EP0190098A1 - Lateral isolation of a chamber-type furnace for burning carbon blocks - Google Patents

Lateral isolation of a chamber-type furnace for burning carbon blocks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0190098A1
EP0190098A1 EP86810023A EP86810023A EP0190098A1 EP 0190098 A1 EP0190098 A1 EP 0190098A1 EP 86810023 A EP86810023 A EP 86810023A EP 86810023 A EP86810023 A EP 86810023A EP 0190098 A1 EP0190098 A1 EP 0190098A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
layer
stones
projection
insulating
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EP86810023A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0190098B1 (en
Inventor
Willem Venus
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Alcan Holdings Switzerland AG
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Alusuisse Holdings AG
Schweizerische Aluminium AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B13/00—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge
    • F27B13/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of this type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B13/00—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge
    • F27B13/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of this type
    • F27B13/08—Casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
    • F27D1/0006—Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lateral insulation of a chamber furnace for the burning of carbon blocks, in particular of anodes for the production of aluminum by means of melt flow electrolysis, in the area between the outermost fire shaft and the outer wall.
  • Chamber furnaces for burning carbon blocks which serve in particular as anodes in the electrolytic extraction of aluminum, have long been known. They consist of several chambers arranged in rows, which are either installed in the floor or arranged directly on the floor. Fire shafts are arranged between the combustion chambers which receive the carbon blocks.
  • the chambers are usually vertical and, depending on the type, are open at the top or closed with a removable cover.
  • a dough-like mixture is formed into blocks under a press or in a vibrator, which are brought to the kiln.
  • These green carbon blocks are stacked on top of each other in the combustion chambers and embedded in coke or anthracite powder. After that, the combustion chambers are largely sealed airtight. In cooperation with the carbon-containing powder, the oxidation of the carbon bodies can thus be prevented during the firing process.
  • the heating is done with gas, oil or electrical energy.
  • the burning process takes several days, taking the temperature the carbon blocks are above 1100 ° C for a certain time. It is therefore necessary to take special measures so that energy losses are limited and the immediate vicinity of the chamber furnace is not exposed to excessive heat. For this reason, it is customary to build the walls and the bottom of the chamber furnace relatively thick and from fireproof, heat-insulating ceramic material.
  • a chamber furnace with thick side insulation is known from AT-PS 261 723, which consists of firebricks with a large heat capacity. When the chamber furnace is heated to working temperature, this thick chamotte insulation exerts pressure on the fire shaft, which can even be moved out of its vertical position.
  • FIG. 1 a vertical partial section through a chamber furnace, another known variant is shown.
  • a tub consisting of a base plate 10 and an outer wall 12 made of concrete, is provided with a multilayered layer of firebricks 14 or a lateral insulation e.g. made of foam stones 16 or other insulation stones (hereinafter referred to simply as foam stones).
  • foam stones e.g. made of foam stones 16 or other insulation stones (hereinafter referred to simply as foam stones).
  • foam stones e.g. made of foam stones 16 or other insulation stones
  • the inventor has the task of creating a side, in the region between the outermost fire shaft and the A-layer insulating ussenwand of a chamber oven for burning carbon blocks, in particular anodes for the production of aluminum by igneous electrolysis, which in known a us Equipments- form comparable working and material costs has a higher efficiency and a longer life.
  • the thick layers of firebricks with a density of about 2.1 g / cm 3 are largely made of insulating material with a density of 0.5 g / cm 3 with a small heat capacity and / or also lighter moler bricks ( Density 0.63 g / cm 3 ).
  • the smaller thermal capacity of the foam blocks also results in a much better temperature insulation curve. The temperature drops faster in the insulation material than in the refractory bricks with a large heat capacity.
  • the furnace pan which is usually made of concrete and therefore can hardly withstand temperatures above 100 ° C, is largely protected, which significantly increases its service life.
  • the area between the outer wall of the chamber furnace and the outermost fire shaft is completely sealed.
  • This area includes the layer (s) made of refractory insulating foam bricks and the layer (s) of mole stones.
  • fixation of the insulating, refractory foam stones in the outer wall without a space claimed as the last feature of the invention is of essential importance. If these fixings are dispensed with, experience shows that over time, material (e.g. coke and anthracite powder) penetrates between the insulation and the concrete trough, causing the insulation to be pushed in irreversibly.
  • material e.g. coke and anthracite powder
  • the fixations according to the invention have the essential advantage that the side insulation does not occur during inspection work on the fire shaft is damaged or even has to be torn out. Ixtechniken the metallic F probably conduct some heat to the outside, but this is for the whole energy balance of the K am- merofens not essential.
  • Foam stones as well as so-called burnout stones and moler stones are used as the material for the insulating, refractory stones.
  • a 90-150 mm, in particular 110-120 mm, thick layer of firebrick is preferably used for the side walls of the outermost fire shaft.
  • the adjoining layer (s) made of insulating, refractory foam stones is / are preferably a total of 230-400 mm, in particular 300-350 mm, thick.
  • the layer (s) of moler or calcium silicate stones directly adjoining the outer wall is / are preferably a total of 200-300 mm, in particular 240-260 mm, thick.
  • the cantilever covering the insulating layers of refractory foam stones and moler or calcium silicate stones is preferably a concrete nose. This is placed on existing furnaces to the practical consisting of B e-ton outer wall and fixed thereto. In contrast, when building new chamber furnaces, the concrete nose is formed in one piece with the outer wall.
  • the cavity between the cantilever and the above-mentioned insulating layers is preferably filled with slag or silicate wool.
  • the mutually engaging sealing elements of the projection and the outermost fire pit are expediently designed such that the projection has a steel profile with a U-shaped cross section.
  • an L- shaped steel profile is fastened in such a way that its free leg runs vertically downwards after being inserted into the U-profile.
  • the sealing effect of the interlocking steel profiles can be further improved by additionally inserting a sealing material.
  • the fixation of the insulating refractory foamed bricks in the A ussenwand is preferably done by steel anchors which pass through the layer / s of moler or calcium silicate bricks.
  • the steel anchors can be fastened in the layer of foam stones, for example, by means of concrete foundations embedded in the appropriate location.
  • the section of a chamber furnace shown in FIG. 2 shows the concrete slab 10 forming the trough and the outer wall 12, which is also made of concrete. However, in the uppermost region, the outer wall 12 has a concrete nose 26 which is formed in one piece and extends to the outermost fire shaft 18 and forms the projection.
  • the side walls of the outermost fire shaft 18 are kept exactly at a distance by holding or supporting stones 28.
  • a cover plate 30 with a conventional insulation 31 closes the outermost fire shaft 18.
  • This outermost fire shaft 18 is constructed in exactly the same way as all the other normal fire shafts.
  • steel anchors 34 are fastened to a vertical profile 36, which pass through the layers of moler stones 32, merge into the layer of foam stones 16 and are fastened there in concrete foundations 38.
  • the cavity between the concrete nose 26 and the insulating layers of foam stones 16 and moler stones 32 is filled with slag or silicate wool 40.
  • a U-profile 46 made of steel is fastened on the concrete nose 26 provided with reinforcements 42 via a retaining lug 44.
  • An L-shaped steel profile 50 is welded to an angle profile 48 of the cover plate 30 of the outer fire shaft 18, the free leg 52 of which points vertically downward and engages in the U-profile 46 of the concrete nose 26.
  • a sealing compound 54 which is made of flexible material, e.g. asbestos-free, fire-resistant braid.

