DE1961726A1 - Logarithmic periodic antenna - Google Patents

Description

1625 Stierlin Road, Mountain View, California 94040, V.St.A.

Logarithmic periodic antenna

The invention relates to antennas and, more particularly, to logarithmic periodic antennas.

The advantages of a logarithmic periodic antenna are known. Logarithmically periodic antennas are in the Literature described, e.g. in the book "Antenna Engineering Handbook" by Henry Jasik, Chapter 18, sections 18.3 and 18.4 published by McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. 1961 and in U.S. Patent 3,257 The main advantage of a logarithmically periodic antenna is basically that such an antenna has a selected frequency range for which the antenna is designed is frequency-independent.

A true log periodic antenna basically comprises a number of elements, each of which is an element

008826/1620 _{BAD 0R1GlNAL}

-Z-

is dimensioned and arranged so that the electrical properties of the antenna in question repeat themselves periodically with the logarithm of the frequency of the applied signals. This frequency lies within the frequency range for which the antenna is designed. The dimensions of the various elements of the antenna are related to one another according to a factor or ratio, often also referred to as f . The distances between adjacent elements along the feed line or feed axis of the antenna are also considered from an antenna vertex lying on this axis , are related to each other with the same factor tr.

While the frequency independence is a logarithmic periodic antenna is probably the main reason for using such an antenna Disadvantages of known logarithmically periodic antennas have prevented their widespread use so far. The main disadvantage of these antennas consists in the limited antenna gain.

The main reason for the limited antenna gain becomes clear when one considers the physical dimensions of a known log periodic antenna. This \ dimensions have been previously related only to the operating frequency range of the antenna. So far, the widest antenna dimension in the transverse direction has been determined by the lowest frequency within the frequency range. Thus, in a known symmetrical logarithmically periodic antenna which has a plurality of pairs of elements forming dipoles, the broadest antenna dimension in the transverse direction is typically chosen to be essentially equal to or slightly less than half the free spatial wavelength of the input signals, which are selected with the lowest frequency occur. Half the space wavelength represents the

009325/1520

physical length of the longest dipole, where each element is slightly shorter but no longer than a quarter of the free space wavelength of the lowest frequency. Because the physical width of the emitter opening If the antenna is limited by the length of the dipoles, the overall antenna gain in the transverse direction is quite limited. In a known logarithmically periodic antenna, the elements also have a high Q value. Through this Some elements tend to be active at any frequency within the antenna frequency range. Accordingly, the active area of the antenna is generally quite short. This leads to a relatively poor longitudinal antenna gain. Another major disadvantage of a conventional log periodic antenna resides in the relatively large number of elements required to achieve an adequate operating frequency range are. With a suitable arrangement, the large number of elements forms an antenna wall of considerable physical nature Size and significant physical weight. This creates many significant structural problems. So there is a need for an improved antenna that, while maintaining the frequency independence of a conventional logarithmically periodic antenna, i.e. while maintaining the logarithmic periodicity of a logarithmically periodic antenna Antenna, has an increased antenna gain. There is also a desire that the physical quantity such an improved logarithmically periodic

bO / i antenna is much smaller than / one? comparable

conventional log periodic antenna.

Another significant part known so far logarithmically Periodic antennas is that these antennas have only a limited application in terms of the construction of antenna combinations. In

009825 / T 520 bath

In many applications of antennas it is namely desirable to form a large number of simple antenna elements put together, namely to enlarge the total beam opening. The purpose of this measure is daiän, a higher antenna gain and a sharper focus compared to a single antenna achieve. Another advantage that can be achieved with the help of an antenna combination is the possibility of the column of the antenna combination from one side to be able to steer the antenna transverse direction to the other side. It should be understood that it is very beneficial would be if the antenna structure could be operated over a relatively large frequency range. on On the basis of a cursory examination, it appears that- '? such antennas are ideally suited for antenna structures would be, since logarithmically periodic antennas can be designed to be grounded over quite a long distance Working across frequency ranges. On closer inspection, however, one arrives at the conclusion that this is not the case is. The main reason for the limited use of log periodic antennas in antenna structures lies in the appearance of latticework in the antenna pattern when the frequency of the input signals is increased significantly above the lowest operating frequency. Therefore antenna images are which contain conventional logarithmically periodic antennas, only over very limited frequency ranges operable. There is thus a need for an antenna that is similar to a logarithmically periodic one Antenna has broadband properties which, however, result in a straight or circular antenna structure

that can be put together over a wider

it is able to work in the frequency range as / is previously possible. It has already been found that these demands can be met by an antenna which has many properties of the properties of a logarithmically periodic antenna

009825/1520

which, however, provides an antenna gain that is in right proportion to the overall transverse dimension of the antenna over almost all frequencies within the operating frequency range of the antenna.

The main object of the invention is now to provide a new, improved logarithmically periodic antenna create. In particular, there is a new, real logarithmically periodic antenna with increased antenna gain to accomplish. The logarithmically periodic one to be newly created Antenna should have an overall size that is significantly smaller than the size of a conventional logarithmically periodic one Antenna. The newly created logarithmically periodic antenna should cover the same frequency range be able to work like a conventional log periodic antenna. The new antenna to be created should be many Have characteristics of the characteristics of a logarithmically periodic antenna, but also have a stronger bundling

... _ .. a high one. . ,,. , show sharp or / transverse antenna gain, at almost all frequencies within their operating frequency range. These characteristics are said to be in appropriate proportion too the overall transverse dimension of the antenna. The newly created antenna of the logarithmically periodic 'type should be particularly suitable for the formation of antenna combinations, and in particular for the formation of a new one Broadband antenna structure in which the focus is sharp is in a suitable relationship to the transverse dimension of the antenna structure. The antenna structure in question should thereby do not have grating lobes, even if the frequency of the input signals is significantly higher as the lowest operating frequency of the antenna structure. Finally, a new circular antenna structure is to be created created v / ground, which consists of a plurality of antennas, which at almost all frequencies within their operating frequency ranges have focus sharpness.

009826/1620

The operating frequency ranges should be in a suitable ' Relation to the individual overall transverse dimensions of the antennas.

The above problem is achieved with the aid of a logarithmically periodic antenna for signals with a frequency lying in a selected frequency range, using a feed device which Is able to pick up signals with a frequency lying in the mentioned frequency range from a signal source, wherein the feed device extends along a feed axis and with a plurality of radiator elements is coupled to points distant from a selected point on the feed axis at selected distances. According to the invention, this logarithmically periodic antenna is characterized in that at least one radiator element a capacitive structure for capacitive loading in this way at at least one point between its opposite ends it is assigned that a first row of resonance points is present in the case of the capacitively loaded radiator element in question and that its total physical length is greater than a quarter of the free space wavelength of the Signals fed to the feed device.

In the antenna according to the invention, each element is loaded capacitively in such a way that a series resonance occurs in an element whose individual length is a quarter of the free space wavelength of the applied signals exceeds. At this wavelength the element in question comes into resonance. Accordingly, at any frequency within the operating frequency range of the antenna energy emitted by one or more elements that are physically longer than one or more comparable ones Elements in a known logarithmic periodic

009825/1520

Antenna designed to broadcast at the same frequency The increased element length, from which energy is radiated is for the electrical and mechanical advantages of the new logarithmic periodic Antenna responsible according to the invention. Due to the fact that the new antenna energy is longer Radiating elements, the result is a larger radiator opening. This antenna is also called logarithmic in the following periodic antenna with an enlarged radiator aperture.

The electrical advantages of the logarithmically periodic antenna with an enlarged radiating aperture are, in short, in the increased cross antenna gain, according to the increased lengths of the radiator elements. The Q values of the longer elements are less than the Q values of the elements known logarithmic periodic antennas, which come into readonance at the same frequencies. This leads to, that more elements are active at one frequency. Through this there is a reduction in the active area of the antenna when signals with frequencies within the antenna frequency range supplied v / earth. The increased length of the active area leads to a significant increase in that Longitudinal antenna gain of the antenna concerned. Consequently the logarithmically periodic antenna with an enlarged beam aperture therefore has a significantly higher antenna gain as a conventional logarithmically periodic antenna that is used for the same frequency range.

The mechanical or structural advantages of the logarithmically periodic antenna with an enlarged radiator aperture mainly appeal to the fact that such an antenna requires a number of elements which are much smaller than with a previously known logarithmically periodic antenna, which is used for a comparative

009825/1520

BATH ORIGINAL

antenna gain and -for operation in a corresponding Frequency range is designed. Thus, with the logarithmically periodic antenna with extended Radiator opening, the arrangement of elements or the antenna wall is much shorter than with a comparable one conventional log periodic antenna. The reduced antenna wall size brings about a reduction the structural loads with it. This results in a simplification in the structure, how it is used to carry the Antenna wall is required. Since the Q-values of the elements compared to the Q-values of comparable elements of a conventional logarithmic periodic antenna are reduced, causes a certain positional deviation of a Element in the logarithmically periodic antenna with an enlarged antenna aperture is a much smaller one Change in the current flowing in this element. Thus, the problems of setting and fixing the Elements in the antenna wall of the logarithmically periodic antenna with enlarged radiator opening are essential less critical than a known logarithmic periodic antenna.

While with the logarithmic periodic antenna with enlarged emitter opening each element so capacitive that the antenna in question maintains a true logarithmic periodicity in all respects According to another embodiment of the invention, only selected elements of selected lengths are capacitively loaded. This leads to an increase in the focus sharpness, which is not in a real logarithmic way there is a periodic relationship, but which rather increases with increasing frequency. At the same time, however, remains the impedance of the antenna as in the case of a logarithmically periodic antenna of the known embodiment via the

00982 5715 20

_ 9

almost constant throughout the operating frequency range. Since such an antenna is not logarithmic in any way has periodic properties, it is also referred to below as a quasi-logarithmic periodic antenna with extended Beam opening marked v / ground.

