CN104359231B - A kind of Solar Energy Heat Utilization System - Google Patents
A kind of Solar Energy Heat Utilization System Download PDFInfo
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- CN104359231B CN104359231B CN201410572874.4A CN201410572874A CN104359231B CN 104359231 B CN104359231 B CN 104359231B CN 201410572874 A CN201410572874 A CN 201410572874A CN 104359231 B CN104359231 B CN 104359231B
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of Solar Energy Heat Utilization System, including solar water heater and heat utilization device, described solar water heater includes heat collector, described heat collector is for absorbing the heat of solar energy with the water in heating solar water heater, described heat collector is collector metal pipe, collector metal pipe includes that metal base tube, the outer surface of described metal base tube cover anticorrosive coat and heat-sink shell successively.The present invention provides the base tube of a kind of highly endothermic rate, improves the heat absorption capacity of solar energy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of solar energy, particularly relate to a kind of Solar Energy Heat Utilization System.
Background technology
Along with the high speed development of modern social economy, the mankind are increasing to the demand of the energy.But the traditional energy storage levels such as coal, oil, natural gas constantly reduce, the most in short supply, cause rising steadily of price, the problem of environmental pollution that conventional fossil fuel causes simultaneously is the most serious, these development that the most significantly limit society and the raising of human life quality.Energy problem has become as one of distinct issues of contemporary world.Thus seek the new energy, the most free of contamination clean energy resource has become the focus of present people research.
Solar energy is a kind of inexhaustible clean energy resource, and stock number is huge, and the solar radiant energy total amount that earth surface is received every year is 1 × 10 18 kW h, for more than 10,000 times of world's year consumption gross energy.Countries in the world the most utilizing as important of new energy development using solar energy, the Chinese government the most clearly proposes actively to develop new forms of energy at Report on the Work of the Government, and wherein the utilization of solar energy is especially in occupation of prominent position.Arriving tellurian energy density little (about a kilowatt every square metre) yet with solar radiation, and be again discontinuous, this brings certain difficulty to large-scale exploitation.Therefore, in order to extensively utilize solar energy, not only to solve technical problem, and must be able to same conventional energy resource economically and compete mutually.The utilization of solar energy mainly has photothermal conversion, photoelectric conversion, Photochemical convertion these three form.Compared to the sky high cost of solar photovoltaic industry and Photochemical convertion and low energy conversion efficiency, it is a kind of energy conversion efficiency and utilization rate is high and Solar use mode with low cost, that can be widely popularized in the whole society that solar heat converts.In solar energy heat utilization device, it is important to solar radiant energy will be converted into heat energy, it is achieved the device of this conversion is referred to as solar thermal collector.
No matter which kind of form and the solar thermal collector of structure, will have one to play an important role the hot property of heat collector for the absorption piece absorbing solar radiation, the heat-radiating properties of this parts sorbent surface.The physical quantity characterizing sorbent surface heat-radiating properties is absorptance and heat emission ratio, and the former characterizes the ability absorbing solar radiant energy, and the latter characterizes the ability launching radiation energy under own temperature.The former is the highest, and the latter is the lowest, shows that endothermic effect is best.
Summary of the invention
It is desirable to provide a kind of high-absorbility solar energy system, it is provided in particular in the heat absorbing coating of a kind of high-absorbility, improves the heat absorption capacity of solar energy.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme is as follows: a kind of solar water heater system, including solar water heater and heat utilization device, described solar water heater includes heat collector, described heat collector is for absorbing the heat of solar energy with the water in heating solar water heater, described heat collector is collector metal pipe, and collector metal pipe includes that metal base tube, the outer surface of described metal base tube cover anticorrosive coat and heat-sink shell successively.
Described anticorrosive coat coating anticorrosive paint is formed, the composition of anticorrosive paint is as follows: anticorrosive paint is become to be grouped into by following: zinc flake 3.1%, flake aluminum 2.8%, sheet magnesium powder 3.3%, zinc oxide is 5.8%, and chromic anhydride is 4.3%, DAA is 0.4%, propane diols is 0.7%, and wetting dispersing agent is 0.4%, and thickener is 0.15%, defoamer is 0.23%, the water of surplus；
This kind of coating is applied over base tube surface by spraying, brushing, dip-coating, dries 10～60 minutes for 80 ± 10 DEG C, and 280 ± 40 DEG C of solidifications sinter 30～60 minutes, form good corrosion-inhibiting coating.
Described heat-sink shell includes infrared reflection coating, heat absorbing coating and antireflection coatings the most successively, and wherein the ratio of the thickness of infrared reflection coating, heat absorbing coating and antireflection coatings is 1:1.5:2；Described infrared reflection coating is Ag；Heat absorbing coating includes TiAl, Cr, Nb, Zr tetra-layers the most successively, and wherein the thickness proportion of TiAl, Cr, Nb, Zr tetra-layers is 1:1.1:0.84:1.14；Antireflection coatings is AlN, TiO the most successively2、Ta2O5、SiO2Layer, wherein AlN, TiO2、Ta2O5、SiO2The thickness proportion of layer is 0.9:1:0.75:1.
The material of base tube is aluminium alloy, and the mass percent of the component of described aluminium alloy is as follows: 3.0% Cu, 1.9% Mg, 1.6% Ag, 0.6% Mn, 0.25% Zr, 0.3% Ce, 0.23% Ti, 0.38% Si, and remaining is Al.