Abstract

Der Bereich zwischen dem äussersten Feuerschacht (18) und der Aussenwand (12) eines Kammerofens für das Brennen von Kohlenstoffblöcken, insbesondere von Anoden für die Herstellung von Aluminium mittels Schmelzflusselektrolyse, besteht im wesentlichen aus mindestens je einer Schicht von Schamottesteinen (14) als Wand des äussersten Feuerschachts (18), isolierenden feuerfesten Schaumsteinen (16) und Moler- bzw. Kalziumsilikatsteinen (32) bei der Aussenwand (12) des Kammerofens, Die Schicht aus isolierenden, feuerfesten Schaumsteinen (16) ist ohne Spielraum in der Aussenwand (12) fixiert. Abdichtungselemente einer die isolierenden Schichten (16, 32) in Abstand überdeckenden Auskragung (26) der Aussenwand (12) und des äussersten Feuerschachtes (18) stehen miteinander in Eingriff.The area between the outermost fire pit (18) and the outer wall (12) of a chamber furnace for burning carbon blocks, in particular anodes for the production of aluminum by means of melt flow electrolysis, consists essentially of at least one layer of firebricks (14) as the wall of the outermost fire pit (18), insulating refractory foam stones (16) and moler or calcium silicate stones (32) on the outer wall (12) of the chamber furnace, the layer of insulating, refractory foam stones (16) is fixed in the outer wall (12) without any play . Sealing elements of a projection (26) of the outer wall (12) and the outermost fire shaft (18), which overlaps the insulating layers (16, 32) at a distance, are in engagement with one another.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine seitliche, im Bereich zwischen dem äussersten Feuerschacht und der Aussenwand liegende Isolation eines Kammerofens für das Brennen von Kohlenstoffblöcken, insbesondere von Anoden für die Herstellung von Aluminium mittels Schmelzflusselektrolyse.The present invention relates to a lateral insulation of a chamber furnace for the burning of carbon blocks, in particular of anodes for the production of aluminum by means of melt flow electrolysis, in the area between the outermost fire shaft and the outer wall.

