DE19524908C2 - Method and device for producing a revetment from rubble stones - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method of manufacture development of a revetment from rubble stones, in particular as Ground and embankment protection in hydraulic engineering according to the Oberbe handle of claim 1.

In hydraulic engineering, revetments are used to secure soles and Embankments created and serve the erosion and scour protection of the subsequent or below what constructional constructions. Stones are used from the density of light rock to heavy Slag. Because of the limited larger mass of the stones  they naturally have a limited positional stability. The limited position stability harbors the danger that it will grow over time due to the mobility of the individual stones dissolution or destruction of the revetment. The more or less permanent movement of the individual stones also complicates the settlement and occupation of the revetment with plants and small organisms. Because of the frequent Maintenance is relatively high.

For the above reasons, it has also become known to use such revetments suitable material. From DE-PS 34 20 027 C2 or DE-OS 32 05 293 A1 is known to apply filter concrete or concrete to the revetment. For the Colloidal cement mortar is usually used under water or Mortar stabilized by an additive. The mortar penetrates more or less in the revetment and should connect the individual stones with each other. Under water, the mortar to be installed can be completely covered over water; he reaches the surface of the built-in stones in free fall through the water. Alternatively, the mortar can be pumped into a distribution pipe under water is supplied, from which the mortar by freely dragging over the revetment Tubing is randomly distributed statistically.  

The known method is characterized in that a relatively large amount of the material remains on the surface of the stones and there is no clinging effect can develop. In addition, the surface is largely sealed causes, which is undesirable for hydraulic and ecological reasons.

From MAV 1990 page 8 it has also become known to apply the potting material in punctiform or strip-like fashion to cover layers, so that zones with little potting material are formed. A punctual casting with a diameter of 1 m or a strip-like casting with a width of 1 m is proposed.

In the method described last, there is also a partial sealing and one Larger amounts of concrete that accumulate above the surface layer do not contribute desired parenthesis at. Despite the reduced amount of potting, this is therefore Process also disadvantageous.

The invention has for its object a method and an apparatus for Manufacture of a revetment from rubble stones or a revetment Pouring stones, especially as bed or slope protection in hydraulic engineering create with which or with a minimal use of potting material maximum positional stability of the revetment is obtained.  

This object is solved by the features of claims 1, 5 and 8.

In the inventive method according to claim 1, mortar is under pressure in Gaps in the revetment injected in such a way that superimposed and adjacent Stones are clamped into compact blocks. For this, a cement mortar used, which is flowable on the one hand and when injected into the respective gaps penetrates between the stones, which, on the other hand, does not extend around the injected point distributed, but lumpy and bubble-like in the injected area remains. This is achieved with a mortar that is under pressure or shear good flow properties are developed, but if such action ceases to exist if he comes to rest, has a relatively high cohesive force, which means that it does not set aside runs away. There is an onion-like distribution around the injection point around. There is therefore a stapling to greater depths of the revetment or over the thickness of the revetment in a relatively small width, the width depends on the dose introduced. The one that is distributed at the top Mortar amount is extremely small and preferably almost invisible, what from ecological reasons is particularly desirable.

The blocks produced in the process according to the invention  ensure a high positional stability of the revetment and enlighten ben at the same time an adjustment of the intermediate Stones. Tests have shown that the pull-out force at such blocks is three times higher than that Lifting force that corresponds to the weight of a block.

The considerably improved in the method according to the invention This position stability ensures the settlement and occupation the revetment with plants and small organisms, such as crayfish sen, fishing, fry and the like. One with the inventive The revetment produced by the process is characterized by high durability and low maintenance expenditure. The improved positional stability allowed e.g. B. higher speeds of ships in the water and overall greater resilience.

The type of mortar application can vary according to the bean geometrical criteria for the revetment become.

Between the installation of the revetment and the selective In jicking concrete naturally passes a certain one Period. There is therefore a risk of sediments settle on or in the revetment, who are in favor of detention effect when injecting the concrete.  

One embodiment of the invention therefore provides that before the concrete is injected the area in question is rinsed. The rinsing can be done with water be taken from the water, in or next to which the revetment is installed.

