DE19815006A1 - Method and filter device for cleaning liquids containing impurities - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for cleaning contaminants containing liquids, especially waste water contaminated with solids sern, in which the liquid to be cleaned is introduced into a rotatable container and contamination of the liquid on a sieve wall or a filter be held back.

The present invention further relates to a filter device for cleaning Liquids containing contaminants, especially with solids untreated waste water, with a container that can be rotated by means of a drive Picking up contaminants, with an inlet to discharge the clean the liquid and a sieve wall or a filter to retain Impurities.

The invention further relates to a method and an apparatus for cleaning a Filters.  

Such methods and a filter device of the type mentioned are Known to purify wastewater generated in laundries using solid, Textile residues, often referred to as fluff, are contaminated during a Washing process of textiles to be washed. To separate Such contaminants are vibrators in the prior art, heavy force filter systems, sedimentation tanks or centrifuges are used, which are a number of disadvantages.

If systems with filters, for example textile filters, are used, the Filters regularly manually with the help of scrapers, brushes or water or press Air jets are freed from the impurities accumulating in the filters. These procedures are very labor intensive and rely heavily on the care of those Person performing work.

When using gravity filter systems, filter fabric tapes are used, which, after being enriched with impurities, along with them to be disposed of. The consumption of the filter cloth tapes demands a high one financial expense.

The use of so-called vibrators with sieves caused by one constant wear of the screens high costs. It is a major financial expense also required when using sedimentation tanks. Eliminating the back stands is relatively expensive.

In a filter device of the type mentioned at the outset 37 15 022 A1, the liquid to be cleaned is placed in a rotatable container Picking up impurities, which has the sieve wall, initiated. The container is continuously rotated as the liquid is introduced. After a lot of impurities in the form of Fluff has accumulated, the discharge of the liquid and also the Interrupted rotation of the container. Then the impurities are manually scraped off the sieve walls. This approach is very labor intensive and causes relatively high costs. It also depends on the quality of the Work from the care of the staff.

The object of the present invention is a method and a Filter device of the type mentioned to indicate the / the disadvantages of  Avoids prior art and a simple and inexpensive way thorough cleaning of waste water or filters, especially with lint ver unpurified waste water from large laundries.

The invention solves this problem in the method of the type mentioned in that the rotatable container is rotated such that the Impurities are thrown out of the container.

The invention solves the problem in the method for cleaning a filter in that the filter is rotated in such a way that it returns from the filter held impurities are thrown off the filter.

The invention further solves the problem with a filter device at the outset mentioned type in that the rotatable container at least in sections has a circumferential wall, which with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotier ble container runs so obliquely that impurities picked up by Rotation can be thrown out of the container.

The task is also in a filter device of the type mentioned solved in that the peripheral wall of the rotatable container from a resiliently deformable material, so that the shape of the rotatable container can be changed during rotation due to centrifugal forces such that recorded all impurities can be thrown out of the container.

The task is also mentioned in the case of a filter cleaning device th type solved by a rotatable by means of a drive on which the filter can be attached and which can be rotated together with the filter in such a way that contaminants retained by the filter are thrown off the filter become.

The methods according to the invention and the devices according to the invention enable inexpensive and consistently thorough cleaning of Sewage that is contaminated. In the inventive Methods are due to the rotation of the rotatable container or centrifugal forces arising from the filter in the container or on the filter collected impurities, such as lint, from the rotatable container hurls or hurled from the filter. Manual cleaning is therefore not necessary anymore. The inventive throwing out or hurling  Contamination from the rotation of the rotatable container or the filter can in that the walls of the rotatable container or filter have an oblique course with respect to the axis of rotation or become elastic deform in such a way that the impurities can be thrown out. Alternatively or in addition, the axis of rotation can be arranged so that the contaminants be thrown out.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the Ver driving, the rotatable container is arranged around a substantially vertical Axis rotates, so that liquid to be cleaned in an advantageous manner from above introduced the rotatable container and the impurities in the container can be collected.

The impurities expediently become when the rotatable Container thrown essentially radially. Advantageously, the Impurities are thrown out or thrown off from the rotatable container ter or filter surrounding other container so that no Ver soiling occurs.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the method is characterized by this from that the rotatable container after accumulation of a certain amount of Contamination in the container is set in rotation. Only after accumulation the amount of impurities is spun off. The An the drive motor only needs to be activated for a short time. Advantageously becomes the certain amount of accumulated impurities by one detects electrical signal emitting detector, which is, for example is a pressure sensitive switch. With the help of the electrical Signals can then automatically turn on the drive motor for rotation become.

