DE19600483A1 - Odour control during composting - Google Patents

Odour control during composting

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Publication number
DE19600483A1
DE19600483A1 DE1996100483 DE19600483A DE19600483A1 DE 19600483 A1 DE19600483 A1 DE 19600483A1 DE 1996100483 DE1996100483 DE 1996100483 DE 19600483 A DE19600483 A DE 19600483A DE 19600483 A1 DE19600483 A1 DE 19600483A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
substances
liquids
composting
agent
waste
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE1996100483
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Eberhard Wistuba
Michael Zink
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE1996100483 priority Critical patent/DE19600483A1/en
Publication of DE19600483A1 publication Critical patent/DE19600483A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/01—Deodorant compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L11/00—Methods specially adapted for refuse
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F7/00—Cleaning or disinfecting devices combined with refuse receptacles or refuse vehicles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

Process for reducing odours produced by metabolic processes, especially odours that arise during the storage and composting of organic waste materials and/or odours that originate from liquids that may form during the storage of these materials or during the metabolic process, comprises adding an agent that absorbs the odours and liquids to "the substances effecting the metabolic processes". Preferably the agent is active carbon or "active coke" or another material with adsorbent and absorbent properties, e.g. aluminosilicates such as zeolites, perlite and kieselguhr, or a mixture of these.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und ein Mittel zur Reduzierung von Geruchsstof­ fen, die bei biologischen Stoffwechselprozessen, insbesondere beim Lagern und Kom­ postieren von Stoffen in Form von Bioabfällen entstehen und/oder Flüssigkeiten ent­ stammen, die beim Lagern dieser Stoffe und/oder während des Stoffwechselprozesses anfallen können.The invention relates to a method and a means for reducing odorant fen, which in biological metabolic processes, especially in storage and comm Post substances in the form of bio-waste and / or ent liquids originate from the storage of these substances and / or during the metabolic process may arise.

Es ist bekannt, daß sich bei biologischen Stoffwechselprozessen, insbesondere bei Güllestoffen, aber auch beim Lagern von Bioabfällen und/oder beim Kompostieren dieser Abfälle unangenehme Geruchsstoffe bilden können. So sind beispielsweise schwefelorganische Verbindungen, Ammoniak, Alkohole, Ketone usw. für die Bildung dieser Geruchsstoffe mitverantwortlich. Auch kann durch in den Abfällen vorhandene oder im Laufe der Stoffwechselprozesse eventuell entstehende Flüssigkeiten die Ge­ ruchsemission verstärkt werden.It is known that biological metabolic processes, especially in Slurry materials, but also when storing organic waste and / or composting these wastes can form unpleasant odors. For example organosulfur compounds, ammonia, alcohols, ketones, etc. for education responsible for these odorants. Can also be present in the waste or liquids that may arise in the course of the metabolic processes emissions are increased.

In Haushalten beispielsweise müssen Bioabfälle separiert und bis zur Abholung zwi­ schengelagert werden, was besonders an heißen Tagen zu Geruchsbelästigungen führt. Gleiches läßt sich auch bei großtechnischen Kompostierungsanlagen beobachten, die zum Kompostieren und Verarbeiten des anfallenden Bioabfalls bestimmt sind.In households, for example, organic waste has to be separated and collected between two stored, which leads to odor nuisance, especially on hot days. The same can be observed in large-scale composting plants that are intended for composting and processing the bio-waste.

Handel und Industrie bieten mittlerweile Additive für die Beschleunigung und Opti­ mierung des Kompostier- und Rotteprozesses an. Diese Stoffe sind jedoch nicht in der Lage, die Entwicklung unangenehmer Gerüche zu vermeiden.Trade and industry now offer additives for acceleration and opti the composting and rotting process. However, these substances are not in the Able to avoid the development of unpleasant smells.

