DE1954777A1 - Element for forming at least part of a furnace wall - Google Patents

Description

DR. MDLLER-SORi DIPL.-ING. GRALFS DIPL-PHYS. DR. MANITZ DIPL-CHEM. DR. DEUfEL 1954777

PATENT LAWYERS Munich, October 3, Bö

Lo / th - G 2026

GLAVERBLE

166, Chaueee de la Hulpe Watermael-Boitßfort
Belgium

An element of formation was not part of a furnace wall

Priority: Luxembourg from October 30, 1968 Kr. 57 195

You invention relates to an element which at least one Can form part of a furnace wall eu. Furthermore, the Invention, the use of such a structure in a furnace and also its use in the manufacture from flat glass according to the Schwisnglasverfehren into such a Tub furnace

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Un at industrial oi'tn a «. · T ^ nsti & r Uitzebilaiiz to achieve os is of the utmost importance, loss of power to dom to reduce the enclosed part of the furnace to the outside maximum. The use of normal blocks of heat-proof ceramic material for the furnace walls is quite sufficient for this purpose, since this type of material denies Advantage of good mechanical behavior at high temperatures and good thermal insulation as a result of aoines low Has thermal conductivity coefficients, heat losses to the outside as a result of heat conduction are therefore quite) low.

However, such a lining has a number of shortcomings on.

The first disadvantage is due to the non-uniformity of the Convection currents outside the enclosed area of the

, Oven. Although the convection currents. Which run along the outer

If surfaces along the furnace floor are relatively insignificant, since their upward movement is inhibited by the furnace floor, the convection currents flowing along the outer surfaces of the side walls can have relatively high velocities. The atmosphere in "contact" with the sidewalls is reheated and moves up along the walls, thus attracting colder atmosphere which cools the sidewalls. Essentially the same thing occurs on the vaults, the curvatures of which are rather sensitive to eating. the outer temperature gradient so generated along the outer surfaces of the walls are unveriaeidlicherweiBe äufi ^K ^ transferred the interior of the enclosed furnace chamber and resulting internal gradient, which reduce the temperature of the contents contained herein locally and thus sometimes exert a very harmful effect on the correct operation of the furnace .

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Internal temperature gradients can also result from the specific thermal conditions established within the furnace. For example, the burners produce hotter places in the places where they produce the flames. The temperature gradients obtained are on transfer the contents of the furnace interior and generate internal Convection currents which have a detrimental effect on the Have homogeneity of the furnace content. As a result of their low Thermal conductivity coefficient, which for good Insulation of the inside of the furnace from the outside is required, the refractory blocks cannot compensate for any dor gradients contribute. As a result, it is often necessary to keep a plumbing and exhausting device inside the oven introduce complex means of thematic balancing, which sometimes is not always successful effectively counteracting the temperature gradient

This Hansel is very serious about furnace, which for the production of swimming glass in swimming pools are used, in which the temperature gradients and temperature differences result in the width of the bath and deait across do the ribbon of glass floating on the bath. These temperature differences along the width of the belt result in differences in the thickness of the tape, which obviously the quality subsequently influence the finished product.

Another latent shortcoming of conventional designs occurs when the refractory blocks are corrosive nuts are set out. In fact, blocks own with highest resistance to corrosion does not necessarily have the required thermal properties.

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Another danger is inherent in the refractory blocks which carry a bath made of a material which is denser than that refractory material. In some cases, the bathroom can step between the joints separating the refractory blocks and lift the latter. The blocks can be detached in this way and float on the surface of the bath, this has a very harmful effect Effect on the behavior of the furnace and the quality of its production. This danger is very serious in the case of swimming pools which consist of tin or salts Bad can lift the refractory blocks arranged on the metal base. This metallic floor will then attacked by the bath, and the ribbon of glass floating on the bath is through that on the surface of the bath Floating refractory blocks badly damaged.

The invention makes it possible that these Hachteile at least can be partially avoided and provides other advantages which are described below. According to the invention If the element includes at least one partition, at least a refractory part separated from the partition by at least one space, which is intended to to be arranged towards the interior of the furnace, the refractory part being separated from the partition wall by at least one Fixed connection part is kept spatially separated.

