DE1954647C

DE1954647C - Device for producing straight lines of limited length on a workpiece level

Info

Publication number: DE1954647C
Application number: DE19691954647
Authority: DE
Inventors: Ernst August Dr Ing 6580 Idar Oberstein Weinz
Original assignee: Ernst Fr Weinz WEKA oHG, 6580 Idar Oberstein
Filing date: 1969-10-30
Publication date: 1973-06-07

Description

mit konstanter Winkelgeschwindigkeit rotierende Bewegungen erzeugt werden.rotating movements are generated with constant angular velocity.

Diese Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß die Werkstückebene um die Antriebsachse mit konstanter Winkelgeschwindigkeit in Rotation versetzbar ist und der die Spindel des Werkzeughalters in Lagern führende Steg festliegt.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the workpiece plane is around the drive axis can be set in rotation at a constant angular speed and the spindle of the tool holder in bearings leading web is fixed.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung hat den Vorteil, daß die Massen nicht oszillieren, sondern sich mit konstanter Winkelgeschwindigkeit drehen, so daß hohe Schnittgeschwindigkeiten durch geeignete Lagerung erreicht werden.The device according to the invention has the advantage that the masses do not oscillate, but rather themselves rotate at constant angular speed, so that high cutting speeds by suitable Storage can be achieved.

Die Schnitte, vor allem für optische Elemente, können sehr exakt aufgeführt werden, da das Lagerspiel durch Verwenden von Spitzenspindeln oder hydrodynamisch geschmierten Mehrgleitflächenlagern oder sehr exakt geschabten Gleitlagern ausgeschaltet werden kann. Bei entsprechender Auswuchtung der Teile können Unrundheiten, d. h. Lageabweichungen der Welle von weniger als 0,5 μπι, mit einfachen ao Mitteln erreicht werden. Die Vorrichtung arbeitet äußerst exakt durch das Fehlen von Anschlägen, die sonst dazu dienen, nach dem Abheben beim Hobelvorgang das Werkzeug wieder in seine Position zu bringen. Da das Werkzeug rotiert, tritt es immer von as einer Seite aus dem Werkstück aus und von der anderen Seite wieder ein, so daß ein Abheben entfällt. Dadurch kann die Genauigkeit wesentlich gesteigert werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist in ihrem Aufbau sehr einfach und läßt sich wirtschaftlieh verwirklichen, da es sich um rotierende käuflich zu erwerbende Spindeln handelt.The cuts, especially for optical elements, can be made very precisely because of the bearing clearance by using point spindles or hydrodynamically lubricated multi-slide surface bearings or very precisely scraped plain bearings can be switched off. With appropriate balancing of the Parts can be out-of-roundness, i. H. Deviations in position of the shaft of less than 0.5 μm, with simple ao Funds can be achieved. The device works extremely precisely due to the lack of stops that otherwise they are used to return the tool to its position after it has been lifted off during the planing process bring. As the tool rotates, it always emerges from as one side out of the workpiece and in again from the other side, so that lifting is not necessary. As a result, the accuracy can be increased significantly. The device according to the invention is shown in its structure is very simple and can be realized economically, since it is a rotating one for sale Spindles to be purchased.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung bietet vielfache Einsatzmöglichkeiten, wie beispielsweise im Werkzeugmaschinenbau beim Hobeln, Stoßen, Schaben, Rastern, beim Herstellen von Zahnrädern und Zahnstangen sowie in der Schmuckindustrie, in der Optik, bei der Feinmechanik, z. B. beim Registrieren u. dgl. mehr.The device according to the invention offers many possible uses, such as in machine tool construction for planing, pushing, scraping, Grids, in the manufacture of gears and racks as well as in the jewelry industry, in optics, in precision engineering, e.g. B. when registering and the like.