The quasi-logarithmic periodic antenna with an enlarged beam opening has advantages, according to which such a Antenna is particularly suitable for the formation of straight or circular broadband antenna structures without having to accept unwanted crossing clubs,

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

Fig. 1 shows a simplified representation of an embodiment of a logarithmically periodic antenna with an extended Emitter opening.

Fig. 2 shows an embodiment in a side view an element that is capacitively loaded by two line sections and has an increased length,

Fig. 3 shows a view of an embodiment of a for the practical implementation actually reduced logarithmically periodic antenna with an enlarged antenna aperture.

Figure 4 shows a side view of the longest element a dipole shown in FIG.

Fip ;. 5 shows the structure of an asymmetrical in a simplified manner logarithmically periodic antenna with enlarged beam aperture.

FIG. 6 shows, in simplified form, an embodiment of a quasi-logarithmic periodic antenna with an extended Emitter opening.

Fig. 7 shows in a diagram a straight antenna structure, that using quasi-logarithmic

009825/1520

periodic antennas with enlarged radiator openings is formed.

8 shows a side view of two linear, in-phase antenna combinations of quasi-logarithmic periodic antennas with enlarged radiator aperture. 9 shows a simplified plan view of a circular one Antenna combination of quasi-logarithmic periodic antennas with an extended antenna aperture. FIG. 10 shows a section of individual antennas of the antenna combination shown in FIG. 9. FIG. 11 shows a side sectional view along the line 11-11 entered in FIG.

Fig. 12 illustrates phase problems in a simple diagram, as they are present in the beam control in the antenna combination according to FIG.

Before examining the principles upon which the present invention is built, reference should first be made to FIG 1 shows a particular embodiment of a logarithmically periodic antenna with an enlarged radiator aperture considered. According to Fig. 1, an antenna is designated by 10, which two crossing transmission or feed lines 12 contains. These lines 12 are connected at a feed end 12x to a signal source 14 which emits high-frequency signals. The two lead wires of the feed line are labeled 12a and 12b. With the feed line 12 are

Dipoles 21 to 32 directly connected. The dipole 21, at which is the shortest dipole, is connected to the feed line 12x near the feed end. The longest ' Dipole 32 is at the opposite end 12y to the feed line connected. The two elements of each dipole, such as the dipole 32, are each given the reference number of the relevant one Dipoles and the letters a and b after them. So are the two elements of dipole 32 with 32a and 32b.

009825/1520

As can be seen, successive dipoles (such as dipoles 31 and 32) are connected to feed line 12 in an electrically rotated manner due to the crossing of the feed line between these dipoles. Although the elements of each dipole are of equal length, the elements of neighboring dipoles differ from one another (in the longitudinal direction) by a constant ratio, which is denoted by V here. Letting the length of the elements 32a, 31a and 30a with L, _2a ^"L 3i _a ^{un <i L} 50a * ^then the following relationship:

32a ^L 31a

Correspondingly, the distances R ^ pa * ^H vi and RxQ _a ι, which are the distances between the points of the feed line at which the elements 32a, 31a and 30a are directly connected to this line, depend on a common antenna vertex 20 depends on the same constant. This means that the following relationship exists:

32a ^R 31a

It should be noted that such an arrangement of elements results in an antenna that is true logarithmically periodic Has characteristics. The antenna 10 is thus a true logarithmically periodic antenna. As the elements of each dipole are assumed to be the same and the feed line is crossed between neighboring dipoles is the relevant one Antenna is actually a balanced logarithmically periodic antenna with a crossing feed line.

009825/1520

If the various elements shown in FIG. 1 were just simple elements, the antenna 10 would be does not differ from many known logarithmically periodic antennas. The antenna shown in FIG However, 10 differs significantly from any previously known logarithmically periodic antenna, namely in that a separate capacitive element 34 is connected in series with each antenna element. The respective capacitive element lies at a point between the one end of the element that is directly connected to the fc feed line 12 is connected, and the opposite free end of the element concerned. As from the The following description will become apparent, is the capacitive component 34 ·, which in practice more than can have a shape, neither connected to a center point of the respective element nor to its ends. Rather, the respective capacitive component is at a selected point between the ends of the respective element connected. The expression "between the ends of the element" should therefore be understood here to mean a point along the element, but not a point at its ends.

As will become apparent from the following description, * is the number of capacitive components included with are connected in series with the respective element, not limited to one, as FIG. 1 shows. The number of capacitive components can be greater than one, and is typically at least two, like this is often the case. In a preferred embodiment According to the invention, which will be discussed in greater detail below, two capacitive elements are connected in series assigned to each element at selected, spaced-apart points, but not at the ends of the Elements. Although each capacitive element or

009825/1520

Each capacitive component 34 is shown in the form of a conventional capacitor, it should also be pointed out that each capacitive element can include a correspondingly coupled line section and is typically also formed by such a line section.

In KLg. 2 shows an element that is capacitively loaded by two line sections. The designated 35 Element contains an inner part 36, one of which End is directly connected to a feeder wire, such as feeder wire 12a. A line section 41 capacitively couples the element inner part 36 at one end of an element middle part 37. On the opposite At the end of the middle part 37 is capacitively coupled to an element outer part 38, specifically by means of a second line section 42. In the arrangement according to 2, the line sections 41 and 42 represent the series capacitance between the three element parts. The use of conventional fastening and isolating devices assumed to hold the various element parts in proper alignment with one another. This here The term "capacitors" is used in the sense that it includes any type of capacitive component understand how separate capacitors, line sections or the like ..

One of the fundamental advantages of connecting one or more capacitors in series to each antenna element between the ends of which are achieved is that elements can be provided in the antenna which are physically much longer than corresponding elements in a known logarithmically periodic antenna, which is designed for the same frequency. As is known from a conventional log periodic antenna,

009826/1520

the active area of the antenna is at a frequency at which the impedances of the individual elements match the Approximate series resonance impedances and where the length of each element is just a quarter of the free space wavelength is short. This means that the physical width of the emitter opening is less than one half of the free Raua wavelength.

In a logarithmically periodic antenna according to the invention, the active area of the antenna also enters the Areas in which the impedances of the individual elements are close to the series resonance. The lengths of the However, individual elements are much larger than a quarter of the free space wavelength. Here is the current phase nevertheless largely constant over the entire length of the element. With the present antenna is therefore the physical one Width of the radiator opening at a given operating frequency within the operating frequency range of the antenna larger than the physical width of a conventional logarithmically periodic antenna, which is the case with a corresponding Frequency is operated. Since the radiator opening is larger in the antenna according to the invention than in one known antenna, the antenna according to the invention is also referred to as a logarithmic periodic antenna with an enlarged beam aperture. Typically {wear the Lengths of the elements of the logarithmically periodic antenna with enlarged radiator aperture are of the order of magnitude Twice the lengths of the corresponding elements in a known logarithmically periodic antenna. So is the physical width of the emitter opening of the logarithmically periodic antenna with an enlarged emitter opening essentially twice as large as the corresponding opening in a conventional logarithmic periodic antenna. The exact ratio of element length to the length of the corresponding known elements can

003325/1520

can be chosen within a fairly wide range, to meet the respective execution requirements. This is achieved by appropriate choice of the number, the setting and the size of the capacitive sections connected in series

The increased element length in the logarithmically periodic antenna with an extended straightening aperture has antenna performance has various highly significant beneficial effects. Since the phase position of the current is about Since the element having an increased length is almost constant, the individual element has a substantial higher transverse antenna gain and thus a corresponding increased focus. This means that the bundle width is narrowed in the E plane. Due to the increased length of the elements are also the Q values these elements are significantly reduced. The reason for this will be explained in more detail below. the Elements with reduced Q values tend to be active over a wider frequency band than their counterparts Elements of a conventional logarithmic periodic antenna · This leads to the fact that the number of active elements is enlarged. This greatly increases the length of the active area of the antenna. The extended active The area of the antenna brings about a considerable increase in the longitudinal antenna gain and a reduced one Bundle width in the Η-plane with it.

The increased number of decreased Q-value elements in the active area of the antenna has one result in a significant reduction in the number of elements that are required to make the antenna's capability give over the desired frequency range in geeirneter Way to work. This is the total size of the inventive logarithmically periodic antenna

009825/1520

with an enlarged emitter opening compared to a known logarithmic periodic antenna capable of working in the same frequency range, significantly reduced. Since fewer elements are required, the antenna wall is also logarithmically periodic see antennas with an enlarged emitter opening much smaller. Accordingly, a much simpler and lighter construction required to support the smaller antenna wall.

The reduced overall size of the logarithmically periodic antenna according to the invention with an enlarged radiator aperture becomes clearer when it is compared with the size of a conventional logarithmically periodic antenna designed for the same bandwidth. A known log periodic antenna designed to operate in a range from about 5 MHz to about 30 MHz and has an isotropic antenna gain of 13 dB can typically contain 53 dipoles. Each element of the two "elements of the longest dipole intended for operation at the lower end of the frequency range (5MHz) is no more than about 15 meters in length, while each element of the shortest dipole is about 2" in length The 53 dipoles would generally form a relatively heavy and long antenna wall, the length of which would be on the order of about 230 meters (equivalent to 750 feet). Such an antenna wall would thus constitute an even longer support structure require.

