DE19854075A1 - Production of moldings, e.g. laundry and other detergent tablets, by pressing particulate premix uses flexible element with definite elasticity constant in power path of tableting press - Google Patents

Abstract

In the production of moldings by pressing a particulate premix, a flexible element with a definite elasticity constant is incorporated in the power path of the tableting press. Independent claims are also included for (a) a tablet press for making moldings, especially laundry and other detergent tablets, in which a flexible element with a definite elasticity constant is incorporated on (each) pressure roller and/or pressure bar; (b) a press die with incorporated flexible element for the same purpose.

Description

The present invention relates to a process for the production of moldings, in particular special of detergent tablets. In particular, concerns the Erfin a process for the production of such moldings in large quantities, the Fluctuations in hardness within a series are minimized.

The production of moldings, especially tablets, is particularly in the area of Pharmaceutical state of the art. The offer form "tablet" has due to their specified dosage, their compactness and the due to high density reduced packaging, transport and storage costs also in others Areas successfully entered, in particular detergent tablets are widely used for automatic dishwashing. Also detergent tablets for the Household laundry of textiles is now increasingly available commercially bar.

As in the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets occur in the production of Detergent tablets have problems that affect the fluctuating hardness of concern several shaped bodies within a series. Especially for washing and cleaning The shaped dichotomy between hardness and disintegration time is a central element Problem - on the one hand, the moldings have to be sufficiently stable to be pressed after the pressing solution to be packaged, transported to retail and handled by the consumer, on the other hand, however, to ensure washing and cleaning success must be extreme short disintegration times can be realized, for example to remove residues on textiles  prevent or the washing in of the molded body via the induction chamber more common household To enable washing machines. In large series production, it cannot be avoided the fact that the moldings produced are more or less strongly in their hardness divorce. Since the tablet presses usually used for manufacturing (both Ex center and rotary presses) to a predetermined height (accordingly a constant volume), lead to fluctuations in density of the pre-pressed material mixes and inaccuracies in the dosage of the premix to fluctuate in weight conditions in the finished molded articles. But is more premix in a die hole included, the tablet in question is forced to the predetermined height and thus often pressed harder. In extreme cases, a tablet can result that use this with regard to short disintegration times fills. Conversely, a "too little" premix can make tablets unacceptably soft lead, which may already break up in the packaging line of the manufacturing process chen.

In the prior art for detergent tablets, the solutions Approaches were largely tackled from the recipe side. So For example, attempts are made to inject certain additives into them send premixes by selecting certain sieve fractions of the entire premix mixed or individual ingredients or by coating the pressed tablet ten tries to increase the hardness of the tablets without increasing their disintegration time too much heights.

The present invention was based on the object of a method for the production of detergent tablets to provide it regardless of the used tablet press enables, despite fluctuating tablet weights, an approx hernd constant pressing force to act on the premix and thus the swan decrease in tablet hardness. In particular, the process should Fluctuations that usually occur with volume-controlled tablet presses reduce significantly.  

This task is solved by giving in the tablet press force path ges element with a spring constant is used, which on the pre-pressed is mixed.

The invention thus relates to a process for the production of moldings by Compressing a particulate premix, in the force path of the tablet press a flexible element with a defined spring constant is installed.

In contrast to conventional tablet presses, in which the force path is completely rigid and rigid parts is built, according to the invention at least one Nachgie biges element built into the force path, this element having a defined spring con has a constant. The term "Kraftweg" stands within the scope of the present inven dung for the direction of movement of the ram, their movement in the pressing direction, ie in the direction of the premix or the shaped body towards the compression of the pre mixing leads. The mechanical elements on the tablet press that support this movement of the Press ram in the pressing direction (for example, the pressure rollers on a circular run Ferpresse or the eccentric on an eccentric press) are also part of the force away.

The spring constant of the resilient element, often referred to as a "benchmark", "directional force", "straightening force" or "restoring force" is a measure of the deformability of this element and has the dimension force per distance (for example Nmm ^-1 ), so that the last three names are misleading. It is part of Hoo ke's law F = Kx, where F is the force, K is the spring constant and x is the length of the deflection (or compression) of the spring. Here Hooke's law applies to small elongations x, and the present invention is not limited to the use of springs that obey Hooke's law.

In preferred methods, the spring constant of the resilient element is in the force path matched to the detergent and cleaning agent composition to be pressed, so that the ratio of the spring constant of the resilient element to the spring constant of Shaped bodies preferably in the range from 50: 1 to 1:50, preferably from 25: 1 to 1:25, be  particularly preferably from 10: 1 to 1:10 and in particular from 5: 1 to 1: 5 with particular Preferred range is from 1: 1 to 3: 1.

