DE19719104A1 - Stereo-rigid metallocene for use in polymerisation catalysts - Google Patents

Abstract

Stereo-rigid metallocene compounds of formula (I) are claimed, in which M<1> = a Group IIIb, IVb, Vb or Vib metal; M<2> = carbon, silicon or germanium; R<1>, R<2> = H, a 1-40C carbon- containing group such as 1-10C alkyl or alkoxy, 6-10C aryl, 6-25C aryloxy, 2-10C alkenyl, 7-40C aralkyl or aralkenyl, OH, halogen or N(R<15>)2 (with R<15> = halogen, 1-10C alkyl or 6-10C aryl), or R<1> + R<2> may form part of a ring system; R<3>-R<9> = H, halogen, a 1-40C group such as optionally halogenated 1-10C alkyl or 6-30C aryl, 6-20C aryloxy, 2-12C alkenyl, 7-40C aralkyl or alkaryl, 8-40C aralkenyl, -Si(R<15>)3, -N(R<15>)2, -Si(OR<15>)3, -Si(SR<15>)3 or -P(R<15>)2 (with R<15> = as above or a ring system), or two or more adjacent groups R<3>-R<9> may form part of a ring system, preferably with 4-40, especially 6-20, carbon atoms; R<10>, R<13>, R<14> = 1-20C alkyl (preferably the same); R<11>, R<12> = H, a 1-40C group such as 1-20C alkyl, 1-10C alkoxy, 6-20C aryl, 2-12C alkenyl, 7-40C aralkyl or alkaryl, or 8-40C aralkenyl, optionally with substituents such as halogen, -N(R<15>)3, -S(R<15>)2 (sic), -Si(R<15>)3 or -OSi(R<15>)3 (with R<15> as above); and in which the ligand system is other than 4-( epsilon <5>-3'-alkylcyclopentadienyl)-4,6,6- trimethyl-( epsilon <5>-2-alkyl-4,5-tetrahydropentalene). Also claimed are: (i) catalysts containing (a) compound(s) of formula (I) and (b) cocatalyst(s); (ii) catalysts obtained by combination of (a) and (b); (iii) a process for the production of polyolefins by polymerisation of olefins in presence of these catalysts; and (iv) polyolefins obtained by this process.

Description

The present invention relates to a special stereorigid Metallocene compound and a process for the preparation of polyolefins in Presence of this special stereorigid metallocene compound.

From the literature is the production of polyolefins with soluble Metallocene compounds in combination with aluminoxanes or others Cocatalysts, which due to their Lewis acidity the neutral metallocene in can convert and stabilize a cation, known (EP 129 368, EP 351 392).

In the conference proceedings of the 1st Journal of Organometallic Chemistry Conference on Applied Organometallic Chemistry, page 136 describes metallocenes, which has a substituted tricyclic hydrocarbon as a ligand system exhibit.

When using soluble metallocene compounds based on Bis (cyclopentadienyl) zirconium dialkyl or dihalide in combination with oligomeric aluminoxanes give atactic polymers which, because of their technically unbalanced and insufficient product properties only from are of little importance. In addition, certain olefin copolymers are not accessible.

Derivatives of zirconocene dichloride in which the two are substituted Cyclopentadienyl groups via a methylene, ethylene or a Dimethylsilylene bridge can be connected due to their conformative rigidity as catalysts for the isospecific polymerization of  Olefins can be used (Chem. Lett. 1989, pp. 1853 to 1856 or EP-A 0 316 155). Metallocenes are particularly important (Substituted) indenyl residues as ligands for the production of highly isotactic Polymers with high crystallinity and high melting point (EP 485 823, EP 530 647).

Also of great interest are polyolefins with their property profile lie between these two extremes.

The task was to provide a metallocene compound which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and becomes Production of polyolefins is suitable.

The present invention thus relates to a stereorigid metallocene compound of the formula I.

wherein
M ^{1 is} a metal from group IIIb, IVb, Vb or VIb of the periodic table,
M ^{2 is} carbon, silicon or germanium,
R ¹ and R ^{2 are} identical or different and are a hydrogen atom, a C ₁ -C ₄₀ carbon-containing group such as a C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl, a C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkoxy, a C ₆ -C ₁₀ - Aryl, a C ₆ -C ₂₅ aryloxy, a C ₂ -C ₁₀ alkenyl, a C ₇ -C ₄₀ arylalkyl or a C ₇ -C ₄₀ arylalkenyl group, an OH group, a halogen atom or NR ¹⁵ ₂ , in which R ^{15 is} a halogen atom, a C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl group or a C ₆ -C ₁₀ aryl group, or R ¹ and R ² together with the atoms connecting them form a ring system,
R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ and R ^{9 are} identical or different and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C ₁ -C ₄₀ carbon-containing group such as a C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl group, which may be halogenated, a C ₆ -C ₃₀ aryl group which may be halogenated, a C ₆ -C ₂₀ aryloxy, a C ₂ -C ₁₂ alkenyl, a C ₇ -C ₄₀ arylalkyl, an C ₇ -C ₄₀ alkylaryl, or a C ₈ -C ₄₀ arylalkenyl group, an SiR ¹⁵ ₃ -, -NR ¹⁵ ₂ -, -SiOR ¹⁵ ₃ -, -SiSR ¹⁵ ₃ - or -PR ¹⁵ ₂ radical , wherein R ^{15 are} identical or different a halogen atom, a C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl group or a C ₆ -C ₁₀ aryl group or form a ring system, or two or more adjacent radicals R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ R ⁷ , R ⁸ and R ⁹ together with the atoms connecting them form a ring system which preferably contains 4 to 40, particularly preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms,
R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ and R ^{14 are the} same or different, preferably the same, and are a C ₁ -C ₂₀ alkyl group,
R ¹¹ and R ^{12 are the} same or different, and a hydrogen atom, a C ₁ -C ₄₀ carbon-containing group such as a C ₁ -C ₂₀ alkyl, a C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkoxy, a C ₆ -C ₂₀ Aryl, a C ₂ -C ₁₂ alkenyl, a C ₇ -C ₄₀ arylalkyl, a C ₇ -C ₄₀ alkylaryl, or a C ₈ -C ₄₀ arylalkenyl group, each of which is a radical Halogen atom, -NR ¹⁵ ₃ , -SR ¹⁵ ₂ , -SiR ¹⁵ ₃ or -OSiR ¹⁵ _{3 can} carry, wherein R ^{15 is} a halogen atom, a C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl group or a C ₆ -C ₁₀ aryl group, and the ligand system the compound of formula I is different from 4- [η ⁵ -3'-alkyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -2-alkyl-4, 5-tetrahydropentalen)]. In the event that M ^{2 is} carbon and R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ and R ^{14 are} methyl, it is preferred that at least one of the radicals R ³ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ and R ^{9 is} different from hydrogen and / or R ^{8 is} hydrogen.