Applying the teachings of the invention to such a large log periodic antenna will result one to a logarithmically periodic antenna containing 18 dipoles with an enlarged beam aperture. This antenna can be housed in an antenna wall that

009825/1520

is only about 60 m (equivalent to 200 feet) long. It" it should be noted that the transverse dimension of the logarithmically periodic antenna with an enlarged beam aperture is much larger than the conventional logarithmic periodic antenna. The overall size of the logarithmically periodic antenna with an enlarged beam opening is due to the relatively short antenna wall much less than with the conventional antenna. Since there are also fewer elements in the logarithmically periodic Antennas with an enlarged radiator opening are required, a much simpler ^ lighter support arrangement is sufficient. The table below shows the special lengths of the various elements of a logarithmic periodic antenna with an enlarged radiator aperture specified. This antenna is designed so that they increase in a frequency range between 5MHz and 30 MHz able to work. A complete embodiment of such an antenna is shown schematically in FIG. Each The element of this antenna is capacitively loaded by capacitive line sections 51a »52a connected in series, etc .. The capacitive loading is carried out in the same way as with the aid of the two line sections according to Fig. 2. The values of the various components of each element are also listed in the table. In Fig. 3 is designated with 50 the feed line, and with 50a and 50b the individual lead wires are designated. With 5 ^ to which designates the 18 provided dipoles.

00982B / 1520

Tabel

Dipole no.

Horizontal distance Length of the capacitive antennae vertex (40) section in foot (51a, etc.)

in feet

Length of the base section

Length of the end section

(51b, etc.) (51c, etc.) in feet in feet

Total length of the element from the end of the meal to the tip in feet

51 220 O 52 192.5 «S 53 168.5 IO 54 147.5 απ; 55 129.0 -.χ 56 113.0 «Τ» 57 99.0 ο 58 86.6 59 75.8 60 66.3 61 58.0 62 50.8 63 44.4 64 38.8 65 34.0 66 29.8 67 22nd

21.0 18.4 16.1

12.3 10.8 9.4 8.2 7.2 6.3 5.5 4.9 4.3 3.7 3.2

2.9 2.5

19th , 5 17th ,1 15 · , 0 13th ,1 11th , 5 10 »Ο 8th ,8th 7th , 7 6th ,8th 5 , 9 5 • 2 4th , 5 4th »Ο 3 , 5 3 ,1 CVI , 7 2 , 3

59.5 52.0

45.5 39.8 34.8 30.5 26.7 23.4 20.4

17.9 15.6 13.6 11.9 10.4

9.1 7.9 7.0

100

87.5 76.6 67.0 58.6 51.3 44.9 39.3 34.4

30.1 26.3 23.0 20.2 17.6 15.4

13.5 11.8

CD

Μι

CD

1. Here capacitive line sections, the basic construction and the end portions of all of the wires constituting the elements are about 4 x mm in diameter (equivalent to 0.16 inches).

2. The distance between the capacitive line sections in all of the wires making up the elements is about 10 ca (corresponding to 4 inches).

The dimensions of an element of the longest dipole 51 and the capacitive line section lying in series with this are illustrated in FIG. 4- hereinafter referred to. It should be noted that the lengths of the elements and the Capacitance values are only to be regarded as exemplary in connection with a special embodiment, which serves to clarify the teacher, the invention au, but not to introduce a restriction.

From Fig. 4 it can be seen that in the case of the Loraritheisch in question periodic antenna with enlarged radiator opening, the capacitively loaded element of the dipole 51 for the purpose of activation at the lower end of the frequency range, i.e. at a frequency of 5 MHz, a length of about 30 m (equivalent to 100 feet). This represents about one half of a free space wavelength at 5MHz. A such element is about twice as long as a conventional element that activates at the same frequency is. For reasons to be explained in more detail below, it is the capacitive line section connected in series, which capacitively loads the longer element so that its impedance is close to the series resonance at the other end of the Frequency range. In the present example, 5 MHz has been assumed as such a frequency. This is true although the element is made much longer than

009825/1 520

a conventional quarter-wave element designed to operate at such a frequency in Resonance device.

There are a number of different approximate solutions, those for studying the effect of the capacitors on increasing the physical length a resonance element can be used. One of the simplest approximate solutions is to use the capacity consider one or more capacitors connected to an element as a disconnecting element of the series inductance which belongs to a normal simple element.

The current distribution on a simple dipole element can best be viewed using a standing wave. A signal wave emitted by the control generator spreads over the element until it reaches the open end of the element. At this end there will be the signal wave reflected with reversed current phase; the reflected signal wave travels back to the generator. Interference between the input signal wave and the reflected signal wave lead to the standing wave, which is present on a resonance element.

The speed at which the emitted signal wave moves and propagate the reflected signal wave, satisfies the known relationship:

(1) ν = 1

Here, L is the coil inductance per meter of the Element and; the leakage capacitance to earth (or to

0 0 9 8 2 5/1520 ^BAD

a zero plane) per meter. It is also known that C and L in the case of simple thin dipoles have values such that the velocity V is approximately equal to the velocity of light in free space. Equation (1) applies to simple dipole antennas, uniform transmission lines, etc. In general, the following equation applies:

Z Y series deriv

The phase velocity of the wave on the antenna is greatly affected if capacitors are connected in series with the antenna conductor at relatively small intervals. If series capacitors are used with values such that a considerable part of the series inductance of the antenna conductor is switched off, it is found that the value Z _TJ ., In equation (2) is substantially reduced, due to the fact that the reactance of the Series capacitors largely compensates for the inductive reactance of the antenna conductor. Y * ^ i * t ^w - * - ^{r (} ^ ü'but not much changed.

The reduction in the value Z ^., Leads to an increase in the phase velocity of the signal wave occurring on the antenna conductor. The phase velocity increases to a value that can be significantly greater than the value of the speed of light. As a consequence of this increased phase velocity, the wavelength of the element with the series capacitance can be selected to be greater than the free space wavelength of the signal wave, by the same factor by which the velocity is increased. 'JIe increased phase length means that the length

009825/1 b 20 BADORlGtNAL

of the resonance element, in which the first resonance point of the impedance occurs, is larger than in a simple one Element. If such an element is used as an antenna, it radiates much more energy than a simple one uncontaminated element. In the present example, the increased element length is due to the capacitive Load of the element in question with one or more capacitors reached.

Although the above investigation has resulted in an element loaded with series capacitors at intervals which are available in sufficient numbers so that the row capacity can be assumed to be evenly distributed, however, a dense 'power' occurs when the row capacity is at one or more points along the Element length is concentrated. The points at which the series capacitors are arranged are like this chosen so that the phase of the current over the entire length of the element having an increased length almost is constant.

As already stated above, the logarithmic periodic antenna with an enlarged radiating aperture or several capacitors in series with each one enlarged Length owning element connected. The number and sizes of capacitors and the locations of their arrangement along the respective element having an increased length are selected as a function of how much the element in question is longer than a conventional element at a quarter of the free space wavelength. in the In general, the length of each element of the logarithmically periodic antenna with an enlarged antenna aperture is chosen so that that they are not less than a quarter of the free space wavelength and not more than five quarters of the free fringing

1 520 BADGRiGkNAL

wavelength lies. Excellent performance can be obtained with the aid of elements, each of which has a length owns that between einferittel and eii / quarter of free space wavelength lies, with the capacitive loading by means of one or two capacitors. For elements that are shorter than one half of the free kaura wavelength, a capacitor or is usually sufficient a capacitive line section. For elements larger than one-half the free space wavelength, two or more capacitors required. An example of such an element is shown schematically in FIG. 4; a complete Antenna combination of such elements is shown in FIG.

If the element is capacitively loaded with the help of two capacitors connected in series and thus an indoor, a middle and an outer element part is formed, should the inner part must be the shortest part and generally not be longer than half of the middle part. the The last-mentioned length should not exceed the length of the outer part. Satisfactory length ranges for the three parts are listed below:

1. Inner part: 1/12 to 1/8 of a free space wavelength;

2. central part: 1/6 to 1/4 of a free space wavelength;

3. Outer part: 1/4 to 3/8 of a free space wavelength.

These length ranges represent preferred length ranges; however, they are not intended to limit the invention. It will be understood that if more than two capacitors are connected in series with each element, the element concerned would have more than one center part. The fundamental consideration with regard to the selection of the relative lengths of each slement part and the sizes of the capacitors is carried out in a rotating manner, that one to

009825/1520

arrives at an element in which the phase position of the current is constant over almost the entire element length, and at the frequency at which the element enters its first state of resonance. Furthermore, this phase position should also apply for a reasonable frequency range above this resonance frequency.

As. As stated above, the Q values are in length enlarged elements significantly below the Q-values of corresponding simple elements in conventional logarithmic periodic antennas. The reasons for the

en
The reduction of the Q values is explained in more detail below

will. It is known that the radiation Q value of an antenna can be expressed by the ratio of the maximum blindener energy stored in the induction field surrounding the antenna to the energy radiated per high-frequency period. The stored reactive energy is mainly in the concentrated electric and magnetic fields that tightly surround the antenna wire. If the current in the antenna is kept at a constant value, the reactive energy increases in direct proportion to the length of the element. In contrast, it increases under the assumption that; the current is kept at a constant V / ert, the energy radiated by the antenna with the square of the dipole moment and thus with the square of the length of the element. Since the radiated energy leads to an increase with the square of the length, while the stored energy only leads to an increase proportional to the length, it can be seen that the QV of the element leads to a decrease, and vice versa proportional eu to L'a: e »In the first approximation.; r it follows that the", -V / ert of the elements of an antenna with extended S-ör-ahleröffri-Jir, -, in which the " esonar.Klänp -e of the elements c :: r. ε -.!: ϊίί e pure "I he ein" alrtor of sv: ei qröRe: ^ is, only half ε-C- VOi sc-ir ri νά ν; ie the ~ - ':! evt of the corresponding elements

0 0 9 8 2 5/1520

BATH ORIGINAL

with a simple crossed dipole. In fact, the Q reduction factor is due to a number of in the second place existing effects on here will not be discussed in detail, something greater than two.

