DE1948307A1 - Heating system - Google Patents

Description

X, 34-96 JV / Sp,

"Heating system". ■.

The invention relates to a heating system, in particular for supplying heat to a heat exchanger, in which a medium flows, which system includes a reaction vessel with a liquid at the operating temperature Metal or mixture of metals, as well as a first container, contains in which there is an oxidizing agent that is below the liquid in the reaction vessel Heat generation can react chemically in such a way that the Reaction products at or in the reaction vessel

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prevailing temperature and pressure solid and / or liquid are which container is connected to a control valve included in it to at least one closes the feed line connecting the reaction vessel, wherein further a second container with a gas that neither with the liquid in the reaction container nor chemically reacts with the oxidizing agent, is present, which second container is via a line with a The control valve included in it also connects to the supply line.

Heating systems of the type to which the present invention relates are known and offer the advantage that they can supply heat regardless of the environment in which they are installed. In other words, these heating systems supply heat without consuming combustion air and without Release of combustion gases. They are therefore particularly suitable for use on the -. those places where air pollution from combustion gases is not permitted. .

Such heating systems can be used in all devices in which heat is necessary and can be used, for example, for motors in which ai :. Working medium has a circuit between an expansion space with a high temperature and a compression space with a low temperature. Apply heat. Examples of such engines are gas turbine systems and hot gas engines. The supply of heat from the heating system to the engine or the turbine can take place in that

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dor irhitzor the same, dor mostly a pipe heater, ilurrli don the working medium flows through, with the liquid is brought into contact in the reaction vessel can the heat transfer from the Roaktionsbobä 1 tor iMim heater also with the help of a -Why ι transporting Medium, for example with liquid NnK, which reads "all around in a line system!" with the reaction vessel and on the other hand with dom Ki heater is in heat exchange.

In the hot rubbing prevails in the reaction vessel a temperature of, for example, HO (VC.

The metal or mixture of metals in the reaction vessel can by one or more of the metals l.i, (a, Na, K, Mg, Al and / or an odor ineiuei ο the rare lrdmctalle be folnldot. These metals and in particular Combinations of the same offer the advantage of a proportional low melting temperature and a grosi.Ti Heat generation per unit volume.

An example of an oxidizing agent is Togen or a halogen pre-bond, in particular fluorine or a fluorine compound can be used. The uxydative is used fed to the reaction vessel in dosed form, in which the oxidizing agent then with the generation of heat chemically reacts with the liquid metal. In doing so, ia! I: i jalze formed, which are solid and / or liquid.

Fine difficulty with this is it? at the in operation in the reaction vessel * prevailing temperature of about

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** 19A8307

800 " ¹ C, all construction materials that come into consideration for the reaction vessel and the supply lines react with the oxidizing agent, which leads to malfunctions.

The aim of the invention is to provide a solution to this problem, and it is based on the knowledge that, on the one hand, contact between the oxidizing agent and the walls must be avoided as much as possible, while on the other hand those parts like the supply lines, which must necessarily be in contact with the oxidizing agent, at such a low temperature must be maintained that no reaction occurs between the oxidizing agent and those parts.

The heating system according to the invention is for this purpose characterized in that the reaction vessel is facing End of the supply line to one side a duct in a cooled one that conducts heat well Material block connects, whereby the. other side of this channel with a good thermal attached in it Contact with the outflow piece originating from the material block is provided, which is made of a surface layer a material is provided, or is made of a material that is not or almost not moistened by the liquid in the reaction container, the Block of material with the interposition of a heat insulator in an opening was added in the wall of the reaction vessel is further the passage of the outflow piece and the pressure of the oxidizing agent and the gas in the feed

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guide line are chosen such that the flow rate of the oxidizing agent or the gas in the outflow piece is greater than the reaction rate of the oxidizing agent with the metal or the mixture of metals in the reaction vessel, this and that such that the metal does not get into the outflow piece can enter.

This design of the outflow piece the temperature of the same, on the one hand by the cooling, which can for example be water cooling, and on the other hand by the rapid flow of the oxidizing agent and the gas causing cooling is kept so low that the oxidant does not get with the material same reacts.

The rapid flow of the oxidizing agent and the gas also has the consequence that the oxidizing agent is injected into the molten metal so that it practically does not come into contact with the warm walls of the reaction vessel comes.

The fast-flowing mixture of the Oxidizing agent and inert gas to ensure that the metal cannot enter the supply line - in the it coagulate and block the passage in this way would.