The advantage of this structure for a furnace wall element of this Kind is that that the word of the coefficient of thermal conductivity is very simple and very flexible in different directions can be customized. For example, the space and the nature of the partition allow the conduit to the outside

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control of the furnace and therefore control of heat losses, while the same gap and type of refractory Parts make it possible to master and control the conduction of heat in a direction parallel to the furnace wall »This means not that the invention is limited to elements which have one or more differences in heat conduction in different directions, as this property can only be secondary in certain applications. The general advantage of the invention is that the structure according to the invention offers greater flexibility of construction, whereby it is possible to better satisfy different and generally contradicting conditions at the same time. This advantage is compounded by the fact that the refractory part is held at a distance from the partition wall by means of fixed connecting parts. In addition, the element is designed in such a way that the part in contact with the contents of the furnace is anchored directly to the outer partition of the furnace, it being possible to use layers ■ of different materials between the partition and the to build up the refractory wall without any need for the internal refractory element, Bit of the outer wall connected by means of intermediate layers feet * Be BU. This advantage is achieved by means of a connecting part which is provided between the partition and the refractory part. The connecting part connects 4 * 8 fireproof element with the partition wall and represents one There was little between them, as its size was very small can be.

Oeβ anchoring the refractory part to the partition wall avoids any lowering or lifting of the refractory element. This is an important benefit when having a bath depleted

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Material exerts a buoyancy on the refractory element, as it can occur especially in a Schwismwanne.

Bas anchoring the refractory element to the partition highlights the need for anchoring the intermediate parts or materials, which are arranged in the space. These parts can be made of metal or of refractory material.

The partition wall generally consists of a sheet of metal, in order to ensure the tightness and stability of the furnace structure. It can also be made of any other material has a certain strength, are formed, a. B. a substructure made of one or more refractory blocks or the like. The refractory part or parts eats / are practically parallel on the partition and in an ice cream They are arranged at a distance above this «They are arranged towards the inside of the oven · They can be in the form of There are flies or plates. You can use a polygonal ? ors, e.g. B. rectangular or hexagonal have. Even though a regular polygonal shape or a rectangle is most often used for better juxtaposition . These refractory parts allow you to use a "Set aside more complex fora,». B. so that they fit into a given space.

In general, the thickness of the refractory parts is less

others *

than the two measurements, however, they can be equal to or

be larger than these two / dimensions. The gap, which separates the partition from the refractory part is st and ce from the released volume as a result of the distance formed between the partition and the refractory element.

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It has the advantageous feature that the intervening Parts or materials which are used to improve oferi bee and the quality of the product obtained can be arranged therein with a high degree of flexibility.

You simply combine the parts that make up the furnace wall according to make up the invention, allows easy and rapid adaptation to the required conditions for a particular

.are · treatment, such conditions being for example the Use of insulating materials to avoid losses, of conductive materials to increase Losses at some points or to compensate for the temperature gradients, materials adapted to the furnace content to prevent corrosion or sticking or to prevent a To ensure reaction with the contents and of materials that withstand different temperatures «

This list of conditions is not intended to be exhaustive or to be considered restrictive, since it would also be possible to use abrasion-resistant layers or layers which provide a seal with respect to an Oaβ or a Give liquid

You can use either of the different conditions just mentioned separated from each other or in combination just as well by means of the partition wall, the intermediate space as well as the refractory Element can be realized according to the invention.

Yortellhaftweise at least one of the connecting parts has devices with division of the distances © between the partition and the refractory hedge. So becomes a

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Accuracy of the construction ^{reached standard elements} , which were not finally adjusted. The distance between the partition and the refractory part can be adjusted differently in different parts of the furnace.

These devices can preferably be readjusted after the wall part has been built up in order to correct the spacing ! wipe the partition and the fireproof part after the To enable the construction of the furnace, the corrections being made to the Eliminate deviations in the element as a result of thermal or other stresses.

These facilities can be adjusted by the. The space between the partition and the refractory part must be accessible if the space is high enough to eat.

This facility can sum from the outside of the oven Be accessible for the purpose of dividing the heights. In this way, the distance between the partition and the refractory Part can be readjusted while the furnace is in operation. In addition, the specialized institutions are of the high level Temperatures as they are shielded from the inner surface are removed from the oven.

These facilities can also be accessed from the inside of the furnace be accessible. Bach building the furnace wall will be the The last corrections to this were easily carried out, since that Operators can see exactly what they are doing.

Advantageously, the connecting part comprises at least two parts, which are longitudinally aligned with one another

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are connected. The different parts of the connecting part can be made from different materials according to the in the wall thickness required, different conditions exist.

The connecting part can be between two of its parts Have an arrangement whereby a part is relative about its axis to dom other part can be rotated to adjust the setting the distance between the partition and the refractory Enable part. An arrangement of this type can for example consist of an ordinary screw thread.