Heat utilization device is the finned tubular radiator of circular arc enclosed construction, described radiator includes upper header, lower collector pipe and connection upper header and the finned tube of lower collector pipe, described finned tube includes circular base tube and the first fin, the second fin, the extended line of outside and the first fin and the second fin that the first fin and the second fin are arranged on base tube intersects at the central axis of the base tube at the place, the center of circle of base tube, the first fin and the second fin along by the first plane specular of base tube central axis；Described finned tube includes the 3rd fin and the 4th fin, described 3rd fin, the 4th fin along the second plane respectively with the first fin and the second fin specular, described second plane vertical with the first plane and also through the central axis of base tube；Arranging a connecting piece between described first fin and the second fin, arrange the second connection sheet between described 3rd fin and the 4th fin, it is circular arc type metallic plate that a connecting piece and second connects sheet；First fin, the second fin form space with the 3rd fin and the 4th fin of adjacent fins pipe；The central axis at the place, the center of circle of described circular arc-shaped metal plate and the central axes of base tube；Described base tube is straight tube, and the central axis of described adjacent base tube is parallel to each other；First fin of adjacent base tube is parallel to each other；
Angle between described first fin and the second fin is A, the first fin and a length of L of the second fin, and the outer radius of base tube is R, along base tube axially on fin height H, the relation of above-mentioned four meets equation below:
Sin(A/2)=a*(L/R)2+b*(L/R)+c
H/(R*10)= e*Sin(A/2) 2Wherein, A unit is angle to-f*Sin (A/2)+h, 60 ° < A < 110 °,
The size of L be mm, 12mm < L < 80mm,
The unit of R be mm, 10mm < R < 80mm,
The unit of H be mm, 800mm < R < 1200mm,
A, b, c, e, f, h are coefficient, and a is 44-45 in the range of 0.36-0.37, e in the range of the scope of 21-23, f in the range of 0.266-0.28, c in the range of 0.04-0.042, b, and h is 23-25.
Another preferred embodiment, heat utilization device is the finned tubular radiator of linear pattern enclosed construction, described radiator includes upper header, lower collector pipe and connection upper header and the finned tube of lower collector pipe, described finned tube includes circular base tube and the first fin, the second fin, the extended line of outside and the first fin and the second fin that the first fin and the second fin are arranged on base tube intersects at the central axis of the base tube at the place, the center of circle of base tube, the first fin and the second fin along by the first plane specular of the central axis of base tube；Described finned tube includes the 3rd fin and the 4th fin, described 3rd fin, the 4th fin along the second plane respectively with the first fin and the second fin specular, described second plane vertical with the first plane and also through the central axis of base tube；Arranging a connecting piece between described first fin and the second fin, arrange the second connection sheet between described 3rd fin and the 4th fin, it is straight linear metallic plate that a connecting piece and second connects sheet；First fin, the second fin form space with the 3rd fin and the 4th fin of adjacent fins pipe；Described base tube is straight tube, and the central axis of described adjacent base tube is parallel to each other；
Angle between described first fin and the second fin is A, the first fin and a length of L of the second fin, and the outer radius of base tube is R, along base tube axially on fin height H, the relation of above-mentioned four meets equation below:
Sin(A/2)=a×(L/R)2+b×(L/R)+c
H/R=10×e×
(Sin(A/2))f
Wherein, A unit is angle, 60 ° < A < 110 °,
The size of L be mm, 15mm < L < 80mm,
The unit of R be mm, 10mm < R < 80mm,
The unit of H be mm, 600mm < H < 1200mm,
A, b, c, e, f are coefficient, and a is-3.6 to-3.5 between in the range of 0.34-0.35, e in the range of the scope of 0.72-0.78, f in the range of 0.26-0.27, c in the range of 0.038-0.04, b.
Described heat utilization device is to provide a user with the hot water output equipment of hot water, and described hot water output equipment includes heat exchanger, and described heat exchanger connects running water, and the hot water from solar water heater enters in heat exchanger, carries out heat exchange with running water；
Described hot water output equipment also includes electrically heated rod, and when the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is less than the first temperature, electrically heated rod starts heating, and heats with the first power；When the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is less than second temperature lower than the first temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the second power higher than the first power；When the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is less than three temperature lower than the second temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the 3rd power higher than the second power；When the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is less than four temperature lower than the 3rd temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the 4th power higher than the 3rd power；When the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is less than five temperature lower than the 4th temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the 5th power higher than the 4th power.
Described system also including, electrical auxiliary heater and/or auxiliary hot-water boiler, electric heating system and hot water boiler system start automatically according to the temperature of the water entering electric heater and hot-water boiler, hot water is heated.
Described system includes electric heater, hot-water boiler, described heat utilization equipment is radiator and hot water output equipment respectively, described electric heater and hot water output equipment are arranged on a pipeline, and radiator and hot-water boiler are arranged on another pipeline, and described two pipelines are for being arranged in parallel.
The pipeline that described heat utilization equipment is arranged on solar water heater system is arranged in parallel, wherein valve is all set with on the inlet pipeline of the heat utilization equipment of the pipeline connection of solar water heater system and outlet pipeline, the pipeline of the solar water heater system in parallel with heat utilization equipment between inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline arranges valve.