In der großtechnischen Kompostierung werden zur Reduzierung von Geruchsemis­ sionen auch spezielle Abgasfilter eingesetzt. Diese aus Kompostfraktionen oder Hei­ dekraut/Torf-Gemischen oder Holz/Zellulosematerialien oder auch Mineralien beste­ henden Filter können jedoch ebenfalls keine vollständige oder weitgehende Geruchs­ beseitigung bewirken.Large-scale composting is used to reduce odor emissions special exhaust filters are also used. This from compost fractions or Hei best herbs / peat mixtures or wood / cellulose materials or minerals However, existing filters can also not have a complete or extensive odor cause elimination.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren sowie ein zur Durchführung dieses Ver­ fahrens geeignetes Mittel vorzuschlagen, die in der Lage sind, die bei den eingangs erwähnten Stoffwechselprozessen entstehenden Geruchsemissionen in zufriedenstel­ lender Weise zu reduzieren, ohne daß eine Beeinträchtigung der Stoffwechselprozesse zu befürchten ist.It is an object of the invention, a method and an implementation of this Ver propose suitable means that are capable of working at the beginning mentioned odor emissions arise in a satisfactory manner lender way to reduce without affecting metabolic processes is to be feared.

Die Aufgabe ist in erfinderischer Weise durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale der An­ sprüche 1 und/oder 2 gelöst.The task is inventive according to the characterizing features of the sayings 1 and / or 2 solved.

Das vorgeschlagene Verfahren ist problemlos und einfach durchzuführen. Ein schich­ tenweises Bestreuen der Bioabfälle genügt gewöhnlich.The proposed method is simple and easy to carry out. A shich Sprinkling the biowaste ten times is usually sufficient.

Das oder die vorgeschlagenen Mittel wiederum sind in der Lage, die entstehenden Ge­ ruchsstoffe physikalisch und auch chemisch zu binden oder aufzunehmen, beispiels­ weise zu adsorbieren. Weiter besitzen diese Mittel die Eigenschaft, bei den Stoffwech­ selprozessen eventuell anfallende Flüssigkeiten aufzunehmen, z. B. zu absorbieren und, wenn nötig, auch wieder abzugeben. Die Flüssigkeitsaufnahme steht mit der Flüssigkeitsabgabe des oder der Mittel in einem Gleichgewicht, so daß die Flüssig­ keitsgehalte des zu kompostierenden Bioabfalles im gesamten Abfallvolumen homogen verteilt werden. Darüber hinaus werden durch die poröse Struktur des Mittels sehr gute Voraussetzungen für die zur Kompostierung notwendigen Mikroorganismen geschaffen. Durch die adsorbtiven Eigenschaften des oder der Mittel werden ferner für die Mikrobiologie schädliche Stoffe wie Schwermetalle usw. gebunden. Der Kompostiervorgang wird also in dreifacher Hinsicht optimiert.The proposed means or resources, in turn, are able to control the resulting ge binding or absorbing odoriferous substances physically and also chemically, for example to adsorb wisely. These agents also have the property of metabolism sel processes to absorb any liquids, e.g. B. absorb and, if necessary, to hand in again. The liquid intake stands with the Liquid release of the agent or agents in equilibrium so that the liquid contents of the bio-waste to be composted in the total waste volume  be distributed homogeneously. In addition, the porous structure of the agent very good conditions for the microorganisms necessary for composting created. The adsorbent properties of the agent or agents are also used for the microbiology bound harmful substances such as heavy metals etc. Of the The composting process is therefore optimized in three ways.

Ist das Mittel vorzugsweise eine Aktivkohle, dient dieses auch als weitere Nahrungs­ quelle für solche Mikroorganismen, die in der Lage sind, Kohlenstoff in der hier vor­ liegenden Form aufzunehmen. Weiter ist das Mittel ein inertes, poröses Material und kann deshalb dem Bioabfall problemlos als Additiv zugegeben werden.If the agent is preferably an activated carbon, this also serves as additional food source for such microorganisms that are able to carbon in the here record lying shape. Furthermore, the agent is an inert, porous material and can therefore easily be added to the bio-waste as an additive.

Treten trotz Zugabe noch Geruchsstoffe auf, so kann das Mittel auch in einem Abluft­ filter Restkonzentrationen von Geruchsstoffen aufnehmen. Ist das Mittel nach einiger Zeit beladen, kann es in den Bioabfall gegeben und durch ein frisches Mittel ersetzt werden.If odorants still appear despite the addition, the agent can also be in an exhaust air filter Take up residual concentrations of odorous substances. Is the mean after some Loading time, it can be added to the bio waste and replaced by a fresh agent will.