While the spring constant of coil springs, diaphragm spring packs or other technical devices that have a damping effect can easily be determined, the term “spring constant” is not widely used in relation to a molded body in the prior art. In the context of the present invention, the spring constant of the molded body is defined as the quotient of the difference in the pressing force of molded bodies pressed too hard or too soft and the difference in their heights:

F _{T2 is} the pressing force in N, which leads to a 40% too hard molding, F _{T1 is} the pressing force in N, which leads to a 40% too soft molding, and h _T1 or h _T2 are the corresponding heights of the molding in mm . The fluctuations result from a maximum standard deviation of 13% on a rotary tablet press at high speed. The amount of 40% is then determined from the limits within which 99% of the tablet hardness lies (assuming a Gaussian distribution). The terms “too hard” or “too soft” shaped bodies are to be understood as follows: If the pressing force on the tablet press is set such that a shaped body with a breaking hardness of 50 N should result (target hardness), F _{T2 is} the pressing force , which leads to a shaped body with the breaking hardness (50 N + 40%) = 70 N, while F _{T1 is} the pressing force that provides a shaped body with the breaking hardness (50 N - 40%) = 30 N. These values can easily be determined experimentally and vary depending on the composition of the premix used. So if a desired molding composition is known, the pressing force F _T2 or F _T1 can be determined by pressing the relevant premix with a conventional, rigid punch and subsequently the height of the molding obtained. If you have calculated the spring constant of the molded body in this way, you can adjust the spring constant of the flexible element in the force path.

The fracture hardness of the molded body, which must be determined in the determination of the pressing forces described above, can be detected via the measured variable of the diametric fracture stress. This can be determined according to

Here σ stands for diametral fracture stress (DFS) in Pa, P is the force in N which leads to the pressure exerted on the molded body, which is the Breakage of the shaped body causes, D is the shaped body diameter in meters and t is the Height of the molded body.

The resilient element with a defined spring constant can within the scope of the Invention according to the procedure can be installed at any point in the force path. Requirement for the The success of the procedure according to the invention is only that in the force path arranged compliant element too strong when the die hole is overfilled Pressing pressure prevented by penetrating too deep into the bore. The compliant element can for example be advantageously arranged in or on the press ram, with a such press ram its length varies depending on the pressure. This technical solution is recommended, for example, for eccentric tablet presses where only a few stamps are used are to be replaced. Should rotary presses according to the inventive method a different solution is recommended for reasons of process economy solution, namely the installation of the flexible element with a defined spring constant in the Suspension of the pressure roller (s) and / or pressure rails, which lower the passing effect stamp and thus the compression of the premix. In this way need not have numerous stamps or pairs of stamps of a rotary press with a compliant element, but only a few places on the or Suspension (s) of the pressure roller (s) and / or pressure rails. This still has to do part that fluctuations due to different spring constants in individual ram (e.g. caused by "wearing out"). Are tablet presses turned on sets, which in addition to pressure rollers also have pressure rail systems, so it is fiction  also possible and preferred according to the pressure rails with the resilient element to be provided with a defined spring constant.

Preferred methods are characterized in that the resilient element on the Pressure roller and / or pressure rail or on or in the press ram is installed.

As a resilient element with a defined spring constant, the Invention all technical equipment known to those skilled in the art with th spring constants are used. In addition to the well-known coil springs, which are linear or can be wound progressively, disc springs or disc spring assemblies and others Spring constructions made of wound material can of course also be compact Materials are used as a flexible element, provided that they are reversibly deformable are and have a defined "spring constant" in this reversible deformation. In preferred method is a resilient element, a coil spring, a Tellerfe the package or a gas pressure spring used.

It is also possible according to the invention to preload the resilient element in order to secure the Ge to reduce the velvet stroke. The element can be 5 to 100% of the minimum pressing force be preloaded, with preloads on 20 to 90% of the minimum pressing force preferred and biases to 50 to 80% of the minimum pressing force particularly preferred are. The term "resilient element" is within the scope of the present invention explicitly no overload protection is meant, rather the spring (or the compliant Element with a defined spring constant) within the scope of the present invention Pressing process not only in exceptional cases, but continuously during the determination proper operation moves.

If in particular only hard tablets are to be prevented, the preload can also be prevented can be set to 5 to 100% of the average pressing force, with preloads also here from 20 to 90%, preferably from 50 to 80% of the average pressing force is particularly preferred are.  

In order to only prevent extreme upward outliers (i.e. molded articles that are much too hard) the preload according to the above-mentioned statements also to the maximum press be aligned force, with preloads of 5 to 99% of the maximum press force are adjustable. Preloads of 20 to 90% are also preferred here from 50 to 80% of the maximum pressing force is particularly preferred. The expert will cause no difficulties, the spring constant and the preload each adapt to the premix to be compressed or the desired tablet.

The above terms "minimum pressing force", "average pressing force" and "maxi male press force "refer to those with conventional, i.e. rigid, press dies and pressure systems determined absolute values of the molded body to be pressed acting force. The force-frequency diagram when pressing a die mixed with rigid stamps and printing systems corresponds to a Gaussian curve, the highest The first point provides the "average pressing force", while the tapering ends provide the "minimum Press force "and deliver the" maximum press force ". With a preload of the compliant Elements of 100% of the maximum pressing force would no longer be the compliant element give way, but behave like a rigid stamp, so biased Elements are excluded from the scope of the present invention since they are not considered "Compliant elements" act in the sense of the invention.

To avoid tablets that are too hard and too soft, the spring constant force path (the compliant element) and molded body almost identical his. The main constant to prevent tablets that are too hard is the spring constant of the Force path less than that of the tablet; Avoid tablets that are too soft the, the spring constant of the force path will have to be chosen higher than that of the tablet.

The numerically ascertainable spring constants of the moldings which can be produced by the method according to the invention can be varied in wide ranges, the method according to the invention making it possible to adapt the tablet animal machine to the conditions of a special premix in an ideal manner. Preferred processes are characterized in that the spring constant of the shaped bodies is in the range from 100 to 25,000 Nmm ^-1 , preferably from 250 to 10,000 mm ^-1 , particularly preferably from 500 to 7500 Nmm ^-1 and in particular from 500 to 5000 Nmm ^-1 .