Compared with prior art, solar water appliance of the present invention has a following advantage:
1) solar water appliance that the present invention provides has anticorrosive coat and heat-sink shell, it is possible to reduce the corrosion to base tube, can strengthen the absorption to solar energy simultaneously.
2) present invention devises new anti-corrosion material, strengthens antiseptic effect.
3) present invention carries out meticulous selection and experiment to material and the thickness of heat-sink shell, has reached the technique effect of best heat absorption.
4) by the reasonable distribution of the mass percent of the component to aluminium alloy, high-fire resistance and the high-termal conductivity of base tube is improved.
5) the invention provides board-type and the closed finned tube radiator of two kinds of structures of circular arc, pass through test of many times, devise different tube diameters, differing heights, the fin of angle are tested, thus obtain an optimum fin optimum results, and verified by test, thus demonstrated the accuracy of result.
6) by arranging the electrically heated rod of thermal output equipment, the temperature of heat utilization device is automatically controlled.
7) electrical auxiliary heater and/or auxiliary hot-water boiler, it is possible to play auxiliary heat effect, and by automatically controlling the startup controlling auxiliary heating system, save the energy.
8) it is connected in parallel with heat utilization device by electric heater, hot-water boiler, it is possible to achieve independent control heat utilization device.
9) pipeline that heat utilization equipment is arranged on solar water heater system is arranged in parallel, it is possible to achieve connect heat utilization equipment needs when, closes heat utilization equipment, to save the energy unwanted time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the solar energy system schematic diagram of cascaded structure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the solar energy system schematic diagram of parallel-connection structure of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the solar energy system schematic diagram that the heat utilization device of the present invention is in parallel with pipeline；
Fig. 4 is anticorrosive coat and the structural representation of heat-sink shell of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of heat utilization device radiator；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the finned tube embodiment one of heat utilization device radiator；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the finned tube embodiment two of heat utilization device radiator；
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of control system；
Fig. 9 is Fig. 6 schematic diagram in terms of left side；
Figure 10 is Fig. 7 schematic diagram in terms of left side.
Reference is as follows:
1 upper header, does not has the part of fin, 3 lower collector pipe in 2 base tubes, 4 finned tubes, 5 base tubes, 6 first fins, 7 gaps, 8 a connecting piece, 9 second fins, 10 the 4th fins, 11 the 3rd fins, 12 second connect sheet, 13 central controllers, 14 solar energy system water-supply-pipes, 15 temperature sensors, 16 temperature sensors, 17 radiators, 18 solar water heaters, 19 electric heaters, 20 boilers, 21 hot water output equipments, 22 radiators, 23 pumps, 24 valves, 25 base tubes, 26 anticorrosive coats, 27 infrared reflection coatings, 28 heat absorbing coatings, 29 antireflection coatings.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described in detail.
A kind of solar water heater system as Figure 1-3, including solar water heater 18 and heat utilization device 21 and 22, described solar water heater includes heat collector, described heat collector is for absorbing the heat of solar energy with the water in heating solar water heater, described heat collector is collector metal pipe, collector metal pipe includes that metal base tube 25(sees Fig. 4), the outer surface of described metal base tube covers anticorrosive coat 26 and heat-sink shell 27-29 successively.
Preferably, solar water heater includes that tank, multiple thermal-collecting tubes are connected with tank, the water in heating tank, and the current sunny energy water heater then heated be circulated utilization.
Tank is divided into three layers; the most adjacent two-layer fits tightly; it is inside courtyard layer, stainless steel layer and rustproof lacquer layer the most respectively; tank is owing to have employed said structure, and ground floor is inside courtyard layer, can avoid the occurrence of corrosion; the second layer is stainless steel layer; can increase rust-proof effect further, the 4th layer is rustproof lacquer layer, can be protected from producing corrosion.
Trilaminate material in tank is not limited to the material of foregoing description, those skilled in the art can reasonably select, but the selection of the material for three-decker, requirement is that the thermal coefficient of expansion of three-decker from inside to outside is gradually increased, that is, the thermal coefficient of expansion of innermost layer is minimum, and secondly, third layer is maximum for the second layer.The most such setting, because during heating, ground floor is first heated, first expand, being the second layer, third layer expanded by heating the most successively, therefore three layers of coefficient of expansion increase successively and can ensure that expansion rate keeps consistent substantially, it is ensured that compactness that each layer connects and stability.
Described tank includes that heat-insulation layer, heat-insulation layer have three layers, and from inside to outside the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer of heat-insulation layer gradually rises.
It is further preferred that tank is from inside to outside, from inner bag to heat-insulation layer, the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer gradually rises.Thus realize ensureing that expansion rate keeps consistent substantially, it is ensured that the compactness of each layer connection and stability.
As it is shown in figure 1, the water in solar water heater heats through heat collector, passing sequentially through assisted heating device, heat utilization device 21, heat utilization device 22, then backwater is circulated again into solar water heater 18 under the effect of pump 23, carries out new heating.
Preferably, assisted heating device can be electric heater 19, hot-water boiler 20, the Main Function of electric heater and hot-water boiler is the effect playing auxiliary heating, such as, be not reaching to predetermined temperature when the water utilizing solar energy heating, and this is to start electric heater and/or hot-water boiler.
