DE19519741A1 - Stacker crane sensor system - Google Patents
Stacker crane sensor systemInfo
- Publication number
- DE19519741A1 DE19519741A1 DE1995119741 DE19519741A DE19519741A1 DE 19519741 A1 DE19519741 A1 DE 19519741A1 DE 1995119741 DE1995119741 DE 1995119741 DE 19519741 A DE19519741 A DE 19519741A DE 19519741 A1 DE19519741 A1 DE 19519741A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- crane
- sensor system
- laser
- distance
- scanning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
- B66C13/04—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack
- B66C13/08—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack for depositing loads in desired attitudes or positions
- B66C13/085—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack for depositing loads in desired attitudes or positions electrical
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
- B66C13/18—Control systems or devices
- B66C13/46—Position indicators for suspended loads or for crane elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
- B66C13/18—Control systems or devices
- B66C13/48—Automatic control of crane drives for producing a single or repeated working cycle; Programme control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C15/00—Safety gear
- B66C15/04—Safety gear for preventing collisions, e.g. between cranes or trolleys operating on the same track
- B66C15/045—Safety gear for preventing collisions, e.g. between cranes or trolleys operating on the same track electrical
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Sensorik für einen Kran, insbesondere einen schienengebundenen Stapelkran oder Brückenkran, der in einen Container-Stapelplatz betreibbar ist.The invention relates to a sensor system for a crane, in particular a rail-bound stacking crane or Bridge crane that can be operated in a container stacking area is.
In zunehmendem Maße wird die Forderung gestellt, den Kranbe trieb weitgehend zu automatisieren. Hierzu ist es erforder lich, die Positionen des Krans und die Verteilung der Contai ner möglichst genau zu erfassen. Es ist bekannt, für derar tige Vermessungen Lasersysteme vorzusehen.The demand is increasing, the crane largely automated. It is necessary for this Lich, the positions of the crane and the distribution of the container ner as accurately as possible. It is known for derar provision of laser systems.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, die Ge nauigkeit der Abtastung zu verbessern.The object of the present invention is the Ge improve the accuracy of the scanning.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch mindestens einen Abtastlaser gelöst, bei dem der Abtastwinkel in der Abtastebene von der Distanz eines Kranteils zum abgetasteten Container abhängig gemacht ist.This task is solved by at least one scanning laser, at which the scanning angle in the scanning plane depends on the distance of a crane component made dependent on the scanned container is.
Auf diese Weise ist z. B. eine schnelle und präzise Erkennung des Stapelprofils der Container möglich. Ferner können mit einem derartigen System alle Echtzeitveränderungen des Con tainerprofils nach jeder Bewegung eines Containers erfaßt werden. Weiterhin kann mit diesem Lasersystem die Anwesenheit von automatischen Fahrzeugen in den Fahrspuren neben dem Con tainerstapelplatz erkannt werden. Ferner können durch ein derartiges Vermessungssystem Abweichungen der gemessenen Sta pelplatzhöhe zu intern gespeicherten Datenbankaufstellungen über die Belegung des Stapelplatzes gewonnen und Störmeldun gen abgegeben werden. In this way, e.g. B. a quick and precise detection of the stacking profile of the containers. You can also use such a system all real-time changes of the Con tainer profile after every movement of a container will. Furthermore, the presence can be with this laser system of automatic vehicles in the lanes next to the Con tainer stacks are recognized. Furthermore, by a such measurement system deviations of the measured Sta height of the parking space for internally stored database statements won over the occupancy of the stacking place and fault notification be given.
Zur Messung der Distanz zwischen Kran und Container kann der Abtastlaser und/oder ein zusätzlicher Laser vorgesehen werden und die beiden Lasersignale miteinander verknüpft werden.To measure the distance between crane and container, the Scanning lasers and / or an additional laser can be provided and the two laser signals are linked together.
Als Abtastlaser kann ein Laser mit oszillierendem Spiegel und einstellbaren Abtastwinkeln vorgesehen sein, wo bei gegebenenfalls der Abtastwinkel durch einen motorgesteu erten Drehtisch zusätzlich veränderbar sein kann.A laser with an oscillating Mirrors and adjustable scanning angles can be provided where if necessary the scanning angle by a motor control The rotary table can also be changed.
Mit einem derartigen Lasersystem kann man den Freiraum für die optimale Fahrwegplanung genau bestimmen.With such a laser system you can have the freedom for determine the optimal route planning precisely.
Im Rahmen einer derartigen Sensorik ist es gegebenenfalls von Vorteil, einen zusätzlichen Laser zum Messen der Distanz zwischen einer festen Bezugskante am Kran und einer verfahr baren Laufkatze vorzusehen.In the context of such a sensor system, it may be from Advantage, an additional laser to measure the distance between a fixed reference edge on the crane and a traverse provided trolley.