In the revetment according to the invention, a so-called Compound revetment made with an upper and a lower stone layer, of which the lower stones are assigned to a smaller size class. Between the layers a geotextile grid with high tensile strength is arranged, e.g. B. with a mesh size of 10 × 10 mm. The concrete is made in with each other in the area of the individual blocks bounding areas by means of concrete clamped stones by the Geotextile mesh at least partially injected into the lower stone layer for manufacture a firm bond between the upper and lower stone layers.

The inventive device according to claim 8 has at least one lance, which can be connected to a source of liquid concrete via a flexible hose. Such a device is known from DE-OS 31 19 684 A1. The source is preferably a concrete pump which is connected to a mixer / metering device material can be continuously replenished. The pump can be used in a known manner Dosing pump can be run to determine the amount of mortar to be installed  set for each bracket point. According to the invention, several lances are in a predetermined grid arranged on a support body for injecting the Liquid concrete. A controllable valve is arranged directly above each lance, which has a remotely controllable actuator, the controllable Valves are connected to a common feed and return line, whereby constant flow of liquid concrete under pressure through the feed and return line can, which is supplied via flexible services from the source. The number of Pump strokes per point is therefore a measure of the amount injected. It can be in one Parenthesis log can be registered. The lance is preferred height adjustable or telescopic. According to a further embodiment of the Invention, it is provided with an automatic closure at the lower end. This the lance automatically closes when the supply of concrete stops To prevent afterflow.

The entirety of the lances is suitably lowered onto the revetment, wherein the distribution device ensures that at the same time or successively over the Lances a predetermined amount of concrete is injected at the predetermined location. The Grid can e.g. B. be a triangular grid.

To make precise dosing easier, each lance is a controllable valve assigned.  

The controllable valve is mounted just above the lance to a Prevent after-running of the liquid concrete after closing the valve. The Actuation of the valve, for example a slide, can be done by a hydraulic Adjustment device take place, which is attached directly to the valve housing. The Control takes place in a known manner via a suitable distribution device is also preferably attached to the support body.

The source, e.g. B. the concrete pump is with a feed and a return line connected to the distributor, and the valves are connected to the common Feed line connected. This allows the liquid concrete to be circulated be, and z. B. by successively opening the individual valves to the desired Points are played. After completion, the material can be removed from the line easily promoted out, so that the risk of curing in the Line is avoided. The system described can also be in a simple manner be flushed during a break, for example with water, around pipes and Clean valves and lances.

Since the device according to the invention is also used under water  According to one embodiment of the invention, it is useful if the valves, the actuating devices therefor and the control distribution device in a waterproof case are arranged.

To the stapling according to the inventive method using the One can see that the device according to the invention can be carried out as quickly as possible Embodiment of the invention that two support bodies are provided, one of which each along a first guide approximately vertical or parallel to the lances is movable and the first guides along the second guides approximately can be moved horizontally or approximately perpendicular to the lances and Adjustment devices between the supporting bodies and the first guide or are provided between the first and second guides. During one Support body is temporarily held stationary at a predetermined location, so The next supporting body can be injected at certain points via the individual lances to be moved to the next position to then over his lances to inject punctually, then the first supporting body in the next working position is proceeded. It is therefore possible to continuously inject concrete so that large areas of revetment can be processed within a relatively short time can. The supporting bodies are  preferably on the cantilever arm of a conveyor, e.g. B. one Crane attached, which in turn ver along a track is mobile to ensure the desired continuity Afford. According to an embodiment of the Erfin on a float, such as a katama ran pontoon, arranged and in turn parallel to itself be movable yourself. The float is preferred constructed symmetrically to the connection of the feed line to be able to provide at both ends of the float. This is particularly advantageous where there are bridges is working and the delivery of the concrete outside the Bridge must be done. The feed can e.g. B. from a sepa advise floats made on which all necessary facilities for the production and promotion of concrete are arranged.

It has already been mentioned that in the inventive Process is advantageous in the areas where Be ton is injected to perform a rinse. To this Purpose can according to an embodiment of the invention, the Lan ze or the carrier body assigned a rinsing device become.

The invention is based on drawings ago explained.  

Fig. 1 shows a section through part of a composite revetment, which was produced by the inventive method.

Fig. 2 shows in section a device for performing the inventive method.

FIG. 3 shows the top view of the device according to FIG. 2 with the upper part removed.

FIG. 4 shows schematically the operation of the device according to FIGS. 2 and 3 in a body of water.