With the method according to the invention, moldings of the most varied can be produced Produce compositions, the inventive method in particular the Problems in the manufacture of detergent tablets are minimized. As part of the present Preferred particulate premixes according to the invention are washing and cleaning agent compositions and the moldings are accordingly washing and cleaning moldings.

Detergent tablets are usually mixed with surfactant granules Processing components and subsequent pressing of this particulate pre mixed. Preferred variants of the method according to the invention are therefore characterized in that the particulate premix contains surfactant-containing granulate (s) contains and a bulk density of at least 500 g / l, preferably at least 600 g / l and in particular has at least 700 g / l.

Methods preferred in the context of the present invention therefore include ver pressing a particulate premix of at least one surfactant-containing granulate and at least one admixed powdery component. The production of the ten Granules containing sid can be produced by conventional industrial granulation processes such as Compacting, extrusion, mixer granulation, pelleting or fluidized bed granulation done on.

In preferred process variants, the granulate containing surfactant is sufficient for certain parts size criteria. Methods according to the invention are preferred in which the th granules containing particles particle sizes between 100 and 2000 microns, preferably between 200 and 1800 microns, particularly preferably between 400 and 1600 microns and in particular between between 600 and 1400 µm.

In addition to the active substances (anionic and / or nonionic and / or cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants), the surfactant granules preferably also contain a carrier  fe, which particularly preferably come from the group of builders. Particularly advantageous Adhesive processes are characterized in that the surfactant-containing granules are anionic and / or nonionic surfactants and builders and total surfactant content of at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 15% by weight and in particular at least at least 20% by weight.

These surface-active substances come from the group of anionic, non-ionic , zwitterionic or cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants from eco mix reasons and because of their range of services are clearly preferred.

Anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type. The surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C _9-13 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates, and disulfonates such as are obtained, for example, from C _12-18 monoolefins having a terminal or internal double bond by sulfonating with gaseous Sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products is considered. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates obtained from C _12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Likewise, the esters of α-sulfofatty acids (ester sulfonates), e.g. B. the α-sulfonated methyl ester of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids is suitable.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters. Under fatty acid glyce The mono-, di- and triesters as well as their mixtures are to be understood as Rinestern, as in the production by esterification of a monoglycerin with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or obtained in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 mol of glycerol. Before pulled sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fat acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, Ca. pric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.

The alk (en) yl sulfates are the alkali and especially the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid half esters of C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols, for example from coconut oil alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ -Oxo alcohols and those half esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned, which contain a synthetic, petrochemical-based straight-chain alkyl radical which have a degradation behavior similar to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. The C ₁₂ -C ₁₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates as well as C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates are preferred from the point of view of washing technology. 2,3-Alkyl sulfates, which are produced, for example, according to US Pat. Nos. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from the Shell Oil Company under the name DAN®, are also suitable anionic surfactants.

The sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C ₇ -C ₂₁ alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl-branched C _9-11 alcohols with an average of 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) or C _{12 18} fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in cleaning agents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C _8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue, which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (description see below). Again, sulfosuccinates, the fatty alcohol residues of which are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are particularly preferred. It is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.

Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants. Are suitable saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid,  Stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid and in particular from natural Fatty acids, e.g. B. coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.

The anionic surfactants including the soaps can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or Triethanolamine. The anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their Sodium or potassium salts, especially in the form of the sodium salts.

In the context of the present invention, surfactant granules are process end products of the intermediate step a) preferably, the 5 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 7.5 to 40 wt .-% and in particular 10 to 30% by weight of anionic surfactant (s), in each case based on the granule lat, included.

When choosing the anionic surfactants that are in the process end products of the Zwi step a) are used, the freedom of formulation cannot be complied with the framework in the way. However, preferred surfactant granules have a Ge hold on soap, the 0.2 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the in step d) provided detergent tablets, exceeds. Preferred to use Anionic surfactants are the alkylbenzenesulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates, with be preferred detergent tablets 2 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 2.5 to 15% by weight and in particular 5 to 10% by weight of fatty alcohol sulfate (s), in each case based on the weight of the detergent tablets.

The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol in which the alcohol residue is linear or preferably in the 2-position May be methyl branched or may contain linear and methyl branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxoalko radicals. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues from alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for. B. from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C _12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C _9-11 alcohol with 7 EO, C _13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C _12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C _12-14 alcohol with 3 EO and C _12-18 alcohol with 5 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

Another class of preferred nonionic surfactants, which are used either as allei some nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are used are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and pro poxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, especially fatty acid methyl esters, as described, for example, in Japanese Pa tentanmeldung JP 58/2/7598 are described or which are preferably according to the in the international patent application WO-A-90/13533 become.

Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used advantageously are the alkyl polyglycosides (APG). Alkypolyglycosides that can be used satisfy the general formula RO (G) _z , in which R denotes a linear or branched, in particular methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms and G is the symbol which stands for a glycosyl unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose. The degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.

Linear alkyl polyglucosides, ie alkyl polyglycosides, are preferably used in de the polyglycosyl radical is a glucose radical and the alkyl radical is an n-alkyl radical.

