DE19600482A1 - Recycling process for mixed plastics including other materials - Google Patents

Abstract

In a process for recycling products made from different plastics and including other materials such as metals, glass, rubber, wood or fibres, the products are loaded into an agglomerator, reduced to particle size by impacting and the different materials are then separated from each other or the plastics are converted into granulate or a plastic melt. Also claimed is the apparatus used which comprises an agglomerator with a feeding part (23) and a cylindrical drum (9, 10) in which a rotor knife (17) with impacting elements rotates inside a stator knife (16) and is driven by a motor (2) through a gearbox (4).

Description

The invention relates to a method for processing Components made of mixed plastics and mixed with them their building materials, such as metal parts, glass, rubber, wood, Fa substances and the like.

There are various processes for processing and recycling and machines known, the respective mixtures gradually separated in different stages or separately be cured. These known methods are extremely based on agile, and the resulting mixes, such as mixed plastics or shredder light fractions from scrapped motor vehicles, electronics scrap and / or plastic windows with rubber seals and do not process with metal fittings.

The invention has for its object a method or to propose a device with which the individual Components separated from each other in one operation and Cut to dust size up to granule size of about 10 mm be noted. In one operation, crushing means Mixing, homogenizing, plasticizing or granulating and adding additives if necessary.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the components in an agglomerator by a impact bean crushed and the plastic, metal, Glass and rubber parts are separated from each other, or the Plastics to granulate or as a mass in plastic stand to be processed.

An advantageous process step is that the Agglomerator is controlled via a PC program, whereby the parameters such as motor current, drum temperature in height  of the rotor, steam moisture, energy supplied, total run time and plasticizing area are reproducibly recorded.

It is also advantageous that the batch ready is carried out by means of weighing.

It is also proposed that different materia lien together on the weighing device before agglomeration and mixed in the agglomerator.

It is advantageous that the agglomeration batch just before or other substances during plastication, e.g. B. Coal dust can be added.

It is also advantageous that the plasticized mate rial through a screw or piston transport in molds is introduced or pressed or via a calender Is processed.

It is also advantageous that the plasticized Ma material shock water and the solidified mass in Agglomerator is crushed into granules.

It is also suggested that the shock water on the center of the rotor of the agglomerator is fed.

An advantageous process step provides that the Granules sieved and the fine fraction with a strong Magnet is separated.

It is also advantageous that the zer in the agglomerator smaller components into the individual components due to wind sighting, plan view, eddy current separator and the like be separated.  

An advantageous device for performing the procedure rens stipulates that a cylindrical jacket with open set feed part is provided in which a rotor knife with impact elements with the peripheral edge of a sta Goal knife is arranged opposite that of a Drive motor is driven with gear.

It is also advantageous that the drive motor weighs is arranged quite well and a high tipping moment, for example 2.8 to 3 times, has that the gear as an angular gear is formed with a vertical drive shaft on which the The rotor knife is secured against rotation on a rotor holder is.

It is advantageous that the rotor knife between selectable spacer rings arranged on the rotor holder is.

It is further proposed that the distance from the rotor knife further rotor knives arranged on the rotor holder are.

It is advantageous for the rotor knife to be in rotor outer meters water, rotor inner knife and rotor wear protection parts un is divided.

It is advantageous that the rotor on both sides with Knives is provided and can be rotated to both sides.

It is advantageous to proceed in such a way that the rotor knife is one has blunt impact surface.

It is also advantageous that the baffle is a Has angle of attack to the direction of rotation.  

It is also proposed that the interior with Wear plates are provided, which can be used twice are by a 180 ° rotation of the installation position.

It is also advantageous that in the interior of the Interior jacket opens a shock water supply pipe that is directed towards the center of the rotor knife.

Such a method and one such is advantageous device for recycling shredder light fractions on, consisting of scrapped motor vehicles with Plastic, metal, textile and rubber components ver turns.

Furthermore, such a method and such Device for recycling electronic waste, consisting of made of thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics, as well as tin, copper and other components.

Such a method and a pre is advantageous direction for processing mixed plastics or foils used.

The method and such a device are advantageous for recycling window profiles made of PVC or wood used with rubber seals and metal fittings.

Finally, the procedure and such a device device for recycling wood composites, e.g. B. Span plates with plastic coating used.

The invention is set forth in the description below hand of an execution shown in the drawings example explained in more detail.

