DE19847426A1 - Complete harvesting machine for asparagus has harvesting tube connected to cyclone with earth return pipe - Google Patents
Complete harvesting machine for asparagus has harvesting tube connected to cyclone with earth return pipeInfo
- Publication number
- DE19847426A1 DE19847426A1 DE19847426A DE19847426A DE19847426A1 DE 19847426 A1 DE19847426 A1 DE 19847426A1 DE 19847426 A DE19847426 A DE 19847426A DE 19847426 A DE19847426 A DE 19847426A DE 19847426 A1 DE19847426 A1 DE 19847426A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- asparagus
- harvesting
- machine
- automatic detection
- detection according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
- A01D45/007—Harvesting of standing crops of asparagus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/10—Asparagus
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Harvesting Machines For Specific Crops (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Spargel wird in Erddämmen angebaut, um durch Lichtausschluß chlorophyllfreie, weiße Stangen mit geschlossenen Köpfen (Weißspargel) zu erhalten. Sobald der Spargel durch sein Längenwachstum die Oberfläche erreicht bilden sich im Damm kleine Risse. An diesen Stellen wird der Spargel bislang vom Erntepersonal manuell gestochen. Die Felder werden hierzu 2× täglich abgeschritten. Die Ernte ist somit sehr arbeitsintensiv und wird meist von Saisonarbeitskräften durchgeführt. Aus den USA ist eine Erntemaschine bekannt, welche den gesamten Damm abhebt und den Spargel in einem Arbeitsgang rodet (1). Da der Spargel jedoch zeitlich versetzt über mehrere Wochen heranwächst, werden mit dieser maschinellen Erntemethode nur geringe Erträge erzielt und die Qualität ist durch Minderlängen und Beschädigungen marginal. Das Verfahren hat sich aus diesen Gründen nicht durchsetzen können.Asparagus is grown in earth dams in order to obtain chlorophyll-free white stalks with closed heads (white asparagus) by excluding light. As soon as the asparagus reaches the surface due to its length growth, small cracks form in the dam. At this point, the asparagus has been manually pricked by the harvesting staff. The fields are paced twice a day. The harvest is therefore very labor intensive and is mostly carried out by seasonal workers. A harvesting machine is known from the USA, which lifts the entire dam and clears the asparagus in one operation ( 1 ). However, since the asparagus grows over a period of several weeks, this mechanical harvesting method only produces low yields and the quality is marginal due to short lengths and damage. For these reasons, the procedure has not been able to prevail.
Mittlerweile wird Spargel vermehrt unter schwarzer oder weißer, lichtundurchlässiger Folie angebaut, um den Erntezeitpunkt durch Erwärmung zu verfrühten bzw. durch Abkühlung zu verzögern und damit Saison-Höchstpreise zu erzielen. Die Spargel stangen können jetzt unter der Folie aus dem Damm herauswachsen, ohne grün zu werden. Ein Erntedurchgang pro Tag ist nun ausreichend, bei längeren Intervallen öffnen sich die Köpfe, wodurch die Qualität sinkt. Fahrbare Erntehilfen zum Abneh men der Folie sind bekannt (z. B. Spargelfuchs der Firma Böckenhoff, Dorsten), das Spargelstechen erfolgt jedoch weiterhin von Hand.In the meantime, asparagus is becoming increasingly opaque under black or white Foil grown to prematurely heat the harvest time or through To delay cooling and thus to achieve seasonal high prices. The asparagus poles can now grow out of the dam under the film without turning green become. One harvest per day is now sufficient for longer intervals the heads open, which lowers the quality. Mobile harvesting aids for weight loss men of the film are known (e.g. asparagus fox from Böckenhoff, Dorsten), the Asparagus stinging is still done by hand.