The C ₁ -C ₂₀ alkyl groups R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ and R ¹⁴ can be unbranched or branched.

For compounds of formula I it is preferred that
M ^{1 is} a metal from group IVb of the periodic table of the elements such as titanium, zirconium or hafnium, in particular zirconium,
R ¹ and R ^{2 are the} same and represent a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group or a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, in particular chlorine,
R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ and R ^{9 are the} same or different and are a hydrogen atom, a C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl group or a C ₆ -C ₂₄ aryl group, or two or more adjacent radicals R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ and R ⁹ together with the atoms connecting them form an aromatic or aliphatic carbon-containing ring system with 4 to 20 carbon atoms,
R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ and R ^{14 are} a C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl group, in particular a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group,
M ^{2 is} carbon,
R ¹¹ and R ^{12 are the} same or different, and R ^{11 is} a hydrogen atom, a C ₁ -C ₁₀ carbon-containing group, in particular a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group or a C ₆ -C ₁₀ aryl group, and R ^{12 is} a hydrogen atom and at least one of the radicals R ³ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ and R ^{9 is} different from hydrogen and / or R ^{8 is} hydrogen.

Compounds of the formula I in which
M ^{1 is} zirconium,
R ¹ and R ^{2 are the} same and represent a halogen atom, in particular chlorine,
R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ and R ^{9 are the} same or different and a hydrogen atom or a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl or isobutyl or a C ₆ -C ₁₄ aryl group such as phenyl or naphthyl, or R ³ and R ⁴ and / or R ⁵ and R ⁶ together with the atoms connecting them form an aromatic hydrocarbon ring system having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular a six-membered ring, which can in turn be substituted
R ^{8 is} a hydrogen atom,
M ^{2 is} a carbon atom,
R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ and R ^{14 are} a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, or hexyl, in particular methyl,
R ¹¹ and R ^{12 are the} same and represent a hydrogen atom.

Examples of metallocene compounds according to the invention are:
[4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorotitanium
[4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorohafnium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-methyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-ethyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-isopropyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-isobutyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-cyclohexyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-tert-butylcyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-benzyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-phenylcyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene) dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-methyl-5'-methyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-ethyl-5'-methyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-isopropyl-5'-methyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-tert-butyl-5'-methyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-benzyl-5'-methyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-phenyl-5'-methyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-methyl-5'-ethyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-ethyl-5'-ethyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-isopropyl-5'-ethyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-tert-butyl-5'-ethyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-benzyl-5'-ethyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-phenyl-5'-ethyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-methyl-5'-isopropylcyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-ethyl-5'-isopropylcyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-isopropyl-5'-isopropyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-tert-butyl-5'-isopropyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-benzyl-5'-isopropyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-phenyl-5'-isopropyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-triethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-methyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-triethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-ethyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-triethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-isopropyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-triethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-isobutyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-triethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-cyclohexylcyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-triethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-tert-butyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-triethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-benzyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-triethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-phenyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-triethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6,6-diethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-methyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6,6-diethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-ethyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6,6-diethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-isopropyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6,6-diethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-benzyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6,6-diethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-phenyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6,6-diethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -4-ethyl-6,6-dimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-methyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-ethyl-6,6-dimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-ethyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-ethyl-6,6-dimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-isopropyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-ethyl-6,6-dimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-benzyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-ethyl-6,6-dimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-phenyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-ethyl-6,6-dimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6-ethyl-6-methyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-methyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6-ethyl-6-methyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-ethyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6-ethyl-6-methyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-isopropylcyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6-ethyl-6-methyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
4- (η ⁵ -3'-benzyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6-ethyl-6-methyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
4- (η ⁵ -3'-phenyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6-ethyl-6-methyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6-isopropyl-6-methyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-methyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6-isopropyl-6-methyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-ethyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6-isopropyl-6-methyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-isopropyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6-isopropyl-6-methyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
4- (η ⁵ -3'-benzyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6-isopropyl-6-methyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
4- (η ⁵ -3'-phenyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6-isopropyl-6-methyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-trimethylsilyl-5'-ethyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-trimethylsilyl-5'-isopropyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-triethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6,6-diethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl) -4-ethyl-6,6-dimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6-ethyl-6-methyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -3'-trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl) -4-methyl-6-isopropyl-6-methyl- (η ⁵ - 4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] dichlorotitanium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] dichlorohafnium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] -bis-diethylamino zirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] -bis-dimethylamino zirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-ethyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-isopropyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-benzyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-trimethylsilyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -indenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -indenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] dichlorotitanium
[4- (η ⁵ -indenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] dichlorohafnium
[4- (η ⁵ -indenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] -bis-diethylamino zirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -indenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] -bis-dimethylamino zirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -indenyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-ethyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -indenyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-isopropyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -indenyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-benzyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -indenyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-trimethylsilyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -2-methylindenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -2-methylindenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] dichlorotitanium
[4- (η ⁵ -2-methylindenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] dichlorohafnium
[4- (η ⁵ -2-methylindenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] -bis-diethylamino-zirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -2-methylindenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] bis-dimethylamino-zirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -2-methylindenyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-ethyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -2-methylindenyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-isopropyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -2-methylindenyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-benzyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -2-methylindenyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-trimethylsilyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -benzoindenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -benzoindenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] dichlorotitanium
[4- (η ⁵ -benzoindenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] dichlorohafnium
[4- (η ⁵ -benzoindenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] -bis-diethylamino zirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -benzoindenyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] -bis-dimethylamino zirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -benzoindenyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-ethyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -benzoindenyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-isopropyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -benzoindenyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-benzyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -benzoindenyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-trimethylsilyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] dichlorotitanium
[4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] dichlorohafnium
[4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] -bis-diethylamino-zirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] bis-dimethylamino-zirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-ethyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-isopropyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-benzyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (2-trimethylsilyl) -η ⁵ -tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2,4-dimethyl-6-phenyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-ethyl-4-methyl-6-phenyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene) dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-phenyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) - (2-tert-butyl) -4-methyl-6-phenyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-benzyl-4-methyl-6-phenyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-trimethylsilyl-4-methyl-6-phenyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2,4-dimethyl-6-o-anisyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene) dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-ethyl-4-methyl-6-o-anisyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-o-anisyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) - (2-tert-butyl) -4-methyl-6-o-anisyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-benzyl-4-methyl-6-o-anisyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-trimethylsilyl-4-methyl-6-o-anisyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-methyl-4,6-diphenyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluoronyl) -2-ethyl-4,6-diphenyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene) dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-isopropyl-4,6-diphenyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene) dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) - (2-tert-butyl) -4,6-diphenyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-benzyl-4,6-diphenyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-trimethylsilyl-4,6-diphenyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2,4-dimethyl-6-p-tolyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-ethyl-4-methyl-6-p-tolyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-p-tolyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) - (2-tert-butyl) -4-methyl-6-p-tolyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-benzyl-4-methyl-6-p-tolyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-trimethylsilyl-4-methyl-6-p-tolyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene) dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2,4-dimethyl-6-naphthyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene) dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-ethyl-4-methyl-6-naphthyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-naphthyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) - (2-tert-butyl) -4-methyl-6-naphthyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen] - dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2-benzyl-4-methyl-6-naphthyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluoronyl) -2-trimethylsilyl-4-methyl-6-naphthyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorozirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2,4-dimethyl-6-phenyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorotitanium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2,4-dimethyl-6-phenyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] dichlorohafnium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2,4-dimethyl-6-phenyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] -bis-diethylamino-zirconium
[4- (η ⁵ -fluorenyl) -2,4-dimethyl-6-phenyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene] bis-dimethylamino-zirconium.