The connecting part can also have an arrangement between two of its parts, which an angular movement of one part relative to the extension of the axis of the other part. An arrangement of this type includes, for example a pivot bearing or a bolt or nut whose main surface is rounded »or any other suitable device «which every inaccuracy of the structure as well as extensions / one or more directions compensate allowed.

Advantageously, the connection between at least a connecting part and dom refractory element completely placed on the same side as the refractory element relative to its surface facing the interior of the furnace. The inner surface of the wall is free of any projections or cams that could be an obstacle for the materials contained in the furnace.

The space between this connection and this surface can contain a filling compound. You can come from any

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suitable cement. The inner surface of the wall then has no cavities and is therefore smooth.

Preferably at least a part of at least one connecting part a base which forms part of this refractory element. This arrangement is advantageous when dae Element includes thin refractory parts. Without this arrangement, such parts would not be of sufficient thickness for "anchoring" of the connector herein and they would pose a risk of breakage. With such a point of support the critical point of the element is reinforced and the stresses therein become largely reduced. This arrangement is highly resistant to eating when the stresses resulting from severe temperature conditions are considerable. He also improves that Tightness of the refractory part, since the latter does not have any openings that extend through it, owns. The one rigidly connected to the refractory element Support point can be made of the same material as that the latter or consist of a different material, which z. B. offers greater strength. The support For example, the point can be deformed integrally with the refractory part, or it can be welded on be.

According to one embodiment of the invention, at least a connector connected to a single refractory part. A single connecting part can be connected to the fire-proof part, so that the distance between this and the partition can be adjusted individually. The same setting is possible if a number of Connection parts connected to the same refractory part

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are, and this also allows the refractory Take a dip to a reasonable extent. These adjustments of the refractory parts are even possible, if the latter have different thicknesses from one another.

Advantageously, there is no connecting part with a variety of refractory parts in one area connected, which comprises at least one connection between these parts. The number of connecting parts can be reduced in this way.

According to one embodiment of the invention contains at least a gap of at least one layer of insulating material. Such layers can be partial or complete fill in the space · So a multitude of layers of different kinds can be arranged one on top of the other · The insulating intermediate layer allows Hitteverluate * u to redusieren. It provides greater flexibility in ensuring isolation. It also allows at least in part from iii ent related materials EU exist, which have a greater insulating effect, as mentioned above.

The insulating material can be a powder. This provides good insulation and allows easy filling of spaces of complex shapes.

The insulation material can be in the form of coarse gravel. The space filled with this coarse gravel contains a great deal of air, and the coarse pieces can also be porous be. This improves the isolation.

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The insulation material can be in façade form. Additionally in addition to the fact that fibers entrain a considerable amount of air, they allow much greater conduction in dependence of their orientation, especially if they are made of carbon.

The isolation material can be a disjoint material to which a small amount of a binder has been added. It can only harden after it is put in place was either cold or hot. Eb improves the cohesion of the incoherent material.

The insulation material can alternatively be made of refractory, keranized bricks, if the working conditions require it, e.g. as a result of the existence of something more difficult Charges.

According to one embodiment of the invention contains at least a space between facilities for thermal compensation, which are easily accommodated in the space, and advantageously at least some of the conventional alignment devices cn which are arranged in the furnace chamber and the problems associated with the * Raise the murmur and the good operation of the stove, replace. These devices can be lines for a fluid flow or for electrical resistances or anything else include other suitable facilities.

Advantageously, the devices for thermal compensation are embedded in a material which has a high thermal conductivity and they are from the furnace content in the essentially separated only by layers, which have a high

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Have thermal conductivity. The effect of the thermal Compensation is thereby greatly strengthened. The reason for this is that this material, with its high conductivity, has the effect of that the heat is quickly and intensively distributed from the area of the furnace which is to be compensated to the compensating devices or in the opposite direction, depending depending on whether the outside has a cooling or heating effect.

This material can be a liquid metal. It offers

the possibility of a perfect padding and one special good management.

Advantageously, at least one intermediate space contains one Amount of solid materials so that there is a relative abutment between the partition and at least one refractory Part is given with the help of these materials. The filling of the intermediate space carries the fire-proof elements and thus the size of the fasteners can be reduced. In addition, a system of this type reduces the risk that Liquid that may be contained in the furnace space in the space escapes.

According to one embodiment of the invention, at least a part of the materials in the space opposite a fluid which is to come into contact with the furnace wall, be impermeable. The filling of the connections between the refractory elements is then no longer necessary, nor is there any risk of loss of leolation as a result of this, nor the loss of fluid, which becomes immobile in the interspace, or which becomes outward escapes.