Das erfinderische Verfahren besteht darin, daß den die Stoffwechselprozesse bewir­ kenden Stoffen, ein Mittel zugegeben wird, das in der Lage ist, die Geruchsstoffe so­ wie die möglicherweise entstehenden Flüssigkeiten aufzunehmen.The inventive method is that the metabolic processes kenden substances, an agent is added that is able to so the odorants how to absorb the liquids that may arise.

Das erfinderische Mittel wiederum ist bevorzugt aus Aktivkohle oder Aktivkoks gebil­ det. Das Mittel kann aber auch aus anderen, im Sinne der Erfindung geeigneten, mit adsorbierenden und absorbierenden Eigenschaften ausgestatteten Substanzen bestehen, etwa Zeolithen, Perliten, Kieselgur usw., die z. B. auf Aluminium-Siliziumverbindun­ gen aufgebaut sind. Alle diese Mittel oder Substanzen, einschließlich der Aktivkohle oder des Aktivkokses, lassen sich untereinander beliebig mischen.The inventive agent in turn is preferably made of activated carbon or activated coke det. However, the agent can also be made from other agents which are suitable for the purposes of the invention substances with adsorbing and absorbing properties exist, such as zeolites, perlites, diatomaceous earth, etc., the z. B. on aluminum-silicon compounds gen are built. All of these agents or substances, including activated carbon or the activated coke can be mixed with one another as desired.

Das beispielsweise als Aktivkohle oder Aktivkoks gebildete Mittel wird in pulveriger oder körniger Form dem Bioabfall zugegeben. Es ist zweckmäßig, vor dem Lagern des Bioabfalles eine Menge Aktivkohle oder Aktivkoks von 1 bis höchstens 30 Gewichts­ prozenten des Bioabfalls flächig auf einer dafür vorgesehenen Lagerfläche aufzubrin­ gen. Bei einer Bio-Abfalltonne ist dies z. B. der Boden der Tonne. Anschließend er­ folgt das Befüllen oder Lagern des Bioabfalles. Es ist vorteilhaft, im Laufe der Lage­ rungs- oder Füllvorgänge als Zwischenschichten oder als Endschicht weitere Aktiv­ kohle hinzuzugeben. Auf diese Weise kann eine zufriedenstellende, ja fast vollständige Reduzierung von entstehenden Geruchsstoffen sowohl bei der Zwischenlagerung als auch bei der Kompostierung von Bioabfällen erzielt werden.The agent formed, for example, as activated carbon or activated coke becomes powdery or granular form added to the bio waste. It is advisable to store the Biowaste a quantity of activated carbon or activated coke from 1 to a maximum of 30 weight percentages of bio-waste to be deposited on a designated storage area With an organic waste bin, this is e.g. B. the bottom of the barrel. Then he followed by filling or storing the bio-waste. It is beneficial in the course of the situation Activation or filling processes as intermediate layers or as final layers further active add coal. In this way, a satisfactory, almost complete Reduction of odorants produced both during intermediate storage and can also be achieved when composting organic waste.

Ein vorzugsweise als Aktivkohle gebildetes Mittel läßt sich in bevorzugt gekörnter Form auch in einer Vorrichtung unterbringen, durch welche zumindest ein Teil der Abluft von wenigstens einem Bioabfallbehälter oder von mindestens einer Kompo­ stieranlage geleitet wird.An agent preferably formed as an activated carbon can be preferably granular Also place the mold in a device through which at least part of the Exhaust air from at least one organic waste container or from at least one compo bull system is directed.