The process end products of intermediate step a) can preferably be alkyl polyglycosides contain, with contents of APG over 0.2 wt .-%, based on the total molding  per, are preferred. Particularly preferred detergent tablets are ent hold APG in amounts of 0.2 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.2 to 5 wt .-% and esp special from 0.5 to 3 wt .-%.

Also nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N- dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alka nolamides may be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is before preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half of it.

Other suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (II),

in the RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ¹ for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups . The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.

The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (III)

in the R for a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ¹ for a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical with 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ² for a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or is an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C _1-4 -alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this residue.

[Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example, according to the teaching of international application WO-A-95/07331 by reaction with fatty acid remethyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as a catalyst in the desired polyhy droxy fatty acid amides are transferred.

Regardless of whether anionic or nonionic surfactants or mixtures of these Classes of surfactants and, if applicable, amphoteric or cationic surfactants in the surfactant granule lat are used, methods according to the invention are preferred in which the surfactant content of the surfactant-containing granules produced in step a) 5 to 60% by weight, preferably as 10 to 50 wt .-% and in particular 15 to 40 wt .-%, each based on the Granules of surfactant.

The surfactant granules can vary in the laundry detergent and cleaning product tablets Amounts are used. Processes according to the invention in which the proportion of the surfactant containing granules on the detergent tablets 40 to 95% by weight, preferably 45 to 85% by weight and in particular 55 to 75% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the detergent tablets is preferred.

In addition to the washing-active substances, builders are the most important ingredients of Detergents and cleaning agents. In the surfactant granules, but also as part of the Premix or as a component in the foam inhibitor used according to the invention  Granules can all Ge usually used in detergents and cleaning agents builders are included, in particular thus zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic co builder and - where there are no ecological prejudices against their use - also the Phosphates.

Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} .H ₂ O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4. Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both β- and δ-sodium disilicates Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ .yH ₂ O are preferred, wherein β-sodium disilicate can be obtained, for example, by the method described in the international patent application WO-A-91/08171 .

Amorphous sodium silicates with a Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ modulus of 1: 2 to 1: 3, 3, preferably 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, can also be used are delayed and have secondary washing properties. The delay in dissolution compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can be caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / compression or by overdrying. In the context of this invention, the term “amorphous” is also understood to mean “X-ray amorphous”. This means that the silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle. However, it can very well lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles deliver washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted in such a way that the products have microcrystalline ranges of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates, which also have a delay in dissolution compared to the conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024. Particularly preferred are compressed / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried X-ray amorphous silicates. If desired, in addition to the amount of zeolite of the P and / or X type introduced by the surfactant granules, further zeolite can be incorporated into the premix by adding zeolite as a treatment component. The finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite used is preferably a type A, P, X or Y zeolite. However, zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 µm (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.

It goes without saying that the generally known phosphates are also used as buildersub punching possible, provided that such use is not avoided for ecological reasons should be. The sodium salts of orthophosphates, the py rophosphates and especially the tripolyphosphates.

Usable organic builders are, for example, those in the form of their sodium salts of polycarboxylic acids, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, Glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and Mixtures of these. Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as Citro Nenoic acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and Mi created from these.

The detergent tablets produced according to the invention can be additionally as additional cobuilders and graying inhibitors from 0.5 to 5% by weight preferably contain 1 to 3% by weight of a polycarboxylate polymer which contains (meth) acrylate and / or maleate units. These anionic polymers can be in their acid form or be used in the fully or partially neutralized salt form. Preferred Polymers are homo- and copolymers of acrylic acid. Are particularly preferred here Polyacrylates, acrylic acid / maleic acid copolymers and acrylic phosphinates. Polyacrylates  are for example under the names Versicol® E5, Versicol® E7 and Versicol® E9 (trademark of Allied Colloids), Narlex® LD 30 and Narlex® LD 34 (trademark the national adhesives), Acrysol® LMW-10, Acrysol® LMW-20, Acrysol® LMW-45 and Acrysol® A1-N (trademark of Rohm & Haas) and Sokalan® PA-20, Soka lari PA-40, Sokalan® PA-70 and Sokalan PA-110 (trademark of BASF) on the market available. Ethylene / maleic acid copolymers are sold under the name EMA® (trademark Chen the Monsanto) distributed, methyl vinyl ether / maleic acid copolymers under the Names Gantrez® AN 119 (trademark of GAF Corp.) and acrylic acid / maleic acid Copolymers under the names Sokalan® CP5 and Sokalan® CP7 (trademark of BASF). Acrylic phosphinates are available as DKW® (trademark of National Adhesives) or Belperse® grades (trademark of Ciba-Geigy) available. In combination with the ge mentioned polymers or as the sole graying inhibitor can also graft copolymers re used by grafting polyalkylene oxides with molecular weights between 2000 and 100,000 can be obtained with vinyl acetate. The acetate groups can possibly saponified up to 15%. Polymers of this type, as they are in the European cal patent application EP-A-0 219 048 (BASF) are described under the Names Sokalan® HP22 (trademark of BASF) on the market.

Before pressing the particulate premix into detergent and cleaning agent The premix can be shaped with finely divided surface treatment agents be "powdered". This can affect the nature and physical properties of the premix (storage, pressing) as well as the finished washing and rice shaped detergent be advantageous. Fine powdering agents are in the stand well-known in the art, mostly zeolites, silicates or other inorganic salts be used. However, the premix is preferred with finely divided zeolite "powdered", with zeolites of the faujasite type being preferred. As part of the present Invention, the term "faujasite-type zeolite" denotes all three zeolites, which form the faujasite subgroup of zeolite structure group 4 (compare Donald W. Breck: "Zeolite Molecular Sieves", John Wiley & Sons, New York, London, Sydney, To ronto, 1974, page 92). In addition to the zeolite X, there are also zeolite Y and faujasite as well Mixtures of these compounds can be used, the pure zeolite X being preferred.  

