DE19752870A1 - Harvesting system for root vegetables - Google Patents

Abstract

The system involves use of a collecting, cleaning and loading vehicle for already lopped, possible rooted out, vegetables (8) which are arranged in wide rows. The vehicle incorporates all necessary devices and the vegetables are picked up, cleaned, bunkered on an intermediate basis and finally, preferably with the introduction of a second cleaning stage, are loaded (9) directly onto lorries. The bunker (4) content of the vehicle, preferably through weight assessment when the vegetables are gathered, corresponds exactly to the desired loading weight of the lorry to be filled. The special devices for collecting, cleaning, bunkering and loading the root vegetables are incorporated in an agricultural multi-purpose vehicle accessible sideways for work purposes, with at least several, preferably steerable and driven wheels (1). Crossways to the road travel direction cross movement mechanisms are arranged.

Description

Falling agricultural prices are forcing agriculture perma nent for cost reduction. Cost reduction is common only possible by increasing productivity. Per increased productivity in agriculture almost always, bigger, heavier machines. With The weight and size of the machines usually go up but also an increasing strain on the soil in form of soil pressure, soil compaction.

By building special vehicles, which specifically the Requirements of a single, specific work step are adapted in agriculture, such as the top-loading bunker vehicles in the sugar beet harvest, tries to counter the problem of soil pollution to act. However, the conventional farmer comes across shaft technology in this area on two borders:

a

The scope for reducing the ground pressure is after the so-called crab entrance into this Found vehicles has quite exhausted. Further Soil pressure reduction is only possible by using Track chains or additional wheels possible, which the Distribute weight over a larger area, however, the immediate repeated running over of the cannot prevent the same floor area.

b

The previously common special vehicles, for example for on the one hand, the sugar beet harvest causes very high Acquisition costs - 6-row bunker loader to the DM 600,000, beet loading mouse around DM 500,000 On the other hand, you can only period of approximately three months can be used.

Both problems, ie both the problem of soil pressure and that Problem of only seasonal use of the sugar beet harvesting technology, to be solved.

To better illustrate the proposed solution To be able to provide, should first of all the usual Beet harvesting system can be described.  

1. Beet harvest so far a. Heading, lifting, picking up, intermediate bunkers

The beets decapitated and cleared by the 6-rowed beet usually immediately after lifting from the earth, transported from sieve stars to an intermediate bunker and as soon as it is full at the edge of the field on a heap (Beet rental) poured.

b. Picking up, cleaning, loading onto trucks

The sugar beet stored temporarily on beet rents to clean and load onto the trucks highly specific beet loading mice for use.

2. Proposal for sugar beet harvest new

According to the invention, the individual tasks are proposed Heading, lifting, picking up in the field, intermediate bunkers in the Köpf-Rade vehicle, intermediate storage on rents, Picking up rents, cleaning and overloading on trucks, largely from duplication, such as repeated Picking up and releasing temporary storage.

a. Heading / lifting

Heads and digging of the fruit, like some Systems have so far been the case, from the mountains of Fruits separated.

The Köpfrode units are becoming universal usable tractors connected.

To increase productivity, as well as to achieve beet swath as strong as possible is suggested to construct head lifting units that can be used over the so far go 5 or 7 rows. At for example 12 or 18, which is accordingly strong Tractors required.

For transporting these wide head lifting devices the road, a special chassis is featured hit on the head lifting devices, after the Undocking can be set by the tractor. This method is for example in combine harvesters from more than 3 meters already common today.  

b. Collect / clean / load

After the beets have been cut and cleared, they are located on a long swath, which may be due to cultivation of a "swather", possibly several Swath can form a swath, yet always in the field and not on the edge of the field.

Now comes the root crop collection according to the invention Cleaning and loading device ("WSRV") for Insert which the beets by means of sieve stars, Conveyor chains or the like from the swaths reads, preferably during the opening reading process, for example by brushing Cleans dirt and if necessary after a ge if necessary, permanent weighing and / or counting in a large intermediate bunker that holds a truckload promoted.

Is the bunker full, or are there in weight as many beets as the next one can or should transport loaded trucks the "WSRV" to the field edge and already overloaded it when picking up cleaned beets in a wide Loading conveyor belt onto the truck, during which Overloading the truck a second, preferred wise integrated in the transfer device level can be used.

Overloading should be featured as the beets are already have been cleaned and are already in the vehicle go much faster than this conventional loading mice is common. Part of the Loss of time spent by the "WSRV" collecting beets on the Spends field, will be caught up here.