Show it

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention in elevation, partially geschnit th,

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the rotor holder with a fixed rotor,

Fig. 3 is a plan view of one half of the rotor blade,

Fig. 4 shows a section along the line AB in Fig. 3,

Fig. 5 is a graphic representation of the various parameters essential for PC program control for a material with higher total moisture and Ge

Fig. 6 shows a corresponding representation for a material with a lower total moisture.

The device shown in Fig. 1 shows an Anord voltage of the drive motor 2 horizontally on the machine bed with the base plate 1st The advantage is that the motor bearings work in their most favorable installation position. The drive motor 2 has a special winding, which causes a 2.8 to 3 times overturning moment is generated. This is a prerequisite that sufficient torque is available at the time of plastication. This effect is also very advantageous at the time of the filling phase. The engine is thermally monitored and its output is saved in a batch in the PC program, so that the degree of utilization can be displayed in percent at any time. You can now operate the engine at its maximum power due to the weighted batch formation by changing the batch weights. Since the current engine temperature is also displayed, a load of more than 100% can also be achieved with an appropriate cooling situation of engine 2 without endangering the engine. The angular gear 4 driven by the motor via a clutch 3 reduces the speed and thus the torque in the same proportion upwards. At the drive shaft 21 of the transmission 4 has a large Lagerab stood, so that transverse forces can be very well intercepted. The gear 4 is coupled to an oil cooler change self-filter unit through which the gear oil is pumped. It is filtered there and the heat loss is dissipated via a heat exchanger.

The drive shaft 21 of the transmission 4 is provided with a much wedge profile, which carries the rotor receptacle 19 . The rotor receptacle 19 is detachably fixedly connected to the gear shaft 21 and has on its underside star-shaped elevations or ribs 33 which keep any materials away from the gear shaft 21 and their sealing by the rotation. The rotor seat 19 is formed so that by shifting of spacer rings 30 (Fig. 2) the rotor height for Agglomeratorboden or the base plate 6 in z. B. can change 5 mm increments. The spacer rings 30 and the rotor are pressed onto the rotor holder 19 by means of screws. The attachment can also be done by a clamping ring 32 ( Fig. 2). If there is a load-side blockage of the rotor 17 , a slight twisting of the rotor relative to the rotor mounting is possible. Together with the clutch 3, this device forms a load-side overload protection between the motor 2 and the transmission 4 .

The rotor 17 is made of wear-resistant steel, and has at its ends two rotor outer blades 24 and inner rotor blades 25 ( FIG. 3), to which the rotor receptacle 19 still includes a rotor wear protection part 26 . The attachment is carried out using countersunk mounting screws 27 . The front, blunt surface of the knives 24 , 25 is the baffle 29 , with a direction of rotation 36 is given. The knives 24 , 25 and the part 26 have a projection 28 relative to the rotor 17 , so that the rotor is protected accordingly. The Rotoraußenmes water 24 can be ausgebil det either in two parts or in one piece. The knives 24 and 25 consist of a special steel, whereby a punching time of an average of 400 tons of soiled DSD mixed fraction is achieved. The inner rotor blades 25 are made with different angles of attack towards the direction of rotation, the angles of attack causing either an underflow or overflow of the rotor 17 through the material.

The rotor 17 can also be equipped on both sides with knives 24 , 25 and the part 26 , wherein after wear of the parts 24 to 26 on one side, the other knives are stressed by changing the direction of rotation, so that the change cycle is doubled in time.

By adjusting the rotor height 34 , ie the distance of the rotor 17 from the base plate 6 , there is a great influence on the method of the agglomerator. It is therefore possible to adjust to the material to be processed and a material-specific optimum can be achieved. The rotor 17 is fastened here using the spacer rings 34 with the countersunk screws 35 . Further, a slinger 32 can be attached below the base plate 6 to the Antriebswel le 21 , which has the task of possibly hurling downward penetrating moisture or dust to the outside in order to protect the transmission seal underneath.

If the agglomerator is loaded with materials whose Bulk weight is relatively high and / or their plastics tion properties are low, so there is the possibility ability to incorporate a second or additional rotors that or a higher material impact and friction process bring into the batch filling. The need for Impact and friction surface increase can be seen from the fact that the Drive power utilization of the machine is low. One can this measure optimizes the machine and best possible results for the material brought in aim.

The knives located on the rotor 17 are divided into two or more sections per rotor half, as shown in FIG. 3. The main wear occurs on the outer knives, whereby the worn outer knives 24 can be converted into a further inner position and can be used further there.

