DE1965591C3 - Use of synthetic polymers to absorb liquid hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Description

the weight of the absorbent product denotes the basis of native or regenerated cellulose

net, with weights in the same unit. Synthetic polymers are made of poly-

are expressed. amides and polyesters preferred. Polymers, such as poly

From French patent specification) 541 961 is olefin, in particular polyethylene, vinyl polymer ;,

it also already known, cell-shaped thermosetting 35 especially polyvinyl chloride, which optionally

bare plastic materials, which can be chlorinated in powdered form, and copolymers based on them

may be present, however, lead to the absorption of oils on vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate

To use water surfaces. This also leads to good results. Absorption of 100 g of oil 8 g of the foam mass in The preferred for treating the amorphous Requires a cube shape, which is an absorbent 40 products used water-repellent and

like from 12 to 13 corresponds. The product is particularly popular among paraffins

But even these products have several disadvantages, which can optionally be chlorinated and

split up. whose components have more than 15 carbon atoms in the

On the one hand, their increased absorption capacity is chosen. This known per se

only obtained when they are granulated, which changes the absorption capacity of the 45 treatment

no additional operation for the raw product produced, but improves the selectivity

foam, and on the other hand it is due to its absorption properties towards carbon

their large volume for an economical hydrogen.

Transportation required to compress them, which can be used to manufacture the amorphous products

requires another operation. 50 one looks at several methods known per se

These disadvantages will serve in the invention. According to a first method, one pours under

table polymers resulting from its solution stirring the polymer solution in a bath that is in the

amorphous product with a bulk density between essentially a non-solvent for the poly-

0.01 and 0.5 g / cm * and a specific surface area 55 contains mermaterial, the amorphous

between 2 and 25 nWg for absorbing liquid product through filtration, subsequent suction,

gen hydrocarbons avoided. Washing and drying is obtained.

The amorphous products are in the form of a One can also use these products continuously fibrous agglomerates of a pulp-like nature. By introducing a stream of the solution into a have a very high absorbency, produce 60 flow of nonsolvent. The crwhich Their volume, however, is much less than the amorphous product that is held in the form of a strand that is from plastic foams. So you have to be picked up on a conveyor belt. After matching Weight drip a much smaller volume. Washing, vacuuming and drying will be the and have a stronger capillary structure than coarsely chopped strand.

crushed plastic foams. This affects 65 Due to their very high absorption capacity

Particularly advantageous when used as an allowance for hydrocarbons, which has a value of 20

sorption of liquid hydrocarbons. In spite of yourself, you can achieve more, and because of it

the small volume of the inventively good and improved absorption selectivity is

the amorphous products sit a great effectiveness for the absorption and agglomeration of Layers of petroleum products that lie on the surface of seas, oceans or watercourses have spread.

For this purpose, these products are used in Strand form assembled in nets or in brick or plate form, whereby the cohesion of the amorphous product ensured by agglomeration by means of, for example, a phenolic binder will.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. It shows

F i g. J a strand-like body and F i g. 2 a goat-shaped body.

The grains 1 from the amorphous product are held together by a phenolic binder 2 and arranged according to FIG. 1 in a network 3. According to FIG. 2, the grains 1 form a brick-like body 4.

The following examples illustrate the invention. example 1

An amount of polyhexamethylene adipamide is dissolved with stirring over the course of 5 hours of 10 percent by weight in 98 percent sulfuric acid. The resulting solution is stirred in poured a bath containing an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. One wins the amorphous one obtained Product by filtering and then washing it at ordinary temperature. Then you suck it off and dries it to constant weight. The white dry product has a bulk density of 0.06 g / cm ».

A sample of this product is applied to a layer of crude petroleum, Sahara-type, which is located on the surface of water in a container. It is found that the amount of oil absorbed varies depending on whether the product hit the oil layer or the water. In the former case, the product absorbs the petroleum rapidly, while in the second case it absorbs especially water and very little petroleum.

Another sample of the raw product is mixed with a solution of at ordinary temperature solid paraffin impregnated in mineral spirits. Nai.ii Drying retained 4 percent by weight paraffin of the product.

10 g are taken from the treated sample amorphous product which, as before, is applied to a layer of 50 g of crude oil, Sahara-type, with the Thickness of the layer is of the order of a millimeter. brings up. The absorption is instantaneous and complete.