Da Saisonarbeitskräfte zunehmend rar werden und die Arbeitskosten für die Spar gelernte sehr hoch sind, besteht dringender Bedarf an mechanischen Ernteverfahren für Weißspargel.Because seasonal workers are becoming increasingly scarce and labor costs for the savings learned are very high, there is an urgent need for mechanical harvesting methods for white asparagus.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Spargelvollerntemaschine mit automatischer Erkennung und Ortung der Spargel unter Folie. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu grunde, eine Maschine zu schaffen, die sich insbesondere in Verbindung mit dem genannten Anwendungszweck zum vollautomatischen Ernten von Spargel höchster Qualität bei hoher Arbeitsleistung eignet, einen geringen Kraftbedarf hat und zu allen Erntebedingungen eingesetzt werden kann. The present invention relates to an automatic asparagus harvesting machine Detection and location of the asparagus under film. The invention is based on the object reasons to create a machine that is particularly in connection with the mentioned application for the fully automatic harvesting of asparagus highest Quality with high work output is suitable, has a low power requirement and to all Harvest conditions can be used.
Nach Fig. 1 enthält eine erfindungsgemäße Spargelvollerntemaschine mit automati scher Erkennung 1 ein Fördergebläse radialer Bauart (1) mit Zyklon (2), dem ein Ernterohr (3) mit den entsprechenden Schneidvorrichtungen nachgeschaltet ist. Der abgesaugte Boden wird im Zyklon (2) abgeschieden und gelangt über das Boden rücklaufrohr (4) bei Betätigung der Rücklaufklappe (5) nach Schneiden und Auswer fen des Spargels wieder zurück an die gleiche Ausgangsstelle. Das Ernterohr mit Schneidvorrichtung bewegt sich daraufhin weiter bis zum nächsten Spargel. Nach Erkennung durch Sensoren unterschiedlicher Bauart wird das Ernterohr neu positio niert und der Erntevorgang beginnt von neuem. Das Ernterohr ist mitsamt dem not wendigen Zubehör in einem schienengeführten allseitig beweglichen Wagen gela gert. Eine Kombination von mehreren Ernterohren mit Schneidvorrichtungen mit da zugehörigen Gebläsen, Zyklonen, Bodenrücklaufrohren und Rücklaufklappen und Steuerung ist möglich.According to FIG. 1, an asparagus harvesting machine according to the invention with automatic recognition 1 contains a radial type blower ( 1 ) with a cyclone ( 2 ), followed by a harvesting tube ( 3 ) with the corresponding cutting devices. The extracted soil is separated in the cyclone ( 2 ) and is returned to the same starting point via the bottom return pipe ( 4 ) when the return flap ( 5 ) is actuated after cutting and ejecting the asparagus. The harvesting tube with cutting device then moves on to the next asparagus. After detection by sensors of different designs, the harvesting tube is repositioned and the harvesting process begins again. The harvesting tube is stored together with the necessary accessories in a rail-guided carriage that can be moved on all sides. A combination of several harvesting tubes with cutting devices with associated blowers, cyclones, floor return pipes and return valves and control is possible.
Die Sensoren zu Erkennung des erntereifen Spargels können optisch, elektronisch, akustisch und nach anderen Methoden sein oder aus einer Kombination aller mögli chen Methoden bestehen, vorzugsweise wird eine Kamera mit nachgeschalteter Bil derkennung eingesetzt.The sensors for detecting the asparagus ready for harvesting can be optically, electronically, be acoustic and according to other methods or a combination of all possible Chen methods exist, preferably a camera with a downstream Bil detection used.
Der Antrieb der Positionierung des Ernterohres oder der Ernterohre, sowie der Schneidvorrichtung kann hydraulisch, pneumatisch, elektrisch oder aus einer Kombi nation verschiedener Antriebe ausgeführt sein.The drive of positioning the harvesting tube or tubes, as well as the Cutting device can be hydraulic, pneumatic, electric or from a combination nation of different drives.
Das Fördergebläse muß zur Förderung des Bodens entsprechend dimensioniert sein. Aufgrund unterschiedlicher Bodenarten und Erntebedingungen muß das Geblä se in der Drehzahl, des Drucks und der Fördermenge regulierbar sein.The conveying fan must be dimensioned accordingly to convey the soil his. Due to different types of soil and harvesting conditions, the fan speed, pressure and flow rate can be regulated.