An embodiment in which a rinsing liquid is also particularly preferred or a gas is passed onto the screen wall to remove contaminants therefrom to replace. The cleaning effect of the sieve conversion through the Flushing liquid or the gas if it is during the rotation of the container is applied. The flushing liquid or the gas is preferably opposed to the Direction of flow of the liquid to be cleaned directed onto the sieve wall, see above that the impurities can be removed particularly easily. According to one  Training is used as a rinsing liquid cleaned liquid, so that no Fresh water is consumed.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the rivers to be cleaned liquid at an angle to a vertical in the rotatable container is initiated, this is due to an angular momentum thereby exerted on it set in rotation so that the impurities are evenly rotated in the Collect the clean container. In this way, the container is rarely needed to be rotated at high speed in order to throw out contaminations.

A preferred variant of the method is characterized in that a part the cleaned liquid retained in the rotating container and as Flushing liquid is used to clean the sieve wall or the filter. This is preferably done in that the rinsing liquid within one of the sieve wall formed and collected to clean the sieve wall by centrifugal forces when spinning the screen drum against the Sieve wall is rinsed. In this process variant, it can be cleaned te liquid without complex recirculation for cleaning the filter or the Sieve wall can be used. Rather, the beginning of a new filter cleaned liquid collected and at the start of the spin on the inside surface of the sieve drum and removes the finest residue stood at the edges of the sieve holes. This makes an expensive additional No need for sprayer.

Another preferred method variant is that the rotatable Container for cleaning the liquid closed and inside it a raised interior pressure is generated, and that the rotatable container for cleaning the screen wall or the filter is opened. By increasing the internal pressure in the rotating baren container when cleaning the liquid, the liquid flow and thus the filter performance compared to an inner one under normal pressure Container significantly increased. Characterized in that the rotating container for cleaning the Filter is opened, the contaminants retained in the filter can are discharged from the rotating container in the manner described above.

To carry out the latter, preferred embodiment of the method can, a device is preferred in which the rotatable container by means of a cover can be closed tightly. A Vorrich is particularly preferred device in which the cover also serves as a releasable brake. This can  the braking time after spinning the rotatable container to clean the Filters can be reduced to a minimum.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the peripheral wall of the rotatable container in is essentially frustoconical. In the event that the peripheral wall from is a rigid, hardly elastic material, it comes with this Embodiment during the rotation to centrifugal forces that ensure that due to the oblique shape of the truncated cone with respect to the rotation Axial force component acts on the impurities, which in this way Moved towards the expanding cone and out of the container to be hurled.

In the event that the container at least in sections from an elastic Material is shaped, preferably the frustoconical area, can due to the rotation of the frustoconical area due to the lowering Centrifugal forces, so that the impurities also radially in a simple manner are thrown out of the inside of the container.

According to a development of the device according to the invention are on the inner Surface of the peripheral wall of the rotatable container ribs provided are preferably arranged radially. These preferably take care of deformed Circumferential wall for the contaminants to be guided radially outwards and be thrown out.

The screen wall is advantageously designed as a cylindrical screen drum and attached to the rotatable container. According to a further training of the Erfin The rotatable container has a bottom with flow holes through which Liquid can flow through, so that the liquid due to gravity flows down and contaminants can be retained. The Soil essentially has the shape in a structurally particularly simple manner a circular disc or a circular ring. It is particularly simple Sieve drum coupled to the drive to rotate the container.

In an alternative embodiment of the device, the rotatable container has ter a bottom with a central opening, through the liquid can flow. At this bottom, an annular pot is preferably befe that he catches liquid flowing through the central opening and after  inside through a second central opening enclosed by the pot can run. Such a device is particularly suitable at the beginning of a new one Filter clock to collect cleaned liquid, which is later used to clean the filter or the sieve wall as a rinsing liquid in the sense of the previously described Ver driving can be used. The contents of the ring-shaped pot when centrifugal force throws the sieve drum onto the inner surface of the Pressed screen drum and removes the finest residues from the Edges of the screen holes. So the ring-shaped pot does something else time-consuming spraying equipment is unnecessary.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the rotatable container inside an outer Is arranged container which completely receives the rotatable container and ensures that the cleaned liquid and contaminants are collected become. In this way, no pollution of the environment occurs Contraption.

An embodiment is also preferred in which the device has a Has lid with which the outer container can be closed. The lid is preferably foldable and has a conically widening towards the bottom Circumferential wall on which a change of direction from the rotatable container expelled impurities from a radial direction in caused a direction along the lid and thus hurled Contamination in a collecting ring space for the flung impurities leads. This makes a separate baffle unnecessary. The fact that the Foldable lid, it allows easy access to the filter interior for maintenance and repair work.

An embodiment is also favorable, in which inside the outer container a partition is arranged that separates the container into an upper and lower space separates. In this embodiment, the rotatable container is expedient arranged in a recess formed within the partition. In the the liquid to be cleaned is introduced into the upper room with impurities, while in the lower room the cleaned liquid is removed from the container can be. The partition ensures the greatest possible separation of the ver impurities from cleaned liquid.  