Die Erfindung wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung an Hand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen, in schemalischen Skizzen, Fig. 1 eine räumliche Darstellung einer Matrize zur Herstellung optischer Raster undThe invention is described in connection with the following description on the basis of an exemplary embodiment explained in more detail with the drawing. It show, in schematic sketches, 1 shows a three-dimensional representation of a die for producing optical grids and

Fig. 2 ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Glanzhobelmaschine, im das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Raster herzustellen.Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of an inventive Gloss planer to produce in the grid shown in Fig. 1.

Die in F i g. 1 dargestellte Matrize dient beispielsweise zur Herstellung optischer Raster aus Plexiglas oder anderen transparenten Kunststoffen. Die Matrize wird vorzugsweise aus Neusilber und Messinglegierungen hergestellt, die notfalls auch galvanisch verstärkt sein können, um die Lebensdauer zu erhöhen. Auch die Verwendung von Silber und Gold für derartige Matrizen ergibt die gewünschte O'^crflächenbe-ichaffenheit. Die Form derartiger Matrizen ist bekannt, wobei es jedoch schwierig ist, diese rationell herzustellen- Der Radius r wird am Diamantwerkzeug angeschliffen, das außerdem einen so kleinen Freiwinkcl erhält, daß eine Politur entsteht, während die Teilung« vorteilhaft durch eine Relativbewegung des Werkstückes zum Werkzeug während der Drehbewegung stattfindet, was auf einfache Art und Weise mittels Digitalmotoren durchgeführt werden kann, die mitrotieren und sich über Schleifringe oder andere übertragungselemente antreten lassen.The in F i g. 1 is used, for example, to produce optical grids from Plexiglas or other transparent plastics. The die is preferably made of nickel silver and brass alloys, which can also be galvanically reinforced if necessary in order to increase the service life. The use of silver and gold for such matrices also gives the desired surface texture. The shape of such matrices is known, but it is difficult to produce them efficiently. The radius r is ground on the diamond tool, which is also given such a small clearance angle that a polish is produced, while the division is advantageously made by moving the workpiece relative to the tool takes place during the rotary movement, which can be done in a simple manner by means of digital motors that rotate with it and can be started via slip rings or other transmission elements.

F i g. 2 zeigt als
hobelmaschine, um dasF i g. 2 shows as
planer to make the

esbeispiel eine Glanz-ι _d ^F _argestellte Profilesbeispiel a gloss ι _d ^F _arges tellte profile

struktionen,instructions,

schleife oder ^u.». loop or ^ u. ».

Kreisrjaar dann ist zunächst in acr Sda^Kreispaar am leichtesten zu -rwkhch,· da die Gärtnerkonstruktior, m.t eme*Draht od Faden auskommen muu uiiu au imcu/ widerum oszillierende Bewegungen ausfuhrtKreisrjaar is then initially easiest to -rwkhch in acr Sda ^ circle pair, since the gardener constructor has to get by with a wire or thread, and in turn carries out oscillating movements