Certainly, although Fig. 1 illustrates two kinds of heat utilization device, but actual be not limited to two kinds, it is also possible to 3 kinds or more than, naturally it is also possible to one is only set.Assisted heating device the most only arranges one, the most only arranges electric heater or hot-water boiler.
Fig. 2 illustrates the schematic diagram of heat utilization device 21 and 22 parallel-connection structure.Wherein electric heater 19 and heat utilization device 21 are arranged on a pipeline, electric heater 19 enters the water in heat utilization device 21 for assisting heating, and hot-water boiler and heat utilization device 22 are arranged on another pipeline, these described two pipelines are arranged in parallel, and two ends connect hot water outlet and the pump 23 of solar water heater respectively.
Certain above-mentioned setting is also exemplary, those skilled in the art can select to increase the pipeline of a plurality of parallel connection, on every pipeline, heat utilization device is set, make to be arranged in parallel mutually between heat utilization device, simultaneously for additional heating device, such as hot-water boiler and electric heater, for a person skilled in the art, can choose whether as required to need to arrange, or one is only set.
The hydraulic pipeline illustrating heat utilization device and solar energy system in Fig. 3 is arranged in parallel.Wherein valve 24 is all set with on the inlet pipeline of the heat utilization equipment of the pipeline connection of solar water heater system and outlet pipeline, the pipeline of the solar water heater system in parallel with heat utilization equipment between inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline arranges valve 24.By arranging valve, so that need not use heat utilization equipment when, can the water that valve comes on control piper be all set on the inlet pipeline of heat utilization equipment and outlet pipeline by opening valve on the pipeline of solar water heater system and closing and carry out heat exchange with heat utilization equipment.
Certainly, it is not only heat utilization equipment, additional firing equipment also hydraulic pipeline with solar energy system is arranged in parallel, wherein valve is all set with on the inlet pipeline of the additional firing equipment of the pipeline connection of solar water heater system and outlet pipeline, the pipeline of the solar water heater system in parallel with additional firing equipment between inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline arranges valve.By arranging valve, so that need not use additional firing equipment when, water that valve comes on control piper can be all set on the inlet pipeline of additional firing equipment and outlet pipeline by opening the valve on the pipeline of solar water heater system and closing without additional firing equipment.
Although give all of heat utilization equipment in Fig. 3, additional firing equipment is arranged in parallel with the hydraulic pipeline of solar energy system, but be not limited to that above-mentioned equipment, to those skilled in the art, can only select that one or more is arranged in parallel with the hydraulic pipeline of solar energy system.The hydraulic pipeline that such as can enter to arrange wherein one or two heat utilization equipment and solar energy system is arranged in parallel, it is also possible to the hydraulic pipeline only arranging one or two additional firing equipments and solar energy system is arranged in parallel.
Although Fig. 1-3 is provided with electric heater 19, hot-water boiler 20, to those skilled in the art, solar water heater system can optionally arrange above-mentioned parts, such as, can only arrange electric heater or hot-water boiler, it is also possible to selects neither to arrange.
Preferably, described anticorrosive coat coating anticorrosive paint is formed, and the mass percent composition of anticorrosive paint is as follows: anticorrosive paint is become to be grouped into by following: zinc flake 3.1%, flake aluminum 2.8%, sheet magnesium powder 3.3%, zinc oxide is 5.8%, chromic anhydride is 4.3%, and DAA is 0.4%, and propane diols is 0.7%, wetting dispersing agent is 0.3%, thickener is 0.15%, and defoamer is 0.25%, the water of surplus；
This kind of coating is applied over base tube surface by spraying, brushing, dip-coating, dries 10～60 minutes for 80 ± 10 DEG C, and 280 ± 40 DEG C of solidifications sinter 30～60 minutes, form good corrosion-inhibiting coating.
A kind of method preparing above-mentioned anticorrosive paint, the method according to following steps implement,
A, by coating gross mass percentage, weigh a certain amount of water, the wetting dispersing agent of 0.3% and the defoamer of 0.25% respectively, the most admixed together, it is sufficiently stirred for being allowed to dissolving and makes coating mixed liquor A 1, the zinc flake 3.1% accounting for coating gross mass is added again in mixed liquor A 1, flake aluminum 2.8%, sheet magnesium powder 3.3%, stir and make coating mixed liquor A 2；
B, by coating gross mass percentage, weigh 4.3% chromic anhydride, form mixed liquor, join the water of 20%～40% fully dissolves and make inorganic acid mixed liquid B 1, then in mixed liquid B 1, add the zinc oxide of 5.8%, stirring makes inorganic acid mixed liquid B 2 to without precipitation；
C, by coating gross mass percentage, weighing DAA is 0.4%, and propane diols is 0.7%, joins in the water of 5%～15%, stirs and makes reducing agent mixed liquor C；
D, by coating gross mass percentage, weigh the thickener of 0.15%, join in the water of 2.5%～15%, stirring to dissolve be translucent shape and without gel occur i.e. stop stirring making thickener mixed liquor D；
E, the inorganic acid mixed liquid B 2 of preparation is joined in coating mixed liquor A 2, it is subsequently adding the 1/5～1/2 of reducing agent mixed liquor C amount of preparation, add thickener mixed liquor D while stirring, add the water of surplus, continue stirring 30～90 minutes, until coating mixed liquor uniformity soilless sticking particle, finally add remaining reducing agent mixed liquor C, it is stirred for 10～40 minutes, to obtain final product.