Also preferred is an embodiment with a baffle for deriving thrown out of the rotatable container or abge from the filter flung impurities, which is preferably on the rotatable container is arranged. The baffle ensures guidance from the interior of the inner container thrown out impurities that were previously in the Have accumulated the annulus of the inner drum. Using the baffle, the Contamination, for example, on a path corresponding to the shape (in cross section) headed. Without the baffle, the contaminants would be sufficiently large Speed to be hurled at components of the device; there the contaminants could stick in an undesirable manner, which is caused by the baffle is avoided.

An embodiment with an inside or outside is particularly preferred ren container protruding spray tube through which a rinsing liquid or Gas - such as compressed air - can be directed onto the sieve. That way the sieve can be easily cleaned of impurities by the Flushing liquid or the gas is preferably applied during the rotation. This results in an immediate, rapid distribution of the rinsing liquid, which is one Cleaning benefits. The same applies to further training in which the spray tube is provided with several spray holes through which water splashes on the inside the cylindrical sieve drum can be guided.

A further development of the invention provides that the inlet for the contaminated Liquid in the middle between the screen cylinder and the frustoconical outside Wall of the rotatable container arranged and opposite a vertical is slanted. As previously explained using the method, this occurs for a good distribution of the contaminants within the rotatable container.

The device preferably has at least one detector for determining the amount of contaminants picked up by the rotatable container men are. With the help of the detector when a certain amount of Drive for rotating the rotatable container can be switched on.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the wall of the outer container is like a fan outlet extended helically and into an outlet connection for ejecting filter back stands passes. This way the contaminants can be easily Way can be removed from the outer container by snailing out  shaped part of the outer container are thrown out. With this out is preferably the wall of the rotatable container from one formed elastically deformable material, as previously explained.

An embodiment of the method for cleaning a filter is preferred, in which the filter together with a rotating body, preferably a rotating bar can be rotated.

In a preferred embodiment of the filter cleaning device according to the invention direction is the rotating body as a rotatable container according to the previously described preferred embodiments, and the filter is essentially arranged within the container.

The invention is described below using four exemplary embodiments of a filter Device described with reference to the drawings. Show it:

Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a filter device according to the invention in a vertical section.

Fig. 2 is a plan view marked II in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of a filter device according to the invention in a vertical section;

Fig. 4 is a plan view marked II-II in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a plan view marked III-III in Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 shows a third embodiment of an inventive filter apparatus comprising a guide plate;

Fig. 7 shows a fourth embodiment of a filter device according to the invention with a hinged lid and a drum brake; and

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the device according to Fig. 7.

The filter device shown in FIGS . 1 and 2 for cleaning liquids containing impurities and for cleaning a filter is used in particular for filtering contaminated liquids occurring in large laundries, which contain so-called fluff and other solids, and is particularly adapted for carrying out the inventive method.

The filter device has an outer container in the form of an essentially cylindrical outer drum 1 , which consists of liquid-tight plastic or metal. A central plate 16 is connected to the outer drum 1 by means of a plurality of supports 17 . The diameter of the substantially circular disk-shaped central plate 16 is dimensioned such that in the area of the supports 17 a sufficiently large access to an upper space 3 of the outer drum 1 is guaranteed when a cover 32 consisting of two parts has been removed.

A drive motor 18 , which is designed as an electric motor with a brake, is mounted on the central plate 16 . The drive motor 18 has a vertically arranged shaft 20 , which is fixedly connected with its lower, free end to an inner, rotatable container in the form of an inner drum 2 . The inner drum 2 is arranged completely inside the outer container, which is designed as an outer drum 1 .

The inner drum 2 has a base plate 27 which is connected to the shaft 20 , for example welded and has an essentially circular disc shape, which can also be referred to as the bottom. A plurality of flow holes 15 are formed in the base plate 27 , through which liquid can flow. On the base plate 27 - concentrically to the axis of rotation defined by the shaft 20 of the inner drum 2 - a sieve wall or a filter for retaining impurities in the form of a cylindrical sieve drum 9 is attached. The sieve drum 9 can be formed from a perforated plate provided with a plurality of holes and can be screwed or welded to the base plate 27 . The filter can be composed of a previously described screening drum 9 and a filter textile attached to it. Alternatively, it can be made of a rigid, porous material through which liquid can flow and which retains contaminants. The inner drum 2 can be understood as a rotating body, to which a filter - in the form of the sieve drum or the like - can be attached.

The inner drum 2 also has a likewise arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation, rotationally symmetrical peripheral wall 10 in the form of a truncated cone. The peripheral wall 10 is also BEFE Stigt on the base plate 27 and extends obliquely with respect to the axis of rotation (shaft 20 ). The diameter of the circumferential wall 10 increases with increasing distance from the base plate 27 , so that an annular space 24 , which is limited by the circumferential wall 10 and the inside by the cylindrical sieve drum 9 , extends upwards.

