DE19803998A1 - Drills for making holes in bone tissue - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a drill for making a bore hole in bone tissue. The inventive drill comprises a retaining part and a drill mount which is detachably connected to said retaining part via a coupling device. The invention is characterized in that the coupling device has a shaft arranged on one of two parts, and has a sleeve with a bore hole, said bore hole being complementary to the shaft, arranged on the other part. The shaft can be inserted into said bore hole. In addition, the inventive drill has a safety device provided for preventing a relative movement between the retaining part and the drill mount. Once assembled, the shaft engages inside the bore hole and the drill mount is secured on the retaining part. The retaining part and the drill mount each have a coolant bore hole provided for delivering a coolant, whereby the coolant bore hole of the one part has an opening in the bore hole of the sleeve, and the coolant bore hole of the other part has an opening in the area of the respective section of the shaft which is accommodated in the sleeve in a coupled state such that a coolant connection is produced for delivering coolant from the retaining part to the drill mount.

Description

This invention relates to a drill for making Boh stanchions in bone tissue, in particular for the production of a Implant bed in a jawbone to insert one Dental implant. Such drills must be used be permanently cooled as the bone tissue heats up would lead to necrosis when drilling. The cooling rivers In such drills, liquid is provided by a central cooling system bore, which passes through the drill and in the Connect the drill holder to the coolant supply line that will. The introduction of such a coolant hole, which typically has a diameter of 0.8 mm, on a Length of typically 20 to 30 mm is very expensive is reflected in the cost of such a drill.  

On the other hand, the actual drilling tool is wear part and must be retired after a certain period of time the. With the known constructions it always had to be entire drill bits can be replaced.

Trephine drills are known which have a drilling section Have cylinders with saw teeth at the lower end, which is detachable is connected to a holding part to take one out to allow sawn bone cylinders. With these, Trepan drills have the end of the holding part and the end of the drilling cylinder, which should be connected to each other len, each with the same diameter and have an Au external thread. The drilling cylinder is attached to the Holding part attached, and a lock nut is on the External thread of the two ends joined together in this way screws that the two parts are held together. This The type of connection is difficult to handle, however special if the drilling tools when inserting a Boh tion must be replaced, as this z. B. in the Her provision of implant beds or bone removal for a biopsy is the case.

It is the object of the invention to insert a drill to provide a hole in bone tissue, wel cher cheaper to manufacture and operate and lightweight is to be handled.

This object is achieved by a drill for making a hole in a bone tissue with egg Nem holding part and a drill bit, which with the holding can be partially detachably connected, and with a dome lungseinrichtung for connecting the holding part with the drill attachment that has a shaft on one of the two parts and one Sleeve with a bore complementary to the shaft on the other of the two parts, the shaft in the we noticeably insertable into the bore without lateral play  and a fuse to prevent a relay tiv movement between the holding part and the machining part comprises, such that in the engaged state the shaft in the hole engages and the drill bit on the holding part is secured.

It is preferably provided that the holding part and the drill each have a coolant hole for the passage of a Have coolant, wherein a coolant bore of one Partly a mouth in the bore of the sleeve and a coolant the other part of an opening in the area of the gene part of the shaft, which in the coupled Zu was received in the sleeve, such that in the einkup a coolant connection for supplying Coolant is formed from the holding part to the drilling attachment, which then essentially from the coolant holes of the Holding part and the drill bit and possibly a part of the Boh tion of the sleeve. The coupling device is like this set up that essentially all coolant is fed through the bore of the holding part into the Boh tion of the drill bit is initiated. Here, the Hole in the drill bit a larger diameter than that Have bore of the holding part. At least the coolant bore of the holding part preferably has an elongated shape.

The mouths of the bores are preferably aligned coupled state. In principle, however, can also in the Shaft and / or the sleeve formed a coolant channel that connects the two mouths. Preferably the two coolant holes are continuous, in the longitudinal direction bores running in the direction of the holding part Bottom of the sleeve or the face of the shaft open and face each other when engaged. The coolant tel can be held in the coolant hole of the holder via a cannula partly initiated. The coolant hole in the holder partly, however, can also be fixed with a coolant supply  be connected to the drill when the holding part has a fe most part of the drill.

According to the invention it can be provided that the fuse direction at least one locking element on one of the two parts (Holding part or drill attachment) and an associated recess on the other of the two parts for positive connection of holding part and drill attachment, which in the secured Condition the part carrying the sleeve with a location of the Shaft bearing part connects that outside the bore the sleeve on the side of the cutting area of the drill lies when the shaft is inserted into the bore. Before preferably this locking element is elongated, wherein the longitudinal direction is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the drill.