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Preferably at least a portion of these materials have such a wetting angle relative to. the fluid that the the latter cannot enter the connections / between these materials. This avoids the difficulty of getting one completely to form a dense layer.

Advantageously, the element according to the invention comprises a layer which mainly contains carbon. The good thermal conductivity of this material allows the layer to equalize the temperature in a desired direction. It is advantageous to maintain a uniform temperature, particularly in the transverse direction relative to the furnace, so that the bath of molten material is homogeneous over its entire width. This let, in particular in the case of a bath in a Schwimawanne in which a thermal gradient, "length in a transverse direction relative sur movement of the tape ore adverse changes in the thickness of the width of the tape results ·

Pie carbon film also provides good heat transfer for the thermal compensation device · Sole material is also a good refractory material, it withstands the effects of temperature; he doesn't blow bubbles; he does not place any free gaseous or glassy phases and there is no risk of the environment being contaminated.

Preferably, the refractory element is at least partially formed from panels, which mainly consist of soles exist. In addition to the advantages mentioned above, the glass does not adhere to the furnace. This effect can occur in some Furnace can be very harmful. For example, it must be avoided in a Bchwiamwanne that the glass ribbon on the walls sticks after any industrial accident.

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Another essential part of a surface layer is carbon because it is the result of its reducing property, carbon easily absorbs oxygen and then releases it mainly in the form of CO. The effect of carbon is therefore favorable, as a reducing atmosphere generally required in oven _t is thus oxidation thereof of parts or elements, for example, · lines or support structures as much as possible can be avoided. Oxidation of the bath of molten material must also often be avoided, particularly in swimming pools. The high carbon refractory element in contact with the bath considerably protects it from oxidation and therefore improves both its purity and its life.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the furnace element comprises means through which powder in at least one The elements according to the invention are normally closed by stoppers Have holes so that the powder can be introduced under the refractory elements · This introduction of Powder makes it possible to adjust the insulation properties of the space and also any reduction in volume of the powder during operation of the furnace.

The furnace element according to the invention can - at least A selected tunnel where local cooling is required - they have less insulating filling for at least one gap. That way it is possible to favor the heat transfer from a place that is to be cooled «su ·

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The furnace element according to the invention can, if necessary, also facilities for the discharge of at least one fluid own in at least one space. Such a device can be a simple gas discharge pipe, which placed in the space to avoid any gases evolving in this space or in the vicinity of this tree could lead out to avoid this in the Material contained in the furnace.

The invention also relates to any furnace which is constructed with at least one element according to the invention, or of which at least a part of the wall is constructed like this element «In the description is as element which for Formation of at least one furnace wall is able to also consider an element which is arranged in the furnace wall in such a way that after the furnace has been erected this either can still be distinguished as a separate element or that the various elements that are separated from one another cannot linger are distinguishable. Eg let et er en Pail is the saute © Consider vand or part of the wall as an element in the description below. The invention also relates to, among others Each vat adapted to be a molten metal See below · The advantages of the invention as described above are of particular interest in such cases.

The invention also relates to the use of such elements in the production of glass panes, which are made of molten material by floating on a bath or treated in one of elements according to the invention built-in furnace is included.

The invention also relates to a method of manufacture from pane glass by swimming on a bath of molten "

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Material in an oven, which is renewed with change according to the Invention is provided. In such cases it is advantageous to produce at least one heat transfer in at least one space. This transition can be as a result of the good Thermal conductivity of the material are effected, which is optionally arranged in the part of the intermediate space. In this way it is possible to dissipate heat to a cold source or, alternatively, to introduce heat.

The invention is exemplified below by way of a number of Embodiments described with reference to the drawing, in the drawing are:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a Schwiima tub on which the

Invention is particularly applicable; Fig. 2 is a partial, transverse vertical section in enlarged scale of the bottom wall along the line

II-II in Fig. 3}
Fig. 3 is a partial plan view, on a different scale, the bottom wall length of the line III-III in

Fig. 2j
Figure 4 is a vertical section of the element along the line

IV-IV in Figure 5i
flg. 5 is a plan view of a furnace wall on a different scale

6 shows a section and a plan view similar to that in FIGS. "** '4 and 5 of another embodiment according to the invention"
8 shows another section according to a further element

'of the invention
Fig. 9 is a section along the line IX-IX in Fig. 8 | Fig. 10 sections through further Ausfuhrungeformen the invention \ and 11

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FIG. 12 is a vertical section along the line XII-ZII in FIG

Fig. 131

Fig. 13 is a plan view on a different scale, which Figure 3 shows a specific operation for mooring according to the invention;

Fig. 14 is a vertical section along the line XIV-XIT of the Fig. 15;

Figure 13 is a top plan view of another embodiment of the invention.

W Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section showing a simplified scheme

a floating glass syst eras reproduces, which has a furnace 1, a ßwimmwanne 2 and a cooling device 3 includes *

The swimming pool is formed by a floor 4, a vault 5, rare walls 6 and end walls 7 and 8. The end walls 7 and 6 are separated from the vault 5 by slots 9 and 10, respectively. All of these parts of the float tank 2 are made of refractory materials. Its metal partition wall 11 comprises the bottom 4 and the side walls 6 and end walls 7 and 8 dex hermetically a bath, which contains a bath of molten * Hateraial 12 ·

. The bath made of glass 13 in the furnace 1 flows out of the latter "via an upper run 14 between the whale rollers 15 and 16, the Form a glass ribbon 17 · The latter is then by means of a group from transport roller ^ 16 to the slot 9 in the Schwiamwanne out and is then placed on the bath of molten material 12 deposited in the direction of the arrow χ «The tape undergoes a fire polish on the bath made of material 12. The material may consist of a molten salt, although it is advantageously formed from a metal, for example made of silver or tin.

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The ribbon of glass moves in sight of the Schiit se β 10 der Bchwiamwanne, taken up by the Valeen 19 and closed a cooling device 3 is performed.

You Figures 2 and 3 show the wall enjoyed the invention for a ßwimmwanne · the metallic lower partition wall 25 and the metallic side partitions, woven only one at 26 istι shown form an outer sealing housing.

Bexagonal refractory elements 40-46 made of graphite are arranged side by side to form a kind of lining, and they are from the partition wall 25 through the gap 29 separated. The side end block 44 has an extra thickness 48, in order to form a lateral lining of the inside of the tub · 0 ·· tin 49 «on which the glass ribbon 50 in a Direction perpendicular to the Zben · the Yig. 2 slides, rests on the Ormphitplfttten · A refractory block 51 is between the graphite plate 48 and the side partition wall 26 close « arranges the latter from the effects of the heat of the bath to isolate.

A connecting part 52 is arranged at the meeting point of the three adjoining flats and anchors the latter with the floor partition 25 · This part 52 consists of three Dividing a cylindrical part 50, a tubular part 56 and an end part 5 ?. The cylindrical part 55 has two beta ages, a lower 59 and an upper 60, by means of which the graphite plates are anchored. The graphite Plates raw on the upper band of the lower shoulder 59t while going through the lower band of the upper shoulder 60 be clamped. At this end the edges of each plate have a recess so that three are adjacent

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Plates a hole. 61 form for the passage of the cylindrical part 55. The lower end of the latter engages the tubular part 56 by means of a thread 65 . The tubular part 56 has a matching internal thread 64 at its upper end, while its lower part is smooth. The end portion 57 is of a base point 66, the NIT 67 of the bottom partition wall 55 is welded, and formed by a disposed above the base point of pivot connection 66 · The pivot connection 68 is located in Fora a ball in front, the diameter practically equal to the Innendurch-) meeeers dee tubular part 56 is. The pivot bearing connection 68 is in engagement with the lower part of the tubular part 56 . A pin 70 connects the tubular part 56 and the end part 57 and leads through these parts through a bore 69 * which extends through them from one side to the other, and provides sufficient play for an angular movement of the tubular part 56 relatively su dem Sadteil 57 In each sighting. The axis of the Sapfene 70 is arranged in a horizontal plane slightly below the horizontal large diameter of the connection 66.

The lower part of the lower hemisphere of the rotary connection rests on an inner shoulder 71 on a change in the tubular part 56

The head of the cylindrical part 55 has a recess 5 * of a suitable hexagonal section, by means of which the cylindrical part can be rotated with the aid of a suitable screw in order to lower or raise the tubular part 56. The three parts 55, 56 , 57 of the connecting parts β 52 can be made of mutually different materials

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and avis every b ^ liebigeia material be made which withstand the temperature to which they are exposed canoe You can therefore also use metal, or ceramic materials Consist of graphite. The cylindrical part 55 or at least However, the cover of the head must be made of one material exist, which is not attacked by the tin bath.