Starting from the inner wall of the outer drum 1 , a horizontally running ring base 5 protrudes into the interior of the outer drum 1 and is delimited on its annular inner edge by a vertically upwardly extending cylin dermantiform partition 21 . The dividing wall 21 and the circular base 5 divide the interior of the outer drum 1 into an upper chamber 3 and a lower collecting chamber 4 which serve as a collecting container. The ring base 5 has essentially the shape of a circular disk or a circular ring and is provided with a plurality of seepage holes 6 . The partition 21 includes a zylinderförmi ge opening through which the inner drum 2 extends. Between the ringför shaped upper edge of the partition 21 and the frustoconical outer wall 10 of the inner drum 2 there remains a distance so that there is no contact between the partition 21 and the outer wall 10 of the inner drum 2 . In the embodiment just described, the partition 21 is held by the ring base 5 . As an alternative to this, isolated supports can also be provided which hold the partition wall 21 and the ring base 5 can be replaced by a sagging net.

The outer drum 1 is provided with at least one closable opening 7 in the area of the upper space 3 , so that the upper space 3 is accessible from the outside to collect filter residues in the form of impurities on the ring base 7 , which collect in a manner to be described , to remove. The outer drum 1 has an outlet connection 22 through which cleaned liquid which collects in the lower space 4 can be removed from the outer container.

A spray tube 13 attached to the central plate 16 projects vertically into the interior of the cylindrical sieve drum 9 and ends somewhat above the base plate 27 of the inner drum 2 . The spray tube 13 has a plurality of spray openings through which a gas or a flushing liquid can be introduced into the spray tube 13 in a controlled manner by means of a valve 29 . The rinsing liquid is directed towards the sieve wall of the cylindrical sieve drum 9 in order to detach contaminants from the cylindrical sieve drum 9 which have accumulated there during the filtering process.

At the central plate 16 , at least one detector in the form of a level switch 23 is also attached, the sensor of which protrudes into the annular space 24 within the rotatable container in order to determine a certain amount of contaminants that have accumulated in the annular space 24 of the rotatable container . In the exemplary embodiment, the level switch 23 is provided for this purpose, which reacts to a mechanical pressure that originates from the accumulated impurities. Alternatively, an optical sensor could be provided to determine the amount of impurities inside the inner drum 2 .

Furthermore, an inlet pipe 14 for liquid to be cleaned is attached to the central plate 16 , in the outside of the outer drum 1, a valve 25 is connected and through the liquid to be cleaned from above into the inner drum 2 in the Rin graum 24 between the frustoconical peripheral wall 10 of the inside drum 2 and the cylindrical sieve drum can be introduced, as shown in FIGS . 1 and 3.

From Fig. 5 it can be seen that at least the arranged within the outer drum 1 section of the inlet pipe 14 is arranged at an angle to a vertical, so that the liquid to be cleaned can be introduced at an angle relative to the vertical in the rotatable container. By this oblique arrangement and introduction of the liquid to be cleaned can be generated in the interior of the inner drum 2 , in particular in the annular space 24 in a union union circulating ring flow within the annular space 24 , which ensures that the impurities retained in the inner drum 2 within the Annulus 24 are distributed. Alternatively, the brake can be released during the introduction of the liquid to be cleaned, so that the inner drum 2 is slightly rotated due to the oblique introduction of the liquid.

The alternative exemplary embodiment of a filter device according to the invention shown in FIG. 3 has, in addition to several similarities with the previously described exemplary embodiment, essentially the following differences:
The peripheral wall of the rotatable container is at least in sections, in the exemplary embodiment completely made of an elastically deformable material, so that the shape of the rotatable container changes during the rotation due to centrifugal forces compared to the shape of such centrifugal forces. The truncated cone 30 is made of stretchable rubber and is also essentially frustoconical. In order to achieve sufficient strength of the truncated cone 30 , it has a greater thickness than the truncated cone-shaped circumferential wall 10 according to FIG. 1.

As can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4, ribs 11 are provided on the inner surface of the peripheral wall of the rotatable container, namely the truncated cone 30 , which in the exemplary embodiment are formed in one piece with the truncated cone 30 from rubber and are arranged radially ( FIG. 4). The shape of the peripheral wall 30 a of the rotatable container with strong rotation is shown in dashed lines in Fig. 3.

The alternative exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 6 essentially corresponds to the first exemplary embodiment ( FIGS. 1 and 2), but additionally has an annular guide plate 34 which is connected to the rotatable container by means of a plurality of webs 36 fastened to the truncated cone 10 and can be rotated with it.