The device according to the invention also has a lower cylindrical inner jacket 9 built on the base plate 6 and also a cylindrical inner jacket 10 on which an inner ring 11 is arranged. This ring 11 reduces the cross section and a loading part 23 is arranged thereon. The base plate 7 is covered with a interior wear plate 7 as well as the lower cylindrical interior mantle 9 with Ver wear plates 18, which are interchangeable by loosening screw connections. These wear plates 18 are divided into individual sections, which are designed so that they can be rotated so that a z. B. rotated bottom worn plate is rotated 180 °, and the not worn part is available for further wear. The lower inner jacket 9 is built on a lower housing ring 5 , into which the drive 2 , 3 , 4 protrudes. Furthermore, there is an ejection flap 8 on the interior jacket 9 .

If the ejection flap 8 is located at the level of the interior casing 9 , this can be designed as a sieve, so that when the agglomerator is used to shred the building material, namely light shredder fraction, electronic scrap, mixed plastics, foils, window profiles made of PVC or wood and wood composites, the corresponding grain size leaves the process immediately. The remaining material can then be ejected separately later by opening the ejection flap 8 .

Furthermore, the interior jacket 9 can be designed sectionally or as a whole and then the remaining material can be ejected on the discharge flap 8 .

The stator 16 are inside the circumference of the lower cylindrical inner jacket 9 , the outer circumference of the rotor knife 17 opposite, arranged and distributed over the entire circumference.

By reducing the diameter between the man tel 10 and the loading part 23 , it is achieved that the circulating material flow must remain in the lower region of the device. In the loading part 23 there is a fill opening 12 since, through which material can be fed via a feed screw, slide or conveyor belt. The filling direction with respect to the machine axis specified by the drive 2 , 3 , 4 can be selected from 0 to 360 ° in increments of the fastening screw division of the rings 9 , 10 , 11 . The ejection direction can also be varied accordingly. The opening can optionally be provided with a closure cap. In the upper roof area of the charging part 23 there is an exhaust air opening 14 and an entry hatch 15 .

The batch provision is made by means of weighing preferably weighing belt or weighing container. The Batch weighing has the following advantages:

• a) You can use the load on the device Control batch weight;
• b) the material-specific operating optimum for identify the device;
• c) one has different bulk densities nevertheless the same input weight;
• d) you can different materials before Assemble agglomerate on the weighing device len and then mix together in the agglomerator and from it a correspondingly assembled fraction produce, e.g. B. Shredder light fraction with foils or carpet waste with other less plasti viable substances.

One can go at some point during the agglo generation batch z. B. just before or during the plastifi ornament other fabrics, such as B. Coal dust in the agglo Introduce merator to this desired component in the Fer tig product, e.g. B. agglomerate, plasticized, pasty Obtain cakes or crushed bulk mix.  

To introduce coal dust, parallel to the material stream outside the impact reactor, it is mixed with water. For this purpose, a container with an agitator can be provided to prevent the coal dust from settling in the water. For this purpose, the container is hermetically sealed during the injection process so that the quantity injected remains constant in a certain time interval. Another possibility could be to use a positive-displacement pump that delivers the amount used in a certain time. No pressure container is needed for this, and when the minimum value in the storage container is reached, the container is refilled in the appropriate proportions after the subsequent injection process. For this purpose, water is added to a certain height level and then carbon coal in a certain weight is added and stirred. In the event of a practicable coal dust shock, a grounded metal grille 13 can be provided inside the loading part 23 to avoid deflagrations.

Via the exhaust air opening 14 arranged in the cover of the charging part 23 , the steam and, if applicable, dust that accumulates during the process can be extracted. It may be advantageous to provide a further opening, possibly a flap, in a somewhat lower-lying area, so that if necessary, a large air flow can be passed through the device, which quickly accumulates the steam or dust from the interior of the agglomerator can bring. The overall construction of the agglomerator results in a high degree of operational safety, since no materials can escape from the inside of the device and so neither personnel nor system parts are endangered.

The agglomerator is displayed on a screen using a PC program controlled. Follow for process control de Input parameters:

• 1) One or more temperature sensors on the machine body by,
• 2) one or more moisture sensors inside the machine, such a moisture sensor 20 being shown in FIG. 1,
• 3) one or more vibrators on the machine exterior ren,
• 4) the motor current and
• 5) determined by the motor current during the batch te energy in kWh, which is consumed during the batch was applied.