In the foregoing, the logarithmically periodic antenna with expanded antenna aperture in conjunction with a symmetrized element structure and one intersecting Feed line has been considered. It should be noted, however, that in view of the fact that the new main feature of the Invention is directed to the elements having an increased length, which are arranged in a logarithmically periodic Antenna uses grounding, so this feature is not applied to a balanced antenna with a crossing feeder line is limited. Rather, this principle can also be used in a logarithmically periodic antenna that has a has straight and / or asymmetrical feed line, which causes a suitable phase delay. The requirement after the phase delay should be apparent to those skilled in the art.

In Fig. 5 is an embodiment of an unbalanced logarithmically periodic antenna shown with an enlarged beam aperture. This antenna is fed with respect to earth. The elements provided in FIG. 5, which correspond to the elements already explained in connection with FIG. 1, are denoted by the same reference numerals as those. Elements in Fig. 1. In Fig. 5, at 70 is a phase delay unit which can be realized in any way. For example, each unit 70 can pass through a bypass capacitor which is connected between the feed wire 12a of the feed line 12 and earth. It is also possible to have a series resonant circuit consisting of an inductance and a capacitance in such a

008825/1520

Way to switch. Another possibility is still in series with the wire 12a (as shown) to switch a conductor. Furthermore, the delay device by a row conductor and a Be formed by bypass capacitor. One more way is still to use a simple delay line drawn by a greater length of wire 12a is formed between adjacent elements. This is shown in FIG. 5 by the dashed lines in the unit 70 fe indicated, which is provided between the two longest elements on the right side.

Although in the above-described FIGS. 1, 3 and 5, the elements provided are shown lying at right angles to the feed line, in practice it is often expedient to incline the elements in the direction of the short end of the antenna, ie to incline them at an angle. This is illustrated in FIG. 6. The reasons for the inclination of the elements are known per se in the present field. In short, this happens because the current in a certain element of the antenna is not exactly in phase at all points, as should be the case if the W element is to radiate energy with maximum cross antenna gain. Rather, there is a phase delay in the stream when viewed from the feed end to the free outer end of the element. This delay results from the radiation, which changes the wave propagation on the element in such a way that the incoming reflected wave is smaller than the outgoing wave. The actual phase / position with which the current occurs then leads to the delay of the outgoing wave. This delay effect becomes more apparent when the element length is increased and, in accordance with the principles described above, beyond the length of a simple resonance element.

00S325 / 1520

One consequence of the delay mentioned is that a wave radiated from the element tends to reverse itself incline in the direction of the element axis. This leads to a broadening of the radiation character / the individual elements of the antenna structure. However, this delay effect is compensated for by the inclination of the respective element. Due to the aforementioned inclination, the energy radiated from the various parts of a single element leads a an additional variable in the phase position, namely in the main direction of radiation from the antenna. This acts it is the short end of the antenna. In this way the mentioned effects are in the opposite direction Direction balanced «This increases the overall antenna gain of the antenna in question.

From the above description it follows that the teachings according to the "Er-f" i ncteig: various embodiments / i of a real, lorariü .-. ^ .- j.iio '? .- periodic antenna are possible, which im Compare with a known logarithmically periodic antenna that has a higher internal gain. The increased antenna gain is achieved by the capacitively loaded elements, which are enlarged in length and which cause increased radiation in the direction of the antenna. The elements that have an increased length are distinguished by a lower Q value than corresponding elements of a conventional logarithmically periodic antenna. More elements are active over a wider frequency range. The consequence of this is an increase in the length of the active area of the antenna. sricht-Antennericrewinn. The reduced Γ-values of the 31 new er-sc-borrowed also the use of less seventh. This leads ειι -;:. :: .- ^ r v.'much smaller antenna in comparison su der 3rö ': - : - -: ■:.: ■ ■:. · Herkon. ::! I -?. '\ ~ -R. Logarithmically periodic :: antenna ,, eio f ^r ' :: - ie ;;

BATH ORIGINAL

0 0 9 8 25/1520

same antenna gain and designed for the same frequency range. The overall reduction in antenna size again simplifies the structure of the antenna support arrangement. Since the overall antenna size is reduced, the overall area efficiency of the antenna is also increased.

All of the advantages listed above are achieved by the capacitive loading of each element. Through this a substantial part of the series inductance of the respective element is switched off. This in turn leads to an increase in the phase velocity of the wave on the element and zv; ar to a V / ert which is greater than that Phase velocity of a free space wave. Such an enlarged longitudinal element radiates more energy than a simple uncontaminated element. Notwithstanding these statements, it should be noted that the advantages of the antenna can be realized in that the enlarged longitudinal elements are used, which are each individually capacitively loaded, in such a way that the phase position of the current largely is constant over the respective extended element. This applies to a frequency for which the element is designed and in which this element has its first series resonance point.

Although each embodiment of the logarithmically periodic antenna described above with an extended radiator aperture; the invention has advantageous properties that are not present in a known logarithmically periodic antenna, the logarithmically periodic antenna with extended beams "." opening corresponding to a conventional :; log-periodic antenna with respect to the Bil '~ u:;: "V of Antermenliombincitionen limited use" jer G ^ U.' I for this Berrensun: lierrt that despite de 3 er-hVliter Antenr ^ nr-ev... : inns in der vuerrichtunf? · at egg 1 :. ■ -; .- ^ i ": hnii;? ·?!: oericli ^ her: antenna nl *: - erv: festering radiator-

00982B / 152Ü

BATH ORIGINAL

opening is the physical width of the emitter aperture, also referred to above as the emitter opening decreases in this direction, logarithmically with increasing frequency. Accordingly, in use from logarithmically periodic antennas with enlarged radiator openings to antenna combinations these antenna combinations have intersecting lobes, as they would when using conventional logarithmically periodic Antennas to form antenna combinations occur.

It has now been shown that such problems can be solved by can be overcome that an antenna is used ^ that of a logarithmically periodic antenna with extended otstrahleröffnuxi /; corresponds, but in the difference For such an antenna, the physical width of its St rahler aperture does not increase as the frequency increases, but rather decreases rather, it is appropriately related to the physical dimension of the antenna in the transverse direction. There one such an antenna corresponds to a logarithmically periodic antenna with a wider beam opening in certain respects, In the following, such an antenna is also called a quasi-logarithmic periodic antenna with extended Emitter opening are referred to. Before some antenna combinations are described in which such a quasi-logarithmic periodic antenna with extended Aperture emitter is used, reference is first made to FIG. 6, in which an embodiment of such Antenna is shown. In FIG. 6, 80 denotes a feed line to which a plurality of dipoles 81 to 92 is directly connected. In the present case are this twelve dipoles. The elements of each dipole are inclined towards the antenna apex 95. In deviation from a conventional logarithmic periodic antenna or a logarithmic periodic antenna

BAD ÖfiiGINAL 009825/1520

1961728

extended. Aperture radiators in which the true logarithmic periodicity is maintained in every respect by controlling the relative lengths of the elements in such a way that the ratio of the lengths of adjacent elements is equal to a fixed ratio V are quasi-logarithmic in the case of the one shown in FIG periodic antenna with expanded aperture radiator the lengths of the elements and those elements that are capacitively loaded, selected so that the physical width of the aperture radiator in the transverse direction is in a suitable ratio to the largest dimension of the antenna in this direction. This value is almost constant for largely all frequencies within the antenna frequency range, but with the exception of the highest frequencies.

In Fig. 6, the largely constant physical width of the radiator opening is due to the almost constant Distance between the dashed lines 97 shown. As can be seen from Fig. 6, this is almost constant Aperture width in appropriate proportion to the largest dimension in the antenna in the transverse direction. This dimension is by the distance between the tips of the elements of the longest dipole 81. In contrast, with a conventional logarithmically periodic antenna or in the case of a logarithmically periodic antenna with an enlarged beam aperture, as has been explained above, the physical width of the opening or aperture decreases with increasing frequency. This is due to the diminishing Distance between the dash-dotted lines 98 indicated.

The almost constant physical width of the aperture is due to

the appropriate choice of the lengths of the elements is achieved by capacitively loading these elements, so that at any frequency within the antenna frequency range the active area of the antenna resonance

009825/1520

Contains elements whose combined radiation effect leads to a radiator aperture of almost constant physical width. The quasi-logarithmic periodic antenna shown in FIG. 6 with an enlarged radiator aperture contains three dipoles 81, 82 and 83 'which consist of simple elements. These elements are active at the lower operating frequencies of the antenna. At a point corresponding to a higher frequency, a dipole 84 is provided, which consists of two capacitively loaded elements. Each element is loaded by a series capacitor 100. Similarly, dipoles 85 and 86 are provided at locations which correspond to even higher frequencies. The development by iie capacitors 100 capacitive Belastung- of the elements of the dipoles 84- ₄ 85 and 86 is chosen so that in spite of the fact that the elements of these dipoles are longer than simple elements, the first "iescnansstelle these elongated elements at Cx: - ..?...? ^ l ^ J ^ top requenaen occurs as simple elementary; - ^ forr · ·; ■ ■ & elements at the same point to the feed line ün ^ would aöchlocsen.

It should be noted that in those cases in which the lengths of the simple elements of dipoles 81, 82 and S3 decrease in a logarithmically periodic manner, this does not apply to the loaded elements of dipoles 84-, S5 and 86. Instead, the element length of these three dipoles progressively exceeds the noise of simple logarithmically periodic elements which would be used in the same places in a conventional logarithmically periodic antenna. Bemremqi: have those connected to the * elements of these dipoles. Capacitors 100 values which decrease more than corresponding to a true logarithmically periodic. Relationship. Vr.ter the assumption of a VernHltrdssss ¥ of O ₅ S5 and the * further assumption that the »eggs ent läri'renbesi s; i; -r:; - 3 el. Ν logarithm ::.-Eh periodic is, v .- "re the fourth of Ko 2: der. ε 5. tj · ::.; 100 in ^ jei ^ rr. element of dipole 56? 2.- ^: - of T / ertss ^ es

009825/1520

BAD üfiiGiNAL

Capacitor 100 in each element of dipole 82. However, since the length of each element of dipole 86 is not 72 $ the Length of each element of the dipole 84, but rather is considerably longer, at around $ 90 the The capacitance of the capacitor in each element of the dipole 86 is substantially less than 72 / ^ of the capacitance value of the in Series with each element of dipole 84- switched capacitor. The capacitors in dipole 86 can only be $ 36 worth of the value of the capacitors in dipole 84- possess.