The fact that the outflow piece from a Material is produced that is almost not moistened by the liquid in the reaction vessel is avoided, that the liquid, despite the rapid gas flow

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mung, along the ends into the outflow piece creeps, coagulates in it and narrows the passage.

In this way, an extremely reliable heating system is obtained.

According to another favorable embodiment of the inventive heating system, wherein in the reaction vessel Essentially Li and Ca or salts are the same, and in the first container fluorine or a Fluorine compound, for example SF /. is the outflow piece provided with a surface layer of one of the metals tungsten, molybdenum or tantalum or one or more of the carbides, or borides, of these metals, or the outflow piece is made of these metals. These materials have the property that they are almost not moistened by liquid Li and Ca and their salts will. . . ..

This avoids that the narrow outflow piece is possibly located in the supplied gas flow Impurities is shut off, is in a further advantageous embodiment in the channel in the material block or a filter element in the supply line, for example a gauze, arranged with channel passages or. Mesh sizes that are smaller than the passage of the .. Aus.-flow piece.

Another embodiment of the invention Heating system, has the characteristic that a control device is available with which the control valves

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In rinn Jin Jod η dor Zui'ührungslei tungon «I to the chi ics.sonden lines of the first and second container controllable are ι such that * · when the control valve is closed in the line adjoining the first container The counter valve in the line connecting to the second container opens for a short time and then opens immediately «Sanacn closes, with a circulation line with a narrow passage above this last tap, so that a constant stream of inert gas flows from the second container cum reaction container.

In this embodiment, there is a constant flow to β amines with the oxidizing agent stream a small stream of inert gas, which is fed via the circulation line, with.

When the supply tap for the oxidizing agent is closed, the flow rate in the outflow piece suddenly becomes smaller and there is a risk that the reaction rate of the metal with the. Oxidant becomes greater than the outflow velocity, which would mean that the metal enters the outflow piece and in the supply line. To avoid this, the supply tap is opened s for the oxidizer of the tap in the Zuführüngsleitur.fcfür the inert gas a short time when closing. As a result, a large flow of inert gas is supplied for a short time, which drives the oxidizing agent away from the supply line and the outflow piece at high speed. Then the tap in the feed line for the inert

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Gas closed again. The residual flow of the inert gas is now sufficient to prevent metal from entering. It is now only relatively little inert gas to the Reaction container zugefÜhrtj, whereby the advantage obtained becomes that the amount to be removed from it is also inert Gas is small, so that this pumping around of inert gas can take place with relatively little effort can.

In another embodiment, there is a needle valve that can be actuated, preferably electromagnetically, that completely or the passage of the outflow piece can partially shut off. In this embodiment can the position of the needle valve in each case in such a way on the supplied The flow of oxidant can be adjusted so that there is always a high velocity in the valve passage, so that no metal can get in. It is also possible to completely shut off the passage if no oxidizing agent is fed in, so that no inert gas needs to be pumped around.

A complete closure of the flow opening with the help of the needle valve may lead to difficulties because, for example, the valve to the valve seat sticks. To avoid this, the valve will not completely closed, then according to the invention a control device is present, which the control valves in the lines between the feed line and the first or controls the second container in Ciegenphase. When closing

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sen of the feed tap for the oxidizing agent moved the needle valve is in its only slightly open position, so that when the supply valve is opened at the same time for the inert gas will only flow a little inert gas into the reaction vessel. Again, it is avoided that a large stream of inert medium has to be pumped around.

According to a further embodiment, the rush Movements of the needle valve in relation to the movements of the control valve in the one following the first container Line something after. In this way it is achieved that when the feed valve for the oxidizing agent is closed and when the inlet valve for the inert gas is opened, a large flow of inert gas through the outlet piece flows so that the oxidizing agent is driven off. After that, the inert gas flow becomes much smaller.

Although it is possible when using a needle valve to open and close the passage of the outflow piece, the shut-off elements in the supply lines for the oxidizing agent and the inert gas are in phase opposition It has to be controlled so that only the oxidizing agent is fed to the reaction vessel during operation proved to be advantageous, moreover via the control valve in which is connected to the second container Line for inert gas to attach a circulation channel with a narrow passage. That way will always with the oxidant flow a small flow in

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-ΊΟ-

erten gas flow. Surprisingly, this has to do with The result is that less noise occurs during the reaction in the reaction vessel.