Weiterhin kann es günstig sein, zusätzliche Laser zum Messen der Distanz zwischen Laufkatze (Trolley) und Greifvorrichtung (Spreader) für die Container vorzusehen.It may also be beneficial to use additional lasers to measure the distance between the trolley and the gripping device (Spreader) for the container.
Ein weiterer Einsatz der Lasersensorik ist auch möglich zum Erfassen der Containertopografie.A further use of laser sensors is also possible for Capture the container topography.
Zur Kollisionserkennung und zum Steuern des Sanftabsatzes der Greifvorrichtung können weitere Sensoren verwendet werden, die insbesondere auf Ultraschallbasis arbeiten.For collision detection and for controlling the smooth sales of the Gripping device, additional sensors can be used who work especially on ultrasound.
Zusätzlich können zur Feinpositionierung der Greifvorrichtung des Krans über dem Ziel zusätzlich mit einem Bildauswertesy stem zusammenarbeitende Kameras vorgesehen sein. Diese zu sätzlichen Kameras können auch dazu dienen, Grundmarkierungen auf dem Stapelplatz zu erkennen und die Beladung entsprechend zu steuern. In addition, for fine positioning of the gripping device of the crane above the target with an image evaluation system stem cooperating cameras may be provided. This too Additional cameras can also serve basic markings recognizable on the stacking place and the loading accordingly to control.
Anhand eines in der Zeichnung ausgeführten Beispiels sei die Erfindung näher erläutert; es zeigen:Using an example shown in the drawing Invention explained in more detail; show it:
Fig. 1 das Beladungsprofil in einer Containerreihe, während eines Lernzyklus, Fig. 1 shows the loading profile in a container row, during a learning cycle,
Fig. 2 die ständige Abtastung des Profils durch den Laser strahl, Figure 2 shows the steady scan of the profile beam. By the laser,
Fig. 3 die Anpassung des Abtastwinkels, entsprechend der Distanz zwischen Kran und Containerstapel, Fig. 3, the adjustment of the scanning angle, corresponding to the distance between the crane and container stacks,
Fig. 4 die zusätzliche Vermessung der Position der Lauf katze und der Greifvorrichtung, Fig. 4 cat, the additional measurement of the position of the load and the gripping device,
Fig. 5 die Abtastwege bei dem Abtasten eines Stapelprofils, Fig. 5, the scan paths in the sensing of a stacking profile,
Fig. 6 die Berücksichtigung der Höhe der Container, Fig. 6, the account of the height of the containers,
Fig. 7 die Abtastung eines gesamten Stapelplatzes mit mehre ren Reihen von Containern, Fig. 7, the scan of an entire stack space with several ren rows of containers,
Fig. 8 Einzelheiten der Greifvorrichtung, Fig. 8 shows details of the gripping device,
Fig. 9 die Anordnung von Reflektoren auf automatischen Be ladungswagen (AVG), Fig. 9 shows the arrangement of reflectors on automatic loading cargo carriage (AVG),
Fig. 10 Maßnahmen zur Erfassung der Ausrichtung der Container relativ zum automatisch gesteuerten Ladefahrzeug, Fig. 10 measures for detecting the orientation of the container relative to the controlled automatically loading vehicle,
Fig. 11 den Einsatz von berührungslosen Gebern auf Ultra schallbasis zum Kollisionsschutz, Fig. 11 shows the use of non-contact sensors on ultrasound basis for collision protection,
Fig. 12 Verfahrwege in einer Containerreihe und Fig. 12 travels in a row of containers and
Fig. 13 Gesamtsystem-Zusammenwirkung zwischen Abtastlaser und Kameras. Fig. 13 Overall system interaction between scanning lasers and cameras.
Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich, wird über eine Reihe von nebenein andergestapelten Containern 1 ein auf einer Katze (2) eines Krans angeordneter Laser 5 in X-Richtung geführt. Gleichzei tig wird der Strahl des Abtastlasers 5 in der dazu senkrech ten Ebene um einen Abtastwinkel α bewegt. Durch die Bewegung in X-Richtung und durch die Abtastbewegung ergibt sich die in Fig. 1 gestrichelt dargestellte Linie 4 bei der Abtastung des Containerprofils. Gleichzeitig wird mit diesen 2-D Abtastlaser 5 auch die Distanz in Z-Richtung, d. h. die verti kale Distanz zwischen Laser 5 und jeweiligem Container 1 er faßt. As can be seen from FIG. 1, a laser 5 arranged on a trolley ( 2 ) of a crane is guided in the X direction over a row of containers 1 stacked next to one another. At the same time, the beam of the scanning laser 5 is moved in the perpendicular plane by a scanning angle α. The movement in the X direction and the scanning movement result in the line 4 shown in dashed lines in FIG. 1 when the container profile is scanned. At the same time with this 2-D scanning laser 5 , the distance in the Z direction, ie the vertical distance between the laser 5 and the respective container 1, it summarizes.