When in Fi ; ■ ;. It is assumed that the elements of the dipoles 87, 88 and 89, which are provided at locations corresponding to higher frequencies, are made so much longer with respect to the lengths of simple elements which are at the pale locations in a With conventional logarithmically periodic antennas, one capacitor in each of these elements would not suffice to achieve a suitable stabilization of the currents on this element 100. Accordingly, two series capacitance sections are used in the elements 87, 88 and 89 instead of elements with a series capacitor. It should be noted that despite the fact that in JTi ^. 6 local capacitors are denoted by the same reference number are, the capacitors have different values. It should also be noted that with Rüc Note that -Is-I ax Antsnne is only shown schematically in Fig. 6, the lengths of the seventh of the bipoles 87 »88 unc. 89 does not decrease logarithmically but periodically

eiiisr θϊι'Ό stirs-iiieiiden lo ^ sriiJhnicoi: "srioäischer; Ln / bezme out er-s.trscke ::, di

Q P * '* /' 'ί ■ "π

3 υ £ u. ' ■ ν. *. ν, ···

BAD ORjaiNAL

The capacitors coupled to the elements of these dipoles become smaller than that to a greater degree corresponds to a true logarithmic periodic ratio.

Behind element 89 are the lengths of the antenna sections between and adjacent to the capacitors in view to a free space wavelength at a frequency at which the elements are active, also too long. It would be possible to drive forward with longer elements by three capacitors per element would be used. However, it has been found that when approaching the top of the Frequency domain phase problems occur when trying to extend the lengths of the elements too far beyond normal To extend the resonance length of a quarter of a free space wavelength out. Accordingly included on the basis the teachings according to the invention, the elements of the dipoles 90 to 92 extended longitudinal openings or longitudinal apertures, which change in a true log periodic relationship, like any logarithmic periodic antenna with a wider beam opening is the case. The mentioned dipoles 90 to 92 are on Locations are provided which correspond to frequencies which are near the upper end of the frequency range. With such high frequencies take up the physical width of the radiator opening · Or aperture in a logarithmic periodic relationship, as shown in FIG. 6 by the distance between the lines 99 is indicated.

From the above explanation of the quasi-logarithmic periodic antenna with an expanded emitter aperture it can be seen that such an antenna while maintaining certain properties that are for a logarithmically periodic Antennas are characteristic, has the unique property of having a radiator opening or aperture,

009825/1520

whose physical width in the transverse direction of the antenna is regulated in such a way that there is a change: at a selected one Frequency over at least one selected bearing of the frequency range results. In the case of the one shown in FIG A particular embodiment are the lengths of the selected elements, such as the lengths of the dipoles 84-89, and whose capacitive loads are regulated so that an antenna with a radiator aperture is available, the physical width of which over the largest part of the antenna frequency range hinv / eg is largely constant. The only exception to this is the upper part of the frequency range. One Such an antenna is particularly useful when it is desired to put together an antenna combination that has over is able to work across a relatively large frequency range without problems due to intersecting To evoke clubs. Before the description of antenna combinations is continued, in which the properties of the quasi-logarithmic periodic antenna with extended First, a general description of the antenna combinations that occur is used Problems existed with regard to the use of known antennas. This is to be done for the purpose of to make the advantages particularly clear when using antenna combinations from quasi-logarithmic periodic antennas with enlarged radiator openings can be achieved.

In many antenna applications it is desirable to convert many simple antennas to larger antenna combinations / summarize. One purpose of such a summary of antennas consists in the fact that by enlarging aEtnp- the total aperture it is possible to achieve higher antenna gains and sharper bundling than with the help of simple antennas can be achieved. Another purpose is to

009825/1520

1961728

that it is progressively delayed by the application of voltages or leading phase positions to the successive elements of the antenna combination is possible, to control the bundling of the antenna combination to one side or to the other side 'V & er bank angle. the Beam deviation of the beam from the transverse direction is proportional to the phase delay or the phase. advance of the to the successive antennas of the Antenna combination applied voltages.

Up to now, transverse antenna combinations and antenna combinations that can be controlled in terms of their phasing have only been operated over relatively limited frequency ranges, in part because of the limited bandwidths of the individual elements that were used in the antenna combination. The use of conventional logarithmically periodic antennas instead of other antennas has indeed led to an expansion of the bandwidths within which such antenna combinations can be operated. However, the expansion of the bandwidth was not very great. This is the case although the logarithmically periodic antennas make the antenna combination very broadband. The reason for this limitation in this case is the occurrence of intersecting lobes in the antenna grain connection image. Such lobes occur when the distance between the elements in an antenna combination is considerably half a free space. ^; elleniän ~ e exceeds.

Uas presence of crisscrossing howls should be under Use of a specific example is more understandable v / earth. In this :: 3usamzaenhang it is assumed that; a·? conventional horizontally polarized logarithmic cericlische Antenna in a linear combination an-rsr-rdr-et

009825/1520

When put together as closely as possible, they ran about half a wavelength along side. the lowest operating frequency, since the elements in each antenna have a length corresponding to a quarter of the length. There is no crossing club at the lowest operating frequency. However, at a frequency that is twice this i-frequency, the antenna feed lines are one wavelength apart, and the space between the tips of the elements in adjacent antennas is half a V / ellen length ^ e. In such a case v; ^: Ire a mace available _s connected to the antenna combination in one - however _s It is :? line r l "" e Leule by the dia radiation characteristics of the individual elements suppressed _o

wrote s- ^! Ζη3'Όε.ΐ.Λ eiv-cibt sicJ2 ₃ v / enc die tio :! In sol-. ": '·' -.:?: - / hace'ila ^ e; ls ^^ aaß d ©

C..Z.-5 izvi Sasi-Caeh ^ n äsi- ζ1ί-1ΐ \ ..-- \ Ξ'ΰ-Ώ. 3c5tri5b = 3irsqueü3 is _s the ani? :: i: e: i!: O ^ -iii £ tic_.i in such: / P / Kujönla-ve ^ daS der Aiitemien = strahl 50 ": ic3h rsclits 7 * ΐ -λϊγ ""LtyriviclTLiun?.; Betraclitet p: e · = stouert v; i: -.; - so errit-j nioa -3in ^ " _: iieri -:? Iil-3 rlsieher Ampli · = tud-3 v; ieb © ii : i IIeiirr :: st; raiil _} , but with a 30 ° - = Linfcsn © igung ceso -er. on cie 'fisrricb.tun-; » This represents in dsn sieisten 7 ^: > 11 cn sir.OYi u: ia: ir: eiiiRbare! I ZitSteni. V / i3 "d attempted to deflect the antenna st rs hl v / 9 it or than 30, so approaching the I-reuaurr-s-reule der Ouerriclitunrr, and a'i-.er-ien: v: ird they 'cröTrer than the alleged main club. Darr.it should be evident, -la': traditional lo ;: -arithinic

m
Periodic antennas do not work with linear phase control. Ante :: rier /.-: o: nbir. ation er / verv: ends v / being able to ground the V. over a l ⁿ re? uence area; ^? work the bigger

3. ". ' ü.en Loiiren der · Srfindur. - - .. • ^ r-Ien such Frecuenzr..er-jichs "·: c-εoi". ": -" r / -: un.-en through appropriate channels

009825/1520 _{BAD 0RIGlNAL}

by quas! logarithmically periodic antennas with extended 3-radiator openings. These antennas correspond to the antenna just considered in connection with FIG. With the help of such antennas, antenna combinations are achieved which indicate in a satisfactory manner over frequency ranges _; "; can be operated, which have a D'requenzverlvl] tnis; ·;" IC to 1 umadser .. ^ ic- type u:; ü Weife, in which the quasllorvr.rithmically periodic antenna with extended radiator now-; can be put together to form an antenna combination, is best understood in connection with an example, as shown in I = ¹ Xg ;. 7 is shown. In li'irr. 7 is a schematic plan view of an antenna combination consisting of four quanilograrithmically periodic antennas with an expanded beam. The individual antennas are labeled 121 to 124. The feed lines of the bot vef fendon antennae are marked with: Ien .-! Oak bezufsseichen. The a'Indantennoji 121 and 122 have simple quarter-wave elements 125, which are logarithmically arranged on their outer sides in a logarithmic periodic arrangement Elements with a suppurated Cffnun: ·· bsv:. Aoertur. The relevant elements are capacitively loaded by uncompleted capacitors these little ones with the real people. ".- 'requeiizon in resonance felanr'jen v / ie the single quarter-wave elen ent on the ent r; p right-end steeper; with corresponding simple-logarithmic poi-iodic antennas.

At the in ^ i; ·. 7 u-i '.'-- ^ be Llt -'- n Antonne combination sinx ■ uin'■>.!:". I: *? Lnο.-. Antenxiftn .-. Umahiae-: om" ::: um nu : ¹ ein / iertei ier Je]!. ""Til-'ln'O -lo '. · Ur.be ^ nton i: .et; ::' iebsf requeni; voioinan-ior

009825/1520 BADOKiGiNAL

spaced, rather than half a wavelength like this
is normally the case with conventional logarithmically periodic antennas with quarter-wave horn elements. It should be noted that: the distance at which
the antennas of the antenna ^{combination of one another -} burn: are larger or smaller than a quarter-wave length. 'Jelclier. ". Stood here:; possibly ^r: i.hlt is, hKnj / t from the bandwidth to be covered.