The naming of the above-mentioned compounds according to the invention is to be illustrated using the compound [4- (η ⁵ -3'-isopropyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium.

The preparation of the metallocenes according to the invention is to be illustrated by the following reaction scheme using metallocenes of the formula VI. M ^{4 is} a metal from main group Ia, IIa or IIIa of the Periodic Table of the Elements, Hal is a halogen atom, the radicals R ³ -R ¹¹ , R ¹³ and R ¹⁴ have the same meaning as in formula I and R ¹² is hydrogen.

The compounds of the formula IIb can be obtained from α, β-unsaturated ketones (Chem. Ber. 123, 549 (1990), J. Org. Chem. 54, 4981 (1989)) according to literature Methods are made.

The reaction of the compound of formula IIb to ligand system III takes place by reaction with a compound RM ⁴ which is an organometallic compound (e.g. cyclopentadienyllithium, indenyllithium, fluorenyllithium) or a Grignard reagent (e.g. cyclopentadienyl MgHal, indenyl MgHal, fluorenyl MgHal) can be.

The salts of the formula III can be converted directly to the corresponding dianion compounds of the formula V by deprotonation with, for example, butyllithium. The hydrolysis of compound III leads to the formation of the biscyclopentadiene compound IV, which is obtained as a mixture of constitutional isomers and can be purified by chromatography. Deprotonation of IV twice with, for example, butyllithium forms the dianion compound of the formula V, which is reacted with M ¹ Hal ₄ to give the metallocene of the formula VI.

Metallocenes of the formula VI can be reacted with organometallic compounds such as Grignard reagents or hydrocarbon-lithium reagents to give metallocenes of the formula I in which R ¹ and R ^{2 are} not halogen. The reaction to the bridged metallocenes of the formula VI and the isolation of the desired complexes is known in principle. For this purpose, the dianion of formula V in an inert solvent with the corresponding metal halide such as. B. implemented zirconium tetrachloride. The metallocenes of the formula VI can also be synthesized directly from the difulvenes of the formula II without isolation of the intermediates.

Suitable solvents are aliphatic or aromatic solvents, such as for example hexane or toluene, ethereal solvents such as Tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether or halogenated hydrocarbons, such as for example methylene chloride or halogenated aromatic Hydrocarbons such as o-dichlorobenzene.

A further possibility for the preparation of the metallocene compounds according to the invention consists in the reaction of the ligand precursor VII with the cyclopentadiene VIII, both of which can be prepared in accordance with the regulations known from the literature. The compounds IX can be thermally cyclized to the ligand precursors X according to a procedure known in the literature (Chem. Ber. 120, 1611 (1987)). X is converted to XI using an organometallic compound (such as cyclopentadienyllithium, indenyllithium, fluorenyllithium) or Grignard reagents.

The dianion compound of formula Va can directly by reacting X with an organometallic reagent (such as phenyllithium, Methyl lithium, n-butyllithium or Grignard reagents). The hydrolysis of Va with water leads to the generation of ligand precursors IV.

The conversion to the bridged metallocenes of the formula VIa and the Isolation of the desired complexes is known in principle. For this, the Dianion of the formula Va in an inert solvent with the corresponding Metal halide such as B. implemented zirconium tetrachloride. The metallocenes of the  Formula VIa can also be obtained directly from the fulvenes of structure X without isolation of the intermediate stages are synthesized.