The space 29 is located between the plates 40-46, which are carried by the connecting parts 52, and the partition wall 25. The space 29 contains three refractory layers 30-32 of insulating materials lying on top of one another. The layer 32 consists of a graphite powder, which facilitates the heat transfer between the tin bath 49 and the lines 35 and 36 for the flow of the fluid, the lines providing the heat balance. The layer 31 is made of kieselguhr powder, the ski 30 is made of rock wool.These layers are of course only given by way of example can·. As many refractory layers as are deemed necessary and which withstand the local temperatures can be provided. For example, powders with a high aluminum oxide content are selected for tea rooms above 1750 ° C, ie an aluminum oxide content of, at least 45%. At around 1750 ° C, kaolin-based powders, which contain 43% alurainium oxide, are used, and below 1000 ° C, asbestos powder.

Of course, the refractory layers can only fill one! Dell of the space and the layers can be made out materials other than powders, e.g.

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Jj'as, lumps, chunks, puffed materials, or blocks of a given density. It is also possible to add a sufficiently small amount of a binder to the powdered elements that the pores between the granules are not clogged, but a sufficient amount so that the granules are easily bonded together so that they form a coherent although easily breakable mass. The binder may be selected because it il hardened in their position only in use and not in the attachment of the lining · Such binders are, for example, ceramic binders, hydraulic cements, Hatriumsilikat, solutions of molasses or sugars, tars or asphalts, or heavy hydrocarbons " The layers 30-32 are arranged near the lateral partition wall 26 in such a way that they abut against this partition wall 26. The porodeity of the den. Space-filling substances allow gases which could develop there to pass through lines 74-. removed, with

xn

the gases through / in a suitable manner provided in the tub partition Openings 73 are withdrawn.

The furnace wall is easily constructed · The connecting portions% \ are first coated with the wall 25 connectedness For this purpose, the end part 57 is inserted by means of "crystalline Pußteiles 66 in the tubularly örnige part 56 to which the cylindrical part 55 is then screwed. The welding (at 6?) Of the connecting parts to the floor partition 25 and the attachment of the graphite plates is carried out together. So the undressing progresses gradually. Each plate is then placed on some of the fixing links connected to it, whereupon the remainder of the fixing links on which the adjacent plates are placed are anchored, etc. =>

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During the execution of the lining or afterwards, the distance between the graphite plates and the floor separator is increased 25 set in which that cylindrical part 55 in the tubular part 50 by means of the recesses 54 * in which ■ a suitable tool is inserted, rotated. After all, the powdery hates easily get into the Intermediate space introduced during or after the lining by means of any suitable device. The same applies to the lines 35t 36 for thermal equilibrium

The following figures show other embodiments of a bottom wall for a furnace according to the invention. In order to simplify the drawings, the materials which fill the space 29 where ee is required have not been shown . In FIGS. 4 and 5, the refractory part again has a hexagonal Torah. The connection part 75 is connected to the fireproof rope 76 la Kittelpunkt hlerron · The lower part of the · connecting part 75 passes through a refractory block 77 through a hole 78 formed in it through other fire proof blocks 79 forms the refractory block 77 dl · the bottom separating mouth of a furnace of any kind »where the r _{on the} inner support structure comprising support members 80 is placed butterns 81 and 82 mounted on the lower threaded portion 83 of the connector 75 and on either side of the block 77, allowing the connector 75 to the floor partition of the furnace is anchored · They also allow the distance between the refractory file and the partition to be adjusted.

In Figures 6 and 7 and three connecting parts 91-93 firmly connected to the fire-proof part 90, the head

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the connecting parts with the refractory part form a unit forms. The threaded end 95 of the connectors engages a part 96 by means of a tubular part 97 one, which is provided with an internal thread and one Hexagonal outer limit has · The part 96 closes one cylindrical portion 98 and one on the bottom partition 89 abutting shoulder 99 and a pin 100, the end of which has a slot 101. The distance between the refractory part 90 and the bottom partition wall 89 is inside of the space by using a suitable tool to rotate the tubular member 97 or by rotation of the pin 100 is set below the partition wall 89.

A weld 102 seals and anchors the connecting part in the floor 89

In Figures 0 and 9, the refractory part 105 is firmly attached an "eleaent 106 connected, the head 107 of which forms a unit with the fiery part" Da · Jtode des Element · 106 fits into the tubular part 109 of a part 108. Sin eveitee part 110 of the part 106 is set in the form of an old Threaded part 111 which engages in a corresponding threaded hole 112 in the base plate 113. The end portion 122 of portion 110 is hexagonal. Near its end, the element 106 has a smaller cross-section through Seer 115 t which forms an annular recess 116. Two practically parallel pegs 117, which have essentially the same section as the recess 116, are shown in FIG the latter attached, each pin passing through holes 118 and 119 formed in the tube part 109 are. The pins 117 prevent the vertical movement of the element 106 relative to the tubular part 109, while

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Bio the rotation of the tubular part and around the element 106 allow.