Mixtures or cocrystallizates of zeolites of the faujasite type with other Zeo Lithen, which do not necessarily have to belong to the zeolite structure group 4, are used as an abpu dermittel can be used, it being advantageous if at least 50 wt .-% of Ab Powder consist of a zeolite of the faujasite type.

In the context of the present invention, detergent tablets are shaped preferred, which consist of a particulate premix, the granular compo contains and subsequently admixed powdery substances, the or one of the subsequently mixed powdered components a zeolite of the faujasite type with particle sizes below 100 µm, preferably below 10 µm and in particular is below 5 µm and is at least 0.2% by weight, preferably at least 0.5% by weight and makes up in particular more than 1% by weight of the premix to be pressed.

As already mentioned above, detergent tablets are preferred, which also contain a disintegration aid. Methods according to the invention, in which the premix additionally contains a disintegration aid, preferably a Des Integration aid based on cellulose, preferably in granular, co-granulated or compacted form, in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular from 4 to 6% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the premix, contains are preferred. In addition to the ingredients mentioned surfactant, builder and disinte Grationshilfsmittel, or in their place in the process according to the invention compressing particulate premixes additionally one or more substances from the Group of bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, pH regulators, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, antiredepositions medium, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors and Corrosion inhibitors included.

Among the compounds which serve as bleaching agents and supply H ₂ O ₂ in water, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance. Other bleaching agents that can be used are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H ₂ O ₂ -producing peracidic salts or peracids, such as per benzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid. Even when using the bleaching agents, it is possible to dispense with the use of surfactants and / or builders, so that pure bleach tablets can be produced. If such bleach tablets are to be used for washing textiles, a combination of sodium percarbonate with sodium sesquicarbonate is preferred, regardless of what other ingredients are contained in the moldings. If cleaning tablets or bleach tablets for machine dishwashing are manufactured, bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used. Typical organic bleaches are the diacyl peroxides, such as. B. dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaching agents are the peroxy acids, examples of which include the alkyl peroxy acids and the aryl peroxy acids. Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy-α-naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, per oxystearic acid, ε-phthalimidoxythoxy acid peroxaloacid acid oxooperoxy caproacid (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperoxysebacinic acid, diperoxydiacid acid, diperoxaloxyacid -1,4-diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercaproic acid) can be used.

Chlorine or. Can also be used as bleaching agents in moldings for automatic dishwashing Bromine-releasing substances are used. Among the appropriate chlorine or bromine releasing materials come for example heterocyclic N-bromine and N- Chloramides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, Dibromo isocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with Cations such as potassium and sodium are considered. Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5- dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable.

To be a better choice when washing or cleaning at temperatures of 60 ° C and below To achieve the greatest bleaching effect, bleach activators can be used as the sole component or be incorporated as an ingredient of component b). Can be used as bleach activators Compounds containing aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids under perhydrolysis conditions  preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and / or given if substituted perbenzoic acid result, are used. Suitable substances are the O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally sub carry substituted benzoyl groups. Multi-acylated alkylenediamines, ins special tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5- Diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular Tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenol sulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5- Diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran.

In addition to the conventional bleach activators or in their place, too so-called bleaching catalysts can be incorporated into the moldings. With this stuff fen are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or -carbonyl complexes. Also Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-hal Tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes are bleached catalysts can be used.

Enzymes come from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, cellulases or their mixtures in question. Bacterial strains or are particularly well suited Mushrooms such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus enzymatic agents. Proteases of the subtilisin type and esp special proteases obtained from Bacillus lentus. Here are En enzyme mixtures, for example of protease and amylase or protease and lipase or Protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or from protease, amylase and Li pase or protease, lipase and cellulase, but especially cellulase-containing Mi of particular interest. Peroxidases or oxidases are also in one proven cases. The enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or be embedded in coating substances to protect them against premature decomposition. The Proportion of the enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules in the according to the invention  provided moldings can, for example, about 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to be about 2% by weight.

In addition, the detergent tablets can also ent components hold, which positively influence the oil and fat washability from textiles (so-called called soil repellents). This effect is particularly evident when a textile is dirty is already previously several times with a detergent according to the invention, that contains this oil and fat-dissolving component. Among the preferred Oil and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as Methyl cellulose and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxyl Groups of 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropoxyl groups of 1 to 15% by weight, each based on the nonionic cellulose ether, as well as those from the prior art nik known polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or their De derivatives, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and / or nonionically modified derivatives of these. Of these, particular preference is given to the sulfonated derivatives of phthalic acid and Terephthalic acid polymers.

The moldings can be derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid as optical brighteners or their alkali metal salts. Are suitable for. B. Salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4- morpholino-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or the like Compounds which, instead of the morpholino group, a diethanolamino group, a Me wear thylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group. Brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may also be present, e.g. B. the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) - diphenyls, or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyls. Mixtures of the pre named brighteners can be used.