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Mg. Z wu eine Spindel 1 von einem Motor 6 nut cine ., s immten Drehzahl angetrieben, die so gewählt »si. SaB de schnittgeschwindigkeit ohne Schwmgungsneieuns des Systems so hoch wie möglich gewahu Sird beispielsweise 60 m/sec. Die Spindel 1 ist mu eVnein Sd 2 versehen und wird in einem Axial fS und Radiallagern 4, 5 gehalten bzw. gelagert., wobei vorzugsweise hydrodynamisch S^hmieru-Mehreleitftächenlagcr verwendbar sind. Am freie FA SpTnISdI ist ein Flansch 7 befestigt au, dem das Werkstücks, beispielsweise eine Neusilberplatte und ein Ausgleichgewicht 9 befestigt sind. Die Drehbewegung der Spindel 1 wird von einem Zahnrad 10 auf eine zweite Spindel 13 m.t Zahnrad 12 über einen Zahnriemen Π übertragen, wobei das Zahnrad 12 die halbe Zähnezahl aufweist wie das Zahnrad 10, so daß ein übersetzungsverhältnis von 2-1 bei gleichem Drehsinn gegeben ist. Das Ausgleichgewicht 9 kann so gewählt sein daß der Flansch? eine möglichst geringe Unwucht besitzt. Die Spindel 13 besitzt einen Bund 16 und wird von den Lagern 14,15,17 in ihrer Position wahrend der Drehbewegung gehalten. Auf der Spindel 13 ist ein Werkzeughalter 18 befestigt, der zum Ausgleich der Unwucht ein Gegengewicht 19 erhalt.In the embodiment according to Mg. Z wu a spindle 1 of a motor 6 nut cine., s immten speed driven, which is so chosen »si. SaB the cutting speed without any tendency to swing of the system as high as possible For example, 60 m / sec. The spindle 1 is mu eVno Sd 2 provided and is in an axial fS and radial bearings 4, 5 held or stored., where preferably hydrodynamic S ^ hmieru-Mehreleitftächenlagcr are usable. A flange 7 is attached to the free FA SpTnISdI, that of the workpiece, for example a nickel silver plate and a balance weight 9 are attached. the Rotary movement of the spindle 1 is controlled by a gear 10 is transferred to a second spindle 13 with a toothed wheel 12 via a toothed belt Π, whereby the Gear 12 has half the number of teeth as the gear 10, so that a gear ratio of 2-1 is given with the same direction of rotation. The balance weight 9 can be chosen so that the flange? has the lowest possible imbalance. The spindle 13 has a collar 16 and is of the bearings 14,15,17 in their position during the Rotational movement held. On the spindle 13 is a Tool holder 18 attached, which receives a counterweight 19 to compensate for the imbalance.

Auf dem Werkzeughalter 18 ist das Werkzeug 20 angeordnet, das zum Herstellen größerer Einstichtiefen axial verstellt werden kann. Geringere Einstichtiefen bis etwa 20 ,nn können ohne axiale Verschiebung in einem Durchgang gefräst werden. Die cerade Linie bzw. Linien auf dem Werkstuck 8 erpeben sich als Sonderform der Ellipse bei einem bestimmten Abstand des Werkzeuges 20 von seinem Drehpunkt und einem _l ,!sprechenden zugehorenden Abstand der beiden parallel verlaufenden sich drehenden Spindeln 1,13. Bei der Ellipse ergibt sich eine exakte gerade Linie beim gleichen Abstand des Werkzeuges 20 von seiner Welle 13 einerseits und der Wellen 1, 13 andererseits. Zum Herstellen der Teilung t (Fig. 1) verschiebt man am zweckmäßigsten das Werkstück 8 radial auf dem Flansch 7. Die Berechnung des Punktes, wo die Gerade entsteht, wird hier nicht erläutert, da sie als Stand der Technik dem Fachmann bekannt ist.The tool 20, which can be axially adjusted to produce greater puncture depths, is arranged on the tool holder 18. Smaller recess depths up to approx. 20.nn can be milled in one pass without axial displacement. The cerade line or lines on the workpiece 8 emerge as a special shape of the ellipse at a certain distance of the tool 20 from its pivot point and a corresponding distance between the two parallel rotating spindles _{1, 13.} In the case of the ellipse, there is an exact straight line at the same distance between the tool 20 and its shaft 13 on the one hand and the shafts 1, 13 on the other hand. To produce the division t (FIG. 1), it is most expedient to move the workpiece 8 radially on the flange 7. The calculation of the point where the straight line arises is not explained here, as it is known to the person skilled in the art as the state of the art.

Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings

Claims

1 21 2

Moving movements generated, with these to patent claim: fine movements the masses slowed down or new device for producing straight lines must be accelerated. In addition, the of a limited length on a workpiece level, the tool is retreated and the tool is lifted with the help of a one point of attack on the workpiece 5 to both the surface of the workpiece piece level having tool, with wel- as well as the tool to protect against destruction, rather the tool is placed on a tool holder. Prescribed in mechanical engineering and metrology is the one at a distance from the turn of the plant », one decanted to create straight lines stuff perpendicular to the. Machine elements running at workpiece level, such as slide and rod guide axis with one containing these and with the io ments as well as straight guides with coupling-joint tool holder divide firmly connected spindle, as they are known in the gear theory rotatable over a web guiding them in bearings ("Getriebelehre", Kraemer, pp. 2ff., 30, 160), or stored and in a transmission ratio of 1: 2 also according to the cranesbill principle (»gear one Drive axle can be driven from, whereby the teaching «. Kraemer, S. UO, 11, 142) working Ge spacing from the drive axis to the axis of rotation 15 wheel guides, in which a short straight line through Verdes Tool holder converted into a longer straight line equal to the distance from the enlargement The axis of rotation of the tool holder becomes the tool, or vice versa.