Suitable solvents are aliphatic or aromatic solvents such as hexane or toluene, ethereal solvents such as tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether or halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as o-dichlorobenzene.

Biscyclopentadienyl compounds of the formula IV in which at least one of the radicals R ³ to R ⁶ and at least one of the radicals R ⁷ to R ^{9 is} hydrogen and at least one of the radicals R ³ to R ^{9 is} different from hydrogen can be obtained by methods known from the literature be converted to the fulvene of the formula IVb or IVc. This is to be illustrated by the reaction scheme below, where R ¹⁶ , R ¹⁷ , R ¹⁹ and R ^{20 are the} same or different and are defined as R ¹⁰ .

By reacting the fulvene IVb with organometallic compounds of the formula R ¹⁸ M ⁵ (where R ¹⁶ , R ¹⁷ , R ¹⁸ , R ¹⁹ and R ^{20 are the} same or different and are defined as R ¹⁰ ; M ⁵ is defined as M ⁴ ) to form the monoanion compound III. The use of two equivalents of R ¹⁸ M ⁵ leads directly to the formation of the dianion compound Vb.

The reaction of the fulvene IVc leads to the formation of the dianion compound Vc in accordance with the reaction of IVa.

The biscyclopentadienyl anions of the formula V can be reacted with compounds R ²¹ _p M ⁶ X in which
M ⁶ an element of III.-V. Main group is
X is a leaving group such as halogen, tosylate, triflate,
R ²¹ is defined as R ¹⁰ , and
p is an integer from 1 to 5.

This is illustrated by the following reaction scheme:

Compounds of the formula XII in which at least one of the radicals R ³ to R ⁶ and at least one of the radicals R ⁷ to R ^{9 is} hydrogen can be converted into the metallocenes according to the invention.

R ¹² in the compounds of the formulas IIb, III, IV, V, VI, X, XI, Va, VIa, IVb, IVc, Vb, Vc and XII is hydrogen. R ¹⁴ in the compounds of the formulas X, XI, Va and VIa is hydrogen. The salts of the formula IIIb can be converted directly to the corresponding dianion compounds of the formula Va by deprotonation with, for example, butyllithium. The conversion to the metallocenes of the formula I takes place in accordance with the reaction from V to VI.

The metallocenes according to the invention are highly active catalyst components for olefin polymerization. Depending on the substitution pattern of the ligands the metallocenes are obtained as a mixture of isomers. The metallocenes are preferably used isomerically pure. The use of the racemate is in the sufficient in most cases.

However, the pure enantiomer can also be used in the (+) - or (-)-Shape. With the pure enantiomers is an optically active polymer producible. However, the configuration isomeric forms should be separated the metallocenes, since the polymerization-active center (the metal atom) in a polymer with different properties. For certain applications, for example soft molded articles, can do this be entirely desirable.

The present invention also relates to a method for producing a Polyolefin by polymerizing at least one olefin in the presence of a Catalyst of the at least one cocatalyst and at least one contains stereorigid metallocene compound of the formula I. Under the term Polymerization becomes homopolymerization as well as copolymerization Understood.  

In the process according to the invention, one or more olefins of the formula R ^a -CH = CH-R ^b are preferably polymerized, in which R ^a and R ^{b are} identical or different and are a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 C atoms, in particular 1 to 10 C atoms, and R ^a and R ^b together with the atoms connecting them can form one or more rings. Examples of such olefins are 1-olefins having 2 to 40, preferably 2-10, carbon atoms, such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene or 1-octene, Styrene, dienes such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,4-hexadiene or cyclic olefins.

Ethylene or propylene are preferred in the process according to the invention homopolymerized, or ethylene with one or more cyclic olefins, such as norbornene, and / or one or more acyclic 1-olefins with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, such as propylene, and / or one or more dienes with 4 to 20 C atoms, such as 1,3-butadiene or 1,4-hexadiene, copolymerized. Examples such copolymers are ethylene / norbornene copolymers, ethylene / propylene Copolymers and ethylene / propylene / 1,4-hexadiene copolymers.

The polymerization is preferred at a temperature of -60 to 250 ° C, particularly preferably 50 to 200 ° C, carried out. The pressure is preferred 0.5 to 2000 bar, particularly preferably 5 to 64 bar.

The polymerization can be in solution, in bulk, in suspension or in the Gas phase, continuous or discontinuous, one or more stages be performed. A preferred embodiment is the gas phase and Solution polymerization.

The one used in the process according to the invention preferably contains Catalyst a metallocene compound. Mixtures of two can also be used or more metallocene compounds are used, e.g. B. for production of polyolefins with broad or multimodal molecular weight distribution.  

In principle, each is a cocatalyst in the process according to the invention Compound suitable because of its Lewis acidity the neutral metallocene can convert into a cation and stabilize it ("unstable coordination"). In addition, the cocatalyst or the anion formed from it should not enter into further reactions with the metallocene cation formed (EP 427 697). An aluminum compound is preferred as the cocatalyst and / or a boron compound is used.

The boron compound preferably has the formula R ²² _x NH _4-x BR ²³ ₄ , R ²² _x PH _4-x BR ²³ ₄ , R ²² ₃ CBR ²³ ₄ or BR ²³ ₃ , where x is a number from 1 to 4, preferably 3 , means the radicals R ^{22 are the} same or different, preferably the same, and are C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl or C ₆ -C ₁₈ aryl, or two radicals R ²² form a ring together with the atoms connecting them, and the R ²³ radicals are the same or different, preferably the same, and are C ₆ -C ₁₈ aryl, which can be substituted by alkyl, haloalkyl or fluorine. In particular, R ²² stands for ethyl, propyl, butyl or phenyl and R ²³ for phenyl, pentafluorophenyl, 3,5-bistrifluoromethylphenyl, mesityl, xylyl or tolyl (EP 277 003, EP 277 004 and EP 426 638).

An aluminum compound such as aluminoxane is preferred as the cocatalyst and / or an aluminum alkyl used.