This kind of coating is applied over finned tube surface by spraying, brushing, dip-coating, dries 10～60 minutes for 80 ± 10 DEG C, and 280 ± 40 DEG C of solidifications sinter 30～60 minutes, form good anti-corrosion coating.
Described wetting dispersing agent is the SA-20 in peregal series, and hydroxyethyl cellulose selected by described thickener；Tributyl phosphate selected by described defoamer.
Preferably, described heat-sink shell includes infrared reflection coating 27, heat absorbing coating 28 and antireflection coatings 29 the most successively, and wherein the ratio of the thickness of infrared reflection coating 27, heat absorbing coating 28 and antireflection coatings 29 is 1:1.5:2；Described infrared reflection coating is Ag；Heat absorbing coating includes TiAl, Cr, Nb, Zr tetra-layers the most successively, and wherein the thickness proportion of four layers is 1:1.1:0.84:1.14；Antireflection coatings is AlN, TiO the most successively2、Ta2O5、SiO2Layer, wherein the thickness proportion of four layers is 0.9:1:0.75:1.
Preferably, the gross thickness of heat-sink shell is 1.8 μm.
Above-mentioned dimension scale is to test, by nearly hundred kinds of different thickness proportion, the optimal result got.By experiment, for using composition and the thickness of each independent stratum in above-mentioned absorber coatings, the absorptance of the absorber coatings of preparation can be made to be more than 0.94, and realize the emissivity of 0.04.
Manufacture method for above-mentioned coating, it is possible to use this area through frequently with vacuum magnetron sputtering coating film technique prepare.
The material of the base tube 25 of heat collector is aluminium alloy, and the mass percent of the component of described aluminium alloy is as follows: 3.0% Cu, 1.9% Mg, 1.6% Ag, 0.6% Mn, 0.25% Zr, 0.3% Ce, 0.23% Ti, 0.38% Si, and remaining is Al.
The manufacture method of aluminium alloy is: use vacuum metallurgy melting, and argon for protecting pouring becomes circle base, through 600 DEG C of Homogenization Treatments, at 400 DEG C, uses and is hot extruded into bar, the most again after 580 DEG C of solution hardening, carry out artificial aging process at 200 DEG C.Tensile strength sigma b of alloy: room temperature >=550MPa, 200 DEG C >=440MPa, 300 DEG C >=-230MPa.
After tested, above-mentioned alloy has the highest thermal conductivity factor and heat resistance.
For heat utilization device, radiator and hot water output equipment can be included, for radiator, mainly having two specific embodiments, embodiment 1 is circular arc closed finned tube radiator, as shown in Figure 5,6, embodiment 2 is board-type closed finned tube radiator, such as Fig. 5, shown in 7.
The structure of embodiment 1 is as follows:
A kind of finned tubular radiator 17 of enclosed construction, including upper header 1, lower collector pipe 3 and connection upper header 1 and the finned tube 4 of lower collector pipe 3, described finned tube 4 includes circular base tube 5 and first fin the 6, second fin 9, the extended line of outside and the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 that the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 are arranged on base tube 5 intersects at the central axis of the base tube at the place, the center of circle of base tube 5, and the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 are along by the first plane B specular of base tube central axis；Described finned tube includes the 3rd fin 11 and the 4th fin 10, described 3rd fin the 11, the 4th fin 10 along the second plane C respectively with the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 specular, described second plane C vertical with the first plane B and also through the central axis of base tube 5；Arranging a connecting piece 8 between described first fin 6 and the second fin 9, arrange the second connection sheet 12 between described 3rd fin 11 and the 4th fin 10, a connecting piece 8 and the second connection sheet 12 are circular arc type metallic plate；The central axis of described circular arc-shaped metal plate and the central axes of base tube 5；Described base tube is straight tube, and the central axis of described adjacent base tube is parallel to each other.
Preferably, the first fin of adjacent base tube is parallel to each other, represents that the second fin of adjacent base tube is the most parallel to each other, and in like manner, the 3rd fin, the 4th fin are the most parallel to each other.This feature shows that finned tube arranges according to equidirectional.
It is to be understood that as shown in Figure 6, the central axis of base tube is exactly a line of the set formation of the centre point on the cross section of base tube 5, and the central axis of circular arc-shaped metal plate is exactly the line that on cross section, the set of the centre point of circular arc-shaped metal plate is formed.The central axis of described circular arc-shaped metal plate and the central axes of base tube 5 refer on cross section, and circular arc-shaped metal plate and base tube are concentric circles.
Preferably, all being the same size of all finned tubes.
By above-mentioned setting so that fin forms a gap 7 with being connected between sheet, heat convection when, gap 7 is the formation of a kind of chimney effect, it is possible to strengthen heat exchange.
First fin, the second fin form space with the 3rd fin and the 4th fin of adjacent fins pipe, and this space forms certain space, it is possible to forms chimney effect, adds strong convection, augmentation of heat transfer.