To prevent rotation, the shaft and the hole is formed in a complementary polygonal shape be and a safeguard against a relative movement in the longitudinal direction in the form of a clip, a spring clip or Like. Have. According to a preferred embodiment however, the shaft and the bore are cylindrical det.

According to the invention it can be provided that the clutch direction a positive locking device for security tion against a relative rotary movement between the holding part and Has drilling attachment, which at least one spring tongue one of the two parts and a recess for receiving from at least part of the free end of the spring tongue has, the spring tongue is preferably preloaded so that its free end pushes into the recess when it is accommodated in the recess.

It can be provided that at least one spring tongue on one of the two parts has a locking head and that other part a groove for receiving at least part of the  Free end of the spring tongue, which with a Vertie is provided for receiving the locking head, which is so is that the locking head engage in the recess can, if the shaft is inserted into the bore and the Spring tongue, at the end of which the locking head is located, at least is at least partially received in the groove, the recess fung is preferably arranged at the end of the groove. The Vertie Fung for receiving the locking head can be used as a substantially Chen in the circumferential direction of the holding part or the drill bit running groove on a limited area of the circumference, but preferably as a circumferential annular groove in one plane be formed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

In this way, the drill bit or the holding part is through the spring tongue and the complementary groove both against a twist (direction of movement transverse to the longitudinal direction of the Tongue or the groove) as well as against a relative movement in the longitudinal direction (direction of movement in the longitudinal direction of the Fe tongue secured).

Furthermore, a preferably attached to the holding part Sliding sleeve can be provided, which is arranged so that them over the locking element or the locking elements in a siche tion position can be pushed, such that the or Locking elements held in the recess or the recesses will / will be when the sliding sleeve is in the fuse position.

The sliding sleeve can be in the siche by a spring position preloaded.

According to the invention it can further be provided that the Sliding sleeve is detachably mounted.

For this purpose, the sliding sleeve can be ver with a threaded ring be screwed, which is opposite the holding part or the drill  Attachment is slidably mounted in the longitudinal direction, the Threaded ring means for preventing rotation supply relative to the drill bit or the holding part.

This device preferably consists of bores which each with a through hole in that part, which holds the threaded ring, are made to coincide can, so that the threaded ring by one or more one guided holding pins or the like can be blocked.

According to the invention, the securing device can have a spring have ring with several elastic spring tongues, which in the secure position of the sliding sleeve from this at least at least partially surrounded.

The holding part is preferably with a further coupling part for coupling to a driven bracket of a drill provided, but can also be fixed with a drill be bound or form part of the same.

According to the invention, a drill system is made available in which the individual components, d. H. the holding part and the drill bit can be replaced independently can.

In particular, a drill bit for inserting a Boh tion in bone tissue is provided, which is a dome lungseinrichtung for connecting to a correspondingly formed holding part such that a drill as before described is formed.

Likewise, a holding part for receiving a drill attachment for making a hole in bone tissue at one end and to connect to a drill at its other end, which a coupling device for connecting to an ent speaking trained drill attachment such that a drill  is formed as described above, for ver provided.

In the embodiment in which the holding part on a drill device is coupled, it can be a coupling device for releasably connect to a drill at that end have, which the coupling device for connecting to the drill attachment is opposite.

Finally, according to the invention, a drilling device for manufacturing provided by holes in bone tissue, wel ches a holding part as described above as a fixed ver has a bound component.

The two-part embodiment of the drill allows one easier production because the coolant hole is no longer must be introduced over the entire length of the drill. The shaft connection according to the invention allows a quick Put together and detach the two parts, what by that inventive security system with spring tongues and one Sliding sleeve for securing the spring tongues still favored becomes.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of a preferred embodiment form of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 shows a partially sectioned overall view of the inventive drill ei nes,

Fig. 2a shows a plan view of a drilling tower according to the invention,

FIG. 2b shows a partly broken away side view of a Bohraufsatzes according to the invention,

Fig. 3a shows a partially sectioned side view of the shaft of the holding part,

FIG. 3b shows a plan view of the shaft,

Fig. 4 shows the fitted on the shaft spring ring,

FIG. 5a is a sectional view of the clamping sleeve,

Fig. 5b shows a top view of the clamping sleeve,

Fig. 6 shows a top view of the threaded ring,

Fig. 7 shows a in a partial sectional view of the holding part according to the invention together with a tool for loosening the threaded ring.

