DE1950429A1 - Device for bringing a ship into a dry dock - Google Patents

Description

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Eriksbergs Mek. Verkstads Aktiebolag, Gothenburg (Sweden)

Device for bringing in a ship in a dry dock.

When docking and building very large ships, there is one very significant problem in the extremely high cost, which is necessary for the construction and construction of a dry dock is whose dimensions are sufficient to also accommodate ships to be able to accommodate from 200,000 to 500,000 tons. In many cases, there is simply not enough space to build new docks or even to expand existing docking facilities, although there is often the option of using existing ones To widen dock facilities to the required extent without major difficulties.

So the problem is to build big ships and to dock, the length of which is greater than the length of the existing one Docks. In this context, it has already been suggested that to build the ships in sections and then to lower them into the water and weld them together there.

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With this method, however, there are certain disadvantages, must be performed underwater as part of the welding work. It is also difficult to identify the individual To match parts of the ship so precisely that they fit together without any problems during assembly can be attached. In addition, this proposal only solves one half of the existing problem, since after as before larger ships still cannot be docked for repair and overhaul work.

The invention now relates to a device with the help of which a ship can also be put on dry dock if the available space is smaller than the length of the ship, which is then arranged in the dock that a through a flat bottom and two essentially perpendicular to it Sides with a rounded transition between these two (Bilge) formed area of the ship enclosed by the dock entrance is, which in turn has two on the side walls of the Has swing gates attached to docks. .

The essential feature of the invention is that a threshold extending between the two swing gates over the entrance is provided on the floor of the dock, which is provided on its upper edge with suitable sealing means, and that on the ship and / or on the swing gates wedge-shaped Elements are attached, each so attached to the ship sides. are fitted, that it to between the bilge, a perpendicular

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and fill in a horizontal free space, where it is with this vertical and this horizontal each is about imaginary lines extending in the extension of the ship's side plate and the "ship's bottom".

The invention is hereinafter based on an exemplary embodiment an inventive device for building large ships explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. It show ■

Figures 1 to 3 each have a schematic longitudinal section

an inventive dry dock, in which during the various phases of the Shipbuilding different parts of a ship are located;

FIG. 4- a plan view of the docking system according to FIG. 3; FIG. 5 shows a plan view on an enlarged scale. ·· .-: ■.,. looks at the dock entrance and its gates, ... as well as that part of the ship that

is outside the dock;

Figure 6 shows a section along the line VI-VI of the figure -.-: .., -: ■ -: -.- .5; - .., =, '. . ■. '. , Figua? 7 · '-. · ...- ..one shown on an even larger scale. ■; ·,;. ,. , te side view of a sealing box that ■ 3: · ί. ;,. ■:;.: ■; .- at the lower edge of the side paneling of a ■; , ■ - ■ -. Ship is attached and Figure 8 is a section along the line VIlI-VIII of

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Figure 7.

The drawings show a dry dock, of which three sides are formed by the walls 2. At the bottom of the A threshold 4 is provided at the entrance 3 to the dock. whose corresponding (not shown) sealing elements are located on the upper edge. In recesses 5 in the sides of the dock

™ are two swing gates directly in the area of threshold 4 6 attached, which can be pivoted about vertical pivot axes 7 are and provided with appropriate sealing elements on the vertical edge opposite the pivoting edges are. In addition, the dock also has a floating dock door S of conventional design, with which, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the entrance 3 is sealed off can be «if or as long as the dock for ships or Ship parts of such a length is needed that this

A total of space in the dock.

During a first phase (Figure 1) of the construction work first ship section, for example the stern 9, built in the dock. As soon as this part of the ship is finished is, he is brought out of the dock and pulled to an expansion quay, where the installation of the propulsion engines, the pumps and the other components as well as the attachment of the other structures takes place. At the same time the second can Part of the ship, for example the fore ship 10 which can be attached directly to the aft ship 9, can be built in the dock.