The sections in the embodiment in cross-section curved guide plate 34 serves, while the rotation of the truncated cone 10 ejected from the annular space 24 contaminants which have accumulated there, on zufangen and - in FIG. 6 downwards - to derive in the upper space 3, more precisely said to derive in the direction of the ring base 5 , where the contaminants threw out. The conditions led by the guide plate 34 Verunreini have a sufficient speed in order to be guided by the guide plate 34 so that they do not fall back into the annular space 24 of the rotatable container. The guide plate 34 can also have other shapes with different curvatures in order to be adapted to the properties of the contaminants (density, degree of moisture or the like). The webs 36 are attached to the upper edge 26 of the truncated cone 10 .

In a manner not shown, the guide plate 36 can be attached to the central plate 16 ; in this case, the guide plate 34 is stationary and cannot be rotated together with the truncated cone 10 .

The mode of operation of the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are described below:
The liquid to be cleaned, for example containing solids, is introduced through the inlet pipe 14 with the valve 25 open into the upper space 3 of the outer container (outer drum 1 ) so that the liquid is introduced into the annular space 24 of the inner drum 2 . Due to the inclined arrangement of the inlet pipe 14 shown in FIG. 5, either the inner drum 2 is set into slight rotation when the brake of the drive motor 18 is released , due to the impulse generated by the inclined position, or when the brake is applied, the liquid in the inner drum 2 easily rotates transferred. In both cases there is a uniform deposition of contaminants within the annular space 24 of the rotatable container. Contaminants, for example in the form of fluff, are retained on the sieve wall, which is formed by the cylindrical sieve drum 9 , and accumulate in the annular space 24 . The flowing through the cylindrical sieve drum 9 and thus cleaned or filtered liquid flows into the interior of the cylindrical sieve drum 9 and arrives due to gravity to the base plate 27 with the flow holes 15 through which the liquid flows into the lower space 4 from which it flows through the port 22 .

In principle, the liquid is cleaned with a device according to FIG. 3, in which it is introduced through the inlet pipe 14 into the annular space 24 and flows through the cylindrical sieve wall, while impurities are retained in the annular space 24 . The liquid cleaned in this way flows into the lower space of the outer drum 1 and can be removed through the outlet 22 .

After a quantity of impurities has accumulated in the annular space 24 , which is determined with the aid of the detector 23 , the valve 25 is closed and the introduction of liquid is thus interrupted. With the aid of a signal emitted by the detector, the drive motor 18 is switched on, so that the rotatable container (inner drum 2 ) is set in rotation. The container is rotated in such a way that the contaminants are flung out of the container. Centrifugal forces are responsible for this, which pull the contaminants radially outwards. Due to the frustoconical design of the outer walls, in addition to the radial effect on the impurities, the force component has an axial component which ensures that the impurities are pressed approximately parallel to the wall of the inner drum 2 upwards and outwards. After the impurities have passed the upper edge of the truncated cone 10 , they are flung off radially by the latter and collected by the outer drum 1 .

On the inner wall of the outer drum 1 , the impurities within the upper space 3 ( FIG. 1) will fall down and be caught on the ring base 5. The inner drum 2 will be rotated at such a high speed until all impurities are thrown out of the annular space 24 were. During the rotation of the inner drum 2 , preferably after reaching the maximum speed, the valve 29 is opened in order to pass a rinsing liquid through the spray tube 13 with its openings onto the sieve wall, ie the cylindrical sieve drum 9 , so that contaminants adhering to the sieve drum with the aid of the Rinsing liquid be rinsed off. The rinsing liquid can either be fresh water or liquid cleaned using the method according to the invention. In a manner not shown, the rinsing liquid could also simply be applied to the screen drum 9 from above and not be sprayed directly onto the inner surface of the screen drum through a tube projecting into the inner drum 2 .

After the impurities have been thrown off, the drive motor 18 is switched off and the brake of the drive motor 18 is activated, so that the rotating drum is braked quickly. The valve 25 is then opened again to introduce further liquid and a new cleaning cycle begins.

In a filter device according to FIG. 3, the impurities accumulating in the annular space 24 are thrown off in a different way. After a certain amount of impurities has accumulated within the annular space 24 , which is determined with the aid of the detector 23 , a signal emitted by the detector is used to switch on the drive motor 18 , whereupon the rotatable container is quickly rotated. Due to the centrifugal forces generated by the rotation both on the accumulated impurities and on the frustoconical peripheral wall (truncated cone 30 ), the shape of the truncated cone 30 is changed due to the high speed, which deforms elastically. The cone stocking 30 assumes the shape 30 a shown in FIG. 3, which corresponds approximately to that of a circular disk, when a certain speed is reached. The ribs 11 provide guidance for the contaminants on the circular disk-shaped wall to the outside (like the blades of a fan).

The contaminants are thrown into the helically widening region of the outer container and are thrown out through the outlet connection for ejecting filter residues, as indicated by arrow 31 in FIG. 4. In the discharge area, the wall of the outer container widens in the manner of a blower or compressor outlet.