An aluminoxane, in particular of the formula XIIIa for the linear type and / or of the formula XIIIb for the cyclic type, is particularly preferably used as cocatalyst,

wherein in formulas XIIIa and XIIIb the radicals R ^{24 are} identical or different and denote hydrogen or a C ₁ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon group such as a C ₁ -C ₁₈ alkyl group, a C ₆ -C ₁₈ aryl group or benzyl, and p is an integer from 2 to 50, preferably 10 to 35.

The radicals R ²⁴ are preferably the same and are hydrogen, methyl, isobutyl, phenyl or benzyl, particularly preferably methyl.

If the radicals R ^{24 are} different, they are preferably methyl and hydrogen or alternatively methyl and isobutyl, hydrogen or isobutyl preferably being present in a numerical proportion of 0.01 to 40% (of the radicals R ²⁴ ).

The processes for producing the aluminoxanes are known. The exact spatial structure of the aluminoxanes is not known (J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1993) 115, 4971). For example, it is conceivable that chains and rings become closed connect larger two-dimensional or three-dimensional structures.

Regardless of the type of manufacture, all aluminoxane solutions are one changing content of unreacted aluminum starting compound, which in free form or as an adduct, together.

It is possible to use the metallocene compound in the Polymerization reaction with a cocatalyst, especially one Pre-activate aluminoxane. This makes the polymerization activity clear  elevated. The preactivation of the metallocene compound is preferably in Solution made. The metallocene compound is preferred in one Solution of the aluminoxane dissolved in an inert hydrocarbon. As Inert hydrocarbon is an aliphatic or aromatic Hydrocarbon. Toluene is preferably used.

The concentration of the aluminoxane in the solution is in the range from about 1% by weight to the saturation limit, preferably from 5 to 30% by weight, based in each case on the total amount of solution. The metallocene can be used in the same concentration, but preferably it is used in an amount of 10⁻ ⁴ to 1 per mole of aluminoxane. The preactivation time is 5 minutes to 60 hours, preferably 5 to 60 minutes. One works at a temperature of -78 to 100 ° C, preferably 0 to 80 ° C.

The metallocene compound is preferably used in a concentration, based on the transition metal, of 10 ^-3 to 10 ⁸ , preferably 10 ⁴ to 10 ⁷ mol of transition metal per dm ³ solvent or per dm ³ reactor volume. The aluminoxane is preferably used in a concentration of 10⁻ ⁶ to 10⁻ ¹ mol, preferably 10⁻ ⁵ to 10⁻ ² mol per dm ³ solvent or per dm ³ reactor volume. The other cocatalysts mentioned are used in approximately equimolar amounts to the metallocene compound. In principle, however, higher concentrations are also possible.

The aluminoxane can be prepared in various ways by known methods. One of the methods is, for example, that an aluminum hydrocarbon compound and / or a hydridoaluminum hydrocarbon compound is reacted with water (gaseous, solid, liquid or bound - for example as water of crystallization) in an inert solvent (such as toluene). To produce an aluminoxane with different radicals R ²⁴ , for example, two different aluminum trialkyls are reacted with water in accordance with the desired composition.

Cleaning is required to remove catalyst poisons present in the olefin with an aluminum compound, preferably an aluminum alkyl, such as Trimethyl aluminum or triethyl aluminum, advantageous. This cleaning can both take place in the polymerization system itself, or the olefin is before Added to the polymerization system with the aluminum compound in contact brought and then separated again.

As a molecular weight regulator and / or to increase the catalyst activity, in hydrogen can be added to the process according to the invention. Hereby low molecular weight polyolefins such as waxes can be obtained.

The metallocene compound is preferred in the process according to the invention with the cocatalyst outside the polymerization reactor in one separate step using a suitable solvent. Carrying can be carried out.

In the process according to the invention, the metallocene compound can be used prepolymerization is carried out. For prepolymerization, this is preferred (or one of the) olefin (s) used in the polymerization.

The catalyst used in the process according to the invention can be supported. Through the support, for example Control the grain morphology of the polyolefin produced. The  Metallocene compound first with the carrier and then with the Cocatalyst are implemented. It can also be the cocatalyst first are supported and then reacted with the metallocene compound will. It is also possible the reaction product of metallocene compound and to support cocatalyst. Suitable carrier materials are, for example Silica gels, aluminum oxides, solid aluminoxane or other inorganic Carrier materials such as magnesium chloride. A suitable one The carrier material is also a polyolefin powder in finely divided form. The Production of the supported cocatalyst can, for example, as in EP 567 952 can be performed.

Preferably the cocatalyst, e.g. B. aluminoxane, on a support such as for example silica gels, aluminum oxides, solid aluminoxane, others inorganic carrier materials or a polyolefin powder in finely divided Mold applied and then implemented with the metallocene.

Oxides which can be used as inorganic carriers are: flame pyrolytic by burning element halides in one Oxygen gas flame were generated, or as silica gels in certain Grain size distributions and grain shapes can be produced.

The preparation of the supported cocatalyst can, for example, as in EP 578 838 described in the following manner in a stainless steel reactor Explosion-proof version with a pumping system of the pressure stage 60 bar, with inert gas supply, temperature control through jacket cooling and second cooling circuit via a heat exchanger on the pump system. The pump system sucks the reactor contents through a connection in the  Reactor bottom with a pump and pushes it into a mixer and through a riser pipe back into the reactor via a heat exchanger. The mixer is designed so that there is a narrow pipe cross-section in the inlet, where there is an increased flow velocity, and in its Turbulence zone axially and against the direction of flow a thin feed line is guided, through which - clocked - a defined amount of water can be fed under 40 bar argon. The reaction is checked via a sampler on the pump circuit.

In principle, however, other reactors are also suitable.