Furthermore, it is not a logistical problem that respective discharge capacities of the trucks, that of the roots fear-collecting cleaning and loading mice to adapt. With well thought-out logistics, as with the previous beet harvesting technology, neither waiting trucks still waiting loading mice.

As soon as the truck is filled, the "WSRV" starts the work of collecting new beets from the swaths and clean.

With good organization it is possible that the beets on The day or the following day of the grubbing up and farmers can thus cultivate the field.

Because the beet season lasts until December, but that last beets were mostly cleared in early November to prevent frost damage, resp wise to be able to re-order the field, also further beet rents. The "WSRV" is suitable just as good as the previous beet harvesters.  

Additional costs, for example through additional needed "WSRV" during the time phase because more beets must be harvested than can be left, are not expected as they have been in use so far not beet loading mice located Days a week, 24 hours a day, but their actual operating times are removed significantly reduce free time. Free times, which the previous loading mice unemployed have to spend as they can't do anything else the "WSRV" are useful.

So that the "WSRV" from November when loading created rents on trucks with the previous loading can keep up with mice, it is suggested that the "WSRV" to be constructed so that instead of the pick-up device of swaths, possibly a high performance Reading device attached for taking rents can be.

At the end of the sugar beet season special structures for the sugar beet harvest and that, accessible to the sideways working method Vehicle can wait until the start of the next sugar beet harvest many other tasks inside and outside of agriculture. For example, the vehicle accessible from the side working as Transport vehicle can be used or attached by of liquid manure barrels, which may be transverse to Road direction are emptied to protect the ground manure spreading is used. Furthermore are among other things tillage, field cultivation, fertilization, Weed and pest control work conceivable.

According to the invention, the root crop harvesting technique is used again a completely normal part of the farmer shaft, which on the year round in agriculture usable fleet can be docked. The expensive, Fixed cost-intensive special position of 6-row (Kar toffel 4-row) and beet loading dock are no longer required.  

Special functions and special devices for the Implementation of the invention are of primary importance a. Picking up the beets

In order to pick up the beets from the swaths, if necessary in both forward and backward operation when driving sideways, it is proposed to look at the beet pick-up device on the rear bunker wall when driving on the road ( Fig. 1: Number 6 ), which for example consists of at least one Siebestern can consist of attaching the beets picked up by the swath to a chain conveyor that conveys the beets into the bunker.

On the beet picker (s), or at an appropriate distance above it, cleaning devices ( FIG. 6), for example brushes, can be attached, which, for example by permanent rotation, remove dirt from the beets picked up from the swaths, optionally both those provided with brushes Overall cleaning device as well as each individual brush can be designed to be movable.

Conveyor chains ( Fig. 7 and 8) are an alternative to sieve stars which, when working sideways for use on the outward and return journey without turning the vehicle, can fulfill their task of picking up beets, and which rotate in different directions . which can optionally be provided with retaining devices ( Fig. 7: number 23 ) to prevent the beets from falling back, and which are optionally arranged as a pair asymmetrically so that one or the other part of them is optionally active and the Beet up to a cross conveyor, which takes over the further conveying of the beet into the bunker, and where one or more beet cleaning systems can also be used in this embodiment.

Another way of picking up the beets from the swaths is such that, when viewed sideways, both the left-hand side, for example the driver's cab side, and the right hand side, that is to say the driver's cab side, are fitted with pick-up devices according to the invention, which if necessary, for example, by means of Storage on turntables are adjustable in their working angles so that they can absorb the beets from at least several swaths even if the distance between the swaths does not exactly correspond to the distance between the Auflesevorrich lines. See Fig. 9.

Another way to remove the beets from the swaths picking up is offered by picking the beet into the Center of the vehicle moving sideways misplaced, here are several options offer, two of which should be listed briefly.

Picking up the beets over a center, if necessary from Bottom to the bunker, conveyor chain running, which for picking up the beets from the ground with auxiliary and or cleaning devices, which if necessary Road travel are collapsible, is provided and which optionally arranged in pairs so that both in sideways forward travel as well as in sideways Reversing one of them becomes active.

Alternatively, it is advisable to design the pick-up devices that are stored folded when driving in the loading bunker in such a way that they can be used both as a pick-up device and as a transfer device, and which in this case can also be arranged in pairs if necessary. See Figs. 4 and 5.

b. Transfer device

For rapid emptying of the bunker and therefore quick Loading the truck, it lends itself to overloading direction may be significantly more powerful design as the pick-up device (s).

In order to free the beets from as much dirt as possible, It is suggested that the beets also during the over charging process, for example using brushes, reini treatment technically.