With such an arrangement, the length of the l "n -stone inner elements of the Eridantrennen Λ7Λ and 122 and the LKn ~ e. Of each of the two IHn./st elements of the Riittelantnen 123 and • each only one eighth of the V / ellenlän; e boi of the lowest operating frequency. "These elements sir. :: cLur.-ch denotes" corpse occupation 1J1,. ". a these elements 131 rx-.r half as long; · are v: ie conventional quarters' .- 'oller.-Jloruent 3, v.'olche so ' ms -ole-'t are, da. ': si-3: v - i lev loicher. unrorsto :. / sequence ir. .'esonar.z r.-elan; or., sir.c here er.u ^ ■: · :: -jotzt ■ oil-:. '. ; irr "- ^ - ^η :". "3 ^ bensont ^ r'te ' ¹ " ¹ Ant; enner. kr-fzitive at their ends by Fo: .ider.s ^r ~ c vy :, ''.'y. Ό ■; - "'· .-";;. .. ' ^J _ene Lon'.oi.satoren 132 sir.:- zo '"9'- / HhI ^- C, uafi a hin"? O *' - oh »n'ie a slight burden for the elements ^! ..ir: l, the k '-. r ^ -or sin-I as the her .- ^ Jmmlichen Ele ^ erite ^{/ 1} 3 ^ · ^ ar.iit sin.l di> ~ o El-no:.; ; so from ^v estimmt, represent them in the ornamental el '·: eil s elements in .iosonar.z "-jlrui-er v; ürden in keihenresonanz relsn -'.-" calibrate frequency at which · herküciriliche! ". en. an e: .tsr: ecr: "/ ;. '· e 2nd burden"n'. the elenent is re-iDrlick, until -lie 'J-es.r.nc-IHnpe zv; -3ier cenachbarter, ent ^ e ^ enresetzc r.olari .-; ie.:-"i:e::· Elemeirce 'is leich or a-halbo "./ell^rl":'. ο: .-: ■! de.? jT9que..z V ..? r writes, with the diose El: -ri «n:; e iv. uaor.ariC

In i? Ir. 7 sine ". -:" ie AnDennenele ^ enfce .r.it ^ 53 -i ^ 'iö ^ ^ Q- ^ eichner. j "all Elo ::. or.te of this proportion: r: or: elome: -t; 9 solion

009825/1520

ORIGINAL BATHROOM

would assume 'en "to be shorter than a quarter of the YJellenlär. ~ e, in which they relaiiren in resonance. y ". , ■ '. o7 and Λ ⁷ _)? Wroazitiv eiTibelastet. An den .Jt ^] lo. ■,' Ji:: one: i rilener.-; -. rt before: -er- -!. he. sir. '· ur.d ar, to which the antennae by more than half a "./ellenl ^: -in ^; e are spaced apart from one another, each: j element has a land of more than one "ierteiweller.l" r. "e, Jeshalb ask the question Clement, a K] er.ent: .ii!" e: -.- / - 3itertor ^u: n ~ o is!.

li; Acv / eichur - from the! all .ijerrente r: iC ^ -i ^ nahre der Au, ": en elemente der Antennen ' ^] 2' \ ur.; 1C? all- ^ all; :: erte with expanded egg" Aoertur considers ■ .. 'earth:.,' .. "oak η ^τ ; their :; boi-xor: jircer i: ii} e: 'enta"cG'"3

v / ^f "i". ei Ie ^ ¹ ■ * 'υ' er ** '*';''"^ * / '/ u" ¹ - ■ """■''^ r -'*" * ■ e ^ i ^ - "^ ^^ ieirb ^? ^ ' ^Λ " ^. ^!

"! stu" ν ^{;: i} "" er. "a 't dac / - * / eine'j oei der" - "Xeiclien ^' rc - ^ 'j, · - ■';" in ".esor. '^; . :: n :: u -elar cn, in which an awkward 121: ¹ - :: "ir.! ο .-: er.ar.:· -elan ^ t, iac ar. oi; rer corresponding place ir. a gentlemanly Io -arithr.isch periodic Anter.r.er. at

a "'.v. ·. ·? ^1. '.";-; ·· ¹ "-? ld '::: e bositzsr.Ie :. elements identifier, st' reiher.r.:".;i; by individual i'oi.iersatoren '~ 52 :, ^A "-'-," Z " and • 3c bel-'ster i? ir.d. T.it 14-', "& 2 ur.d ^^ 3 oir .u I £ ler.e: .-; e "::" - draws, .Lie: '<? ". ·; eiIs through r'. 'ei i.cr. reraatcrer. ' ^Λ - ^ζ ,' ¹ ^ - "irr.d '-Ή" · beZa; ^ "' je ~ siiii. 1-ie ISIe ::: ent- those with smelled" ■ - "■ · '.- ^ - - ■ -, ■> .rsiuc: "■?.: A ^ d:? it or. own :, irei ur.c vi ^a r R- ^ ire ■ ".- ■» - ^. »- -; · tor er ..

009825/1520 _ΚΔη , __,

BAD OhiGiNAL

Preferably, the lengths of the antenna line sections between adjacent capacitors should be between about a six and a quarter of the free space wavelength. In some cases the However, they can also reach three eighths of the free space wavelength. The line lengths between the feed lines and the first capacitors should preferably be in the range of half the lengths of the line sections between the capacitors were running. It has been shown that the total length of an element with an enlarged emitter aperture etv / a twice as large: as the free xiaum now-be length can, before phase problems occur when the element is driven from both sides, v / ie this is illustrated in FIG. 7, and when the element is only driven from one end, as FIG. 6 illustrates.

If the antenna combination is excited with in-phase voltages from the signal sources 161 to 164, at which it are assumed to be signal sources that are known per se by a phase control unit (not shown) ./is taxed v / earth, so the current in the element is approximate evenly and in phase along the entire length of the array. This results in a cross lobe without itself crossing clubs. The power distribution over the entire length of the antenna combination in the event of an error with the lowest one Frequency is in? I> - ·. 7 by the dashed line 165 indicated schematically. The other antennas of the antenna combination are grounded by voltages from the different ones Signal sources errert and have the signal voltages of one end of the antenna combination to the other end has a lagging or a leading phase, then the Current despite an approximate uniformity in amplitude a corresponding delay or lead. Jies leads to that, dai :. the club to one or the other

009825/1520 _{BAD 0RiGiNAL}

Seito the transverse direction is controlled. It should be noted that this is achieved without having to accept the occurrence of the serious intersecting clubs to have to. Such lobes would occur when the antenna combination was conventional lorarithmic periodic antennas would be formed. In the present. ”'All however, such lobes do not occur because there are no gaps between the elements of adjacent antennas are.

Experience has shown that in order to achieve a satisfactory performance when using the principle of the extended radiator opening, the separate antennas of the antenna combination should not be further apart than about two to two and a half "noises at the highest operating frequency, if a drop in performance is not to occur . This factor, together with the desired bandwidth, determines the distance between the antennas in the antenna combination. I'erner this determines ". ~ '· Ύ: ΐο? the distance in './multiple lengths at the lowest frequency. - The greater the distance between the antennas, the greater must be. "Ie capacitors, such as the capacitors 132, 13 £, 57 and Ί3S _} , which connect neighboring elements of neighboring antennas with one another in the antenna combination. The purpose This measure is based on the fact that the never ο v-i '. - <:. ■ .. •' ■■ cjuer.qzuf'ehöri'Ton elements are appropriately tuned to the correct "frequencies.

ArJ; enner:.: Orabinations of the i \ yps compiled in Fig. 7 can also be put together in a vertical seal - .. • ground, as shown in the view according to Jl--. 8 et \: - 3; men IU ^ t. Zov '.'? ■ ;: cc '.: such a verni. alen antenna combination consists in the bundolun:; ssch "rfo in vertical.: ichtun · ;;: to stoL aim.

009825/1520 ^BA & original.

of the beam or the lobe in a vertical direction. Such a vertical beam control would require that the rows of opannum sources, which feed the individual antenna walls of the overall antenna combinations, are independent of the phase position. These relationships are in jie. S illustrated by two rresonae ^ te opannunfcouellen 171 and 172, which are connected to 3ub antenna combinations 173 and 174, these antenna combinations are arranged together in the vertical direction. Lie 3ub antenna combinations are held in place by an ira mast 175 and anchoring ropes 176. 'Can ntennenrombination in Fi: "linear antenna combination shown 7 correspond to each 3pannunrs source I...?' - each Cub ¹ and 172 assume that -AB represents a multitude of voltage sources, v / ie the Spo.n: iun ;; squeller- 161 ois 174. This scan source. ijj.ner. with such a I'hanenla -o c-eeiter-, since Ti is the fsv / desired club control; -; at de :. " ¹ pe * .. 'eili ~ "en Gub-Anter-er.kombination takes place. Although in? I ™. \ Only two oub-Anter.konibinations are represented. - also more than two sub-antenna combinations can be arranged in vertical _] beno a: i-: e.

V / ie in Έχ :. 8, the two 3ub antenna combinations convert at a common vertex 180. In this way, the antenna coirxinator: actually loparithnically periodic in the slevation plane. ji? s leads to an essentially frequency-independent ^ i'-e :. Sample or. Image in the 31 ev at ion a plane. If there is a desire to achieve a luster in the level of illegalization, in which the high frequencies of the club run closer and closer to the horizon than the lower frequencies: frequencies, uni. zv; ar when using antenna combinations that match the actual logarithmically periodic Gcheitelr.unit

009825/1520

BAD ORiGiMAL

convert, this can be done by; the Rectify vertices of the two sub-antenna combinations apart and then lifted off the ground.