Das Ernterohr mit Schneideinrichtung wird nach dem Abtrennen des Spargels ange hoben, die Schneideinrichtung geöffnet und der Spargel fällt auf ein seitlich neben dem Damm laufendes Gummilaufband mit niedriger und somit schonend arbeitender Bandgeschwindigkeit.The harvesting tube with cutting device is put on after the asparagus has been cut off raised, the cutting device opened and the asparagus falls on a side next to rubber tread running on the dam with a lower and therefore more gentle working Belt speed.
Die Schneidvorrichtung besteht aus einer biegsamen Ferderstahlklinge, welche in einer Kurvenführung im Ernterohr läuft und in der Art einer Guillotine die Spargel stange an der Basis abschneidet. Nach dem Schneidvorgang verschließt die Klinge das Ernterohr, um den Spargel auszuheben. Zum Ablegen des Spargels wird die Klinge wieder in die Ausgangsposition zurückgezogen. Weitere Schneidmechanis men, wie Irisblenden, Schneidzangen o. ä. sind möglich.The cutting device consists of a flexible ferrous steel blade, which in the asparagus runs in a curve in the harvesting tube and the guillotine-style cuts off the rod at the base. The blade closes after the cutting process the harvest tube to dig out the asparagus. To put down the asparagus, the Blade pulled back into the starting position. More cutting mechanism Men, such as iris diaphragms, cutting pliers or the like are possible.
Die Erfindung bringt den Vorteil mit sich, daß bei geeigneter Bemessung des Förder gebläses, des Zyklons, des Ernterohres, des Bodenrücklaufrohres, der Rücklauf klappe, der Schneidvorrichtung und der Sensorik mit Steuerung, ein optimales Ern teergebnis von hoher Qualität bei geringem Kraftbedarf erreicht werden kann. Des weiteren bringt die Erfindung den Vorteil, daß die Spargelerntemaschine sehr leicht gebaut werden kann, als traktorgezogenes Gerät oder als selbstfahrende Arbeitsma schine ausgeführt werden kann. Aufgrund der Folienabdeckung kann das Erntegut Spargel immer zu möglichst gleichmäßigen Bedingungen geerntet werden. Die Folie wird dabei von der Maschine vor der Ernte angehoben, die Ernte kontinuierlich mit tels geeigneter Sensoren und oben erwähnten Ernteorganen durchgeführt und die Folie nach ablegen der abgesaugten Erde mittels Bodenrücklaufrohr wieder abge legt.The invention has the advantage that with a suitable dimensioning of the funding blown, the cyclone, the crop pipe, the bottom return pipe, the return flap, the cutting device and the sensor system with control, an optimal nutrition high quality results with low power requirements can be achieved. Des the invention also has the advantage that the asparagus harvesting machine is very light can be built as a tractor-drawn device or as a self-propelled work tool machine can be executed. Due to the foil cover, the crop can Asparagus should always be harvested on as even a basis as possible. The foil is lifted by the machine before the harvest, the harvest continuously with carried out by means of suitable sensors and the above-mentioned harvesting organs and the After laying down the extracted soil, remove the film again using the floor return pipe sets.
Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekenn zeichnet.Further advantageous features of the invention are characterized in the subclaims draws.