The illustrated embodiment of the drilling system according to the invention consists of a holding part 1 and a drill attachment 3 detachably connected to the holding part, which is shown in this exemplary embodiment as a cannon drill, but can also be a twist drill or another drilling tool suitable for producing bone bores. The Hal teteil 1 has a shaft 5 , which is the base element of the holding part and is shown in Fig. 3a and 3b as an individual part. At its right end in FIG. 1, this shaft 5 is equipped like a conventional drill with a cylindrical shaft 6 and a coupling 7 for insertion into the receptacle of a conventional drilling device. At the opposite end of the coupling 7 , the shaft is expanded to a cup-like sleeve 10 which has a bore 14 for receiving a complementary shaft 16 of the Bohraufsat zes 3 . The shaft 6 has a cylindrical cooling medium bore 18 which opens into the bore 14 and can be connected to a coolant supply of the drilling device at the opposite end in the area of the coupling 7 .

Typical dimensions of the coolant bore 18 , to which the invention is not limited, are, for example, a length of 20 mm and a diameter of 0.8 mm. The bore 14 and the shaft 16 are dimensioned such that the shaft 16 , when it is inserted into the bore 14 , sits essentially free in this and the front end 20 of the sleeve 10 to a shoulder 22 of the drill bit at the end of the shaft 16 strikes. In this way, a perfect axial alignment of the drill with the shaft 6 and thus the drive shaft of the drill is guaranteed.

The shaft 16 has a central bore 24 which, when the drill bit 3 is inserted into the holding part 1 , forms a continuation of the coolant bore 18 , but with a somewhat larger diameter, and an opening 26 for delivering the coolant to the cutting area of the drill having.

To secure the drill bit against rotation and displacement relative to the holding part 1 , a spring ring 30 shown in FIG. 4 as an individual part is provided with several tongue tongues 32 , at the end of which a locking head 34 is formed. This spring ring strikes on one side on a shoulder 36 of the shaft 5 . The shaft 5 furthermore has longitudinal grooves 37 which extend through the sleeve part 10 and in which the spring tongues 32 run as shown in FIG. 1, an end region of the spring tongues 32 with the latching heads 34 projecting beyond the edge 20 of the sleeve. The drill bit 3 has in its coupling area longitudinal grooves 38 , which can be brought to coincide with the longitudinal grooves 37 of the holding part. The depth of these grooves is designed so that the locking head 34 can only be inserted radially outward from the rest position by deflecting the spring tongues 32 . The coupling area of the drill attachment 2 furthermore has an annular groove 40 which crosses the longitudinal grooves 38 in the exemplary embodiment shown, but can also be arranged at the end thereof or offset from it. This annular groove 40 is arranged and dimensioned such that the locking heads 34 can snap into this annular groove 40 and the areas of the spring tongues 32 projecting beyond the sleeve 10 in the longitudinal grooves 38 when the shaft 16 is inserted into the bore 14 up to the shoulder 22 , so that the drill attachment is secured both in the longitudinal direction and in the circumferential direction.

The spring ring 30 surrounds a clamping sleeve 50 mounted on the shaft 5 so as to be longitudinally displaceable, which can be pushed over the entire length of the spring tongues, or at least over its free end, and the inside diameter of which is dimensioned such that deflection of the locking heads 34 does not radially outward is possible if the sleeve 50 is pushed over it. It can also be provided that the corresponding spring tongue 32 is loaded radially inwards by sliding the sleeve 50 over a locking head 34 . The clamping sleeve 50 is detachably connected to a threaded ring 54 via a screw thread 52 . The threaded ring 54 can be moved on the shaft 5 , with a shoulder 58 serving as a stop at the transition to the sleeve 10 . On the side opposite the shoulder 58 , the threaded ring 54 is loaded by a spring ring 60 , which in turn is supported on a retaining ring 62 pressed onto the shaft 5 . The spring ring 60 presses the Ge windering 54 in the absence of external forces against the school ter 58 , so that the entire spring ring 30 including the locking heads 34 is enclosed in this rest position by the clamping sleeve 50 . Advantageously, the sleeve 50 is so be measured that in the rest position, as shown in Fig. 1, also covers the space between the threaded ring 54 and the retaining ring 62 , in which the spring ring 60 is located, so that this space is closed to the outside and is protected from the ingress of dirt. The sleeve 50 has egg NEN ring flange 51 , which serves for better handling when retracting the sleeve.