Dyes and fragrances are the washing and cleaning according to the invention medium-shaped body added to improve the aesthetic impression of the products and in addition to the softness performance, the consumer is visually and sensorially "typical and distinctive "product. As perfume oils or fragrances  individual fragrance compounds, e.g. B. the synthetic products of the type Esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons can be used. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g. B. benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobuty rat, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzyl-carbinyl acetate, phenyls thylacetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethyl methylphenyl glycinate, allylcyclohexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. The ethers include, for example Benzyl ethyl ether, to the aldehydes z. B. the linear alkanals with 8-18 C atoms, citral, Citronellal, Citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, Cyclamenaldehyde, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial and Bourgeonal, to the ketones z. B. the Jonone, ∝-isomethyl ionone and methyl cedryl ketone, to the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, the hydrocarbons mainly include terpenes such as soda nen and pinen. However, mixtures of different fragrances are preferably used det, which together create an appealing fragrance. Such perfume oils can also contain natural fragrance mixtures as they are accessible from plant sources, e.g. B. pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are muscatel, sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, lin flower oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil such as orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.

The content of the washing and cleaning agents produced according to the invention is usually moldings of dyes below 0.01% by weight, while fragrances up to 2% by weight can make up the entire wording.

The fragrances can be incorporated directly into the agents produced according to the invention be, but it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers that the Increase the adhesion of the perfume to the laundry and by a slower fragrance release the long-lasting fragrance of the textiles. As such have backing materials Cyclodextrins have proven themselves, for example, the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can also be coated with other auxiliaries.

In order to improve the aesthetic impression of the agents produced according to the invention, they can be colored with suitable dyes. Preferred dyes whose  Selection presents no difficulty for the expert, has a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the agent and to Light and no pronounced substantivity towards textile fibers so as not to turn them on to dye.

The method according to the invention has not yet been described in the prior art. Also those described above for carrying out the method according to the invention Modified tablet presses have so far not been known in the prior art. On Another object of the present invention is therefore a tablet press for the production of moldings, in particular of detergent and cleaning agent form body, which is characterized in that on the / the pressure roller (s) and / or on the / the Pressure rail (s) (each) a flexible element with a defined spring constant is installed.

As mentioned above, however, the tablet presses can also be switched on Building resilient elements in the ram for the method modes according to the invention ficate, so that on the other hand press ram for the production of moldings, esp special of detergent tablets, which are characterized by that in or on the ram (each) a flexible element with a defined Fe constant is an object of the present invention.

In both modifications to commercially available tablet presses, the spring constants of the flexible element are preferably in the range from 2 to 1,000,000 Nmm ^-1 , preferably from 10 to 250,000 Nmm ^-1 , particularly preferably from 100 to 37,500 Nmm ^-1 and in particular from 750 to 15,000 Nmm ^-1 . Tablet presses in which the spring constant of the resilient element is 2 to 1,000,000 Nmm ^-1 , preferably 10 to 250,000 Nmm ^-1 , particularly preferably 100 to 37,500 Nmm ^-1 and in particular 750 to 15,000 Nmm ^-1 , and press rams, in which the spring constant of the flexible element is 2 to 1,000,000 Nmm ^-1 , preferably 10 to 250,000 Nmm ^-1 , particularly preferably 100 to 37,500 Nmm ^-1 and in particular 750 to 15,000 Nmm ^-1 , are therefore preferred according to the invention.

In Fig. 1, such a press die 1 according to the invention is shown in a sectional side view. The illustrated embodiment has a lower stamp part 2 , whose underside 3 is the pressing surface, which can optionally be coated. Around the foot of the stamp shaft 4 around an annular wall 5 is arranged, which can also receive the likewise annular wall 6 of the upper stamp part 7 in a flush manner. The non-positive connection of the upper and lower parts of the stamp is made by the coil spring 8 . So that the pressure of the spring does not separate the two mutually movable stamp parts 2 and 7 , the lower stamp part 2 has a thread 9 in the head onto which a nut 10 can be screwed, which presses against the corresponding bore 11 in the upper stamp part. By turning the nut, the bias of the spring 8 can be changed ver. The tabletting punch 1 has adjustment and centering holes in the punch body and shaft, which enable its exact alignment in relation to the tableting press and the complementary tabletting tools. In the illustrated embodiment, the tabletting die 1 is an upper die.

The use of the tablet presses or ram described above in the manufacture of detergent tablets is also a novelty. Further aspects of the present invention are therefore the use of tablet presses, on the pressure roller (s) and / or on the pressure rail (s) in each case a flexible element with a defined spring constant, preferably with a spring constant of 2 to 1,000,000 Nmm ^-1 , preferably from 10 to 250,000 Nmm ^-1 , particularly preferably from 100 to 37,500 Nmm ^-1 and in particular from 750 to 15,000 Nmm ^-1 , is built in for the production of moldings, in particular of detergent and cleansing moldings, and the use of Press punches in which a resilient element with a defined spring constant, preferably with a spring constant from 2 to 1,000,000 Nmm ^-1 , preferably from 10 to 250,000 Nmm ^-1 , particularly preferably from 100 to 37,500, on or in the press punch (in each case) Nmm ^-1 and in particular from 750 to 15,000 Nmm ^-1 , is installed, for the production of moldings, in particular detergent and cleaning agent moldings.

Examples

By granulation in a 50 liter ploughshare mixer from Lödige, a th granules containing sid (composition see table 1), which is the basis for a particulate premix was used. Following the granulation were the granules in a fluidized bed apparatus from Glatt at an inlet air temperature dried at 60 ° C over a period of 30 minutes. After drying Fine particles <0.4 mm and coarse particles <1.6 mm sieved.