Boring old threaded part 111 anchors the connecting part in the partition wall 113 ₇ while it allows the distance between the refractory part 105 and the partition wall 113 to be adjusted by rotating the part 110 by means of the hexagon. The locking nut 120 is after the adjustment was carried out »tightened

In Fig. 10, that fire fair part 125 has a threaded hole 1? Β, which extends completely through it and receives the threaded end 127 of a cylindrical portion 128, whose other threaded end 129 in mils: Internally threaded tubular part 130 of a part engages, the threaded β end 132 through the Bottom partition 135 extends through a hole 136. Two pairs of Nuts 137-140 anchor part 131 to the base plate 135 * In order to make the drawing easier, these nuts were not cut into your shape. The surface of the nutters and 139, which is adjacent to the partition 133, is of rounded shape so that the clearance of the hole 136 $ .n of the partition 135 a vortex movement of the system, which consists of the refractory part 125 and parts 128 and 131, by several Degrees allowed in any direction · The anchoring system can be fastened by means of nuts 137 and 140. The last! Adjustment of the distance between the refractory part and the partition is carried out by means of the threaded part 127 of the part 128 and, more precisely, by means of the in its Head formed slot 142. For a first adjustment, the nuts 137-140 were previously at a suitable height attached to part 13I.

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After the setting is done, they will be on clamped to the partition. A tight cap 144 is put on welded open the lower surface of the bulkhead at 145. Refractory cement 143 is placed in the part of the threaded hole 126 of the refractory part 125 »which was left free, attached ·

In Fig. 11, the refractory 155 has a threaded hole 156, which extends completely through this β · Bas threaded end 157 of a cylindrical part

158 engages in this threaded hole and another sod

159 has a spherical shape. The spherical part 159 fits into a tubular rope 162, the upper end 163 of which is a smaller diameter than that of the spherical part 139 » but has a larger one than that of part 158. The lower part of tubular part 162 has the same Inner diameter as the spherical rope 159 and he is internally threaded to receive a headless screw 166 which prevents the spherical Part falls down.

The toll 158 can be located in the tubular part 168 rotate as well as tilt by several degrees.

Part 169 is welded to screw 166 at 168, and its lower part 170 is also spherical Engagement in a tubular part 171 «whose upper end 172 has a diameter practically the same as the diameter of the part 169. The remaining part of part 1? 1 has a diameter equal to that of the sphere. The lower part 173 of the part 171 is provided with an internal thread and takes a screw 174 without a head, which there β

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009819 / U80

spherical part 170 carries. Part 171 is welded to partition 176 at 175. The distance between the refractory rope 155 and the partition 176 is only by means of the screw 174 through the hole 177 "which is through the Floor partition 176 leads, adjusted, and a wide adjustment is carried out by / threaded parts 157 of part 158 "

In the wall element shown in FIGS Every binding part 189 participates in the anchoring Clay swo square refractory parts 190 · Ee is in the Putty arranged on the sides of the refractory parts. On these The refractory parts have a suitable shape so that two adjoining blocks form a passage opening, of which the upper part 191 is rectangular is, while the lower style is 192 »JOindric. The upper Threaded part 193 "üi" "cylindrical rope 194 engages in This «Aussparumgeji sin · Br is anchored in two refractory parts 190 by means of two screws 196 and 197, with the surface in contact with the two refractory parts one has a rounded shape in order to achieve a Vinkelbewegungüng of the Leave part 194 by several degrees · One pierced Plate 199 with an outer dimension similar to the dimension of the upper recess 191 except for play exercises • A clearing pressure on two adjacent blocks 190 across di · upper nut 196 from · Insufficient play is for the recess and for the perforated plate, to avoid the above-mentioned angular movement of the part 194 su escape.

The outer rope 202 of the rope 194 has a spherical shape. It fits into a tubular rope 203, the upper sod of which has a smaller one

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0Q981Q / UQ0 B / 03 OWGLAL

Diameter as the ball 202, but a larger than that Part 194 possesses to both a rotation and an angle « movement of part 194 to allow. The lower part 204 dos tubular part has a diameter equal to that of the ball and it is internally threaded to to accommodate a headless screw 205, which prevents that the part 194 slides down. The tubular part is welded to the partition wall 206 at 207. The distance between the partition and the refractory part will be adjusted by means of screws 196 and 197, and this can also be done by means of screw 205 without a head through an opening 208, which extends through the floor partition. 206 extends.