It has been found that, under certain circumstances, when the valve is closed, it sticks to the valve seat, making it difficult to open it, while when the valve is open, some metal or salt sometimes deposits on the valve seat, which precipitate can be removed by forcefully pushing the valve onto the seat. As well as for repelling _r of the deposited metal to release a bonded or salt valve parts is a comparatively large force is required, which normally can not supply the solenoid which controls the valve. In order to avoid this problem, in a further advantageous embodiment, in addition to the armature of the actuating electromagnet, another armature is present, which is located between two _; the valve spindle is arranged displaceably, whereby two electromagnets are present, one of which can pull this displaceable armature against the one stop and the other can pull this against the other stop that the valve hits the seat with one push.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below. Show it:

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1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a heating system, which is not dimensioned,

2 shows a schematic, enlarged representation of an outflow piece.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram for control of the gas flow through the flow-out piece according to Fig. 2,

Fig. K is a schematic enlarged view of another embodiment of a Ausströmungsstücks,

Figure 5 is a schemata representation see for controlling the gas flow through the Ausströmungsstück of FIG. H.,

6 shows a further embodiment of the outflow piece according to FIG. K.

In FIG. 1, reference number 1 indicates a reaction vessel in which there is a metal mixture consisting essentially of Li and Ca, which has melted ^{at the operating temperature of about 80O 0 C.} Reference number 2 indicates a first container in which there is a fluorine compound as an oxidizing agent. This first container is provided with a line 3, which connects to a number of supply lines, two of which, 5 and 5 are shown. Each of these feed lines and 5 contains a control valve 6 or 7 and is provided with an outflow piece 8 or 9 on the side facing the reaction vessel.

The heating system further includes a second container 10 in which argon is located. This container closes via lines 11 and 12 with one therein

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recorded control valve 13 and 14 to the supply lines k and 5, respectively. A discharge line 15 for argon, which is provided with a cooler 16 and a compressor 17, which connects to the container 10 with its pressure side, also connects to the reaction container T.

The heat generated in the reaction vessel 1 is transferred to a heater 20 arranged in this vessel only partially shown hot gas motor 21 transferred.

ψ The heater 20 consists of a number of tubes 22, which connect the one hand, to the regenerator 23 and the other hand to an annular channel 2k, as well as of a number of tubes 25 which connect the annular channel 2k to the expansion space. A guide wall 26 designed as a reversing body is attached to the annular channel, in which a pump 27, which is connected to an electric motor 28, can rotate. This pump brings the liquid into the Urals, as indicated by the arrows. The flows

_k liquid through the tubes or 25 arranged in a ring, so that a good heat transfer between the liquid and the tubes is guaranteed _e

This system works as follows: first of all, the metal mass is heated by means of d «.r electric heater 29 and 30 brought to melt. Then by opening the control valves 6 and 7 passed the fluorine compound into the reaction vessel, in. which this bond with the metal while generating heat

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chemically reacts. This prevents liquid metal from penetrating into the outflow pieces 8 and 9, can continuously or in those periods in which the flow of fluorine is too low to avoid penetration through Open the shut-off elements 13 and 14 with the argon stream Fluorine flow are entrained so that a sufficient flow velocity occurs in the outflow pieces, to prevent metal from entering. The argon carried along does not react with the metal and collects at the top in the reaction vessel. With the one in the discharge line 15 The control valve 31 arranged for argon increases the argon pressure kept a certain constant value. This pressure also ensures that the pump 27 works properly, so that a liquid circulation occurs in the container 1 and the liquid give off its heat to the heater tubes 22 and 25, respectively can.

Since the fluorine compound is extremely aggressive, and at higher temperatures with all of them Construction materials reacts, not only the flow velocity in the outflow pieces 8, 9 be high enough to prevent liquid ingress, but the construction of these outflow pieces must also continue to be such that the temperature remains low enough to avoid attack by the fluorine.

In Fig. 2, an outflow piece is shown enlarged. This contains a copper block 4o in which a channel 41 is located. The block kO is surrounded by a metal piece kZ , with between this metal piece k2