By mixing the granules containing surfactant with bleach, bleach activator and further processing components, a premix was prepared, after which in a Korsch eccentric press (type EK4) the premixes were compressed into tablets (see below). The composition of the premixes to be pressed (and thus the Shaped body) is shown in Table 2.

Table 1

Composition of the surfactant granules [% by weight]

Table 2

Composition of the premixes [% by weight]

The target hardness (breaking strength) of the tablets was set to 50 N. A 40% too "soft" tablet with a breaking hardness of 30 N was produced with a compressive force of 5.8 kN and had a height of 22.9 mm. A 40% too "hard" tablet with a breaking hardness of 70 N was produced with a compressive force of 12.4 kN, the tablet having a height of 20.3 mm. The above values were determined using a rigid stamp. For the example, this results in the spring constant:

The comparison molded body V with the target hardness 50 N was produced on a commercially available eccentric press Korsch EK4, which was not modified. The molded articles E according to the invention were produced using a press ram, the pressing surface of which was fastened to the punch shaft via a helical spring with a spring constant of 1000 Nmm ^-1 (ratio of the spring constant = 1: 2.54).

In a first series of tests (molded body series E1 and V1), the target hardness of Ta bletten to 50 N and the dosage of premix adjusted to 37 g. The immersion depth was larger in the method according to the invention since the spring was not preloaded. The Table 1 below shows the amount of pre-dosed for every 10 pressed moldings mixture and the hardness of the resulting shaped body.

Table 1

Detergent tablets [physical data]

Table 1 shows that in both cases (V1 and E1) the dosage of the premix was almost identical mean with a comparably small mean deviation, standard deviation and variance occurs. The resulting detergent tablets, on the other hand, are scattered In the case of comparative example V1, it is significantly stronger around the mean, which can be seen in the for E1 lower values for mean deviation, standard deviation and variance reflects.  

In the second series of experiments (molded body series E2 and V2) the dosage of Premix reduced to a target value of 34.5 g and the setting (eccentric level, immersion depth of the stamp) of the target hardness (same hardness as for E1 and V1) hold. The reduced amount of premix makes the tablets harder overall expected. This initially surprising finding (that in the case of rotary presses would not apply) can be illustrated by looking at the pressing principle of the Ex Center press present: The immersion depth of the press ram (which is caused by the eccentric position) remains constant and the amount of premix is reduced, in which the filling volume of the die is reduced by lifting the lower punch. Due to the constant immersion depth, the premix is used at a lower filling level more compacted (higher degree of compaction), so that higher compressive forces act, leading to leads to harder tablets. The following Table 2 shows 10 pressed bodies each the amount of premixed metered and the hardness of the resulting molding pers.

Table 2

Detergent tablets [physical data]

Table 2 shows that the hardness of the wash medium tablets does not increase by far as drastically as when using conventional tablets Apparatus is the case (mean value E2: 50.8 N compared to V2 67.1 N). In addition, the "Outliers" not so drastically high (highest value E2: 55 N, V2: 73 N). In addition, again observed that in both cases (V2 and E2) the premix was added almost identical mean with a comparably small mean deviation, Stan dard deviation and variance. The resulting detergent tablets, however In the case of comparative example V2, scatter extremely strongly around the mean, which is reflected in the lower values for mean deviation, standard deviation and Reflects variance.

In a third series of experiments (molded body series E3 and V3) the dosage of Premixed to a target value of 40 g and the setting (eccentric, Immersion depth) of the target hardness (same hardness as with E1 and V1). Due to the high The amount of premix is expected to be softer overall. Analogous to that in Explanation given in Example 2 can be done by lowering the lower stamp, d. H. a larger fill level of premix in the die with the same immersion depth, d. H. a lower degree of compaction. The following Table 3 shows for 10 each pressed molded body, the amount of premixed metered and the hardness of each resulting molded body.

Table 3

Detergent tablets [physical data]

Table 3 shows that the hardness of the wash by the procedure according to the invention medium tablets does not decrease as drastically as when using conventional apparatus the case is (mean E3: 40.2 N compared to V3 33.2 N). In addition, observ makes sure that in both cases (V3 or E3) the dosage of the premix is almost identical mean with a comparably small mean deviation, standard deviation and variance. The resulting detergent tablets, however, scatter In the case of the comparative example V3 again much stronger around the mean, which is reflected in the lower values for mean deviation, standard deviation and Reflects variance.

Overall, the procedure according to the invention thus eliminates inaccuracies tolerated the dosage of the premix much better than with the conventional Pressing. The under- or overdoses mentioned no longer lead to unacceptable tablet soft or hard tablets, rather the scatter of the tablet hardness becomes clear Lich reduced. This also makes the disintegration times of the moldings more uniform, which can be seen in Table 4, in which the results of the Zer drop tests are listed. From the series of examples E1, E2, E3, V1, V2 and V3 Place two tablets in a beaker with water (600 ml water, temperature 30 ° C) and the time taken for the tablets to completely disintegrate. The results of this Investigations are shown in Table 4.  

Table 4

Detergent tablets [physical data]

The results show that tablets with comparable hardness (V1 and E3) are comparable Show disintegration times, which was expected in view of the identical premix de. Comparing the disintegration times of the compression tests (i.e. E1 vs. V1, E2 vs. V2, E3 against V3), the tablets produced according to the invention show with respect to the Zer if necessary, a profile that is more independent of quantity fluctuations.