The quasilo-arithmic periodic antenna with an extended radiator tube; of the type described above can also be put together in circular antenna combinations as well as in linear antenna configurations. 11- .. 9 shows a plan view of such an antenna combination, which consists of 18 individual antennas, which are designated A1 to A18. The typical details of the three antennas A4, A5 and A6 with their elongated elements and Eelastunnskondensatoren can be seen from Fig. 10. Pip. 11 shows a typical section through an antenna combination length-s of the line 11-11 entered in Fig. 9. In Fig. 10 are the feed lines with 181, 182 and 1c3 of antennas A4, A 5 and A6. Kit 185 denotes the auxiliary capacitors connected to elements 166. Hit 187 denotes capacitors that load the elongated elements 188 as series elements. Hit 190 denotes antenna trap masts, and 191 , 192 and 193 sir.i denotes the voltage sources which are coupled to the 3 feed lines 1, 1, 182 and 183.

V / ie from? Ir. 9 shows the antenna combination a Rinr. In the particular example, the radius is sloping of the inner circle of the antenna combination in the order of magnitude dea half of the value of the radius of the Aiv; en circle. So that "ndem the phvoik.alischon L "n" s of the elements over the length the antenna away by a factor of 2 to 1. This simplifies and decreased compared to the linear or rectilinear Antenna combination the number of row capacitance trucks to I2rzi \? i \ i-: n; the performance of a qu as! logarithmically periodic :: Antenna with an extended radiator aperture are required.

0 0 9 8 2 5/1520 ^BA P

The ring shape of the quasi-logarithmic periodic antennas with an extended beam opening ring-shaped antenna combination gives this antenna combination significant desirable achievements. One of these properties concerns the phasing of the control voltage tones in order to achieve a sharp focus.

Achieving a sharp focus with an 18 antenna comprehensive antenna combination, as shown in Fig. 9, are four, five and six antennas, the fill a sector from 80 to 120 °, excited at the same time. The other antennas are terminated by an impedance. An adjusted load is usually used for this, although in some cases an in appropriately selected reactance could be used. The antenna combination consists of more or fewer antennas than 16 antennas, so there are more or fewer antennas in that , respective energized sector included; the angular size of the Sector v / '- ro, however, about the same. To achieve maximum I bundle blurring or to achieve maximum antenna gain muli the field emitted by the various antennas in the respective excited sector at a distant point occur with the "! calibrated phase position.

Since the energy leaving the central antennas of the sector travels farther than the energy leaving the peripheral antennas must have these Antennas are excited with such a phase position that leads the phase position of the voltage, which at the Randar.tennen of the sector concerned. Usually v: earth the appropriate phase voltages for the various antennas are obtained by viewing the various antennas of the each .excited sector is connected to a common voltage source via transmission lines of different lengths

009825/1520

BATH ORIGINAL

v / earth. Are the connected to the edge elements Transmission lines longer than the transmission lines, connected to the middle elements, the energy emitted by the signal source achieves this middle element earlier than the edge elements. Thus, the energy given off by the middle element has a .Phase position, that of the phase position of the edge elements delivered energy leads. The size of the phase lead can be determined by the difference in the transmission line length be set accordingly.

It can be shown that the maximum antenna gain is achieved when the difference in phase delay in the lines is exactly the difference in the free one Compensates for the spatial distance traversed by the waves excited by the various antennas of each Side gates are radiated. Lie suitable lengths of the Phase lines can be of a simple geometric construction as shown in I? Ig. 12 is shown easily be determined. In FIG. 12, 201 to 205 are the phase centers denoted by five antennas of an excited sector. Line 210 represents a line that runs parallel to a phase front of a radiated wave. The arrows 211 to 215 indicate the lengths of the delay lines that are required to transmit a beam in Direction of arrow 220 of such a circular Sector antenna combination that contains five antennas.

Since the phase center of the logarithmically periodic antennas moves towards the upper or lower frequency end of the antenna shifts when the frequency is decreased a different set of phase lines is required for each frequency, to get an aligned beam.

009825/1520 BAD OKIGiNAL

In a true log periodic antenna, the vertex of all antennas that make up the circular antenna combination is a common point 200 in the center of the circle. The lengths of the required phase lines are inversely proportional to the frequency. Due to this fact, the use of real logarithmically periodic antennas in circular sector-antenna combinations is ruled out if the excited sector has a size of 20 or 30. Due to the ring shape of the quasi-logarithmic periodic antennas with an expanded circular antenna combination containing extended radiator openings; "however, the relative movement of the phase centers of the various antennas of the respective excited sector is much smaller, and moreover one set of phase conductors is sufficient for use at all operating frequencies the antenna combination normally v;. er-len the Länr-e of the phase lines selected in accordance with the orientation ^r les beam at high frequencies is the ratio of outer to inner radii cos hinges .rleich 2 to _*} ao is the lower in the. Frequencies introduced phase advantages are typically only half as large as they would be required to achieve excellent alignment. However, this error is relatively small in electrical degrees because of the large wavelength at the lower frequency. Furthermore, the transverse dimension of the beam opening in V / eller.-Länr; en is significantly smaller than with the higher frequency,

so that the adverse effect of the ihaser error is small

rrefj3H? is. The disadvantage in the form of a larger bundle width uoer the best bundle width that can be achieved in the P.auia, which is carried out by the antenna combination is negligible.

009825/1520 BAD OfilG. «*

It should be understood that it is not necessary to have an antenna combination, completely resolved into a circle, of quas! Logarithmically periodic antennas with an extended radiator opening; build up, as Fi ;;. 2 shows. Depending on the required azimuth range and the angle of the sector to be excited, the quasi-arithmically periodic antennas with an extended radiator opening can be arranged in a sector of a circle. The middle antennas of sector v would then only have capacitively loaded elements with extended radiators, as Fir would be arranged periodically, in a corresponding manner as the outer elements in the antennas 1? "i and 122 in FIG. 7th

Finally it should be noted that "the invention is based on the the exemplary embodiments described above are not restricted is, but without deviating from the inventive concept can still be modified in various ways.

BATH ORIGINAL

009825/1520

Claims (1)