Kammeröfen für das Brennen von Kohlenstoffblöcken, die insbesondere als Anoden bei der elektrolytischen Gewinnung des Aluminiums dienen, sind seit langem bekannt. Sie bestehen aus mehreren in Reihen angeordneten Kammern, die entweder im Boden eingebaut oder unmittelbar auf dem Boden angeordnet sind. Zwischen den Brennkammern, welche die ,Kohlenstoffblöcke aufnehmen, sind Feuerschächte angeordnet. Die Kammern stehen meist senkrecht und sind je nach Bauart oben offen oder mit einem abhebbaren Deckel verschlossen.Chamber furnaces for burning carbon blocks, which serve in particular as anodes in the electrolytic extraction of aluminum, have long been known. They consist of several chambers arranged in rows, which are either installed in the floor or arranged directly on the floor. Fire shafts are arranged between the combustion chambers which receive the carbon blocks. The chambers are usually vertical and, depending on the type, are open at the top or closed with a removable cover.

Für die Herstellung der Kohlenstoffblöcke wird eine teigartige Mischung unter einer Presse oder in einer Rüttelmaschine zu Blöcken geformt, die zum Brennofen gebracht werden. Diese grünen Kohlenstoffblöcke werden in den Brennkammern aufeinandergestapelt und in Koks- oder Anthrazitpulver eingebettet. Danach werden die Brennkammern weitgehend luftdicht abgeschlossen. Im Zusammenwirken mit dem kohlenstoffhaltigen Pulver kann damit während des Brennprozesses die Oxidation der Kohlenstoffkörper verhindert werden. Die Heizung erfolgt mit Gas, Oel oder elektrischer Energie.For the production of the carbon blocks, a dough-like mixture is formed into blocks under a press or in a vibrator, which are brought to the kiln. These green carbon blocks are stacked on top of each other in the combustion chambers and embedded in coke or anthracite powder. After that, the combustion chambers are largely sealed airtight. In cooperation with the carbon-containing powder, the oxidation of the carbon bodies can thus be prevented during the firing process. The heating is done with gas, oil or electrical energy.

Der Brennprozess dauert mehrere Tage, wobei die Temperatur der Kohlenstoffblöcke eine gewisse Zeit über 1100°C liegt. Es ist deshalb erforderlich, besondere Massnahmen zu treffen, damit die Energieverluste beschränkt und die unmittelbare Umgebung des Kammerofens keiner zu starken Hitzeentwicklung ausgesetzt ist. Aus diesem Grund ist es üblich, die Wände und den Boden des Kammerofens verhältnismässig dick und aus feuerfestem, wärmeisolierendem keramischem Material zu bauen.The burning process takes several days, taking the temperature the carbon blocks are above 1100 ° C for a certain time. It is therefore necessary to take special measures so that energy losses are limited and the immediate vicinity of the chamber furnace is not exposed to excessive heat. For this reason, it is customary to build the walls and the bottom of the chamber furnace relatively thick and from fireproof, heat-insulating ceramic material.

Aus der AT-PS 261 723 ist ein Kammerofen mit dicker Seitenisolation bekannt, welche aus Schamottesteinen mit grosser wärmekapazität besteht. Bei der Erwärmung des Kammerofens auf Arbeitstemperatur übt diese dicke Schamotte-Isolierung einen Druck auf den Feuerschacht aus, wobei dieser sogar aus seiner vertikalen Lage verschoben werden kann.A chamber furnace with thick side insulation is known from AT-PS 261 723, which consists of firebricks with a large heat capacity. When the chamber furnace is heated to working temperature, this thick chamotte insulation exerts pressure on the fire shaft, which can even be moved out of its vertical position.

In Fig. 1, einem vertikalen Teilschnitt durch einen Kammerofen, ist eine weitere bekannte Variante dargestellt. Eine Wanne, bestehend aus einer Bodenplatte 10 und einer Aussenwand 12 aus Beton, ist mit einer mehrschichtigen Lage von Schamottesteinen 14 bzw. einer seitlichen Isolation z.B. aus Schaumsteinen 16 oder anderen Isolationssteinen (nachfolgend einfachheitshalber als Schaumsteine bezeichnet) ausgelegt. Nach einer dicken seitlichen Schicht aus Schamottesteinen 14 ist der äusserste Feuerschacht 18 angeordnet, der gegen das Innere des Kammerofens eine dünnere Wand aus Schamottesteinen 14 hat. Nach der ersten Anodenkassette 20, in welcher die grünen Kohlenstoffkörper aufgestapelt werden, folgt ein normaler Feuerschacht 22, der beidseits mit einer dünnen Wand aus Schamottesteinen 14 aufgemauert ist. Der oberste Bereich des Kammerofens ist durch Abdeckplatten 24 geschützt.In Fig. 1, a vertical partial section through a chamber furnace, another known variant is shown. A tub, consisting of a base plate 10 and an outer wall 12 made of concrete, is provided with a multilayered layer of firebricks 14 or a lateral insulation e.g. made of foam stones 16 or other insulation stones (hereinafter referred to simply as foam stones). After a thick lateral layer of firebricks 14, the outermost fire shaft 18 is arranged, which has a thinner wall made of firebricks 14 against the interior of the chamber furnace. After the first anode cassette 20, in which the green carbon bodies are stacked, there follows a normal fire shaft 22, which is bricked up on both sides with a thin wall of firebricks 14. The top area of the chamber furnace is protected by cover plates 24.