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and a cooling jacket 43 is provided to the copper block 40 which are connected by a cooling water supply 44 and a cooling water discharge 45 ·. The channel 41 settles in the metal piece continues and connects to the feed 4 for the fluorine compound and the feed 11 for argon. In channel 41 is a metal gauze 46 arranged. In the channel 41, an outflow piece 47 is fastened with good thermal conductivity. This outflow piece: 47 is made from tungsten. The copper block. 4O is with the interposition of a stainless steel, so insulating jacket 48 in an opening in the Wall of the reaction container T attached. Between the face of the copper block 40 and the stainless steel one A thermal insulating layer 49 is also arranged in the jacket. The passage of the outflow piece 47 and the pressure of the fluorine compound and argon are such has been chosen that the flow rate in the outflow piece is greater than the reaction rate of the metal with the fluorine compound so that from this Basically a penetration of metal will not occur. Furthermore, tungsten is little or not wettable by the liquid in the reaction container, so that it can creep into it of metal along the walls of the vent stick is not to be feared. The high flow velocity of the gas in the outflow piece cools it down so the temperature will stay lower than that Temperature at which the fluorine compound begins to react with the tungsten. Next the outflow piece is through the water, which in the cooling jacket 43, the copper block 4O and there-

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Removed heat by the outflow piece k ″ 7 , cooled. In this way, an operationally reliable outflow piece is obtained.

The regulation of the fluorine compound and the argon flow through the outflow pieces can be done as this in Fig. 3 schematically and idealized for the outflow piece 8 is shown.

In Fig. 3a and 3b, the time τ is in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction with the lines 6 and 13 the size of the fluorine and argon flow with the lines 6, 13 and 50, the opening position of the taps 6, 13 and the circulation line 50 are indicated.

At the moment O the tap 13 is in the supply line closed for argon, so that only argon can flow in through the circulation line 50 via the tap 13. The valve 6 is also completely open, so that a large flow of oxidant occurs.

At the moment 1 the cock 6 is closed and the cock 13 is opened for a short time. As a result, the flow of oxidant becomes zero and a large flow of argon is obtained for a short time, which quickly flushes the outlet piece clean. After that, at moment II, the cock becomes closed again and the remaining small argon flow through the circulation line 50 is then sufficient to penetrate of metal in the outflow piece ** 7. In this way that is achieved with a minimum to be pumped around argon from the container 10 to the reaction

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tank 1 and back through the compressor 17 is sufficient.

. H another embodiment of the Ausströmungsstück 8, enlarged "9 is shown in Fig. Those parts corresponding to those of the Ausströmungsstücks of FIG. 2 are indicated by the same reference numerals, hö is again a copper block, in which a channel 41 is provided. on its side facing the reaction container side facing a Ausströmungsstüek is in the channel hl hj of tungsten good heat-conductive manner. the copper block is mounted in an opening in the wall of the reaction vessel 1 with the interposition of a stainless steel jacket ^ 8. in this sheath are a supply Mk and a. dissipation 4 5 attached for the cooling water, which adjoin a cooling jacket ^ 3 to the copper block. the Kan ^ l hl sits in a channel 51 in a construction part 52 continues, which channel 51 look over a metal gauze 46 to a supply line h for the oxidizing agent and the supply line 11 for the argon are connected. In the outflow piece h'J there is a needle-shaped V valve body 53 which is provided with a valve spindle 5h which is provided on its other side with an armature 55 of an electromagnet 56. A spring 57 exerts a closing force which the valve spindle 5h exerts.

The mode of operation is illustrated with reference to FIGS. 5a and 5b explained in more detail. In Fig. 5a, the size is idealized of the oxidizing agent -! - and argon flow as a function of the Time plotted while in Fig. 5b belonging to these currents Positions of the taps 6 and 13 and the needle valve 53 are shown. . · -;

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In the period OI, the cock 6 and the needle valve 53 are both open, so that in this period a large flow of oxidizing agent (indicated by the line 6 in FIG. 5a) flows through the outflow piece Uj . Simultaneously with the stream oxidizing agent, a small stream of argon flows via the circulation line 50 through the outflow piece. The passage of this outflow piece and the pressure of the oxidizing agent and the argon have been chosen in such a way that the flow velocity is high enough to prevent liquid from penetrating. Further, the vent is cooled sufficiently to maintain a temperature at which the oxidant does not react with tungsten. At the moment I, tap 6 is closed and tap 13 is opened. A large stream of argon now flows to the outflow piece, washing away the oxidizing agent that is still present. A little later, at moment II, the needle valve 53 moves into its closed position, the passage of the outflow piece being significantly reduced so that only a little argon, but at high speed, flows to the reaction container. In this way it will again be sufficient to pump a relatively small amount of argon around. At the moment III the cock 6 is opened again and the cock 13 is closed. A little later, at the moment IV, the needle valve 53 opens again, so that a large stream of oxidizing agent flows to the reaction container 1 again. The size of the argon flow is indicated in FIG. 5 a by a dashed line 60 .