Patent claims Logarithmically periodic antenna for signals with a frequency lying in a selected frequency range, using a feed device which is able to receive signals with a frequency in said frequency range from a signal source, v / obei the feed device extends along a feed axis and with a plurality of radiator elements is coupled to points which are removed from a selected point on the feed axis at selected distances, characterized in that at least one radiator element (21 to 32) has a capacitive structure (34-) for capacitive Load is assigned in such a way that a first row of "resonance points" is present at the capacitively loaded radiator element (32) in question and that its total physical length is greater than a quarter of the free space wavelength of the signals fed to the feed device (12). 2. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that , each radiator element (21 to 3 * 0 by a capacitive Series structure (34) is capacitively loaded and at least has an internal part that connects directly to the feeder (12) is coupled and to which at least one outer part is connected via the capacitive Heihengebilde (34) (32a) adjoins, and that the Strahlereleieni ^ in ^ a becomes active when its inner and outer parts are shorter than 1/4 and 1/2 of the wavelength of the free space wave of the signals fed to the storage device (12). 009825/1520 BATH ORIGINAL 3. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one radiator element (32) has an inner part with a first end which is directly connected to the feed device (12), and with one second opposite end and an outer part (32a) with a first one of the feed device (12) facing away from the free end and with a second opposite end and that the capacitive Structure (34-) a capacitive load between the two second ends of the inner and outer parts of the radiator element (32). 4. Antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the capacitive structure is a single capacitive line section (41; 42 in Fig. 2) which is directly connected to the second ends of the inner and outer parts of the radiator element (34-) as a series capacitance between these element parts is connected that the outer part is longer than the inner part of the radiator element (32), preferably almost twice as long as the inner part of the radiator _{element (32) i} uncT that the total length of the radiator element (32) is greater than 1/4 "X and less than iA ^ the wavelength of the free space wave of the supplied signals, at which the radiating element (32) comes into resonance. 5. Antenna according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that that the outer part is smaller than 1/2 and that the inner part is smaller than 1/4 A, where λ is the wavelength the free space wave of the supplied signals means in which the radiator element (32) in Received a response. 009825/1520 BADORlGfNAL 6. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that ; each radiator element (35) by a capacitive series structure (41,4-2) is loaded, an inner part (36) with a first end which is directly connected to the feed device (12a) is coupled, and with a freezing point second end, furthermore an outer part (38) with a free end that is removed from the feed device (12) dt, and having a second end and at least one middle part (37) that contains the capacitive Series structure (41,42) contains at least a first and a second capacitive member (41,42) and that the capacitive members (41,42) connected to the second ends of the inner and outer parts (36,3 £) and are connected via at least one middle part (37). 7. Antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that each capacitively loaded radiator element (35) with capacitive ones formed by line sections Links (41,42) is coupled. S. Antenna according to Claim 6, characterized in that each radiator element (35) only a first and a second line section (36,3S) and only one single middle part (37) contains that the total length of the relevant element (35) does not exceed 5/4 λ, v / ob ei Λ the free space wavelength of the supplied Signals means in which the respective element comes into resonance. 9. Antenna according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized characterized in that the central part (37) is longer than the inner part (36) and shorter than the outer part (38) of the emitter element (35) in question. 0058 257 1520 ^ ₁₁ ... BAD ORlGiNAU 10. Antenna according to claim 9 »characterized in that the length / the inner part (36) in the range of 1/12 Λ to 1/8 λ lie [rt that the LHnrre χ of the central part (37) in the range between 1/6 λ and 1/4 λ lierrb and that the L-insre χ of the outer part (38) is in the range between 1/4 ^ and 3/8 λ, where Λ means the free space wavelength. 11. An antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one radiator element (84 to 86) has an inner part with a first end that is directly connected to the feed device (80), and with a second end overhanging this end. i part with a first free end which is detached from the feed device (80), and with a second end which overlaps this end, since !; the capacitive structures (100) as the, iev; eilip; e inductive reactance-eliminating series capacitance s load impurities are provided between the second ends of the respective inner and outer parts, that ^ each capacitive structure (100) contains a single capacitive Leitunrsabschnitt that the The outer part is almost twice as long as the inner part of the respective radiator element (84 to 86), so that at least one further radiator element 'c? to 92 is provided, which is loaded by a capacitive series member (100) that this further radiator element (87 to 92) has an inner part with a first end which is directly connected to the feed device (60) and with oineir: second end that overlaps this 2r.de and an outer part with a first free end that is from the feeder CSO) from -ev.'andt, and with • rir.sn second or. S: ide contains _t that- at least a first ur.r. oir. second capacitive member is provided that; 1ϊ ^λ - · λ -.irrizitiver. Links with the second ends of the 009825/1520 BATH above Inner and outer parts and are connected to one another by at least one central part that at least one middle part shorter than the outer part and longer than the inner part of the radiator element in question (87 to 92) and that the respective radiator element (81 to 92) are capacitively loading Links are line sections. (Fig. 6) 12. Antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that that the respective radiator elements (81 to 92) in such a way are capacitively loaded that there is a change in the physical width of the radiator opening in the antenna cross-device at a certain frequency over at least part of the frequency range to be taken into account pisses off. 13. Antenna according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the radiator elements (81 to 92) are attached to the feed device (80) with respect to a fixed point (95) along the feed axis at logarithmically periodic intervals are coupled. . Antenna according to one of claims 11 to 13 »d ^ a by characterized in that the radiator elements (81 to 91) »the near the lower end of the frequency range in Reach resonance, are connected to this in the region of the rear end of the feed device (80) that the radiator elements (8? to 92), which come into resonance near the upper end of the frequency range, in the Area of the front end of the Soeiseeinrichtung (80) are connected to this that a plurality of largely straight radiator elements (81 to 86) a first group of radiator elements (81 to 8 $), at different points of the feeding device (80) are connected near the rear end, and 009825/1520 bad a second group of radiator elements (84 to 86), each of which by at least one capacitive Member (100) is capacitively loaded that the radiator elements belonging to the second group of radiator elements (84 to 86) to the feed device (80) following the first group of radiator elements (81 to 83) are connected so that a third group of radiator elements (87 to 92) is provided, each element of which is capacitively loaded by two capacitive members, so that the radiating elements (87 to 92) of the third radiator element group to the feed device (80) following the radiator elements (84 to 86) of the second radiator element group are connected to the front end that the radiator elements (81 to 86) of the first and the second radiator element group are largely the same physical Have lengths and are each longer than 1/4 of the free space wavelength of the signals for which the relevant Radiator elements (81 to 86) resonate, and that the lengths are above 1/4 of the increase in free space wavelength towards the front end. 15. Antenna according to claim 14, characterized in that the physical width of the radiator opening over a significant part of the frequency range largely is kept constant. 16. Antenna according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized characterized in that in addition to said radiator elements (81 to 92) a second plurality of corresponding Radiator elements (81 to 92) are provided which, together with the first-mentioned radiator elements, radiator element pairs form, and that the radiator elements of each otstrahlerelemenbpaares on opposite sides 009825/1520 ^{BAD ommAL} Sides of the feed device (SO) are arranged. ' 17. Antenna according to claim 16, characterized in that that the radiator elements of each radiator element pair from a fixed point along the feed axis at logarithmically periodically offset points with the feed device (80) are coupled. 18. Antenna according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that since "the feeder (80) two crossed Has feed lines, each of which has alternating Lateral radiator elements of successive pairs of radiator elements are connected, and that the capacitive members (100) capacitive line sections are. 19. Antenna according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized characterized in that the radiator elements (81 to 92) each pair of radiator lines are of equal length and attached to the feed device (80) at points are coupled, which are equidistant from a selected fixed point (95) on the feed axis are, and that the radiator elements (81 to 92) of each radiator element pair from the feed device (80) stand out from diametrically. 20. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the ratio of the lengths of adjacent Radiator elements (e.g. 32, 31 in ^ ig · 1) the same is the ratio of the distances between a selected fixed point (20) on the feed axis and the intersections, at which the relevant adjacent radiator elements (32,31) are coupled to the feed device (12). 000825/15 20 BATH ORIGINAL 21. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 20 for forming an antenna combination, characterized in that a first and a second feed device (121,122 and 181, 185) is provided that a first plurality of radiator elements (131 to 155) to the first Feed device (121 or 161) is coupled, that a second plurality of radiator elements is coupled to the second feed device (122 or 185), that devices are provided which provide a series connection between the radiator elements of the first plurality of radiator elements and the radiator elements of the second Produce a large number of radiator elements in such a way that different radiator elements connected in series p-elanren in series resonance when signals of different frequencies are fed to the first and second feed devices (121, 122), and because of the capacitive load the inductive Reactance of at least a few of the ¹ -series-connected radiator elements aorart with influence is that the _t ie-'A'eils allied with one another beam er el er. he. te _t Ii ο Je *. . -Ir.a "ine physical Länpe have χ advised in series resonance when Sinnale with a free ^Raumwellenl: INPE occur χ where χ> 1 / 4λ is. 22. Antenna according to claim 21, characterized in that the SpeiQeeir.richtur. ~ S (121, 122) run almost parallel to each other, since the first and the second plurality of radiator elements: s has radiator elements (sB131 to ^ 35) , which at relatively low frequency in resonance harvests and those near the rear end of both. Süeiseeinrichtunpen (121,122) are coupled, there.? At least some of the radiator elements that resonate at the relatively low I-requens are shorter than 1/4 · ^ \, where λ means the free 0 0 9825/1520 BAD OfiiälNAL Series resonance occurs and that facilities are provided which are the radiator elements (e.g. I3I to 135) through termination capacities (132 to 138) like this serially connect that their electrical lengths are almost 1/4 λ. 23. Antenna according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that: the two feeding devices (121, 122) are spaced apart substantially less than 1/4 λ from one another, v; obei Λ the free space wavelength of the signals with the lower i ' reouenz means within the frequency range, and dai? a final loading of elements takes place whose physical length ^; ; e is shorter than 1/4 of the length at which the ray elements pass in series reconciliation. . 24 antenna according to one of claims 21 to 23, characterized characterized in that the elements attached to each feed device (121,122) are connected in logarithmic form periodic intervals from a selected point on the south axis. 25. Anter.ne r.sch claim 21, characterized in that the two. Cpeiseeinrichtunpren (1 ^ 1,163) run radially from a * antenna center (2OG) v; eg that the front IJr.oor- the first and second feeder · - ^ 151,103) at a radial distance r. are removed from the antenna center point (2OC) that the rear ^ r.den of the feed devices (181,183) in a radial distance r ^ from the antenna center point (200) _n away. G-ir.-c.,. v: obei r ^> ■? _{: y} . -is,. .Λα ?, corresponding ■ · Str-ahle -'- olc-sonte de.r -ar .-- the first and -der ⁷ an *, the second side o ^ eiG ^ sinric ^ unF - (1δ1; ₄ . · 1δ'3). "ekoppelten. and '^ between-' 00982 5 /, 15.2 Q., ... _0RieiNAL these arranged radiator elements are connected in series that the radiator elements at the rear End of the feeders (181,183) at the low frequency within the frequency range in series resonance arrive and that the radiator elements that are coupled to the front end of the feed devices (181,183) at the highest frequency of the frequency range get into series resonance. 26. Arrangement according to claim 25, characterized in that that the connected to each feed device (181,183) Radiator elements at logarithmically periodic distances from a selected point (200) on the feed axis are arranged. 27. Antenna according to one of Claims 21 to 26, characterized in that the ratio of the highest frequency to the lowest frequency within the frequency range to be taken into account is greater than 2. 28. Antenna according to one of claims 21 to 27, characterized in that the two feed devices (121,122 or 181,183) are provided on opposite sides that a first plurality of radiator elements is provided, which is coupled to the first feed device (121 or 181) on the outside thereof and facing away from the second feed device (122 or 182) is that a second plurality of radiator elements is provided with the z \; elite feeding device (122 or 183) coupled and turned away from the first feed device (121 or 181) that at least a plurality of capacitively loaded elements (e.g. 131 and 186, respectively) the first and second feed devices (121,122 and 181,183) on the inside 009825/1520 ORiGiNAL BATHROOM such connects, and that each suchi '-. e riement / riapazitiv is burdened that it is at a different frequency within the frequency range to be considered in Series resonance arrives, the phase position of the current in each resonance element over its total Läni-e is almost constant. (iir ;. 10) 29. Antenna according to one of claims 21 to 26, characterized in that at least one third feed device (123, 124 or 182) is provided, which is arranged between the first and the second feed device (121, 122 or 181, 183) and the at least one first plurality of capacitively loaded radiator elements (eg 18o) which are connected to the first and to the third feed device and which are push-pull; work, and that each capacitively loaded radiator element is capacitively loaded by at least one capacitive element (e.g. 165,1 & 7 in '21? .. 10) and resonates at a different frequency within the frequency range, the I-hasenla-je of the current is almost! constant over the entire length of the respective radiator element. 30. Antenna according to claim 29, characterized in that at least a first plurality of capacitively loaded radiator elements (e.g. 18c) is provided, the r'edes A capacitive member (z.3. 1 & 7) is connected to the central radiator element (812) that the radiator elements are loaded by such a number of capacitive members that two outer parts and at least an inner part is formed, and that the outer parts accordingly a ratio of 1: 2 are shorter than the inner part. BATH ORIGINAL 009825/1520 Blank page