FIG. 5 shows the top view of the illustration according to FIG. 4.

Fig. 6 shows schematically a grid for several lances egg ner device according to FIGS. 2 and 3.

Fig. 7 shows a plan view of a modified apparatus for carrying out the inventive method.

FIG. 8 shows a complete system for operating the device according to FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 shows the device according to FIG. 7 partially cut away in perspective.

Fig. 10 shows schematically the operation of the apparatus of Fig. 7 and 8.

In Fig. 1, a composite revetment 10 is shown with an upper stone layer 12 z. B. size class II for water building blocks. Below that is another layer 14 of hydraulic blocks of size class I. Between the layers there is a geotextile grid 16 with a mesh size of approximately 10 × 10 mm. Below the lower revetment layer 14 , a coarse filter layer and a fine filter layer below it can be arranged.

With the aid of a suitable lance or the like, a metered amount of liquid concrete is injected into gaps between stones of the upper revetment layer 16 under pressure. This is shown at 18 in several places in FIG . In Fig. 1, the points at which a concrete injection follows, are shown relatively close together. In reality, they may be further apart. The concrete used is relatively easy to flow under pressure or when shear forces develop, ie as long as it flows, so that it can penetrate into the gaps between the stones and be distributed. However, if it comes to rest, it develops a relatively high viscosity, as a result of which the concrete does not diverge sideways, but remains together as lumps adhering to the stones, as can be seen in FIG . In this way, individual blocks 20 are formed from interlocked stones after hardening of the concrete. The blocks bring about an extraordinarily high positional stability of the revetment, but on the other hand enable the stones to be fixed between the blocks 20 .

As can also be seen from FIG. 1, the concrete penetrates through the geotextile grid 16 into the lower layer 14 , so that a firm bond between the upper and the lower layer is provided, which increases the stability of the entire revetment.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, a device 22 is shown, may be injected with the same spaced at several points in a concrete revetment, as with reference to FIG. 1 described above. Lances 26 are attached below a plate 24 . The attachment of the lances 26 is not described in detail. Valves 28 are arranged on the plate 24 , specifically immediately above a lance 26 . The valves 28 are actuated by hydraulic actuation devices 30 . The hydraulic actuation devices 30 are controlled via a control distributor 32 , which is arranged below a plate 34 which is clamped to the plate 24 , specifically via tie rods 36 . Between the plates 34 there is a jacket 38 which seals the space between the plates 24 , 34 .

A pressure accumulator 40 for the hydraulic actuation of the devices 30 is arranged above the plate 34 . The device 22 is suspended from a head 42 and can be pivoted accordingly. The suspension takes place e.g. B. on a boom of an excavator or a crane.

From Fig. 3 it appears that ten lances 26 are provided, which are arranged in a predetermined grid. The valves 28 can be closed on a common concrete line, and specifically via nozzle 44 of the valves 28 . Through the line, concrete can constantly flow under pressure, and by a corresponding control of a valve 28 , the associated lance 26 is supplied. Vorzugswei se, the valves 28 are opened one after the other in order to provide the necessary pressure for injecting the concrete. The lances 26 have an automatic closure at the lower end, which closes when concrete is no longer supplied under pressure. This prevents running on. The actuation of the valves 28 allows a targeted metering of the amount of concrete delivered via the respective lance 26 .

In Figs. 4 and 5, a body of water 50 indicated with a sole 52 and is intended to indicate a slope 54 which ge with a revetment Mäss to FIG. 1. A catamaran pontoon 56 has two parallel tracks 58 that guide a boom 60 . On the boom z. B. a device according to Fig. 2 or 3, as indicated at 22a in Fig. 4. The dotted drawing of the device 22 a in FIG. 4 shows that it can be moved along the arm 60 . As a result, the device 22 a can be brought with its lances to an arbitrary location of the sole 52 and the embankment 54 . Before moving the device 22 a, either the boom 60 is to be raised completely or the lances are height-adjustable accordingly, so that the lances can then plunge into corresponding gaps in the revetment at the next location.

