially into the funnel 120 . 8. arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the volume between the driver sound transducers 131 , 132 is formed as an acoustically optimized pressure chamber, rigid connecting elements 150 and a volume reducing body 170 are provided, which is advantageously attached to the connection 150 . 9. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the edges of the opening area of the funnel 120 and that of the housing 511 are close to one another, and that these have different geometries, so that sound outlet openings are formed which provide for the attachment of sound transducers allows the lower frequency range 533 a-d, which is set back behind the outlet opening of the funnel 120 . 10. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the driver sound transducers 631 a-1 arranged in a ring radiate into an adapted funnel 620 , and that these are in one plane with the other sound transducers 630 of the also adapted funnel 621 including molded part 612 and the transducers 533 a-d. 11. The arrangement of transducers in a loudspeaker system according to previous claims, characterized in that the housing having 111 ball shape or ball-like shape, in which the hopper 120 are / is fitted form-fit 121st 12. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that on the surface of the housing 111 additional, changeable in their levels sound transducers 135 a-f and 136 a-d are arranged, the front-side sound transducers 135 a-f in one plane with the driver sound transducer 130 are arranged. 13. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing 111 is provided on its surface with an annular gap 160 in a plane which lies between the driver sound transducers 131 and 132 , through which in the interior of the housing 111th / 134 a-f on all sides in the directions 101 a-d radiate in pairs oppositely arranged and with fastening elements 151 a-d provided transducer 133rd 14. Arrangement of sound transducers in a speaker system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the rear of the slot 160 located housing part 211 is flattened and formed into a transition piece on a flat surface, which can be a wall or ceiling. 15. The arrangement of transducers in a loudspeaker system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the spherical housing 311 is compared to the embodiment 111 vertically rotated through 90 ° upwards, and that / 121, a sound conversion unit 330 is arranged in place of the hopper 120, the all-round Radiation in the horizontal plane. 16. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the funnel 120 is arranged in the center of the housing 411 and designed as an all-round radial funnel 420 and driven by oppositely arranged driver sound transducers 431 , 432 , which in turn is connected to fastening elements 450 to which the volume reduction body 470 attached in the intermediate space is fastened. 17. Arrangement of sound transducers in a loudspeaker system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the radial funnel 420 can be variably reduced in one direction until the complete closure by means of a tilting movement, which is preferably accomplished by changing the geometry of the connecting elements 450 , such that there is no or less radiation in this direction. 18. Arrangement of loudspeaker boxes in a composite (cluster, stack) according to the preceding claims, characterized in that they are arranged and aligned in concave form so that the axes of the main emission directions of the individual loudspeaker boxes 701 to 743 form one or more common intersection points S, that are in front of the speakers 701 to 743 . 19. Arrangement of speakers in a composite (cluster, stack) according to the preceding claims, characterized in that they are arranged and aligned in mixed concave / convex / parallel form in the vertical and / or horizontal plane so that the axes of the main radiation directions of the individual Loudspeaker boxes 801 to 833 form one or more common intersection points 5 in one or more planes, which are located both in front of and behind the loudspeaker boxes.