In Figures 14 and 15, each connecting element 209 participates in the anchoring τοη four square refractory parts 210, which are suitable at their four corners Have recesses 211 which receive a spherical head 215 of a cylindrical part 216, so that the refractory parts relative to the part 216 can neither move up nor down.

The lower threaded part 217 of the part 216 engages in a tubular part 2i8, which at its upper part is provided with an internal thread, while its lower part is anchored therein by means of a pin 220 which is through holes 221 and 222, respectively, provided in parts 216 and 219. As a result of the game in these Holes, the tubular part 216 has a certain angle play relative to the part 219 around the pin 220 and in a plane perpendicular to this.

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009819 / U80 BAD PFMQINAL

On the lower part, the file 219 sits between two supporting straps 225 "only one of which is visible in FIG. 14, it is possible" grasps »and it is by means of a pin 226, which calibrates extended through suitable holes in these parts, anchored Because rope 219 has such an angular play relatively, the iragbMndero is in the second level. The straps 225 are on the Bottom separator 228 welded at 227. You / switch the refractory files 210 and the partition 228 will be medium " do Schiit ** β 230 in the lopf 215 d «e file · 216 set ·

Mt Ärfinduag is not an example of a priori "f" ae ". AuA ^ tthrungefoxiiia bdecbjriLnkt *

* Patent application »

009819 / UIO

ORIGINAL BATHROOM -

Claims (1)

Claims 1. Element for the formation of at least part of an outer wall, characterized in that there is at least one partition, at least one of the partition by min * deβtens an intermediate space separated and for arrangement refractory provided on the inside of the furnace Part comprises, wherein the refractory part in remote location su the partition wall by means of at least one locally fixed connecting part is held. 2. Element according to claim 1 _t known e leh net "that at least" one connecting part facilities on Xinstellun "of the distances ·" between the partition and the refractory rope has · 9 · XL · »·» * BMh Claim 1, characterized in that at least one terbindune part is mindeetons sWei Feile umatt, Velohe «arranged one after the other in an extension • ind, * Element according to claim 5t characterized by * η e t, that at least one connecting part is seen • One of the ropes has an arrangement that allows one rope to rotate »around Mine Ache * relative to the other rope enables 5. Element according to claim 5, characterized in that there is at least one connecting part between the two • - 30 - 009818 / UIO BATH its ropes has an arrangement which allows an angular movement of a part relative to the extension the axis of the other part allows. €>. Element according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a part of at least one connecting part is a base point, which part of the refractory Part · · forms. 7 · Element according to claim 1, characterized in · t | that at least one connecting part with a plurality of refractory parts in an area which at least ens one. Has a joint between these parts, linked 1st. θ · Element according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one intermediate sum at least one 8 layer of oimes isolate material contains. 9 «Element according to claim 8, characterized in that the laolatloaamatsrial is a disjointed beterlal, with a small slope of a bandage next to it. mitt ·! · tigesetat Ut. 10 · 3O.amant according to claim 1, thereby gskanasalcha 9 t, 4 "J mio &sstans" in Iwiachearaum ünrlohtungen sum tharmisohan compensation smthtlt · 11 · Hemsat according to claim 10, characterized in that dl «devices during dta operation la - 31 - 009819 / U80 BATH ORIGINAL a material are embedded, which has a high thermal conductivity, and practical from the furnace content are only separated by layers with high thermal conductivity. 12. Element according to claim 8, characterized in that at least a part of the in the space jjiolchezi Containing materials a / wetting angle relatively see below the fluid so that the fluid cannot penetrate the connections between the materials. 13 · Element according to claim 1, characterized in that that the refractory part is at least partially formed by plates consisting mainly of carbon 14. Furnace, characterized in that it is constructed from at least one element according to one or more of the preceding claims 15 · furnace, characterized in that at least a furnace wall part thereof is formed by means of a partition / by at least one refractory part, which is from the Partition is separated by at least one space and which is arranged after the interior of the furnace, wherein the refractory part is held in a separate arrangement with the wall by means of at least one kind of fixed connecting part. 16 «furnace according to one of claims 14 and 15, characterized in that it exn molten metal or a Contains molten BaIs. - 32 - 00981 9 / U80 BATHROOM ONCE -η- 17 · produced flat glass or treated by floating on a bath of molten materials in a furnace according to any one of claims 14 - contained sixteenth 18. A method for the production of flat glass by the swimming pool method on a bath of molten materials «characterized in that this beer for a tub according to any one of claims 14-16 is used. 19 · The method according to claim 18, characterized in that a heat transfer in at least one Gap is accomplished. - 33 - 0Q981Ö / U80