In Fig. 6 a device 22 b according to the device 22 or 22 a to FIGS. 2 to 4 from above, wherein the valves are indicated by circuits 28 b. One can see a hairpin-shaped line 62 with an inlet end 64 and an outlet end 66 , the device with a Betonzuführvorrich, z. B. a concrete pump are connected. From Fig. 6 also shows the grid in which the lances 26 b are arranged. It is formed by equilateral triangles 68 ge. In Fig. 7, two devices 22 c, 22 d are shown side by side, which are constructed approximately according to the device 22 b or 22 according to FIGS. 6 or 2. The structure is therefore no longer discussed in detail. At the top of the devices 22 c, 22 d guide rails 70 , 72 are attached, which are displaceable in guides (not visible) under half a plate 74 . The shift takes place with the help of hydraulic adjusting drives, not shown. The plate 74 is attached to a boom of a suitable conveyor ge, for example a crane or an excavator. The devices can be successively used, so that the revetment can be clamped continuously. A concrete feed line 62 b extends in a loop through both devices 22 c, 22 d, they are therefore together, for. B. supplied by a concrete pump.

In Fig. 10 the operation of the device according to Fig. 7 is interpreted. FIG. 10a shows the first device, such as 22c in the working position and the second, z. B. 22d, at rest position. Fig. 10b now shows the second device in the working position, while the first device is repositioned. This can be seen from the new position of the guide rail 72 . In Fig. 10c, the first device is again in the working position, while the second is positioned.

Fig. 8 shows schematically a complete system for clinging a revetment of an embankment or a bottom of a body of water according to the method described above. A catamaran pontoon 74 supports a crane runway 76 for a crane 78 , which has a jib 80 , between the parallel floating bodies. On the boom 80 is about the order attached, as shown in Fig. 7. By moving the crane 78 along the path 76 , the method of the path 76 parallel to itself on the pon ton 74 and by the adjustment options in the device according to FIG. 7, the injection of concrete in the revetment in the manner described above can be done in any way Way. A concrete line 82 runs along a long side of the pontoon 74 and has sections 84 and 86 on both transverse sides of the pontoon 74 , the ends of which end at a leveling pontoon 88 and 89 , respectively. A Ge joint line 90 connects the concrete line 82 to the crane 76 for supplying the injection device, as described above.

On another float 92 , which can attach to an equal spontaneous 88 , 89 , silos 94 for fly ash and silos 96 for cement are arranged, which are connected via corresponding lines to a metering device 98 , which in turn is connected to a mixer 100 . Furthermore, a reservoir 102 for additives is provided, which is also connected to the mixer 100 . Below the mixer is a concrete pump (not shown), which is connected to the concrete line 82 via a line, also not shown. As can be seen, a connection of the concrete pump to both ends of the pontoon 74 is possible. Finally, an operating station 104 is located on the float 92 .

The material can be brought up with the help of a barge 106 and filled with the help of an excavator 108 on the float 92 into the suitable storage containers.

The structure of the device according to FIG. 7 can be seen more clearly in FIG. 9. You can see a positioning bar 110 , the z. B. a crane can be attached, as shown in Fig. 8. On the beam 110 guides 112 , 114 are attached, on which in turn hydraulic cylinders 116 , 118 are attached, the piston rod of which can be connected to a guide rail, for example the guide rails 70 , 72 according to FIG. 7, for adjusting the rails in the guides 112 , 114 and thus both devices 22 e.

On the underside of the guides 112 , 114 , a portal 120 or 122 is arranged, the supports of which form guides for the plate 124 , on which the lances 26 e are attached in the manner described above. Posts 128 are attached to the plate 124 at the corners and are connected by a strut 130 . The strut extends through the guide of the portal 120 and is actuated with the aid of adjusting cylinders (not shown). This allows the height of the unit consisting of plate 124 and lances 26 e to be adjusted.

The valves are located on plate 124 , but only a few of them are shown, as shown at 28e. The valves are actuated in the manner described above. The guidance of the concrete line 62 e corresponds to that of FIG. 7.

With the help of the precautions shown in FIG. 9, the lance arrangements can therefore be moved relative to one another and adjusted in height in order to carry out the injection in the manner in which he was explained with reference to FIG. 10.

One or more flushing nozzles (not shown) can also be arranged on the underside of the plate 124 , which are connected to a pressurized water line (not shown) in order to generate a flushing jet which flushes the revetment first before the concrete injection takes place .