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In FIG. 6 a similar outflow piece as in FIG. K is shown, with a second displaceable armature 65 being attached to the valve spindle 54 in addition to the armature 55. This armature 65 can be displaced between two stops 66 and 67. There are also two electromagnets 68 and 69. The mode of action is as follows. When the valve is opened, the magnet 56 is excited, while at the same time the magnet 69 is also excited, as a result of which the displaceable armature moves towards the stop 67 and hits it with an impact. As a result of this impact, the valve 53 'even if it is glued to the valve seat: is easily detached, after which a further opening by the magnet 56 can take place. When closing, the magnets 56 and 69 are not excited and the magnet 68 is excited. The spring 57 moves the valve in the direction of the seat, which receives an additional shock because the armature 65 strikes the stop 66 . Any metal or salt particles deposited on the valve seat are knocked loose by this impact. In this way a very reliable valve is obtained.

From the above it should be evident that the invention creates an extremely reliable heating system. It should also be noted that although only one embodiment is shown in the drawing, in the frame the invention with several other embodiments, for example several reaction vessels, or with several reserve vessels, are possible.

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Claims (1)

1. Heating system, especially for feeding of heat to a heat exchanger in which a medium flows, which system contains a reaction vessel with a metal or a mixture of metals that is liquid at the operating temperature, as well as at least one first vessel in which there is an oxidizing agent that is similar to that in the reaction vessel Liquid can react chemically with heat generation in such a way that the reaction products are solid and / or liquid at the temperature and pressure prevailing in the reaction container, which container is connected to at least one supply unit connected to the reaction container via at least one line with a rule held therein ahschliesst line, further wherein a second container is present at least reacts chemically with a gas, with neither of the liquid in the reaction vessel even ⁷ with the oxidant, which second container is connected via a line with a valve incorporated therein Hegel also to the supply conduit connects, characterized in that the side facing the reaction container end of the feed pipe adjoins the one side of a channel in a cooled highly thermally conductive material block, wherein the ^one other side of this channel with a fixed therein solubilizing with the block of material a good thermal contact outflow * Piece is provided with a surface layer made of a material that 0098 1.6 / 1-288 not or almost not from the liquid in the reaction vessel is moistened, or made of this material; is, the block of material with the interposition of a Heat insulator into an opening in the wall of the reaction vessel is received, further the passage of the outflow piece and the pressure of the oxidant and the gas in the supply line are selected in such a way that that the flow rate of the oxidizing agent or the gas in the outflow piece is greater than the reaction rate of the oxidizing agent with the metal or the mixture of metals in the reaction vessel. 2. Heating system according to claim 1, wherein there are essentially Li and Ca or salts thereof in the reaction container, and fluorine or a fluorine compound, for example SF ^ - is in the first container, characterized ', ¹ that the outflow piece with a surface layer of a the metals tungsten, molybdenum or tantalum or carbides, or borides of these metals is provided, or is made of these substances. 3. Heating system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a filter element is arranged in the supply line or in the channel in the material block, for example a gauze, with channel passages or mesh sizes of smaller dimensions than the passage of the outflow piece. ■ i . Heating η system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a control device is present with which the control passage in lhähne 0 0 9 8 16/1288 BADORtGIMAL the "'adjoining each of the supply lines Lines of the first and second container can be controlled in such a way that when the control valve is closed in the the line connecting the first container to the control valve in the line connecting to the second container opens for a short time and closes immediately afterwards, over this last tap there is a circulation line with a narrow passage, so that a constant flow of the medium flows from the second container to the reaction container. 5. Heating system according to claim 1, 2 or 3 »thereby characterized in that there is a needle valve that can be actuated, preferably electromagnetically, that connects the passage completely or partially shut off the outflow piece can. 6. Heating system according to claim 5 * characterized in that that a control device is available, which the control valves in the lines between the supply line and controls the first or second container in antiphase, using the tap in the to the second container subsequent line a circulation channel with a narrow There is passage. 7 · Heating system according to claim 6, characterized in that that a control device is available, which the control valve in the line between the medium supply line and controls the first container and the needle valve so that the movements of the needle valve somewhat affect the rush after the Regelhann. 8. 'heating system according to claim 5, 6 or 7, characterized marked that on the valve spindle of the -.:-■■. : .- * ■ 009816/1288 ^; ^: ■■ /. ■ Ϊ9483α7-; Needle valve is a displaceable between two stops on the valve spindle armature, two electromagnets are present, one of which has this armature
in the direction of one stop and the other can move this anchor in the direction of the other stop. 9816/1288 ι % ³ ■ ♦ Empty e ι te