As already described for the pick-up device, it is conceivable, pick-up device and cleaning device in a device that fulfills both tasks combine.

c. Telescopic bunker walls

Since a truck has a lot of capacity, it is Demand for bunker capacity, that of a truck load should correspond to the system according to the invention also very large. Thus, for example, high Bunker walls required, but if necessary, traffic law or traffic problems can pose. Avoiding this is fiction according to an example driven by oil pressure, telescopically expandable bunker proposed.  

An expansion of the bunker capacity is also gone going to imagine that the extension is telescopic in width, taking into account the type, shape and timing the extension with the chassis of the Carrier vehicle, possibly electrotechnical, can be coordinated.

d. Beet counting and weight determination system

When removing beets often come differently powerful trucks for use. Even experienced drivers of conventional loading mice have among others because of this variety, problems, every truck with that load optimal weight for him. With every truck to be able to load the optimal weight for him for example in published patent application DE 196 05 601 A1 from 28.08.1997 a load cell for continuous er averaging the weight of the beet beat.

Systems of this type are due to the fact that the Weight not in a resting state but in one Movement state is determined, relatively imprecise. In order to however, the driver of the beet collection according to the invention Cleaning and loading house at any time by weight of the beets that have already been collected and pre-cleaned is a beet counting and weighing device proposed the beets by a given if with several side by side and one behind the other arranged, optionally with a processor connected light barriers, beet counting device tion, which is continuously the number of, a certain Counter-size, flowing through it stands, whereby it is of course predominantly, but not only about sugar beet, identified and which optionally according to a preferably predetermined, but also variably definable random principle determining time, or one after same predetermined random principle to be determined Number of pieces, the automatic drawing of a sample orders which together with this also Principle drawn samples in a separate, small intermediate bunker, which is designed as a scale is, and what the weighing process is free of disruptive influences, is carried out when this weighing device is filled to a certain extent, or reached a predefined number of pieces in it is. From the determined total weight of the individual Random samples, as well as the known quantity of the same, is based on the average weight of each stitch sample closed, due to the ongoing Total beet count again permanently on the weight of those already picked up Beets can be closed.  

The more samples taken and the more often the weighing was repeated, the more accurate the weight of the beets picked up. So is ensures that with increasing number and amount of conveyed beets, the accuracy of the measured value increases and thus sources of error are minimized.

Furthermore, the inventive method for Ge weight determination, which by different math mathematical and statistical methods are refined can, the previously unique advantage, in addition to To determine the weight of the beets and their number. There the beet quality very closely with the number of beets correlated per hectare, it is both for farmers, Seed producers as well as the sugar beet factories of Meaning, in addition to weight, the number of hectares to know harvested fruits.

The system according to the invention, which is a retrofit kit also in existing, conventional root crops could be installed in cooperation with special software, used for years, a lot extensive options for optimizing seeds, Fertilization, variety selection, time of harvest and the like.

To carry out the drawing of the samples noted that this, for example, by telescope arms, which with suction devices, gripping arms, Barbs or the like are provided can, and this in turn designed as a weighing device could be.  

Description of the figures Fig. 1

Fig. 1 shows a root crop collecting and loading vehicle according to the invention, in which the beets, viewed when moving sideways, on the wall facing away from the sideways travel direction by 90 degrees, are picked up by means of sieve stars. In order to optimally supply the root crops to the sieve stars, auxiliary devices, which can be sheets or the like, have been attached. For transport on the road, the swung out in the field, possibly made movable by means of turntables or comparable devices, is drawn in on the reading device, for example, analogously to the drawbridge method.

A disadvantage of this figure is that the cab of the vehicle, on the, the root side of the fruit swath. Alternative is therefore a system is conceivable in which the picking device (s) arranged on the cab side will.

Number 1 : conventional wheels. However, these are turned 90 degrees for sideways travel.

Number 2 : cross chassis. This can, but does not have to have its own drive.

Number 3 : cab.

Number 4 : Bunker for the root crops.

Number 5 : conveyor chain to convey the root crops into the bunker.

Number 6 : Sieve stars, which may turn in opposite directions.

Section 7 : Aid devices to feed the swath of beets cleanly to the sieve stars.

Paragraph 8 : Single beets / root crops.

Section 9 : Overloading device for loading the root crops onto trucks.

Fig. 2

Fig. 2 shows the top view of a vehicle according to the invention in the field in sideways travel in use.

Number 2 : cab.

Number 3 : root crop bunker.

Section 7 : extended transfer device.

Section 4 : conveyor chain.

Number 5 : sieve stars.

Section 6 : auxiliary device.

Paragraph 44 : If necessary, a turntable could be attached to move the pick-up device.

Fig. 3

Sideways view. The pick-up device ( 6 ) is shown in the raised and partially pivoted-out state.