Nach der in Fig. 1 dargestellten bekannten Ausführungsform eines Kammerofens gibt es also zwei Arten von Feuerschächten, die leichteren normalen 22 und die schweren äussersten 18, welche der Aussenwand 12 benachbart sind.According to the known embodiment of a chamber furnace shown in FIG. 1, there are therefore two types of fire ducts, the lighter normal 22 and the heavy outermost 18, which are adjacent to the outer wall 12.

Der Erfinder hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt, eine seitliche, im Bereich zwischen dem äussersten Feuerschacht und der Aussenwand liegende Isolation eines Kammerofens für das Brennen von Kohlenstoffblöcken, insbesondere von Anoden, für die Herstellung von Aluminium mittels Schmelzflusselektrolyse, zu schaffen, welche bei mit bekannten Ausführungs- formen vergleichbarem Arbeits- und Materialaufwand einen höheren Wirkungsgrad und eine längere Lebensdauer aufweist.The inventor has the task of creating a side, in the region between the outermost fire shaft and the A-layer insulating ussenwand of a chamber oven for burning carbon blocks, in particular anodes for the production of aluminum by igneous electrolysis, which in known a usführungs- form comparable working and material costs has a higher efficiency and a longer life.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss gelöst durch

  • - die Anordnung von mindestens je einer Schicht von Schamottesteinen als Wand des äussersten Feuerschachts, isolierenden feuerfesten Schaumsteinen und Moler- bzw. Kalziumsilikatsteinen bei der Aussenwand des Kammerofens.
  • - eine die isolierenden Schichten in Abstand überdeckende Auskragung der Aussenwand, wobei der Hohlraum mit einem komprimierbaren, feuerfesten Isolationsmaterial gefüllt ist, und Abdichtungselemente der Auskragung und des äussersten Feuerschachtes miteinander in Eingriff stehen, und
  • - die Schicht aus isolierenden, feuerfesten Schaumsteinen ohne Spielraum in der Aussenwand fixiert ist.
According to the invention, the object is achieved by
  • - The arrangement of at least one layer of fireclay bricks as the wall of the outermost fire pit, insulating refractory foam bricks and moler or calcium silicate bricks on the outer wall of the chamber furnace.
  • a projection of the outer wall covering the insulating layers at a distance, the cavity being filled with a compressible, fire-resistant insulation material, and sealing elements of the projection and the outermost fire shaft being in engagement with one another, and
  • - The layer of insulating, refractory foam stones is fixed in the outer wall without any play.

Nach einem ersten Merkmal der Erfindung werden also die dicken Schichten von Schamottesteinen mit einer Dichte von etwa 2,1 g/cm3 grösstenteils durch Isoliermaterial mit einer Dichte von 0,5 g/cm3 mit kleiner Wärmekapazität und/ oder durch ebenfalls leichtere Molersteine (Dichte 0,63 g/cm3) ersetzt. Bei kleinerem Volumenpreis für das Isoliermaterial entsteht dank der kleineren Wärmekapazität der Schaumstoffsteine auch eine wesentlich bessere Temperaturisolationskurve. Die Temperatur fällt im Isolationsmaterial schneller ab als in den Schamottesteinen mit grosser Wärmekapazität. Dadurch wird die Ofenwanne, welche meist aus Beton besteht und daher Temperaturen über 100°C nur schlecht erträgt, weitgehend geschont, was ihre Lebensdauer beträchtlich erhöht.According to a first feature of the invention, the thick layers of firebricks with a density of about 2.1 g / cm 3 are largely made of insulating material with a density of 0.5 g / cm 3 with a small heat capacity and / or also lighter moler bricks ( Density 0.63 g / cm 3 ). With a smaller volume price for the insulating material, the smaller thermal capacity of the foam blocks also results in a much better temperature insulation curve. The temperature drops faster in the insulation material than in the refractory bricks with a large heat capacity. As a result, the furnace pan, which is usually made of concrete and therefore can hardly withstand temperatures above 100 ° C, is largely protected, which significantly increases its service life.

Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung wird der Bereich zwischen der Aussenwand des Kammerofens und dem äussersten Feuerschacht vollständig abgedichtet. Dieser Bereich umfasst die Schicht/en aus feuerfesten Isolierschaumsteinen und die Schicht/en von Molersteinen.According to a further feature of the invention, the area between the outer wall of the chamber furnace and the outermost fire shaft is completely sealed. This area includes the layer (s) made of refractory insulating foam bricks and the layer (s) of mole stones.