is the point of contact in the workpiece plane and this results in the slide and rod at which the workpiece plane in the distance par- guides the disadvantage (»transmission theory«, Kraemer, allele runs to a level in which in the An 20 pp. 206, 207) that this is mostly a certain game Drive axis have a gear as the output gear for the, so that it can be moved at all 1: 2 is arranged and with the NEN. This game is represented by an oil film or a Work piece level during the manufacturing process other lubrication, such as air forge has a rigid connection, thereby bridging, the lubricating film under that the workpiece * 5 load changes its thickness. You can do this level (8) around the drive axis (1) with constant appearance using a ball-roll element Avoid angular velocity set in rotation or other rolling elements, so is and the spindle (13) of the tool holder that a bearing play of almost zero can be achieved. at (18) in bearings (14, 15, 17) leading web is fixed ball rolling elements or rolling elements located. 30 given the disadvantage that this leads to vibrations

tend, which is particularly important at higher

The invention relates to a device for speeding up the case. This is special make straight lines of limited length clearly recognizable when making optical profiles Workpiece level with the help of an attack where the rolling of the ball marks in the point at the workpiece plane having the work profile 35 leaves behind, which is because of the high gloss, in which the tool can be recognized with the naked eye on a factory polish of the profile tool holder is arranged, which can be at a distance.

Straight lines with coupling joint links running from the tool perpendicular to the workpiece plane Axis with one containing these and indeed reduce the back and forth movements with the tool holder firmly connected spindle 40 to rotational movements, which, however, mostly opposite a web guiding them in bearings have the same angular speed as they rotate, d. H. Accelerable stored and in the transmission ratio 1: 2 of inclination and braking as well as deflection, whereby a drive axle can be driven from, wherein the one in addition a plurality of articulated rods and Distance from the drive axis to the axis of rotation of the coupling, the play of which adds up. Except tool holder equal to the distance from the rotating 45 which causes the finite mass of mostly on axis of the tool holder for tool engagement- a pitch circle oscillating articulated rods and point is in the workpiece plane and at which the points have a tendency to vibrate in the entire Ge workpiece plane at a distance parallel to a plane that is not only detrimental to the surface, runs, in which a gear in the drive axle as well as a strong bearing wear in Output gear for the translation 1: 2 arranged 50 leads to the deflection points. For those after the storkist and that applies to devices operating on the workpiece plane during the Herschnabel principle Adjusting process has a rigid connection. same.

In the attempts to produce optical grids with diamond, a drawing apparatus (German Paweikzeugen, which are used as a negative matrix for tentschrift 195 589), with which straight lines of reproduction in plastic are used, are of a different length and position on a Various methods are used which can be inadequate in this embodiment, however. In order to be able to make use of the known teaching in an economical manner and to be able to produce the required quality to achieve the ellipse on the basis of the ellipse equation, a high cutting speed is required if one of the semiaxes has speed. 60 of the ellipse is set to zero. In this execution-Since the grids are mostly parallel form, the drawing organ leads on the fixed groups of lines, which under certain circumstances more-drawing plane are crossed by a reciprocating straight line, a very close movement must also be carried out, so that at a transfer of the tolerance of the parallelism as well as the penetration depth of this teaching to the application specified above must be guaranteed. As an example, let us assume a grid with 7 / <m 65 application examples, the same disadvantages occur.
Penetration depth and 80 μm pitch. The invention is based on the object of improving the known devices in the previously known devices to the effect that the parallel line groups are switched off by back and forth oscillating movements and