During the rotation, a rinsing liquid speed can also be applied to the cylindrical sieve drum 9 with the help of the spray tube 12 , so that impurities which settle on the sieve wall can be loosened and more easily flung off. Due to the high speed, the rinsing liquid is atomized suddenly and penetrates from the interior of the sieve drum into the annular space 24 and reaches the upper space 3 of the outer drum 1 . Fluff and other filter residues are removed using the rinsing liquid.

Alternatively, can be introduced through the spray tube 12 ( Fig. 1, 3, 6) a pressurized gas, preferably compressed air, which instead of a flushing liquid ensures that a stream of compressed gas flows through the spray tube 13 onto the screen wall in order to avoid impurities have accumulated there to separate from the screen wall. For this purpose, the valve 29 can be designed in such a way that it can be opened suddenly and closed quickly in order to ensure a particularly effective detachment of the impurities from the screen wall in the event of an abrupt opening.

The guide plate 34 shown in Fig. 6 provides guidance of impurities flung out of the inner space of the inner container, which have previously accumulated in the annular space 24 of the inner drum 10 . By means of the baffle 34 , the contaminants are passed approximately on a shape (in cross section) ent speaking web, so that the contaminants are discharged through the baffle 34 obliquely downwards and fall onto the ring base 5 , from where they can be removed. Without the baffle plate 34 , the contaminations would be thrown against the webs 17 , the central plate 16 or the cover 32 at a sufficiently high speed; there the impurities could adhere undesirably, which is avoided by the baffle 34 .

The filter device shown in FIG. 7 for cleaning liquids containing impurities and for cleaning a filter differs from the device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 by three essential features:
First, instead of the central plate 16 together with supports 17, it has a hinged cover 40 with a peripheral wall 42 that widens conically towards the bottom. The lid is hinged to a hinge 44 shown on the right side of the drawing and carries on its top 41 the drive motor 18 with the shaft 20 to which the sieve drum 9 is attached. The outer drum 1 can be closed completely by the cover 40 . As a result, the cover 40 contributes to the fact that when the inner drum 2 is spun for cleaning the sieve drum 9, an air flow is formed which supports the cleaning process. The air flow is described in more detail later in the context of the explanation of the operation of the device in Fig. 7. The lid 40 makes the rest of the baffle 34 of the depicted in FIG. 1 Design superfluous by his be effected downwardly conically widening circumferential wall 42 a change of direction of the ejected impurities from a radial Abschleuderrichtung in a direction of the conical top wall 42 and abge in this way hurled impurities in the upper space 3 , which serves as a collecting ring space. In addition, the cover 40 enables easy removal of the filter residue and offers easy access to the filter interior during maintenance work.

Second, the device shown in FIG. 7 is equipped with a disk-shaped cover 50, which is engaged by stud bolts 52 , by means of which the cover 50 is guided in corresponding guides 54 in the upper side 41 of the cover 40 so that the cover 50 counteracts the force of Compression springs 56 can be raised and lowered with the support of the compression springs 56 . The disc-shaped cover 50 has a concentric opening in the middle, so that it has the shape of an annular disc with an outer peripheral edge 58 and an inner peripheral edge 60 . The outer peripheral edge 58 is chamfered and, in the position shown in FIG. 7, engages with the upper edge of the frustoconical peripheral wall 10 . The inner peripheral edge 60 is chamfered and is in the position shown in Fig. 7 with an upper circular peripheral edge of the cylindrical drum 9 in engagement.

In the position shown in FIG. 7, the cover 50 serves as a brake, which brakes both after rotation by friction between them and the cylindrical sieve drum 9 or the frustoconical peripheral wall 10 . The cover 50 itself is not rotatable. In its illustrated braking position, the cover 50 closes off the annular space 24 on its upper side. The cover 50 serves as a pressure lock when filtering the contaminated liquid and makes it possible to increase the internal pressure in the annular space 24 of the inner drum 2 . As a result, the flow through the sieve wall during filtering - and thus also the filter performance - can be increased significantly.

The cover 50 can be released to release the screen drum 9 and the circumferential extension 10 against the force of the compression springs 56 . The annular space 24 is then also open at the top. To raise the cover 50 , the stud bolts 52 connect the cover 50 to a lifting ring 62 . From the cover 50 is below the top 41 of the lid 40 , and thus within the closed filter device, while the lifting ring 62 is above the top 41 of the flap 40 and thus outside the filter device. Therefore, the cover 50 can be raised by means of the lifting ring 62 and the stud bolts 52 from outside the filter device against the spring force of the compression springs 56 to release the inner drum 2 and open the annular space 24 on its top.