Die als letztes Merkmal der Erfindung beanspruchte Fixierung der isolierenden, feuerfesten Schaumsteine in der Aussenwand ohne Zwischenraum ist von wesentlicher Bedeutung. Bei Verzicht auf diese Fixierungen zeigt die Erfahrung, dass im Laufe der Zeit Material (z.B. Koks und Anthrazitpulver) zwischen Isolation und Betonwanne eindringt, wodurch die Isolation irrevesibel nach innen gedrückt wird. Neben dieser Halterungsfunktion haben die erfindungsgemässen Fixierungen den wesentlichen Vorteil, dass bei Revisionsarbeiten am Feuerschacht die Seitenisolation nicht beschädigt wird oder gar herausgerissen werden muss. Die metallischen Fixierungen leiten wohl etwas Wärme nach aussen, dies ist jedoch für die ganze Energiebilanz des Kam- merofens nicht von wesentlicher Bedeutung.The fixation of the insulating, refractory foam stones in the outer wall without a space claimed as the last feature of the invention is of essential importance. If these fixings are dispensed with, experience shows that over time, material (e.g. coke and anthracite powder) penetrates between the insulation and the concrete trough, causing the insulation to be pushed in irreversibly. In addition to this holding function, the fixations according to the invention have the essential advantage that the side insulation does not occur during inspection work on the fire shaft is damaged or even has to be torn out. Ixierungen the metallic F probably conduct some heat to the outside, but this is for the whole energy balance of the K am- merofens not essential.

Als Material für die isolierenden, feuerfesten Steine werden sowohl Schaumsteine als auch sog. Ausbrandsteine sowie Molersteine eingesetzt.Foam stones as well as so-called burnout stones and moler stones are used as the material for the insulating, refractory stones.

Für die Seitenwände des äussersten Feuerschachtes wird vorzugsweise eine 90-150 mm, insbesondere 110-120 mm, dicke Schamotteschicht eingesetzt. Die daran anschliessende/n Schicht/en aus isolierenden, feuerfesten Schaumsteinen ist/ sind insgesamt vorzugsweise 230-400 mm, insbesondere 300-350 mm, dick. Die unmittelbar an die Aussenwand anschliessende/n Schicht/en aus Moler- bzw. Kalziumsilikatsteinen ist/sind insgesamt vorzugsweise 200-300 mm, insbesondere 240-260 mm, dick. Die in der Praxis angewandten exakten Masse der Dicke der einzelnen Schichten ergeben sich weitgehend aus den Normmassen der entsprechenden Steine, nur die groben Dicken werden durch Berechnung festgelegt.A 90-150 mm, in particular 110-120 mm, thick layer of firebrick is preferably used for the side walls of the outermost fire shaft. The adjoining layer (s) made of insulating, refractory foam stones is / are preferably a total of 230-400 mm, in particular 300-350 mm, thick. The layer (s) of moler or calcium silicate stones directly adjoining the outer wall is / are preferably a total of 200-300 mm, in particular 240-260 mm, thick. The exact dimensions of the thickness of the individual layers used in practice largely result from the standard dimensions of the corresponding stones, only the rough thicknesses are determined by calculation.

Die die isolierenden Schichten aus feuerfesten Schaumsteinen und Moler- bzw. Kalziumsilikatsteinen in Abstand überdeckende Auskragung ist bevorzugt eine Betonnase. Diese wird bei bestehenden Kammeröfen zweckmässig auf die aus Be-ton bestehende Aussenwand aufgesetzt und daran befestigt. Beim Bau von neuen Kammeröfen dagegen wird die Betonnase einstückig mit der Aussenwand ausgebildet.The cantilever covering the insulating layers of refractory foam stones and moler or calcium silicate stones is preferably a concrete nose. This is placed on existing furnaces to the practical consisting of B e-ton outer wall and fixed thereto. In contrast, when building new chamber furnaces, the concrete nose is formed in one piece with the outer wall.

Der Hohlraum zwischen der Auskragung und den oben erwähnten isolierenden Schichten wird vorzugsweise mit Schlacken- bzw. Silikatwolle ausgefüllt.The cavity between the cantilever and the above-mentioned insulating layers is preferably filled with slag or silicate wool.

Die miteinander in Eingriff stehenden Abdichtungselemente der Auskragung und des äussersten Feuerschachtes sind zweckmässig so ausgestaltet, dass die Auskragung ein im Querschnitt U-förmiges Stahlprofil hat. Im obersten Bereich des äussersten Feuerschachtes bzw. dessen Abdeckung ist ein L-förmiges Stahlprofil derart befestigt, dass dessen freier Schenkel nach dem Einsetzen in das U-Profil vertikal nach unten verläuft. Die Dichtungswirkung der ineinandergreifenden Stahlprofile kann noch verbessert werden, indem zusätzlich ein Dichtungsmaterial eingefügt wird.The mutually engaging sealing elements of the projection and the outermost fire pit are expediently designed such that the projection has a steel profile with a U-shaped cross section. In the uppermost area of the outermost fire shaft or its cover, an L- shaped steel profile is fastened in such a way that its free leg runs vertically downwards after being inserted into the U-profile. The sealing effect of the interlocking steel profiles can be further improved by additionally inserting a sealing material.