Angle between described first fin 6 and the second fin 9 is A, the first fin 6 and a length of L of the second fin 9, and the outer radius of base tube is R, and certainly, because specular, the length of the 3rd fin 11 and the 4th fin 10 is L the most naturally.But find in practice, if in heat transfer process. fin angle is too small, then can hinder heat exchange, because if fin angle is too small, cause the first fin, the distance of the second fin is the nearest, then temperature boundary layer in closed area along with start on the direction of base tube height overlap, it is saturated that gas temperature moves closer to heat close to tube wall temperature, flow resistance increases, finally deteriorate heat exchange on the contrary, the advantage of outer fin plays the most out, same reason, constantly increase along with angle, make the distance connecting sheet distance base tube the nearest, again such that temperature boundary layer in closed area along with start on the direction of base tube height overlap, it is saturated that gas temperature moves closer to heat close to tube wall temperature, flow resistance increases, finally deteriorate heat exchange on the contrary, therefore angle has an optimum value.
For finned length, if oversize, even if then because the heat of base tube cannot arrive the end of fin in time or to reach effect the most inconspicuous, if it is the shortest, then extension heat exchange area is the least, it is impossible to reaching a good heat transfer effect, therefore the height of fin also has an optimum value.
For the distance between two finned tubes, if first distance is the nearest or the most close, then the space (seeing Fig. 5) of the spacing connecting sheet of two finned tubes is the least, then air cannot enter, by the gap between fin, the space formed between finned tube, heat exchange now can only rely on entrance air bottom radiator, it is unable to reach good heat convection effect, same reason, if the distance is too far, then the one the second the 3rd the 4th fins of finned tube cannot form the space of effective chimney effect, thus cause heat transfer effect to be deteriorated, therefore a suitable numerical value is also required to for the distance between two finned tubes.
As shown in Figure 8, for fin along base tube 5 axially on height H, it is also required to that there is a suitable numerical value, if fin height is the highest, then on the top of fin, because boundary layer in closed area along with start on the direction of base tube height overlap, cause the deterioration of heat exchange, in like manner, the lowest, then heat exchange does not give full play to, thus affects heat transfer effect.
Therefore, the present invention is the size relationship of finned tube of the optimal radiator summed up by the test data of multiple various sizes of radiators.Because finned tube also has included angle A, finned length L, fin height H these three variable, therefore, introducing two characteristics sin (A/2), L/R, H/R, R is the radius of base tube here, heat dissipation capacity maximum from heat transfer effect, calculates nearly 200 kinds of forms.Described size relationship is as follows:
Angle between described first fin and the second fin is A, the first fin and a length of L of the second fin, and the outer radius of base tube is R, along base tube axially on fin height H, the relation of above-mentioned four meets equation below:
Sin(A/2)=a×(L/R)2+b×(L/R)+c
H/(R×10)= e×Sin(A/2)2Wherein, A unit is angle to-f × Sin (A/2)+h, 60 ° < A < 110 °,
The size of L be mm, 12mm < L < 80mm,
The unit of R be mm, 10mm < R < 80mm,
The unit of H be mm, 800mm < R < 1200mm,
A, b, c, e, f, h are coefficient, and a is 44-45 in the range of 0.36-0.37, e in the range of the scope of 21-23, f in the range of 0.266-0.28, c in the range of 0.04-0.042, b, and h is 23-25.
By testing after result of calculation, by calculating border and the numerical value of median, the result of gained substantially matches with formula again, and error is substantially within 4%, and maximum relative error is less than 6%, and mean error is 2%.；
The optimum of coefficient optimization is: a is 0.0412, and b is 0.02715, and c is 0.03628, and e is 22, and f is 44.37, and h is 23.86.
Preferably, the distance between adjacent base tube central axis is S=d × (L+R) × sin (A/2), and wherein d is 1.1-1.2.
As shown in Figure 6, the distance between adjacent base tube central axis is exactly the distance on cross section between two base tube centers of circle.
The optimum results of d is 1.118.
The structure of embodiment 2 is as follows:
A kind of finned tubular radiator 17 of enclosed construction, including upper header 1, lower collector pipe 3 and connection upper header 1 and the finned tube 4 of lower collector pipe 3, described finned tube 4 includes circular base tube 5 and first fin the 6, second fin 9, the extended line of outside and the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 that the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 are arranged on base tube 5 intersects at the base tube central axis at the place, the center of circle of base tube 5, and the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 are along by the first plane B specular of base tube central axis；Described finned tube includes the 3rd fin 11 and the 4th fin 10, described 3rd fin the 11, the 4th fin 10 along the second plane C respectively with the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 specular, described second plane C vertical with the first plane B and also through the central axis of base tube 5；Arranging a connecting piece 8 between described first fin 6 and the second fin 9, arrange the second connection sheet 12 between described 3rd fin 11 and the 4th fin 10, a connecting piece 8 and the second connection sheet 12 are straight linear metallic plate.Described base tube is straight tube, and the central axis of described adjacent base tube 5 is parallel to each other.
It is to be understood that as it is shown in fig. 7, the central axis of base tube is exactly a line of the set formation of the centre point on the cross section of base tube 5.
By above-mentioned setting so that fin forms a gap 7 with being connected between sheet, heat convection when, gap 7 is the formation of a kind of chimney effect, it is possible to strengthen heat exchange.
Preferably, in one plane, in one plane, the plane at a connecting piece 8 and the second connection sheet 12 place is parallel to each other for the second connection sheet 12 of adjacent base tube 5 for a connecting piece 8 of described adjacent base tube 5.