During the batch, these values are continuously displayed on the screen by a graphic in the form of curves and are displayed in numbers. Such diagrams are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, FIG. 5 illustrating a material with a higher vapor moisture, while the representation in FIG. 6 is a material with a lower total moisture. The diagrams also show the area where the material can be ejected in a plastic state and the area where ejection takes place in the granulated state. All these values and curves are saved and can be printed out batch by batch on paper. This gives you the opportunity to document material, weight and moisture-specific dividing lines and data and to draw traceable, procedural and automation technical conclusions. The automation program is divided into steps. Certain prerequisites must be met at every step so that the next one can be initiated. If you have parameterized all steps based on the knowledge gained from the curve display, you give this automatic step program a number. The machine then works automatically. Appropriate programs can now be created for a wide variety of materials and the material-specific automatic system can then be activated by assigning numbers.

Since the function of the machine is not cutting, but rather acts as an impact reactor and thus the materials are heated up by the work done, who plasticizes the plastics. It forms in the edge area of the rotary knife 17, a cake 40 , which can be solidified by using shock water and then the granules are formed. The shock water supply pipe 22 is supplied in the upper region of the cylindrical Innenman means 10 and directed against the center of the rotor knife 17 . As a result, the shock agent is most effectively and quickly brought to its reaction location (plastic mass) by the centrifugal force, which means that less water is used and less evaporation energy is required.

The automation program makes it possible to beginning plasticization stage the material targeted eject from the agglomerator. This gives you the advantage partly that no shock water has to be used and itself thus the energy expenditure and the time expenditure reduced graces. This increases the machine throughput and the Service life of wear parts. The material is suitable  immediately for further processing, d. H. no he new melting by z. B. extruder.

After going inside the plastification at the time can eject in a targeted and reproducible manner Material that is classic and dough-like consistency with extruder batches is comparable. The following process steps are possible.

• 1) A subsequent screw or piston transport and Pressure build-up for melt filtration,
• 2) The mass can be fed in by screw or piston Molds for molding production are introduced,
• 3) The mass can be portioned into molds be introduced for the production of pressed parts;
• 4) The mass is too thick-walled on a calender Processed foils. So you can get another one Melting by e.g. B. spare an extruder, taking significant savings on operating costs, such as Personnel, energy, investments and wear and tear ben are.

When processing shredder light fractions, i. H. To compositions of the material as used in processing vehicle scrap can occur without pretreatment tion. The agglomerator homogenizes the whole charge and separate metal parts from the rest of Ge mix so that you can process them in another African step through z. B. magnets, eddy current separators, various wind sifting procedures as well as screening as well other methods suitable for separation from the total  fraction can separate. This gives you metal inventory divide back as raw material and has the rest of the fraction for further processing e.g. B. as an energy source in Zem develop or power plants and as a reducing agent available in steel making. The process is in Agglomerator shortened by the process step Plasticizing, shocking and shredding again leaves and ejects the batch, or the process step "Plasticizing" initiates and the plastic mass from throws so that the mass re volume inexpensively is induced. This mass can then be deposited, thermally recycled, processed into molded parts or to others Economic goods are further processed. The other a possible procedural step is to block, then eats evaporating and then the granules or agglomerate eject.

After the agglomeration or homogenization process of Automobile shredder light fraction there is the possibility sieve this material and the fine fraction with a separate strong magnets. It should be noted that magnetize the fine fraction from a very high proportion material. It can be assumed that at the material so separated except plastics and ferro magnetic components largely no further mate rialien are included so that this fraction obtained with the purity mentioned, problem-free recycling has properties, e.g. B. in steelmaking.

When processing such shredder light fractions the material can be supplied with plastics on weighing tape other parts by weight and put together in the previous direction are retracted. When using shock water then granulate is formed and when ejected in the plasticized  An ejection according to the specified curve shape can occur or temperature and pressing into molded parts. The material can also after the agglomeration or homo Geneticization process in a tar mixture for soil or Road surface can be introduced. This variant is it may not be necessary that from the metal fraction or separate any components.

The device can also be used for electronic waste machining and processing. The individual components can be found here when separating from the composite and thus in one Bulk material from the individual components, such as. B. GRP, Tin, copper and other components by wind sifting, Plviewing, separate eddy current separator. This one Individual components can then be used for other purposes be fed. If necessary, one can Mixture also in a tar mixture for use in stra Bring in civil works.

Due to the control of the machine, this can be done also for crushing and predrying by evaporation for different materials, e.g. B. mixed plastics or fo lien use. However, the batches do not become Brought plasticization, but at a certain understandable and repeatable point in time fen and then z. B. fed to a pelletizing machine. This can then work much more effectively and a pellet produce with constant, very low residual moisture ten.