In the above-described reactor with a volume of 16 dm ³ , 5 dm ^{3 of} decane are placed under inert conditions. 0.5 dm ³ (= 5.2 mol) of trimethylaluminum are added at 25 ° C. Then 250 g of silica gel SD 3216-30 (Grace AG), which had previously been dried in an argon fluid bed at 120 ° C., are metered into the reactor through a solids funnel and homogeneously distributed using the stirrer and the pumping system. A total of 76.5 g of water is added to the reactor in portions of 0.1 cm ³ every 15 seconds for 3.25 hours. The pressure, resulting from the argon and the evolved gases, is kept constant at 10 bar by a pressure control valve. After all the water has been introduced, the pumping system is switched off and stirring is continued at 25 ° C. for 5 hours.

The supported cocatalyst produced in this way is used as a 10% suspension in n-decane. The aluminum content is 1.06 mmol Al per cm ³ suspension. The isolated solid contains 31% by weight of aluminum, the suspension medium contains 0.1% by weight of aluminum.

Further possibilities for the production of a supported cocatalyst are in EP 578 838.  

Thereafter, the metallocene according to the invention is on the supported Cocatalyst applied by the dissolved metallocene with the supported Co-catalyst is stirred. The solvent is removed and by a Replaces hydrocarbon in which both cocatalyst and that Metallocene are insoluble.

The reaction to the supported catalyst system takes place at one temperature from -20 to + 120 ° C, preferably 0 to 100 ° C, particularly preferably at 15 to 40 ° C. The metallocene is supported with the cocatalyst in the manner implemented that the cocatalyst as a suspension with 1 to 40 wt .-%, preferably with 5 to 20 wt .-% in an aliphatic, inert Suspension agents such as n-decane, hexane, heptane, diesel oil with a solution of the Metallocens in an inert solvent such as toluene, hexane, heptane, Dichloromethane or with the finely ground solid of the metallocene is brought together. Conversely, a solution of the metallocene be reacted with the solid of the cocatalyst.

The reaction is carried out by intensive mixing, for example by stirring at a molar Al / M ¹ ratio of 100/1 to 10,000/ ¹ , preferably from 100/1 to 3000/1 and a reaction time from 5 to 120 minutes, preferably 10 to 60 minutes, particularly preferably 10 to 30 minutes under inert conditions.

In the course of the reaction time for the production of the supported catalyst system occur in particular when using the metallocenes according to the invention with absorption maxima in the visible range changes in the color of the Reaction mixture on whose course the progress of the reaction lets track.

After the reaction time has elapsed, the supernatant solution is separated off, for example by filtration or decanting. The remaining solid is 1 to 5 times with an inert suspending agent such as toluene, n-decane,  Hexane, diesel oil, dichloromethane to remove soluble components in the formed catalyst, especially for the removal of unreacted and with soluble metallocene, washed.

The supported catalyst system thus produced can be dried in vacuo resuspended as a powder or solvent and as Suspension in one of the aforementioned inert suspending agents in the Polymerization system be metered.

If the polymerization as a suspension or solution polymerization is carried out, becomes a customary for the Ziegler low pressure process inert solvent used. For example, you work in one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon; as such for example propane, butane, hexane, heptane, isooctane, cyclohexane, Methylcyclohexane called. Furthermore, a gasoline or hydrogenated Diesel oil fraction can be used. Toluene can also be used. Is preferred in polymerized liquid monomers.

Before the addition of the catalyst, in particular the supported catalyst system (containing the metallocene according to the invention and a supported cocatalyst), another aluminum alkyl compound such as trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminium, triisobutylaluminium, trioctylaluminum or isoprenylaluminum for inerting the polymerization system is present in the catalyst (for example for the separation of toxins) be placed in the reactor. This is added to the polymerization system in a concentration of 100 to 0.01 mmol Al per kg reactor content. Triisobutylaluminum and triethylaluminum are preferred in a concentration of 10 to 0.1 mmol Al per kg of reactor content. As a result, the molar Al / M ¹ ratio can be chosen to be small in the synthesis of a supported catalyst system.

If inert solvents are used, the monomers become gaseous or metered in liquid.

The duration of the polymerization is arbitrary, since that in the invention Process to be used catalyst system only a small shows a time-dependent drop in the polymerization activity.

The specific stereorigids described in the present invention Metallocene compounds are suitable for the production of polyolefins, especially those with reduced crystallinity, increased impact strength, increased transparency, high fluidity at processing temperature and reduced melting point.

The main applications of such polyolefins are plasticizers and Lubricant formulations, hot melt adhesive applications, coatings, Seals, insulation, pouring compounds or sound insulation materials.

By using hydrogen or by increasing the Polymerization temperatures are also low molecular weight polyolefins such as Waxes accessible, the hardness or melting point of which Comonomer content can be varied.

Conversely, by choosing the polymerization conditions, too Manufacture high-molecular polyolefins, which as thermoplastic materials are suitable. These are particularly for the production of moldings such as Films, plates or large hollow bodies (e.g. pipes) are suitable.

By choosing the polymerization process and the type of comonomer, as well Comonomer quantity (s) can be olefin copolymers with elastomers Properties such as B. produce ethylene / propylene / 1,4-hexadiene terpolymers.  

The following examples serve to explain the invention in more detail.

The production and handling of organometallic compounds took place at Exclusion of air and moisture under argon protective gas (Schlenk technology). All required solvents were taken through several hours before use Boil over a suitable desiccant and then distillate Absolute under argon.

The α, β-unsaturated ketones and fulvenes used as starting compounds were prepared by methods known from the literature (Synlett 771 (1991); J. Chem. Soc., Commun. 1694 (1986); Chem. Ber. 116, 119 (1983); Tetrahedron Lett. 23; 1447 (1982)), cyclopentadiene and methylcyclopentadiene were obtained by cracking the dimers and stored at -35 ° C. The compounds prepared were analyzed by ¹ H-NMR.

1. 4-Cyclopentadienyl-4,6,6-trimethyl-4,5-tetrahydropentalene

The representation was made according to a method known from the literature (Makromol. Chem, 183 (1982), 359) by reacting 6,6-dimethylfulven with Sodium cyclopentadienide.