Third, the base plate 27 'of the inner drum 2 of the filter device in Fig. 7 has a central annular opening which is enclosed by the sieve wall of the sieve drum 9 . The base plate 27 'thus has the shape of a circular disk which extends between the annular lower edges of the screening drum 9 and the frustoconical peripheral wall 10 . In the area of the central opening of the base plate 27 ', the inner drum 2 is equipped with an annular pot 70 which connects to the lower edge of the sieve wall of the sieve drum 9 and forms an annular collecting basin below the sieve wall on its side near the axis of rotation. An inner wall 72 of the annular pot defines a central opening on the underside of the screening drum 9 . The ring-shaped pot 70 replaces the spray tube 12 and is used to clean the screen wall of the screen drum 9 , as can be seen from the following description of the function.

The cleaning of the liquid containing, for example, solids takes place in the same way as in the devices described above, in that the liquid to be cleaned is passed into the annular space 24 of the inner drum 2 and seeps out of it through the sieve wall of the sieve drum 9 , the impurities in the liquid be retained by the sieve wall in the annular space 24 . The annular space 24 is tightly enclosed on its top by the cover 50 and the internal pressure in the annular space 24 is slightly increased. This improves the liquid throughput through the sieve wall and increases the cleaning performance. Purified water emerges on the inside of the sieve wall and fills the annular pot 70 until it overflows on its inner wall 72 into the lower collecting space 4 . From this, the cleaned liquid flows out through the connection 22 .

To clean the sieve wall of the sieve drum 9 , the cover 50 is first raised, thereby opening the annular space 24 on its upper side and also releasing the inner drum 2 for spinning. Then, with the cover 50 raised, the inner drum 2 is rotated at a high speed (approx. 2800 rpm; load multiple on the sieve wall = approx. 1050 g) for approx. 6-7 seconds. The cleaned liquid collected in the annular pot 70 is pressed outwards, rises due to the centrifugal force on the sieve wall of the sieve drum 9 , simultaneously penetrates from the inside out through the holes of the sieve drum 9 and loosens impurities there. Since there is more contamination in the lower area of the sieve wall than in the upper area and because the liquid climbs up the sieve wall during centrifugation and thereby cleans the more contaminated area of the sieve wall earlier and more intensely, the liquid collected in the ring pot is used particularly effectively. The contaminants loosened from the sieve wall are thrown by the centrifugal force in the manner described above to the outside against the truncated cone-shaped peripheral wall 10 of the inner drum 2 , rise due to their inclination of approx. 15 ° to the upper edge thereof and become outwardly against themselves downwardly flared peripheral wall 42 of the cover 40 pressed. From this conically widening circumferential wall 42 , the liquid contaminated with impurities, for example fluff, is conducted as described above into the upper space 3 and seeps through the seepage holes 6 into its ring base 5 , the impurities, for example the fluff, being retained. The water emerging from the bottom of the ring base 5 is thus cleaned and ends up in the collecting space 4 .

The ring base 5 does not necessarily have to consist of perforated sheet metal, for example, but can be realized by a net sagging downwards. This offers the advantage that such a sagging network has a larger filter surface. After the mesh has retained a certain amount of impurities after many filter cleanings of the type described above, the mesh is disposed of with these impurities and replaced by a new mesh.

The effect of the filter cleaning described above is further enhanced by the fact that, due to the high speed of the inner drum during the cleaning process, an air flow is formed which is directed outwards within the inner drum and thus blows the holes in the sieve wall of the sieve drum 9 . This air flow is directed upwards from the frustoconical peripheral wall 10 and then downwards again from the cover 40 . It passes between the outer circumferential surface of the truncated cone-shaped peripheral wall 10 and the upper edge of the partition 21 of the upper space 3 down through, flows back to the center of the collecting space and rises from there through the central opening enclosed by the inner wall 72 of the annular pot 70 through into the center of the inner drum 2 , from where it is forced outwards again through the holes in the sieve wall of the sieve drum 9 .

Due to the fact that some of the cleaned by means of the filter device Liquid is collected in the annular pot and used for filter cleaning no fresh water is required for filter cleaning.

If the annular pot 70 is a hindrance for some applications, it can be unscrewed.

Claims (40)