Claims (18)

1. A method for manufacturing a revetment (10) from bulk stones, in particular as Sohl- or escarpment securement in hydraulic engineering, in which the threaded revetment (10) locally limited cement mortar is added to the clamping of the stones in limited regions in intervals and
the cement mortar is injected in a metered amount at certain points and spaced into gaps in the revetment ( 10 ) under pressure such that the stones lying one above the other and next to one another are clamped,
characterized in that
the cement mortar used develops good flow properties under pressure or shear, so that it can penetrate and distribute in the gaps between the stones, but which, when such action ceases, when it comes to rest, has a relatively high cohesive force, which means that it does not runs apart to the side, but remains together as clumps adhering to the stones, so that stones lying one above the other and next to one another are clamped into compact individual blocks ( 20 ). 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by an onion-shaped distribution of the concrete in the blocks ( 20 ). 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the concrete several spaced apart points is injected approximately simultaneously. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that before the area in question is rinsed after injecting the concrete. 5. revetment of rubble stones, in particular as a base and embankment protection, manufactured according to one of the methods of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that between a top stone layer ( 12 ) and an underlying stone layer ( 14 ) with a smaller size class a geotextile grid ( 16 ) is arranged and in the area of the individual blocks of stones clamped together in limited areas by means of concrete, the concrete ( 18 ) is at least partially injected through the geotextile grid ( 16 ) into the underlying stone layer ( 14 ) to produce a firm bond between the upper ones ( 12 ) with the lower stone layer ( 14 ). 6. Revetment according to claim 5, characterized in that the stones of the upper layer ( 12 ) of size class II and that of the lower layer ( 14 ) of size class I correspond. 7. Revetment according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the mesh width of the geotextile grid ( 16 ) is approximately 10 × 10 mm. 8. Arranged on a movable device for the production of a revetment from pouring stones, in particular as a bottom and embankment protection in hydraulic engineering, with at least one lance ( 26 , 26 a to 26 e) for injecting liquid concrete into the revetment, which is from a source for Liquid concrete is supplied, characterized in that several lances ( 26 , 26 a to 26 e) are arranged in a predetermined grid on a supporting body ( 24 , 24 a to 24 e) for injecting the liquid concrete into the revetment, immediately above each lance ( 26 , 26 a to 26 e) a controllable valve ( 28 , 28 a to 28 e) is arranged, which has a remotely controllable actuating device ( 30 ), the controllable valves ( 28 , 28 a to 28 e) with a common feed and Return line ( 62 , 62 c) are connected, wherein the feed and return line ( 62 c, 62 e) can continuously flow liquid concrete under pressure, which via flexible lines ( 64 e, 66 e) is fed to the source 9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the lances ( 26 , 26 a to 26 e) are telescopic. 10. The device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the lances ( 26 , 26 a to 26 e) have an automatic closure at the lower end. 11. The device according to claim 8 to 10, characterized in that the valves ( 28 , 28 a to 28 e), their actuating device ( 30 ) and the Steuerverteilvor direction are arranged in a waterproof housing. 12. Device according to one of claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the lances ( 26 , 26 a to 26 e) are attached to a support plate ( 24 , 124 ) on which the valves ( 28 , 28 e) are arranged. 13. Device according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that two support bodies are provided, each of which is movable approximately vertically or parallel to the lances ( 26 e) along a first guide ( 120 ) and the first guide along the second Guides ( 112 , 114 ) can be moved approximately horizontally or approximately perpendicular to the lances ( 26 e) and Verstellvor directions ( 116 , 118 ) are provided between the supporting bodies and the first guide and between the first and second guides. 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the second Füh stanchions ( 112 , 114 ) on the extension arm ( 80 ) of a conveyor, preferably a crane ( 78 ), are attached. 15. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that a parallel to itself traversable track ( 76 ) is arranged on a catamaran pontoon ( 74 ) and the conveyor ( 78 ) on the track ( 76 ) is movable. 16. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that on the pontoon (74), a concrete conduit (82) is mounted, which is connectable at both ends of the pontoon (74) to the source. 17. The apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that on a separate floating body ( 92 ) silos ( 94 , 96 ) for the concrete raw material, a metering device ( 98 ), a storage container ( 102 ) for additives, a mixing device ( 100 ) and a concrete pump are arranged. 18. Device according to one of claims 8 to 17, characterized in that a rinsing device is assigned to the lance or the supporting body.