In der Lernphase genügt es, einen Ausschnitt der Container abzutasten, um sich zu vergewissern, daß die tatsächliche Containeranordnung mit der vorher gespeicherten Containeran ordnung übereinstimmt. Dieser Vorgang kann relativ rasch vor genommen werden.In the learning phase, it is sufficient to cut out a section of the container to make sure that the actual Container arrangement with the previously saved container order matches. This can happen fairly quickly be taken.
Wie Fig. 2 zeigt, wird während des Betriebes die gesamte Con tainerbreite abgetastet. Damit ergibt sich die in Fig. 2 mit den einzelnen Abtastpunkten 5 dargestellte Abtastung der ein zelnen Container 1. Auch hier kann der Abtastlaser 5 zum Mes sen der Distanz in Z-Richtung eingesetzt werden.As shown in FIG. 2, the entire Con tainerbreite is sensed during operation. This results in the scanning of the individual container 1 shown in FIG. 2 with the individual sampling points 5 . Here too, the scanning laser 5 can be used to measure the distance in the Z direction.
Fig. 3 zeigt die Berücksichtigung des Abstandes zwischen der Laufkatze 2 mit Laser 5 und dem Stapel aus den Containern 1. Um jeweils die größte Genauigkeit zu erhalten, wird der Abtastwinkel α der Entfernung zwischen dem Stapel aus Container 1 und dem Laser 5 angepaßt. Wie ohne weiteres aus der Fig. ersichtlich, wird der Abtastwinkel immer größer werden, je geringer die Distanz zwischen Laser und Stapel wird und umgekehrt. Damit ist gesichert, daß nicht unnötig viele Abtastpunkte dort hingelegt werden, wo für die Contai nererfassung keine nutzbare Information gewonnen werden kann. Fig. 3 shows the consideration of the distance between the trolley 2 with the laser 5 and the stack of the containers. 1 In order to obtain the greatest accuracy in each case, the scanning angle α is adapted to the distance between the stack of container 1 and the laser 5 . As can easily be seen from the figure, the scanning angle will become larger the smaller the distance between the laser and the stack and vice versa. This ensures that unnecessarily many sample points are not placed where no usable information can be obtained for the container detection.
Wie aus Fig. 4 ersichtlich, kann zusätzlich zu dem geschilder ten zweidimensionalen Abtastlaser 5 auch noch ein weiterer Di stanzlaser 8 vorgesehen sein, der lediglich die Distanz zwi schen Katze 2 und Container 1 erfaßt. Das gleichzeitige Vor handensein der beiden Laser hat zum einen den Vorteil, daß die beiden Meßwerte koordiniert werden können und auch zum anderen den Vorteil, daß von beliebiger Seite die Container stapelplätze beschickt werden können.As can be seen from FIG. 4, in addition to the two-dimensional scanning laser 5 described , a further punch laser 8 can also be provided, which only detects the distance between the cat's 2 and container 1 . The simultaneous presence of the two lasers has the advantage on the one hand that the two measured values can be coordinated and on the other hand the advantage that the containers can be stacked from any side.
Wie aus der Fig. 4 ferner ersichtlich, ist zusätzlich zu den bereits genannten Lasermeßsystemen ein Lasersensor 16 vorge sehen, mit dem der Abstand a zwischen der festen Bezugskante 14 am Kran und der Laufkatze 2 erfaßbar ist. As can also be seen from FIG. 4, in addition to the laser measurement systems already mentioned, a laser sensor 16 is provided, with which the distance a between the fixed reference edge 14 on the crane and the trolley 2 can be detected.
Ferner ist auch noch eine Lasersensorik 17 vorgesehen, mit der der variable Abstand b zwischen Laufkatze 2 und Greifvor richtung 7 (Spreader) erfaßbar ist.Furthermore, a laser sensor system 17 is also provided, with which the variable distance b between trolley 2 and Greifvor direction 7 (spreader) can be detected.
Wie aus Fig. 5 ersichtlich, ergibt sich aus der Bewegung in der Abtastebene und der Bewegung der Katze 2 die insgesamt gestrichelt gezeichnete Abtastung 5 des Stapels von Containern 1. Erfaßt kann damit auch die Länge der Container werden.As can be seen from FIG. 5, the movement in the scanning plane and the movement of the cat 2 result in the scanning 5 of the stack of containers 1, shown in dashed lines. The length of the containers can also be recorded.