1. A method for cleaning liquids containing impurities, in particular waste water contaminated with solids, in which the liquid to be cleaned is introduced into a rotatable container and contaminants of the liquid are retained on a sieve wall or a filter, characterized in that the rotatable container is so in Rotation is set so that the impurities are thrown out of the container. 2. procedure for cleaning a filter, characterized in that the filter is rotated such that from contaminants retained in the filter are thrown off the filter become. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the filter together with a rotating body, preferably as a rotatable container is rotated. 4. The method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the rotatable container or filter by an essential Lichen vertically arranged axis is rotated. 5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the contaminants upon rotation of the rotatable Container or filter are thrown radially from this. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impurities are thrown out or thrown off from another container surrounding the rotatable container or filter to be caught. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotatable container or filter after accumulation a certain amount of impurities in the container in rotation becomes.   8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the determined amount of contaminants accumulated gene is determined by a detector emitting an electrical signal. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a flushing liquid or a gas is applied to the screen or filter is passed to remove contaminants. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the flushing liquid or the gas during the Rota tion of the rotatable container or the filter is applied. 11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the rinsing liquid against the direction of flow the liquid to be cleaned is directed onto the sieve wall or the filter. 12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the rinsing liquid by the method according to above claims cleaned liquid. 13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid to be cleaned at an angle against is introduced into the rotatable container above a vertical. 14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that part of the cleaned liquid in the rotatable Retain container and as rinsing liquid for cleaning the sieve wall or the filter is used. 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the rinsing liquid within one of the Siebwan Formed sieve drum collected and to clean the sieve wall Centrifugal forces are flushed against the sieve wall when the sieve drum is spun becomes. 16. The method according to claim 1 and one of the remaining claims che, characterized in that the rotatable container for cleaning the liquid  closed and an increased internal pressure is generated in it, and that the rotatable container is opened for cleaning the screen wall or the filter becomes. 17. Filter device for cleaning liquid containing impurities abilities, especially wastewater contaminated with solids, especially ge suitable for carrying out a method according to the preceding claims, with a rotatable container by means of a drive for receiving Ver impurities, with an inlet for introducing the liquid to be cleaned and with a sieve wall or a filter to retain impurities, characterized in that the rotatable container at least in sections has a circumferential wall, which with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotier ble container runs so obliquely that impurities picked up by Rotation can be thrown out of the container. 18. Filter device according to the preamble of claim 17 characterized in that the peripheral wall of the rotatable container an elastically deformable material, so that the shape of the rotatable Container can be changed during the rotation due to centrifugal forces that contaminants can be thrown out of the container. 19. The apparatus according to claim 17 and / or 18, characterized in that the rotatable container can be sealed by means of a cover ( 50 ). 20. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the cover serves as a releasable brake ( 50 ). 21. Device according to one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the peripheral wall of the rotatable container in is essentially frustoconical. 22. The device according to one of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that on the inner surface of the peripheral wall of the rotatable container ribs are provided, which are preferably arranged radially are.   23. Device according to one of claims 17 to 22, characterized in that the sieve wall is designed as a cylindrical sieve drum ( 9 ) and is attached to the rotatable container. 24. Device according to one of claims 17 to 23, characterized in that the rotatable container has a bottom ( 27 ) with through-flow holes through which liquid can flow. 25. Device according to one of claims 17 to 23, characterized in that the rotatable container has a bottom ( 27 ') with a central opening through which liquid can flow. 26. The apparatus according to claim 25, characterized by an annular pot ( 70 ) which is fixed to the bottom ( 27 ') in such a way that it collects liquid flowing through the central opening and overflows inwards through a second central opening enclosed by the pot can. 27. The device according to claim 23 and one of claims 24 to 26, characterized in that the cylindrical sieve drum ( 9 ) is fixed to the bottom of the rotatable container. 28. Device according to one of claims 17 to 27, characterized in that the rotatable container within an outer Is arranged container which completely receives the rotatable container. 29. The device according to claim 28, characterized by a lid ( 40 ) with which the outer container can be closed. 30. Device according to one of claims 23 to 29, characterized in that the screening drum ( 9 ) is coupled to the drive. 31. Device according to one of claims 17 to 30, characterized in that within the outer container a partition is arranged, which separates the container into an upper and lower space. 32. Device according to one of the preceding claims 17 to 31, characterized by a guide plate ( 34 ) for deriving from the rotatable container or thrown from the filter impurities, which is preferably arranged on the rotatable container. 33. Device according to one of claims 17 to 32, characterized by a spray tube ( 13 ) projecting into the inner container, through which a rinsing liquid or a gas can be passed onto the sieve. 34. Apparatus according to claim 30, characterized in that the spray tube ( 13 ) is provided with a plurality of spray holes through which spray water can be passed to the inside of the cylindrical sieve drum ( 9 ). 35. Device according to one of claims 17 to 34, characterized in that the inlet for the contaminated liquid in the middle between the screen cylinder and the frustoconical outer wall of the rotatable container is arranged and inclined to a vertical. 36. Device according to one of claims 17 to 35, characterized by at least one detector for determining the amount of contaminants absorbed by the rotatable container. 37. Device according to one of claims 17 to 36, characterized in that the wall of the outer container according to Art a fan outlet expanded helically and into an outlet connection to eject filter residue. 38. Device for cleaning a filter, characterized by a rotating body which can be driven by a drive, on which the filter can be attached and which can be rotated together with the filter in such a way that contaminants retained by the filter are thrown off the filter become. 39. Filter cleaning device according to claim 38, characterized in that the rotating body as a rotatable container according to a of the preceding claims 17 to 37 is formed and the filter substantially Chen is arranged within the container.   40. Filter cleaning device according to claim 38 or 39, characterized in that it according to one of the preceding claims 17 to 37 is formed.