2. [4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] dichlorozirconium

59.1 ml (94.6 mmol) of a 1.6 molar methyl lithium solution in hexane are added dropwise to a solution of 10 g (47.2 mmol) of 4-cyclopentadienyl-4,6,6-trimethyl-4,5-tetrahydropentalene in 50 ml of toluene. The solution is stirred for a further 3 hours. The resulting suspension is cooled to -78 ° C. and 11 g (47.2 mmol) of zirconium tetrachloride are then added in portions. The suspension is stirred for 24 hours and then filtered through a G3 frit. The residue is extracted with 100 ml of toluene and the combined toluene filtrates are freed from the solvent in vacuo. 7.4 g (42%) [4- (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] - dichlorozirconium are obtained in the form of a yellow powder.
¹ H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl ₃ ): 7.2-5.9 (m, 7H, HC (2 '), HC (3'), HC (4 '), HC (5'), HC (1), HC (2), HC (3)), 3.3 (d, 14, 1H, HC (5)), 2.9 (d, 14, 1H, HC (5)), 2.3 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ), 1.8 ( s, 3H, CH ₃ ), 1.75 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ).

3. 4- (3'-isopropylidene-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl-4,5- tetrahydropental

A solution of 15 g (35 mmol) of 4-cyclopentadienyl-4,6,6-trimethyl-4,5- tetrahydropental and 2.64 g (45.5 mmol) acetone in 150 ml of methanol 4.98 g (70 mmol) of pyrrolidine were added dropwise at 0 ° C. The Reaction solution is stirred at 0 ° C for 24 h and by adding 4.2 g (70 mmol) glacial acetic acid is broken off. Then 3 times with 70 ml of pentane extracted and the combined extracts washed with sodium chloride solution and dried over magnesium sulfate. After removing the solvent in the Vacuum gives 9.4 g (81%) of 4- (3'-isopropylidene-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6- trimethyl-4,5-tetrahydropentalene.

4. 4- (3'-isopropyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl-4,5-tetrahydropentalene

To a suspension of 4.5 g (118.5 mmol) lithium aluminum hydride in 120 ml Diethyl ether is a solution of 10 g (39.4 mmol) of 4- (3'- Isopropylidene-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl-4,5-tetrahydropentalene in 30 ml Dropped diethyl ether. The reaction mixture is at 1 hour Stirred at room temperature and then under for a further 3 hours  Reflux heated. After the reaction is cooled to 0 ° C and with Ice water hydrolyzed. The resulting precipitate is filtered off and 3 times extracted with 20 ml of diethyl ether each. The combined ethereal extracts are dried over magnesium sulfate and the solvent in vacuo away. 9.5 g (94%) of 4- (3'-isopropylcyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6- are obtained. trimethyl-4,5-tetrahydropentalene.

5. [4- (η ⁵ -3'-isopropylcyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] dichlorozirconium

To a solution of 8 g (31.2 mmol) of 4- (3'-isopropyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl-4,5-tetrahydropentalene in 40 ml of toluene, 39 ml (62.4 mmol) of a 1.6 molar methyl lithium solution in Dropped hexane. The solution is stirred for a further 3 hours. The resulting suspension is cooled to -78 ° C. and 7.3 g (31.3 mmol) of zirconium tetrachloride are then added in portions. The suspension is stirred for 24 hours and then filtered through a G3 frit. The residue is extracted with 80 ml of toluene and the combined toluene filtrates are freed from the solvent in vacuo. 5.6 g (45%) [4- (η ⁵ -3'-isopropylcyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium are obtained in the form of a yellow powder.
¹ H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl ₃ ): 7.4-5.9 (m, 7H, HC (2 '), HC (4'), HC (5 '), HC (1), HC (2), HC ( 3)), 3.3 (d, 14, 1H, HC (5)), 2.95 (d, 14, 1H, HC (5)), 2.2 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ), 2.05 (m, 1H, Me ₂ CH), 1.85 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ), 1.75 (s, 3H, CH ₃ ), 1.3 (d, 8.6H, (CH ₃ ) ₂ C).

6. 4- (3'-trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl-4,5- tetrahydropental

To a solution of 8.5 g (40 mmol) of 4-cyclopentadienyl-4,6,6-trimethyl-4,5- tetrahydropental in 100 ml THF, 16 ml (35 mmol) of a 2.5- molar solution of n-butyllithium in hexane (2.5 molar) was added. The Reaction solution is stirred at 0 ° C for 2 h, then 6.3 ml is added (50 mmol) trimethylsilyl chloride. After 2 hours, volatile constituents are Oil pump vacuum distilled off, the residue then with 70 ml of pentane extracted and filtered. The filtrate is dried in vacuo. 10.8 g are obtained (38 mmol) 4- (3'-trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl-4,5-tetrahydro pentalen in the form of a yellowish oil.

7. [4- (η ⁵ -3'-trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalene)] dichlorozirconium

To a solution of 10.8 g (38 mmol) of 4- (3'-trimethylsilyl-cyclopentadienyl-4,6,6-trimethyl-4,5-tetrahydropentalene in 100 ml of toluene, 30.5 ml (76 mmol) of a second , 5 molar n-butyllithium solution in hexane was added and the solution was stirred for 3 hours at 22 ° C. and then cooled to -78 ° C. 8.85 g (38 mmol) of zirconium tetrachloride were then added in portions The mixture is stirred at RT and then filtered through a G3 frit, the residue is extracted with 100 ml of toluene and the combined toluene filtrates are freed from solvent in vacuo to give 6.3 g (38%) [4- (η ⁵ -3'- Trimethylsilyl-cyclopentadienyl) -4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -4,5-tetrahydropentalen)] - dichlorozirconium as a mixture of isomers in the form of a yellowish powder.
¹ H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl ₃ ): 6.9-5.3 (m, 6H, HC (2 '), HC (4'), HC (5 '), HC (1), HC (2), HC ( 3)), 2.85 (m, 14, 1H, HC (5)), 2.45 (m, 14, 1H, HC (5)), 2.3 (m, 3H, CH ₃ ), 1.9 (m, 3H, CH ₃ ), 1.35 (m, 6H, CH ₃ ), 0.23 (s, CH ₃ -Si), 0.22 (s, CH ₃ -Si).