Another application is the recycling of windows profiles made of PVG with rubber seals or wooden windows Rubber profiles conceivable. Metal components can also be used le be present with the rubber seal components  as well as the metal parts separated from the rest of the material in the bed is present.

Another application is machining and processing of wood composite materials, e.g. B. chipboard with art fabric coating, which separates the wood from the plastic is separated.

Claims (25)

1. A process plastics for processing components of mixed and blended therewith other Baustof fen such as metal parts, glass, rubber, wood, Faserstof fen and the like., Characterized in that the Bautei le in an agglomerator by a Prallbeanspru chung crushed and the plastic -, metal, glass and rubber parts are separated from each other, or the plastics are processed into granules or as a mass in the plastic state. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the agglomerator is controlled by a PC program being, with parameters such as motor current, drum temperature at the level of the rotor, steam moisture, added led energy, total term and plasticizing can be recorded in a reproducible manner. 3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in net that the batch provision by means of weighing is performed. 4. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in net that different materials before the agglomeration on the weighing device and in the Agglomerator can be mixed. 5. The method according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in net that the agglomeration batch shortly before or during rend plasticizing other substances such. B. coal dust to be added.   6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized in that the plasticized material by a screw or piston transport in molds brought or pressed or via a calender is processed into foils. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized characterized that the plasticized material Shock water supplied and the solidified mass in Agglomerator is crushed into granules. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that that the shock water on the center of the rotor of the Agglomerators is supplied. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized characterized in that the granules are sieved and the Fine fraction separated with a strong magnet becomes. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized characterized in that the crushed in the agglomerator Components in the individual components by wind sifting, Plviewung, eddy current separator and the like. Sepa be cured. 11. A device for performing the method according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a cylindrical jacket ( 9 , 10 ) with attached loading part ( 23 ) is provided, in which a rotor knife ( 17 ) with baffle elements ( 24 , 25th , 26 ) with the peripheral edge of a stator knife ( 16 ) is arranged opposite, which is driven by a drive motor with Ge gear. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the drive motor ( 2 ) is arranged horizontally and a high tilting moment, about 2.8 to 3 times, has that the gear ( 4 ) is designed as an angular gear with a vertical drive shaft ( 21 ) on which the rotor knife ( 17 ) is secured against rotation on a rotor receptacle ( 19 ). 13. The apparatus of claim 11 and 12, characterized in that the rotor knife ( 17 ) between replaceable spacer rings ( 30 ) is arranged on the rotor receptacle ( 19 ). 14. The apparatus of claim 11 to 13, characterized in that further rotor knives are arranged on the rotor holder ( 19 ) at a distance from the rotor knife ( 17 ). 15. The apparatus according to claim 11 to 14, characterized in that the rotor knife ( 17 ) in Rotoraußenmes water ( 24 ), rotor inner knife ( 25 ) and rotor wear protection parts ( 26 ) is divided. 16. Device according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the rotor ( 17 ) is provided on both sides with knives ( 24 , 25 , 26 ) and is rotatable on both sides. 17. The apparatus of claim 11 to 16, characterized in that the rotor knife ( 17 ) has a blunt baffle ( 29 ). 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the baffle ( 29 ) has an angle of attack to the direction of rotation ( 36 ). 19. The apparatus according to claim 11 to 18, characterized in that the interior ( 31 ) with Wear plates Chen ( 18 , 7 ) is provided, which can be used twice by a 180 ° rotation of the installation position. 20. The apparatus of claim 11 to 19, characterized in that in the interior ( 31 ) of the interior man means ( 9 , 10 ) opens a shock water supply pipe ( 22 ) which is directed towards the center of the rotor knife ( 17 ). 21. Use of a method and an apparatus according to claims 1 to 20 for recycling Shredder light fraction, consisting of scrapped Motor vehicles with plastic, metal, textile and Rubber components. 22. Use of a method and an apparatus according to claims 1 to 20 for recycling Elek electronic waste consisting of thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics, as well as tin, copper and other ingredients. 23. Use of a method and an apparatus according to claims 1 to 20 for processing Mixed plastics or foils. 24. Use of a method and an apparatus according to claims 1 to 20 for recycling Fen  PVC or wood profiles with rubber seals and metal fittings. 25. Use of a method and an apparatus according to claims 1 to 20, for recycling wood composites, e.g. B. chipboard with plastic layering.