To couple a drill bit 3 to the holding part 1 , the clamping sleeve 50 is retracted by means of the ring flange 51 so that the spring tongues 32 and the locking heads 34 are released so far that they can move radially outwards. Then the shaft 16 is inserted into the bore 14 until the shoulder 22 abuts the edge 20 of the sleeve 10 and the locking heads 34 of the spring tongues 32 in the annular groove 40 most. Then the drill is turned against the holding part until the spring tongues 32 snap into the longitudinal grooves 38 of the drill attachment 3 . Subsequently, the clamping sleeve 50 is released, which is then pressed by the spring ring 60 and the Ge threaded ring 54 to the drill bit 3 out abuts against the shoulder 58 to the threaded ring 54 and the Spannhül se 50 the locking heads 34 includes, so that they are no longer can be moved radially outward and the spring tongues 32 are held securely in the grooves 38 and the locking heads 34 in the groove 40 . To release the drill bit 3 from the holding part 1 , the clamping sleeve 50 is withdrawn again, so that the locking head 34 can move radially outwards and the drill 3 can be removed. Advantageously, the groove 40 is designed such that, on the one hand, the locking head is held securely in the groove, but the drilling tool 3 can be removed by hand to change it when the clamping sleeve 50 is retracted.

In the course of a drilling process, body fluids and small bone particles can get into the spaces between the holding part 1 and impair the mobility of the individual components. It is therefore provided that the holding part can be disassembled for cleaning. For this purpose, the threaded ring 54 has bores 70 which can be made to coincide with bores 72 at the bottom of the bore 14 . Through the bores 70 and 72 , holding mandrels 74 of a holding tool 76 can now be inserted in order to fix the threaded ring 54 with respect to the holding tool 76 . As a rule, a plurality of holding mandrels 74 will be provided in the holding tool 76 , but only one such mandrel is shown in FIG . If the threaded ring 54 is fixed by the mandrels 74 of the holding tool 76 , the clamping sleeve 50 can be unscrewed from the threaded ring and pulled off in the direction of the coupling 7 . In order to facilitate the turning off of the clamping sleeve 50 , the ring flange 51 is provided with depressions 78 . Alternatively, it can also be specially designed for the attachment of a turning tool, for example in a polygonal shape. When the clamping sleeve 50 is removed, the space between the threaded ring 54 and the clamping ring 62 is easily accessible and can therefore be easily cleaned.

Various modifications and modifications to the above-described embodiment are possible. In particular, the drill 3 and the holding part 1 can be complementary to the embodiment presented, ie the drill has a receiving sleeve with a bore into which a shaft of the holding part is inserted for axial centering. From the point of view of being able to reuse as many parts of the system as possible, one will expediently continue to arrange the clamping sleeve and possibly also the spring tongues on the holding part. In principle, however, it is also possible to provide the spring tongues and / or the clamping sleeve on the Bohrauf set. In particular, it is possible to provide the clamping sleeve on the holding part and the spring elements on the drill attachment, the spring elements then being completely released when the clamping sleeve is withdrawn.

The holding part 1 does not necessarily have to have a coupling 7 for a drilling device or, more generally speaking, be detachably connected to a drilling device. Rather, the Hal teteil can also be firmly connected to the drill or form part of the same.

The in the preceding description, the drawings and  Features of the invention disclosed in the claims can thus probably individually as well as in any combination Lichung the invention in its various embodiments be essential.  

Reference list

1

Holding part

3rd

Drill bit

5

wave

6

shaft

7

clutch

10th

Sleeve

14

Bore the sleeve

16

Shaft of the drill bit

18th

Coolant hole

20th

Front end of the sleeve

22

Shoulder of the drill bit

24th

Hole in the shaft

26

Bore mouth

30th

Spring washer

32

Spring tongue

34

Locking head

36

Shoulder of the wave

37

Longitudinal grooves on the shaft

38

Longitudinal grooves in the drill attachment

40

Ring groove

50

Adapter sleeve

51

Ring flange

52

Screw thread

54

Threaded ring

58

Shoulder of the wave

60

Spring washer

62

Retaining ring

70

Hole in the threaded ring

72

Hole in the shaft

74

Holding mandrel

76

Holding tool

78

Deepening in the ring flange

Claims (13)