Claims (12)

1. stereorigid metallocene compound of the formula I,
wherein
M ^{1 is} a metal from group IIIb, IVb, Vb or VIb of the periodic table,
M ^{2 is} carbon, silicon or germanium,
R ¹ and R ^{2 are the} same or different and are a hydrogen atom, a C ₁ -C ₄₀ carbon-containing group such as a C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl, a C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkoxy, a C ₆ -C ₁₀ aryl -, a C ₆ -C ₂₅ aryloxy, a C ₂ -C ₁₀ alkenyl, a C ₇ -C ₄₀ arylalkyl or a C ₇ -C ₄₀ arylalkenyl group, an OH group, a halogen atom or NR ¹⁵ ₂ , in which R ^{15 is} a halogen atom, a C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl group or a C ₆ -C ₁₀ aryl group, or R ¹ and R ² together with the atoms connecting them form a ring system,
R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ and R ^{9 are} identical or different and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C ₁ -C ₄₀ carbon-containing group such as a C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl group, which may be halogenated, a C ₆ -C ₃₀ aryl group which may be halogenated, a C ₆ -C ₂₀ aryloxy, a C ₂ -C ₁₂ alkenyl, a C ₇ -C ₄₀ arylalkyl, an C ₇ -C ₄₀ alkylaryl, or a C ₈ -C ₄₀ arylalkenyl group, a -SiR ¹⁵ ₃ -, -NR ¹⁵ ₂ -, -SiOR ¹⁵ ₃ -, -SiSR ¹⁵ ₃ - or -PR ¹⁵ ₂ radical mean in which R ^{15 are} identical or different a halogen atom, a C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl group or a C ₆ -C ₁₀ aryl group or form a ring system, or two or more adjacent radicals R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ and R ⁹ together with the atoms connecting them form a ring system which preferably contains 4 to 40, particularly preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms,
R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ and R ^{14 are the} same or different, preferably the same, and are a C ₁ -C ₂₀ alkyl group,
R ¹¹ and R ^{12 are the} same or different, and a hydrogen atom, a C ₁ -C ₄₀ carbon-containing group such as a C ₁ -C ₂₀ alkyl, a C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkoxy, a C ₆ -C ₂₀ Aryl, a C ₂ -C ₁₂ alkenyl, a C ₇ -C ₄₀ arylalkyl, a C ₇ -C ₄₀ alkylaryl, or a C ₈ -C ₄₀ arylalkenyl group, each of which is a radical Halogen atom, -NR ¹⁵ ₃ , -SR ¹⁵ ₂ , -SiR ¹⁵ ₃ or -OSiR ¹⁵ _{3 can} carry, wherein R ^{15 is} a halogen atom, a C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl group or a C ₆ -C ₁₀ aryl group,
and the ligand system of the compound of formula I is different from 4- [η ⁵ -3'-alkyl-cyclopentadienyl) 4,6,6-trimethyl- (η ⁵ -2-alkyl-4,5-tetrahydropentalen)]. 2. Stereorigid metallocene compound of formula I according to claim 1, wherein
M ^{1 is} a metal from group IVb of the periodic table of the elements such as titanium, zirconium or hafnium, in particular zirconium,
R ¹ and R ^{2 are the} same and represent a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group or a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, in particular chlorine,
R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ and R ^{9 are the} same or different and are a hydrogen atom, a C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl group or a C ₆ -C ₂₄ aryl group, or two or more adjacent radicals R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ and R ⁹ together with the atoms connecting them form an aromatic or aliphatic carbon-containing ring system with 4 to 20 carbon atoms,
R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ and R ^{14 are} a C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl group, in particular a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group,
M ^{2 is} carbon,
R ¹¹ and R ^{12 are the} same or different, and R ^{11 is} a hydrogen atom, a C ₁ -C ₁₀ carbon-containing group, in particular a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group or a C ₆ -C ₁₀ aryl group, and R ^{12 is} a hydrogen atom and at least one of the radicals R ³ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ and R ^{9 is} different from hydrogen and / or R ^{8 is} hydrogen. 3. Stereorigid metallocene compound of formula I according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
M ^{1 is} zirconium,
R ¹ and R ^{2 are the} same and represent a halogen atom, in particular chlorine,
R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ and R ^{9 are} identical or different and are a hydrogen atom or a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl or isobutyl or a C ₆ - C ₁₄ aryl group such as phenyl or naphthyl, or R ³ and R ⁴ and / or R ⁵ and R ⁶ together with the atoms connecting them form an aromatic hydrocarbon ring system with 4 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular a six-membered ring, which in turn can be substituted,
R ^{8 is} a hydrogen atom,
M ^{2 is} a carbon atom,
R ¹⁰ , R ¹³ and R ^{14 are} a C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group, in particular methyl, and
R ¹¹ and R ^{12 are the} same and represent a hydrogen atom. 4. Catalyst containing a) at least one stereorigid Metallocene compound of formula I according to one or more of the claims 1 to 3 and b) at least one cocatalyst. 5. A catalyst according to claim 4, wherein the cocatalyst is an aluminoxane is. 6. A catalyst according to claim 4 or 5 additionally containing a support. 7. Catalyst, obtainable by combination a) at least one  stereorigid metallocene compound of the formula I according to one or more of claims 1 to 3 and b) at least one cocatalyst. 8. A catalyst according to claim 7, additionally containing a carrier. 9. Process for producing a polyolefin by polymerization at least one olefin in the presence of a catalyst according to one or several of claims 4 to 8. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein one or more olefins of the formula R ^a -CH = CH-R ^{b are} polymerized, wherein R ^a and R ^{b are the} same or different and denote a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms , and R ^a and R ^b together with the atoms connecting them can form one or more rings. 11. Use of a stereorigid metallocene compound according to one or several of claims 1 to 3, for olefin polymerization. 12. Polyolefin, obtainable by the process according to claim 10 or 11.