If the test is repeated using 10 g of the product treated with an aqueous emulsion of silicone oil, the product does not absorb water or petroleum.
Example 2

In a vessel that contains water, on its surface a layer of 300 g of heating oil, whose Thickness is on the order of a millimeter, with a viscosity of 8 cP at 25 ° C 10 g of the amorphous product prepared as in Example 1 and rendered water-repellent with paraffin. The product absorbs the heating oil immediately. That saturated product is weighed. The difference to the weight of the product before the test shows that this has absorbed 200 g of heating oil, which corresponds to an absorption capacity of 20.

Example 3

A polyethylene terephthalate is dissolved in an amount of within 5 hours with stirring

te 10 percent by weight in 98 percent sulfuric acid. The polymer is precipitated by pouring its solution into it in water. The amorphous product obtained is recovered by filtration, and it is washed in the usual way Temperature, sucks it off and dries it up

for constant weight. This dry product has a bulk density of 0.09 g / cm ³ .

20 g of this amorphous product are treated with paraffin in the same way as in Example 1. The product has 3.5 percent by weight paraffin

so held back.

This on a layer of oil whose thickness is in the order of a millimeter, with a viscosity of 8 · el at 25 ^c C applied product stops 200 g of fuel oil back to what a waste

»5 corresponds to a sorption capacity of 10.

Example 4

Low-pressure polyethylene having a melting point of the order of magnitude is dissolved with stirring 130 ° C in an amount of 5 percent by weight in decahydronaphthalene at a temperature of 105 C The solution is poured into ethanol while stirring. The product obtained is won through Filter, wash it at ordinary temperature, vacuum it and dry it to constant weight.

This dry product is applied to a layer of 30 g of a mixture of 60% by weight oil and 40% heating oil 2, which is based on the surface of water (500 cm * in a 1-1 beaker) is located. The application takes place up to

4β complete absorption of the hydrocarbon mixture. It is found that the 30 g of hydrocarbons are completely replaced by 8 g of the amorphous product be absorbed, which corresponds to an absorption capacity of about 4.

If one repeats the experiment with powder based on the same polymer, one sets found that 30 g of this powder are required to absorb the 30 g of hydrocarbons, which is a corresponds to four times lower absorption capacity.

B e i s ρ i e 1 5

An amorphous product of polyvinyl chloride is prepared in the same way as in the previous example from a 3 percent strength by weight solution of this polymer in dioxane, the output

precipitation is carried out in ethanol. By working based on a 3 percent solution of the the same polymers in dimethylformamide, a very similar product is obtained.

Repeat with the amorphous obtained

Product the absorption test of the previous example. It is found that the complete absorption by applying 4.5 g of the amorphous product is achieved, which has an absorption capacity of something below 7 equals.

For this purpose 1 iilatt drawings

Claims (2)

1 2 Patent claims: reversible amorphous products can be used when using a readily hand-synthetic polymer from its solution due to the precipitation of a saturation with KJöÄJejiwasseistoffen, since the restraining forces are very falling amorphous product with a raw strength and there is no danger that the liquid density between 0.01 and 0.5 g / cm * and as hydrocarbons leak out again,
Specific surface area between 2 and 25 m * / g The amorphous products preferably have a bulk density between 0.04 and 0.2 g / cm * and substances for absorbing liquid hydrocarbons. have a specific surface area that determines 2. Use according to claim 1, characterized according to the method of measuring specific upper, that the amorphous product with io surfaces by gas adsorption [Bruneinem method water repellent. Medium is overdone. except Emmet Teller (B. E. T.)], preferably between * '. "Is 2 and J2 m * / g. Preferably this is amorphous product with a water-repellent and oleophilic compound in an amount from 1 to It is known to petroleum products, which is ₅ 5 weight percent based on the amorphous Pro-water surfaces have spread to wide i, based domestic product by dropping coated. bring solid particles in the form of saw- The amorphous product is made by precipitation chips or Mr. «. flour, spruce bark chips or a polymer material from its solution in one To absorb cellulose wadding on these products and maintain solvents in a bath that is essentially to agglomerate. These products have an ao borrowed a nonsolvent for the polymer Limited absorption capacity 2 and absorb material that comes with the solvent used The petroleum products are not selective, but lead is miscible, containing the amorphous product also a large amount of water with it. In addition, then of the solvent and the lose them once they are freed from nonsolvents soaked with water are, their absorption capacity is complete and are a ₅ Under polymer material is here both a homo- almost only for thick and compact layers, but polymeric as well as a copolymer or a material not to be understood for thin layers or on the water mixing of polymers, floating droplets can be used. As polymers, compounds based on cellulose As "absorption capacity", the ratio becomes the basis, such as cellulose acetate and CcIIu of the weight of hydrocarbon absorbed to 30 losetriacetate, with the exception of the products on the