Preferably, the first fin of adjacent base tube is parallel to each other, represents that the second fin of adjacent base tube is the most parallel to each other, and in like manner, the 3rd fin, the 4th fin are the most parallel to each other.This feature shows that finned tube arranges according to equidirectional.This feature shows that finned tube arranges according to equidirectional.
Preferably, all being the same size of all finned tubes.
First fin, the second fin form space with the 3rd fin and the 4th fin of adjacent fins pipe, and this space forms certain space, it is possible to forms chimney effect, adds strong convection, augmentation of heat transfer.
Angle between described first fin 6 and the second fin 9 is A, the first fin 6 and a length of L of the second fin 9, and the outer radius of base tube is R, and certainly, because specular, the length of the 3rd fin 11 and the 4th fin 10 is L the most naturally.
For embodiment 2, being also carried out optimizing, the concrete result optimized is as follows:
Angle between described first fin and the second fin is A, the first fin and a length of L of the second fin, and the outer radius of base tube is R, fin along base tube axially on fin height H, the relation of above-mentioned four meets equation below:
Sin(A/2)=a×(L/R)2+b×(L/R)+c
H/R=10×e×
(Sin(A/2))f
Wherein, A unit is angle, 60 ° < A < 110 °,
The size of L be mm, 15mm < L < 80mm,
The unit of R be mm, 10mm < R < 80mm,
The unit of H be mm, 600mm < H < 1200mm,
A, b, c, e, f are coefficient, and a is-3.6 to-3.5 between in the range of 0.34-0.35, e in the range of the scope of 0.72-0.78, f in the range of 0.26-0.27, c in the range of 0.038-0.04, b.
Preferably, the distance between adjacent base tube central axis is S=d × (L+R) × sin (A/2), and wherein d is 1.05-1.2.
Wherein d is preferably 1.13.
Another embodiment of heat utilization device is to provide a user with the hot water output equipment of hot water, and described hot water output equipment includes heat exchanger, and described heat exchanger connects running water, and the hot water from solar water heater enters in heat exchanger, carries out heat exchange with running water；
Described hot water output equipment also includes electrically heated rod, and when the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is less than the first temperature, electrically heated rod starts heating, and heats with the first power；When the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is less than second temperature lower than the first temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the second power higher than the first power；When the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is less than three temperature lower than the second temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the 3rd power higher than the second power；When the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is less than four temperature lower than the 3rd temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the 4th power higher than the 3rd power；When the hot water temperature of hot water input equipment output is less than five temperature lower than the 4th temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the 5th power higher than the 4th power.
In heat exchanger, running water and carry out heat exchange from what the water in solar water heater the most directly mixed, namely carry out heat exchange by mode indirectly.
As shown in Figure 8, described electric heating system and/or hot water boiler system also include that control system, electric heating system and/or hot water boiler system start automatically according to the temperature of the water entering electric heater and hot-water boiler, heat hot water.Illustrate below for electric heater.
Described control system includes temperature sensor 15 and the central controller 13 measuring temperature, and temperature sensor 15 is for measuring the temperature of the water entering electric heater, and central controller is for controlling the heating power of electric heater.When the inflow temperature measured is less than temperature a, electric heater starts heating, and heats with power A；When the inflow temperature of thermal measurement is less than temperature b lower than temperature a, electric heater heats with the power B higher than power A；When the inflow temperature measured is less than temperature c lower than temperature b, electric heater heats with the power C higher than power B；When the inflow temperature measured is less than temperature d lower than temperature c, electric heater heats with the power D higher than power C；When the inflow temperature measured is less than temperature e lower than temperature d, electric heater heats with the power E higher than power D.
Of course, it is possible to select, in order to increase the accuracy measuring temperature, another temperature sensor 16 can be set at the water outlet of electric heater, be calculated the startup power of electric heater by the mean value of the temperature of the measurement of two temperature sensors.
For boiler, automatic ignition device is set.When the temperature of the water entering boiler measured is less than certain temperature when, boiler heats with regard to starting ignition device.When the temperature of the water measured reaches certain temperature when, then just stop heating.
Of course, it is possible to select, in order to increase the accuracy measuring temperature, another temperature sensor can be set at the water outlet of boiler, be calculated the startup power of electric heater by the mean value of the temperature of the measurement of two temperature sensors.
Preferably, electric heater unit can be set in solar water heater, when the leaving water temperature of solar water heater is less than certain numerical value, electric heater unit can be started.Such as electric heater unit can be set in heat collector and/or water tank.
When shown in Fig. 3, can be by arranging control system, described control system controls to enter the fluid flow in heat utilization device and/or assisted heating device according to temperature.Such as, for radiator, the flow of the fluid entered in radiator can be determined according to indoor temperature, when indoor temperature is higher than the first certain numerical value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is completely closed, pipeline on solar water heater system is fully opened, fluid not inflow radiator, when indoor temperature is less than certain second value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is fully opened, pipeline on solar water heater system is completely closed, ensure that the water on the pipeline on solar water heater system is completely into radiator.When indoor temperature is between the first numerical value and second value, then the valve portion in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is opened, the pipeline portions on solar water heater system is opened, it is ensured that only some fluid enters radiator.