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As soon as this part of the ship is finished, it will be turned again brought out of the dock, and it then becomes the stern 9, and then only built the fore part 10 back into the dock so that it can be assembled in it can be. The front part of the ship is then in a suitable position with respect to the dock found that a corresponding number of chambers are filled with ballast water. Part of the fore now protrudes derschiffes still out of this via the dock entrance 3 (see Figure 3). This protruding part of the fore ship is now to be used in such a way that an equilibrium is achieved with respect to the part of the ship located within the dock will. The upward moment required is for example by the one located at the front end; Tanks achieved, while the rest outside the dock entrance located cargo tanks are flooded. In such cases, in where there is a big difference between ebb and tide water level (or if the part of the The ship is comparatively long, is below the ship a support 11 is attached, which in turn rests on a base 12 on the sea bed located outside the dock. This support device 11 can be a permanently present support device or it can Also as a kind of swimming pool or the like. Be designed, the can be weighted with water ballast as soon as it is in the required position, and from which the water after the brew is emptied again so that it can then

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can be towed again. Naturally there is also the Possibility of providing several such support devices in a row outside the dock.

Once the fore ship 10 is in the dock, it's ready for assembly required position and has been sufficiently weighted with ballast that its bottom 13 is safely on the im When the blocks are located in the dock, the threshold 4 is brought into "sealing contact with the ship's bottom. This can either with the help of mechanical means that raise at least the upper edge of the threshold so far that they are at the ship's underside or on the ship's bottom comes to the plant, or it happens under the action of the weight of the Ship through which a sealing element located on the sleeper 4 is compressed.

Next, the swing gates 6 are then about their pivot axes 7 pivoted in the direction of the ship that they get sealing on the side plates 14 of the same to the plant. The threshold is made so wide that the swing wing gate also assume different angular positions in this respect can, as is necessary, in order to moor ships of different widths sealingly on the sides, without that the sealing system with the threshold is lost.

These swing gates 6 can be designed in such a way that that their μηΐβΓβη marginal edges in the rounded part of the ship,

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namely the bilge, at the junction between the side panels 14 and the bottom 13 are formed accordingly. Another option is to go to every bilge a sealing box 15 to be attached. One side 16 of such a box is designed in such a way that it conforms to the outline and corresponds exactly to the curvature of the bilge. The two remaining sides 17 and 18 of the box are preferably vertical arranged to each other, the side wall 17 such is designed that it is a direct extension of the vertical side paneling 14 of the ship following the Bilge forms. The other side wall of the sealing box 15 is to be brought into contact with the threshold 4. When docking of the ship is the sealing box 15 in the desired Position held that the upper edge of the side wall 17 of the same with the side panel 14 of the ship is connected for example by a weld 19. The lower part of the sealing box is attached to the ship by a Part of the bilge keel 20 located on the ship is held detachably and has essentially the same length as the sealing box. The keel engages in recesses 21, which in turn are provided in sealing elements 22, which are arranged between the gable walls 23 of the box; . In addition, when docking, the bilge keel also holds and supports the box in the longitudinal direction and against it the pressure exerted by the water. The upper fortification, i.e. the weld seam 19 provided on the die box 15 is located above the waterline so that the sweat

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Seam fastening can be solved without further action as soon as the Sealing box is to be removed.

After closing the swing gates 6, the water is out pumped out of the dock, at the same time the stern 9 is aligned in such a way that it is exactly that position occupies, which is required for welding on the fore ship. Should be in the adjustment of the stern with the exact matching of the parts to be welded together Edge edges cause difficulties, a separate one can be installed between the fore and aft aisle Part can be installed, through which a compensation is created for any deviations that may occur.

After the individual · parts of the ship are connected to each other are and the ship can now be towed out of the dock, it is stabilized in such a way that it can stay as long as possible does not rise from its supports until the water level in the dock is sufficiently high. Then the water is turned off the various chambers pumped out to the extent necessary is. so that the ship stands out from its supports and

- * The ship can then be towed out of the dock cn

^ - be. The sealing boxes can then be connected to this ^ can be removed in the manner explained above.