(1) KEPNER, R.A.U.M. O'BRIEN: Mechanical harvesting of white asparagus. Transactions of the ASAE (1967), S. 145-149.(1) KEPNER, R.A.U.M. O'BRIEN: Mechanical harvesting of white asparagus. Transactions of the ASAE (1967), pp. 145-149.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19847426A DE19847426A1 (en) | 1998-10-15 | 1998-10-15 | Complete harvesting machine for asparagus has harvesting tube connected to cyclone with earth return pipe |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19847426A DE19847426A1 (en) | 1998-10-15 | 1998-10-15 | Complete harvesting machine for asparagus has harvesting tube connected to cyclone with earth return pipe |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE19847426A1 true DE19847426A1 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
Family
ID=7884490
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19847426A Withdrawn DE19847426A1 (en) | 1998-10-15 | 1998-10-15 | Complete harvesting machine for asparagus has harvesting tube connected to cyclone with earth return pipe |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE19847426A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2818497A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-06-28 | Michel Bougue | Asparagus harvester has lateral frames with sloping front sections and intermediate frame for raising plastic sheet, screw conveyors at rear redistributing soil on to sheet, after which it is firmed by trailing rollers |
EP1258186A1 (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2002-11-20 | Kirpy | Device for automatic harvesting of asparagus |
DE102005051032A1 (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2007-04-26 | Heinz Schmidt | Asparagus harvesting unit has laser pointer mounted under plate, on which piston and cylinder units are mounted, pointer being used to locate and swiveling blade on harvesting unit to cut base of stem, gripper then lifting it out of earth |
DE102007006224A1 (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2008-08-21 | Michele Guiseppe Rasa | Asparagus and longitudinally-extending fruiting bodies i.e. scorzoneras, harvesting device, has system for producing asparagus seaweeds from ground and having hollow body with cross section that is larger than diameter of asparagus seaweeds |
DE102007035300A1 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2009-01-29 | Weißenbacher, Gottfried | Method for harvesting pale asparagus, involves removing asparagus from asparagus surrounding perineal material before cutting of asparagus from asparagus perineal |
DE202008012429U1 (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2009-02-26 | Zimmermann, Robert | Machine for harvesting pale asparagus |
DE102009011368A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 | 2010-09-09 | Christian Bornstein | Agricultural machine for harvesting asparagus localizes the asparagus stem for a cutting unit to be lowered and sever the stem laterally and be extracted by a gripper |
CN108901304A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-11-30 | 常州工程职业技术学院 | A kind of novel Chinese yam cropper |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4003193A (en) * | 1975-03-14 | 1977-01-18 | Haws Spencer K | Stalk selective harvesting machine |
-
1998
- 1998-10-15 DE DE19847426A patent/DE19847426A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4003193A (en) * | 1975-03-14 | 1977-01-18 | Haws Spencer K | Stalk selective harvesting machine |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2818497A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-06-28 | Michel Bougue | Asparagus harvester has lateral frames with sloping front sections and intermediate frame for raising plastic sheet, screw conveyors at rear redistributing soil on to sheet, after which it is firmed by trailing rollers |
EP1258186A1 (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2002-11-20 | Kirpy | Device for automatic harvesting of asparagus |
FR2824699A1 (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2002-11-22 | Kirpy | "MACHINE FOR AUTOMATIC PICKING UP OF ASPARAGUS" |
DE102005051032A1 (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2007-04-26 | Heinz Schmidt | Asparagus harvesting unit has laser pointer mounted under plate, on which piston and cylinder units are mounted, pointer being used to locate and swiveling blade on harvesting unit to cut base of stem, gripper then lifting it out of earth |
DE102005051032B4 (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2009-04-16 | Heinz Schmidt | Device for semi-automatic piercing and pulling of asparagus spears |
DE102007006224A1 (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2008-08-21 | Michele Guiseppe Rasa | Asparagus and longitudinally-extending fruiting bodies i.e. scorzoneras, harvesting device, has system for producing asparagus seaweeds from ground and having hollow body with cross section that is larger than diameter of asparagus seaweeds |
DE102007035300A1 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2009-01-29 | Weißenbacher, Gottfried | Method for harvesting pale asparagus, involves removing asparagus from asparagus surrounding perineal material before cutting of asparagus from asparagus perineal |
DE202008012429U1 (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2009-02-26 | Zimmermann, Robert | Machine for harvesting pale asparagus |
DE102009011368A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 | 2010-09-09 | Christian Bornstein | Agricultural machine for harvesting asparagus localizes the asparagus stem for a cutting unit to be lowered and sever the stem laterally and be extracted by a gripper |
CN108901304A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-11-30 | 常州工程职业技术学院 | A kind of novel Chinese yam cropper |
CN108901304B (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2021-09-03 | 常州工程职业技术学院 | Chinese yam harvester |
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