Number 1 : conventional wheels, turned 90 degrees to the direction of the road.

Paragraph 2 : Cross chassis to reduce the ground pressure.

Number 3 : cab.

Number 4 : bunker.

Paragraph 6 : pick-up device for picking up the root crops from the swaths.

Fig. 4

Fig. 4 shows a vehicle according to the invention, in which the picking and transfer device are mounted on the bunker walls so that the picking of the fruit is not next to the vehicle, but in front of the vehicle.

Number 1 : conventional wheels.

Number 4 : bunker.

Section 6 : pick-up device.

Section 9 : transfer device.

Fig. 5

Analogous to FIG. 4, with the difference that the pick-up and transfer device for the transport on the road are drawn in and stored in the empty root crop bunker.

Number 1 : conventional wheels.

Number 4 : bunker.

Section 6 : pick-up device.

Section 9 : transfer device.

Loading and transfer device can, if necessary in one or more places with root crop be provided. Furthermore, on read and transfer device can be designed so that they can replace each other in their tasks.

Fig. 6

Fig. 6 is an example of the arrangement of a cleaning system by means of brushes. The beets ( 1 ) are picked up, for example, by a sieve star ( 12 ) over which a disc ( 13 ) rotating with cleaning brushes ( 14 ) moves.

FIGS. 7 and 8

These figures show a special pick-up device, which is preferably on the side of the sideways Vehicle is attached, and what the possibility offers the root crops in two directions increase.

Number 1 : Individual sugar beets.

Section 21 : Conveyor chains for picking up the fruit.

Section 22 : Cross chains for the further transport of the fruit into the intermediate bunker.

Paragraph 23 : Devices to prevent the picked fruits from falling back.

Fig. 9

This figure shows an inventive system in which the beets are picked up by means of two picking devices tions such that two swaths at the same time can be picked up. To achieve this goal reach the pick-up devices, for example stored on turntables and out with the ability equips their working angle individually to the course to adapt to the swath.

Number 3 : cab.

Paragraph 6 : loading devices.

Number 4 : bunker.

Fig. 10

Fig. 10 shows a sugar beet which passes through the measuring points S1 to S5. Several measuring points are necessary to recognize individual root crops as such.

Claims (7)

1. Root crop harvesting system and root crop harvesting method, characterized in that the root crops, preferably decapitated, optionally cleared, optionally cleared and preferably arranged in wide swaths of root crops using a special root crop collection, cleaning and loading vehicle, which has the necessary devices for this, preferably in a previous operation , picked up, cleaned, between bunkered and then preferably overloaded with a second cleaning stage, preferably loaded directly onto trucks and the bunker content of the root crop harvesting vehicle according to the invention, before preferably by determining the weight when picking up the fruit, relatively exactly the desired loading weight filling truck corresponds. 2. Root crop harvesting system and root according to the invention fruit harvesting process, characterized in that the special devices for collecting, cleaning, bunkering and overloading the root crops according to the modular system principle on one, the sideways working method accessible agricultural multi-purpose vehicle, with at least several, preferably steerable, preferably driven wheels, characterized records that essentially across the road Direction cross bogies are arranged, built will. 3. root crop technology, characterized in that picking up the beets from the swaths in sideways working in such a way that there are none Role plays, from the vehicle forward or laterally drives sideways backwards and for picking up the beets folds forward, backward or sideways, if necessary, movably mounted on turntables, optionally provided with cleaning systems and at Road trip stowable stowage device are attached. 4. Root crop harvesting technique according to claim 3, characterized characterized in that the pick-up and, if necessary Cleaning devices, measured when changing fields on the road, on the front of the vehicle or Vehicle rear or inside, when driving on the road emptied bunkers, stored and for stowing of these devices, for example pull cables or Telescopic arms are used.   5. Root crop harvesting technology according to the invention, thereby characterized in that the bunker volume is telescopic is expandable. 6. Root crop harvesting technology according to the invention, thereby characterized that the root crops Pick-up devices, if necessary, by means of special Feed mandrels are fed. 7. Root crop harvesting technology according to the invention, thereby characterized that all root crops during the Pickup process preferably several light barriers or have to cross other recognition systems, which ones Can recognize the beginning and end of an object, and who are able to recognize the Number of objects flowing through them (in particular Root crops) and which further according to the drawing according to a preferably predetermined random plan of samples, individually or together with several samples are weighed and thus based on knowledge of the sample weight and the stitch number of samples on the average weight of a individual root crop can be inferred and thus, based on the determined number of total harvested root crops to the total weight of the Bunker root crops are extrapolated can.