Die Fixierung der isolierenden, feuerfesten Schaumsteine in der Aussenwand erfolgt bevorzugt durch Stahlanker, welche die Schicht/en aus Moler- bzw. Kalziumsilikatsteinen durchgreifen. Die Befestigung der Stahlanker in der Schicht aus Schaumsteinen kann beispielsweise durch am entsprechenden Ort eingelassene Betonfundamente erfolgen.The fixation of the insulating refractory foamed bricks in the A ussenwand is preferably done by steel anchors which pass through the layer / s of moler or calcium silicate bricks. The steel anchors can be fastened in the layer of foam stones, for example, by means of concrete foundations embedded in the appropriate location.

Die Vorteile der erfindungsgemässen seitlichen Isolation eines Kammerofens können wie folgt zusammengefasst werden:

  • - Der spezifische Energieverbrauch wird wegen der geringeren Wärmekapazität vermindert.
  • - Es besteht kein Qualitätsunterschied von Kohlenstoffkörpern, die in der äussersten oder in einer normalen Brennkammer kalziniert werden.
  • - Die Investitionskosten für die feuerfesten Materialien sind geringer.
  • - Die Ersatzkosten für den äussersten Feuerschacht werden dank der dünnwandigeren Schicht aus Schamottesteinen und den in der Aussenwand fixierten Schaumstoffsteinen um mehr als die Hälfte reduziert.
The advantages of the lateral insulation of a chamber furnace according to the invention can be summarized as follows:
  • - The specific energy consumption is reduced due to the lower heat capacity.
  • - There is no difference in quality of carbon bodies that are calcined in the outermost or in a normal combustion chamber.
  • - The investment costs for the refractory materials are lower.
  • - The replacement costs for the outermost fire pit will be reduced by more than half thanks to the thinner-walled layer of firebricks and the foam blocks fixed in the outer wall.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung beispielsweise näher erläutert. Die schematischen Vertikalschnitte zeigen in

  • - Fig. 2 einen seitlichen Abschluss eines Kammerofens, und
  • - Fig. 3 Abdichtungselemente der Auskragung und des äussersten Feuerschachtes.
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, for example. The schematic vertical sections show in
  • - Fig. 2 shows a side end of a chamber furnace, and
  • - Fig. 3 sealing elements of the cantilever and the outermost fire pit.

Der in Fig. 2 dargestellte Ausschnitt aus einem Kammerofen zeigt die die Wanne bildende Betonplatte 10 und die ebenfalls aus Beton bestehende Aussenwand 12, diese sind ähnlich wie in bekannten Ausführungsformen ausgebildet. Die Aussenwand 12 hat jedoch im obersten Bereich eine einstükkig ausgebildete, sich bis zum äussersten Feuerschacht 18 erstreckende, die Auskragung bildende Betonnase 26.The section of a chamber furnace shown in FIG. 2 shows the concrete slab 10 forming the trough and the outer wall 12, which is also made of concrete. However, in the uppermost region, the outer wall 12 has a concrete nose 26 which is formed in one piece and extends to the outermost fire shaft 18 and forms the projection.

Die Seitenwände des äussersten Feuerschachts 18 sind durch Halterungs- bzw. Stützsteine 28 genau in Abstand gehalten. Eine Abdeckplatte 30 mit einer üblichen Isolation 31 verschliesst den äussersten Feuerschacht 18. Dieser äusserste Feuerschacht 18 ist genau gleich wie alle übrigen, normalen Feuerschächte ausgebildet.The side walls of the outermost fire shaft 18 are kept exactly at a distance by holding or supporting stones 28. A cover plate 30 with a conventional insulation 31 closes the outermost fire shaft 18. This outermost fire shaft 18 is constructed in exactly the same way as all the other normal fire shafts.

Auf der Betonplatte 10 befinden sich mehrere Schichten 14 von Schamottesteinen, aus welchen auch die Wände der Feuerschächte bestehen.On the concrete slab 10 there are several layers 14 of firebricks, from which the walls of the fire ducts also consist.

Zwischen dem äussersten Feuerschacht 18 und der Aussenwand 12 ist vorerst eine Schicht aus isolierenden, feuerfesten Schaumsteinen 16, dann zwei Schichten aus Molersteinen 32 angeordnet.Between the outermost fire pit 18 and the outer wall 12, a layer of insulating, refractory foam stones 16, then two layers of moler stones 32 is arranged.

In der Aussenwand 12 sind an einem Vertikalprofil 36 Stahlanker 34 befestigt, welche die Schichten aus Molersteinen 32 durchgreifen, in die Schicht aus Schaumsteinen 16 übergehen und dort in Betonfundamenten 38 befestigt sind.In the outer wall 12, steel anchors 34 are fastened to a vertical profile 36, which pass through the layers of moler stones 32, merge into the layer of foam stones 16 and are fastened there in concrete foundations 38.