Claims (4)

1. Verfahren zur Reduzierung von Geruchsstoffen, die bei biologischen Stoffwech­ selprozessen, insbesondere beim Lagern und Kompostieren von Stoffen in Form von Bioabfällen entstehen und/oder Flüssigkeiten entstammen, die beim Lagern dieser Stoffe und/oder während des Stoffwechselprozesses anfallen können, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß den die Stoffwechselprozesse bewirkenden Stoffen ein die Geruchsstoffe und die Flüssigkeiten aufnehmendes Mittel hinzugegeben wird.1. A method for reducing odoriferous substances which occur in biological metabolic processes, in particular when storing and composting substances in the form of bio-waste and / or liquids which may arise during the storage of these substances and / or during the metabolic process, characterized thereby, that the substances which cause the metabolic processes are added an agent which absorbs the odorous substances and the liquids. 2. Mittel zur Reduzierung von Geruchsstoffen, die bei biologischen Stoffwechselpro­ zessen, insbesondere beim Lagern und Kompostieren von Stoffen in Form von Bioab­ fällen entstehen und/oder Flüssigkeiten entstammen, die beim Lagern dieser Stoffe und/oder während des Stoffwechselprozesses anfallen können, dadurch gekennzeich­ net, daß das Mittel zur Aufnahme der Geruchsstoffe und der eventuell entstehenden Flüssigkeiten bestimmt ist und durch Aktivkohle oder Aktivkoks oder durch andere geeignete, mit adsorbierenden und absorbierenden Eigenschaften ausgestattete Sub­ stanzen, etwa durch auf Aluminium-Siliziumverbindungen aufgebaute Stoffe wie Zeolithen, Perliten, Kieselgur usw. oder aus beliebigen Mischungen zumindest eines Teils dieser Stoffe gebildet ist.2. Means for reducing odorants, which in biological metabolism pro in particular when storing and composting materials in the form of bio-waste cases arise and / or liquids originate from the storage of these substances and / or may occur during the metabolic process, characterized net that the means for absorbing the odorous substances and the possibly arising Liquids is determined and by activated carbon or activated coke or by others suitable sub equipped with adsorbing and absorbing properties stamping, for example by materials based on aluminum-silicon compounds such as Zeolites, pearlites, diatomaceous earth etc. or at least one of any mixtures Part of these substances is formed. 3. Mittel nach Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mittel aus einem inerten, porösen Material besteht.3. Composition according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the agent an inert, porous material. 4. Mittel nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zum Unterbringen in einer Vorrichtung bestimmt ist, die zur Durchleitung der Abluft aus wenigstens einem Bioabfallbehälter oder wenigstens einer Kompostieran­ lage vorgesehen ist.4. Means according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is intended to be accommodated in a device which is intended for the passage of the Exhaust air from at least one organic waste container or at least one composting machine location is provided.
DE1996100483 1996-01-09 1996-01-09 Odour control during composting Withdrawn DE19600483A1 (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19806089A1 (en) * 1998-02-14 1999-08-19 Schmidt Gmbh & Co Kg Biokompos Binding odorants in undigested organic wastes, e.g. human or animal feces and/or urine useful as fertilizers
EP1028091A2 (en) * 1999-02-11 2000-08-16 Schwarting-Uhde GmbH, Umwelt- und Bioverfahrenstechnik Method for treating fermentation residues
WO2013163170A1 (en) * 2012-04-26 2013-10-31 The Procter & Gamble Company Composting appliance with malodor control and method of eliminating odor in composting
WO2013163361A1 (en) * 2012-04-26 2013-10-31 The Procter & Gamble Company Articles for in-home composting and method of composting

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19806089A1 (en) * 1998-02-14 1999-08-19 Schmidt Gmbh & Co Kg Biokompos Binding odorants in undigested organic wastes, e.g. human or animal feces and/or urine useful as fertilizers
EP1028091A2 (en) * 1999-02-11 2000-08-16 Schwarting-Uhde GmbH, Umwelt- und Bioverfahrenstechnik Method for treating fermentation residues
DE19905593A1 (en) * 1999-02-11 2000-08-17 Schwarting Uhde Gmbh Umwelt Un Process for the treatment of digestate
EP1028091A3 (en) * 1999-02-11 2002-10-23 Schwarting Umwelt GmbH Method for treating fermentation residues
WO2013163170A1 (en) * 2012-04-26 2013-10-31 The Procter & Gamble Company Composting appliance with malodor control and method of eliminating odor in composting
WO2013163361A1 (en) * 2012-04-26 2013-10-31 The Procter & Gamble Company Articles for in-home composting and method of composting

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