1. Drill for producing a hole in a bone weave with a holding part ( 1 ) and a drill attachment ( 3 ), which can be releasably connected to the holding part ( 1 ) via a coupling device, characterized in that the coupling device ( 10 , 14 , 16 , 32 , 38 , 40 ) a shaft ( 16 ) on one ( 3 ) of the two parts ( 1 , 3 ) and a sleeve ( 10 ) with a bore ( 14 ) complementary to the shaft ( 16 ) on the other ( 1 ) of the two parts ( 1 , 3 ), into which the shaft ( 16 ) can be inserted, and furthermore a securing device ( 32 , 34 , 38 , 40 ) for preventing relative movement between the holding part ( 1 ) and the drilling attachment ( 3 ), such that in the coupled state the shaft ( 16 ) engages in the bore ( 14 ) and the drill attachment ( 3 ) is secured to the holding part ( 1 ); and that the holding part ( 1 ) and the drill attachment ( 3 ) each have a coolant bore ( 18 , 24 ) for the passage of a coolant, the coolant telbohrung ( 18 ) of one part ( 1 ) an opening in the Boh tion ( 14 ) Sleeve ( 10 ) and the coolant bore ( 24 ) of the other part ( 3 ) has an opening in the area of that section of the shaft ( 16 ) which is received in the coupled state in the sleeve ( 10 ), such that in the coupled state a Coolant connection for supplying coolant from the holding part ( 1 ) to the drill attachment ( 3 ) is formed. 2. Drill according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one locking element ( 32 , 34 ) on one ( 1 ) of the two parts ( 1 , 3 ) and an associated recess ( 38 , 40 ) on the other ( 3 ) of the two Parts ( 1 , 3 ) are provided for the positive connection of the holding part ( 1 ) and drilling attachment ( 3 ), the latching element ( 32 , 34 ) the part ( 1 ) having the sleeve with a location ( 38 , 40 ) of the shaft ( 16 ) having part ( 3 ) which lies outside the bore ( 14 ) of the sleeve ( 10 ) when the shaft ( 16 ) is inserted into the bore ( 14 ) and the latching element ( 32 , 34 ) into the associated recess ( 38 , 40 ) are engaged. 3. Drill according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one spring tongue ( 32 ) with a locking head ( 40 ) on one ( 1 ) of the two parts ( 1 , 3 ) is provided and the other part ( 3 ) has a groove ( 38 ) for receiving at least a part of the free end of the spring tongue and is provided with a recess ( 40 ) for receiving the locking head, which is arranged so that the locking head ( 34 ) can engage in the recess ( 40 ) when the Shaft ( 16 ) is inserted into the bore ( 14 ) and the spring tongue ( 32 ), at the end of which the locking head ( 34 ) is located, is at least partially received in the groove ( 38 ). 4. Drill according to claim 3, characterized in that the recess for receiving the locking head as a Chen in wesentli in the circumferential direction of the holding part ( 1 ) or the Bohrauf set ( 3 ) extending groove ( 40 ) is formed. 5. Drill according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized by a sliding sleeve ( 50 ) which is arranged on the holding part ( 1 ) or the drill attachment ( 3 ) so that it via the locking element or the locking elements ( 32 ) in a fuse position can be pushed in such a way that the latching element (s) ( 32 ) is / are held in the recess (s) ( 38 , 40 ) by the sliding sleeve ( 50 ) when it is in the securing position. 6. Drill according to claim 5, characterized in that the sliding sleeve ( 50 ) is biased by a spring element ( 60 ) in the hedging position. 7. Drill according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the sliding sleeve ( 50 ) is detachably mounted. 8. Drill according to claim 7, characterized in that the sliding sleeve ( 50 ) is screwed to a threaded ring ( 54 ) which is slidably mounted in the longitudinal direction relative to the holding part ( 1 ) or the drill attachment ( 3 ) and a device ( 70 , 72 ) for preventing a rotational movement relative to the holding part ( 1 ) or the drilling attachment ( 3 ). 9. Drill according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the securing device has a spring ring ( 30 ) with a plurality of elastic spring tongues ( 32 ) which is at least partially surrounded by the sliding sleeve ( 50 ) in the securing position thereof. 10. Drill attachment for introducing a bore into bone tissue, characterized in that it has a coupling device ( 16 , 38 , 40 ) for connecting to a holding part ( 1 ) and there for producing a drill according to one of claims 1 to 9. 11. Holding part for receiving a drill bit for introducing a hole in bone tissue at one end and for binding with a drill at the other end, characterized by a coupling device ( 10 , 14 , 32 , 34 ) for connecting to a drill bit ( 3 ) for producing a drill according to one of claims 1 to 9. 12. Holding part according to claim 11, characterized in that it has a coupling device ( 7 ) for releasably connecting to a drilling device at the end which is opposite the coupling device for connecting to the drill attachment ( 10 , 14 , 32 , 34 ). 13. Drilling device for drilling holes in bone tissue, characterized in that it is a holding part according to claim 11 has as a firmly connected component.