Of course, it is not absolutely necessary to work exactly according to the plan described above, as this is the case is only an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

For example, the individual parts of the ship can be built entirely or partially using the conventional method on a slipway, so that only the individual parts are then assembled in the dock. In addition, the ship can also consist of more than two, namely, for example, three parts, similar to the fore ship, the central ship and the aft ship, which are then assembled in two steps . will. If there are enough supporting devices 11 outside the dock for the part of the ship protruding from the dock to fall, a ship can also be composed of more than three parts. Thus, there are no limits to the length of a ship to be built or repaired, although naturally a certain limiting factor is given by the width of a dock. In the '. The embodiment shown and described in the drawings is furthermore not limited to the construction of ships, but can also be used for repair work to be carried out on the ships, provided that such ships are longer than the space available for this within the docks. Furthermore, there is also the possibility, the inventive method also in already existing Dockbauanlagen applies that is even sufficiently large _f accommodate the whole ship within the Dockschleusen, where, however, for example, results in the need for the construction of a ship part, also a second vessel to To put repair work on sock. In such a case, in the dock between the ship part currently under construction and the

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part of the other ship that has moved into the dock Partition wall erected, and then the dock entrance in the ■ sealed manner as described above.

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Claims (8)

- 11 claims Device for bringing a ship into a dry dock in which the available space is smaller than that Length of the ship and the ship is housed in the dock in such a way that a flat floor and two essentially plunged to the ground and over one Rounding (bilge) into the bottom of the formed part of the ship enclosed by the dock entrance will, in turn, with two on the side walls swing gates attached to the dock, characterized in that the floor of the dock * with one located between the two swing gates is provided over the entrance extending threshold, at the upper edge of which there is a suitable sealing device, and that on the ship and / or on the swing gates each wedge-shaped elements in such a way they are intended to fill the space between the bilge and the side of the ship and a vertical and a horizontal imaginary line, which in turn is an extension of the represent the side planks of the ship and the ship floor. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the upper edge of the threshold in this way 009816/1322 can be moved in the right direction so that it can be brought into contact with the ship lying on the dock and the swing gates in a sealing manner. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that there is such a compressible material on the upper edge of the threshold that the ship, when it settles under the action of its own weight on the support blocks located in the dock, with the threshold to a sealing Plant arrives. 4. Device according to one or more of the preceding Claimsν characterized in that the swing gates are attached to vertical pivot axes on the side of the threshold facing the dock and that the The threshold is sufficiently wide so that the swing gates, whose not connected to the longitudinal hinges vertical edges are provided with sealing elements, also laterally on ships of different widths can be brought to the system in a sealing manner without '' the lower edges of the swing gates lose the sealing system on the threshold. 5. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 4 * characterized in that that the wedge-shaped elements are each designed as boxes that are in the level of the dock entrance seen from two essentially perpendicular 009816/1322 standing side walls exist, the outermost edges of which are connected to one another by an arched part, whereby these boxes are each designed in such a way that they adapt to the contour of the bilge exactly, and their ^: side walls are directed so that they each have an extension the lateral ship planks or .. of the ship floor. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the part of the box structure facing the bilge has a recess has, for receiving and holding a part of the bilge keel of the ship and that the box is preferably held on the ship by a welded seam, which is located on the upper edge of its vertical side wall. · ' 7. Device according to one or more of the preceding an ^ - ' Proverbs characterized by at least one outside of the dock lying on its longitudinal extension line, below Support device located in water. 8. The device according to claim 7 »characterized in that each support device consists of a fixed base located on the seabed and a removable floating structure which is fixed in its operating position by filling in ballast. 009816/132 2 ■ ■■ *. ■■■■ Empty soap