In the above examples, lower weight tablets had higher hardness and tablets with a higher weight have lower hardness, since the exzen terpresse the weight was set above the fill level of the premix. At a Rotary presses are subject to different conditions: the fill level remains constant and Ge fluctuations in the weight of the molded articles result from fluctuating bulk weights of the Premixed or from inaccurate dosing. This has the consequence that on a round trip tablet press the heavier tablets have a higher hardness at the same time.

Eccentric presses result in lower hardness due to the longer pressure holding times fluctuations, which is why the tablet weights above the Filling height in the die were varied more than is the case with rotary presses. The term "pressure holding time" is not strict within the scope of the present invention to be understood academically (period over which a pressure is "held", ie constant remains), rather than the period within which more than 5% of the maximum pressing force Act.  

Reference list

1

Tablet stamp

2nd

Stamp lower part

3rd

Pressing surface

4th

Stamp shaft

5

annular wall (lower part)

6

ring-shaped wall (upper part)

7

Stamp upper part

8th

Coil spring

9

thread

10th

Lock nut

11

drilling

Claims (20)

1. A process for the production of moldings by pressing a particulate premix, characterized in that a flexible element is installed with a defined spring constant in the force path of the tablet press. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the spring constant of the resilient element to the spring constant of the molded body in the area from 50: 1 to 1:50, preferably from 25: 1 to 1:25, particularly preferably from 10: 1 to 1:10 and in particular from 5: 1 to 1: 5 with particular preference for the range from 1: 1 to 1: 3. 3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the after common element on the pressure roller and / or pressure rail or on or in the press pel is installed. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the after common element is a coil spring, a plate spring assembly or a gas pressure spring. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the after common element has a preload that is 5 to 100%, preferably 20 to 90% and in particular 50 to 80% of the minimum pressing force. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the after common element has a preload that is 5 to 100%, preferably 20 to 90% and in particular 50 to 80% of the average pressing force. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the after common element has a preload that is 5 to 99%, preferably 20 to 90% and in particular 50 to 80% of the maximum pressing force.   8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the spring constant of the shaped body in the range from 100 to 25,000 Nmm ^-1 , preferably from 250 to 10,000 Nmm ^-1 , particularly preferably from 500 to 7500 Nmm ^-1 and in particular right from 750 to 5000 Nmm ^-1 . 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the part Cheniform premix is a detergent and cleaning composition and the moldings are detergent tablets. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the particulate Vorge contains mixed surfactant-containing granules and a bulk density of at least 500 g / l, preferably has at least 600 g / l and in particular at least 700 g / l. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the surfactant-containing granules Particle sizes between 100 and 2000 μm, preferably between 200 and 1800 μm, particularly preferably between 400 and 1600 μm and in particular between 600 and 1400 µm. 12. The method according to any one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the Granules containing surfactants, anionic and / or nonionic surfactants and builders contains and total surfactant contents of at least 10 wt .-%, preferably at least at least 15% by weight and in particular at least 20% by weight. 13. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the part Chen-shaped premix additionally one or more substances from the group of Bleaching agents, bleach activators, disintegration aids, enzymes, pH adjusting agents, Fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, color over contains wear inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors. 14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the part Chen-shaped premix a disintegration aid, preferably a disintegra  tion aids based on cellulose, preferably in granular, co-granulated or compacted form, in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular from 4 to 6% by weight, based in each case on the premix, contains. 15. Tablet press for the production of moldings, in particular washing and rice Detergent tablets, characterized in that on the pressure roller (s) and / or on the / the pressure rail (s) (each) a flexible element with a de defined spring constant is installed. 16. Tablet press according to claim 15, characterized in that the spring constant of the resilient element 2 to 1,000,000 Nmm ^-1 , preferably 10 to 250,000 Nmm ^-1 , particularly preferably 100 to 37,500 Nmm ^-1 and in particular 750 to 15,000 Nmm ^-1 , is. 17. Press ram for the production of moldings, in particular washing and cleaning agents Gmittelformkörper, characterized in that in or on the ram (each because) a resilient element with a defined spring constant is installed. 18. Press ram according to claim 17, characterized in that the spring constant of the resilient element 2 to 1,000,000 Nmm ^-1 , preferably 10 to 250,000 Nmm ^-1 , particularly preferably 100 to 37,500 Nmm ^-1 and in particular 750 to 15,000 Nmm ^-1 , is. 19. Use of tablet presses, on the pressure roller (s) and / or on the pressure rail (s) of each a flexible element with a defined spring constant, preferably before with a spring constant of 2 to 1,000,000 Nmm ^-1 , preferably from 10 to 250,000 Nmm ^-1 , particularly preferably from 100 to 37,500 Nmm ^-1 and in particular from 750 to 15,000 Nmm ^-1 , is installed for the production of moldings, in particular detergent tablets. 20. Use of press rams, in which on or in the press ram (each) a flexible element with a defined spring constant, preferably with a spring constant from 2 to 1,000,000 Nmm ^-1 , preferably from 10 to 250,000 Nmm ^-1 , be particularly preferably from 100 to 37,500 Nmm ^-1 and in particular from 750 to 15,000 Nmm ^-1 , is installed for the production of moldings, in particular detergent tablets.