For thermal output equipment, the flow of the fluid entered in thermal output equipment can be determined according to the temperature of the water of thermal output equipment output, when the temperature of the water of thermal output equipment output is higher than the first certain numerical value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is completely closed, pipeline on solar water heater system is fully opened, fluid does not flow into thermal output equipment, when the temperature of the water of thermal output equipment output is less than certain second value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is fully opened, pipeline on solar water heater system is completely closed, ensure that the water on the pipeline on solar water heater system is completely into thermal output equipment.When the temperature of the water exported is between the first numerical value and second value, then the valve portion in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is opened, the pipeline portions on solar water heater system is opened, it is ensured that only some fluid enters thermal output equipment.
For ancillary heating equipment, the flow of the fluid entered in ancillary heating equipment can be determined according to the temperature of the water entering ancillary heating equipment, when the temperature of the water entering ancillary heating equipment is higher than the first certain numerical value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is completely closed, pipeline on solar water heater system is fully opened, fluid does not flow into ancillary heating equipment, when entering the temperature of ancillary heating equipment water less than certain second value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is fully opened, pipeline on solar water heater system is completely closed, ensure that the water on the pipeline on solar water heater system is completely into ancillary heating equipment.When entering the temperature of water of ancillary heating equipment between the first numerical value and second value, then the valve portion in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is opened, pipeline portions on solar water heater system is opened, it is ensured that only some fluid enters ancillary heating equipment.
Although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to this.Any those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all can make various changes or modifications, and therefore protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim limited range.
Claims (2)
- null1. a Solar Energy Heat Utilization System，Including solar water heater and heat utilization device，Described solar water heater includes heat collector，Described heat collector is for absorbing the heat of solar energy with the water in heating solar water heater，Described heat collector is collector metal pipe，Collector metal pipe includes metal base tube，The outer surface of described metal base tube covers anticorrosive coat and heat-sink shell successively，It is characterized in that the finned tubular radiator that heat utilization device is linear pattern enclosed construction，Described radiator includes upper header、Lower collector pipe and connection upper header and the finned tube of lower collector pipe，Described finned tube includes circular base tube and the first fin、Second fin，The extended line of outside and the first fin and the second fin that the first fin and the second fin are arranged on base tube intersects at the central axis of the base tube at the place, the center of circle of base tube，First fin and the second fin are along by the first plane specular of the central axis of base tube；Described finned tube includes the 3rd fin and the 4th fin, described 3rd fin, the 4th fin along the second plane respectively with the first fin and the second fin specular, described second plane vertical with the first plane and also through the central axis of base tube；Arranging a connecting piece between described first fin and the second fin, arrange the second connection sheet between described 3rd fin and the 4th fin, it is straight linear metallic plate that a connecting piece and second connects sheet；First fin, the 3rd fin form space with the second fin and the 4th fin of adjacent fins pipe；Described base tube is straight tube, and the central axis of described adjacent base tube is parallel to each other；Angle between described first fin and the second fin is A, the first fin and a length of L of the second fin, and the outer radius of base tube is R, along base tube axially on fin height H, the relation of above-mentioned four meets equation below:Sin (A/2)=a × (L/R)2+b×(L/R)+cH/R=10 × e × (Sin (A/2))fWherein, A unit is angle, 60 ° < A < 110 °,The size of L be mm, 15mm < L < 80mm,The unit of R be mm, 10mm < R < 80mm,The unit of H be mm, 600mm < H < 1200mm,A, b, c, e, f are coefficient, and a is-3.6 to-3.5 between in the range of 0.34-0.35, e in the range of the scope of 0.72-0.78, f in the range of 0.26-0.27, c in the range of 0.038-0.04, b.
- Solar water heater system the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described heat-sink shell includes infrared reflection coating, heat absorbing coating and antireflection coatings the most successively, wherein the ratio of the thickness of infrared reflection coating, heat absorbing coating and antireflection coatings is 1:1.5:2；Described infrared reflection coating is Ag；Heat absorbing coating includes TiAl, Cr, Nb, Zr tetra-layers the most successively, and wherein the thickness proportion of TiAl, Cr, Nb, Zr tetra-layers is 1:1.1:0.84:1.14；Antireflection coatings is AlN, TiO the most successively2、Ta2O5、 SiO2Layer, wherein AlN, TiO2、Ta2O5、SiO2The thickness proportion of layer is 0.9:1:0.75:1.
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| US3662739A (en) * | 1968-09-30 | 1972-05-16 | Philips Corp | Heater system |
| CN201246900Y (en) * | 2007-09-01 | 2009-05-27 | 郭厚德 | Split type bearing solar water heater capable of automatically compensating water |
| CN102374678A (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2012-03-14 | 王克涛 | Metal heat exchange tube device in solar energy heat collection tube |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5556181A (en) * | 1978-10-20 | 1980-04-24 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Heat-storing material |
| US20080047544A1 (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2008-02-28 | Chong Han | Modular thermal radiation heating system |
| DE102010027428A1 (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2011-08-04 | Borontec AG, 10785 | solar collector |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3662739A (en) * | 1968-09-30 | 1972-05-16 | Philips Corp | Heater system |
| CN201246900Y (en) * | 2007-09-01 | 2009-05-27 | 郭厚德 | Split type bearing solar water heater capable of automatically compensating water |
| CN102374678A (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2012-03-14 | 王克涛 | Metal heat exchange tube device in solar energy heat collection tube |
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