Fig. 6 zeigt, daß während des Abtastvorganges, der z. B. aus 2000 Abtastpunkten bestehen kann durch Linearverbindung der Meßpunkte und Kantenerkennung eine Identifikation der Container möglich ist. Fig. 6 shows that during the scanning process, the z. B. consist of 2000 sampling points can identify the containers by linear connection of the measuring points and edge detection.
Wie aus Fig. 7 ersichtlich, können auch gegebenenfalls sämtli che Reihen 8 von Containern 1 durch entsprechendes Abfahren erfaßt werden. Hierzu wird zusätzlich das Brückenfahrwerk verfahren.As can be seen from FIG. 7, if necessary, all rows 8 of containers 1 can also be grasped by appropriate descent. For this purpose, the bridge undercarriage is also moved.
Wie aus Fig. 8 ersichtlich, ist an der Greifvorrichtung 7 eine optische Kameraanordnung angeordnet. Diese Kameraanordnung besteht aus vier Kameras 9 mit Strahler 10, die an den vier Ecken der Greifvorrichtung 7 befestigt sind. Diese Kameras 9 dienen in Verbindung mit einem Bildauswertesystem zur Feinpo sitionierung. Weiterhin sind der Greifvorrichtung 7 noch meh rere Ultraschallsensoren 11 zugeordnet, die ebenfalls zur Feinpositionierung und zur Kollisionsverhinderung dienen.As can be seen from FIG. 8, an optical camera arrangement is arranged on the gripping device 7 . This camera arrangement consists of four cameras 9 with spotlights 10 , which are attached to the four corners of the gripping device 7 . These cameras 9 are used in conjunction with an image evaluation system for fine positioning. Furthermore, the gripping device 7 is associated with several ultrasonic sensors 11 , which are also used for fine positioning and for collision prevention.
Gegebenenfalls kann es auch wichtig sein, zu erkennen, wie der zu beladende Wagen 6 steht und wie lang der Container ist. Hierzu können z. B. auch dem fahrbaren Fahrzeug 6 zusätz liche Reflektionsmarken 12, 13 angebracht werden. Die vier Kameras 9 erfassen dann sowohl gegebenenfalls die vier Marken 12 an den Eckpunkten des Wagens 6 (AVG) als auch die in der Mitte vorgesehenen Reflektoren 13. Je nachdem wie viele davon überdeckt sind, kann erkannt werden, wie der Beladungszustand des Fahrzeuges ist und wie lang gegebenenfalls der Container ist.It may also be important to recognize how the cart 6 to be loaded is standing and how long the container is. For this purpose, e.g. B. the mobile vehicle 6 additional Liche reflection marks 12 , 13 are attached. The four cameras 9 then record both the four marks 12 at the corner points of the carriage 6 (AVG) and the reflectors 13 provided in the middle. Depending on how many of them are covered, it can be seen how the vehicle is loaded and how long the container may be.
Wie aus Fig. 10 ersichtlich, wird mit den Kameras 9 gegebenen falls auch eine Korrektur ausgeführt, falls die Achsen des zu beladenden Wagens oder des Containers 1 und der Greifvorrich tung 7 nicht übereinstimmen.As can be seen from Fig. 10, with the cameras 9 , if necessary, a correction is also carried out if the axes of the wagon to be loaded or the container 1 and the gripping device 7 do not match.
Fig. 11 läßt noch erkennen, wie die einzelnen Sensoren auf Ul traschallbasis angeordnet sind. Fig. 11 still shows how the individual sensors are arranged on the basis of ultrasound.
In Fig. 12 ist der Kran 15 mit der Laufkatze 7 gezeigt. Die Laufkatze 7 ist in der gezeigten Ebene verfahrbar, zusätzlich ist auch noch der Gesamtkran senkrecht zu dieser Ebene ver fahrbar. Mit 18 sind mögliche Verfahrwege der Container 1 an gedeutet.The crane 15 with the trolley 7 is shown in FIG . The trolley 7 can be moved in the plane shown, in addition, the entire crane can also be moved vertically to this plane. With 18 possible travel paths of the container 1 are indicated.
Claims (9)
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DE1995119741 DE19519741A1 (en) | 1995-06-02 | 1995-06-02 | Stacker crane sensor system |
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DE1995119741 DE19519741A1 (en) | 1995-06-02 | 1995-06-02 | Stacker crane sensor system |
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Cited By (37)
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EP0985630A1 (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 2000-03-15 | Telerob Gesellschaft für Fernhantierungsstechnik mbH | Method and device for determining the load profile during loading and unloading of containers |
US6124932A (en) * | 1996-04-10 | 2000-09-26 | Tax; Hans | Method for target-path correction of a load carrier and target-detection device and directional beam-emitting unit for performance of said method |
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