Der Hohlraum zwischen der Betonnase 26 und den isolierenden Schichten aus Schaumsteinen 16 und Molersteinen 32 ist mit Schlacken- bzw. Silikatwolle 40 ausgefüllt.The cavity between the concrete nose 26 and the insulating layers of foam stones 16 and moler stones 32 is filled with slag or silicate wool 40.

Die im Bereich A von Fig. 2 miteinander in Eingriff stehenden Abdichtungselemente der Betonnase 26 und des äusseren Feuerschachtes 18 sind in Fig. 3 in grösserem Massstab dargestellt. Auf der mit Armierungen 42 versehenen Betonnase 26 ist über eine Haltefahne 44 ein U-Profil 46 aus Stahl befestigt. An einem Winkelprofil 48 der Deckplatte 30 des äusseren Feuerschachtes 18 ist ein L-förmiges Stahlprofil 50 angeschweisst, wobei dessen freier Schenkel 52 vertikal nach unten weist und in das U-Profil 46 der Betonnase 26 eingreift. Zwischen den beiden miteinander in Eingriff stehenden Stahlprofilen 46, 50 ist noch eine Dichtungsmasse 54 angeordnet, die aus flexiblem Material, z.B. asbestfreiem, feuerfestem Geflecht besteht.The sealing elements of the concrete nose 26 and the outer fire shaft 18 which are in engagement with one another in the area A of FIG. 2 are shown on a larger scale in FIG. 3. A U-profile 46 made of steel is fastened on the concrete nose 26 provided with reinforcements 42 via a retaining lug 44. An L-shaped steel profile 50 is welded to an angle profile 48 of the cover plate 30 of the outer fire shaft 18, the free leg 52 of which points vertically downward and engages in the U-profile 46 of the concrete nose 26. Between the two mutually engaging steel profiles 46, 50 there is also a sealing compound 54 which is made of flexible material, e.g. asbestos-free, fire-resistant braid.

Claims (10)

1. Seitliche, im Bereich zwischen dem äussersten Feuerschacht (18) und der Aussenwand (12) liegende Isolation eines Kammerofens für das Brennen von Kohlenstoffblökken, insbesondere von Anoden für die Herstellung von Aluminium mittels Schmelzflusselektrolyse,
gekennzeichnet durch - die Anordnung von mindestens je einer Schicht von Schamottesteinen (14) als Wand des äussersten Feuerschachts (18), isolierenden feuerfesten Schaumsteinen (16) und Moler- bzw. Kalziumsilikatsteinen (32) bei der Aussenwand (12) des Kammerofens, - eine die isolierenden Schichten (16,32) in Abstand überdeckende Auskragung (26) der Aussenwand (12), wobei der Hohlraum mit einem komprimierbaren, feuerfesten Isolationsmaterial (40) gefüllt ist, und Abdichtungselemente (46,52) der Auskragung (26) und des äussersten Feuerschachtes (18) miteinander in Eingriff stehen, und - die Schicht aus isolierenden, feuerfesten Schaumsteinen (16) ohne Spielraum in der Aussenwand (12) fixiert ist. 1. Lateral insulation in the area between the outermost fire shaft (18) and the outer wall (12) of a chamber furnace for burning carbon blocks, in particular anodes for the production of aluminum by means of melt flow electrolysis,
marked by the arrangement of at least one layer of fireclay bricks (14) as the wall of the outermost fire pit (18), insulating refractory foam bricks (16) and moler or calcium silicate bricks (32) on the outer wall (12) of the chamber furnace, - A projection (26) of the outer wall (12) covering the insulating layers (16, 32) at a distance, the cavity being filled with a compressible, fire-resistant insulation material (40), and sealing elements (46, 52) of the projection (26) and the outermost fire shaft (18) are in engagement with one another, and - The layer of insulating, fireproof foam stones (16) is fixed without play in the outer wall (12). 2. Isolation nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schicht aus Schamottesteinen (14) 90-150 mm, diejenige/n aus Schaumsteinen (16) 230-400 mm und diejenige/n aus Moler- bzw. Kalziumsilikatsteinen (32) 200-300 mm dick sind.2. Insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer of firebricks (14) 90-150 mm, that / n of foam bricks (16) 230-400 mm and diejeni made of moler or calcium silicate stones (32) are 200-300 mm thick. 3. Isolation nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schicht aus Schamottesteinen (14) 110-120 mm, diejenige/n aus Schaumsteinen (16) 300-350 mm und diejenige/n aus Moler- bzw. Kalziumsilikatsteinen (32) 240-260 mm dick sind.3. Insulation according to claim 2, characterized in that the layer of firebricks mm (14) 110-120, that / n from S chaumsteinen (16) 300-350 mm, and that / n of moler or calcium silicate bricks (32) 240 Are -260 mm thick. 4. Isolation nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die die isolierenden Schichten (16, 32) in Abstand überdeckende Auskragung (26) eine Betonnase ist.4. Isolation according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the insulating layers (16, 32) at a distance overlapping projection (26) is a concrete nose. 5. Isolation nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auskragung (26) eine einstückig mit der Aussenwand (12) ausgebildete Betonnase ist.5. Insulation according to claim 4, characterized in that the projection (26) is a concrete nose formed in one piece with the outer wall (12). 6. Isolation nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlraum zwischen der Auskragung (26) und den isolierenden Schichten (16,32) mit Schlakken- bzw. Silikatwolle (40) gefüllt ist.6. Insulation according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cavity between the projection (26) and the insulating layers (16, 32) is filled with Schlakken or silicate wool (40). 7. Isolation nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die miteinander in Eingriff stehenden Abdichtungselemente (46,50) der Auskragung (26) und des äussersten Feuerschachtes (18) ineinanderliegende U- und L-förmige Stahlprofile sind.7. Insulation according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the mutually engaging sealing elements (46, 50) of the projection (26) and the outermost fire shaft (18) are interlocking U- and L- shaped steel profiles. 8. Isolation nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen den ineinanderliegenden Schenkeln der Stahlprofile (46,50) ein Dichtungsmaterial (54) angeordnet ist.8. Insulation according to claim 7, characterized in that between the nested legs of the steel profile (46,50) a sealing material (54) is arranged. 9. Isolation nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schicht/en aus isolierenden, feuerfesten Schaumsteinen (16) mit die Schicht/en aus Moler- bzw. Kalziumsilikatsteinen (32) durchgreifenden Stahlankern (34) in der Aussenwand (12) fixiert ist/ sind.9. Insulation according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the layer / s of insulating, refractory foam stones (16) with the layer / s of moler or calcium silicate stones (32) penetrating steel anchors (34) in the outer wall ( 12) is / are fixed. 10. Isolation nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stahlanker (34) mittels eines Betonfundaments (38) in den Schaumsteinen (16) befestigt sind.10. Insulation according to claim 9, characterized in that the steel anchors (34) by means of a concrete foundation (38) in the foam blocks (16) are attached.
EP86810023A 1985-01-30 1986-01-17 Lateral isolation of a chamber-type furnace for burning carbon blocks Expired EP0190098B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH40785 1985-01-30
CH407/85 1985-01-30

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EP0190098A1 true EP0190098A1 (en) 1986-08-06
EP0190098B1 EP0190098B1 (en) 1989-01-04

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US (1) US4629423A (en)
EP (1) EP0190098B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61180883A (en)
CN (1) CN86100307A (en)
AU (1) AU587216B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1258169A (en)
DE (1) DE3661655D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8700749A1 (en)
HU (1) HUT43714A (en)
NO (1) NO164801C (en)
ZA (1) ZA86294B (en)

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FR2671796A1 (en) * 1991-01-17 1992-07-24 Vesuvius France Sa INSULATING MONOLITHLY REFRACTORY MATERIAL - METHOD OF MAKING AND PIECE ACCORDING TO THE METHOD

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US6112970A (en) * 1998-08-17 2000-09-05 Kanto Yakin Kogyo K.K. Continuous atmosphere heat treating furnace
GB9928352D0 (en) * 1999-12-02 2000-01-26 Microtherm International Limit Composite body and method of manufacture
CN101363685B (en) * 2007-08-09 2010-04-07 沈阳铝镁设计研究院 Anode roasting furnace for aluminum

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US1351305A (en) * 1919-03-19 1920-08-31 Albert G Smith Furnace construction
DE2909242A1 (en) * 1978-03-10 1979-09-20 Elettrocarbonium Spa CHAMBER FOR CONTINUOUS RING OVEN IN HOFFMANN DESIGN

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2671796A1 (en) * 1991-01-17 1992-07-24 Vesuvius France Sa INSULATING MONOLITHLY REFRACTORY MATERIAL - METHOD OF MAKING AND PIECE ACCORDING TO THE METHOD
EP0496251A1 (en) * 1991-01-17 1992-07-29 Vesuvius France S.A. Insulating monolithic refractory material
US5350609A (en) * 1991-01-17 1994-09-27 Vesuvius Crucible Company Insulating monolithic refractory material, manufacturing process and article according to the process

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NO164801B (en) 1990-08-06
CN86100307A (en) 1986-07-30
CA1258169A (en) 1989-08-08
NO860302L (en) 1986-07-31
JPS61180883A (en) 1986-08-13
DE3661655D1 (en) 1989-02-09
EP0190098B1 (en) 1989-01-04
HUT43714A (en) 1987-11-30
ZA86294B (en) 1986-09-24
ES551450A0 (en) 1986-11-16
NO164801C (en) 1990-11-14
AU5222786A (en) 1986-08-07
US4629423A (en) 1986-12-16
AU587216B2 (en) 1989-08-10
ES8700749A1 (en) 1986-11-16

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