CN104034062B - Intelligent-control solar radiator system - Google Patents
Intelligent-control solar radiator system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104034062B CN104034062B CN201410295291.1A CN201410295291A CN104034062B CN 104034062 B CN104034062 B CN 104034062B CN 201410295291 A CN201410295291 A CN 201410295291A CN 104034062 B CN104034062 B CN 104034062B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Abstract
The invention provides an intelligent-control solar radiator system which comprises a collector and a heat utilization device. The heat utilization device is a radiator which is a closed-type finned pipe radiator with an automatic control function. By the intelligent-control solar radiator system, utilization efficiency of solar energy is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of solar energy, particularly relate to a kind of Based Intelligent Control solar energy radiator system, belong to F24J field of solar energy utilization.
Background technology
Along with the high speed development of modern social economy, the demand of the mankind to the energy is increasing.But the traditional energy storage levels such as coal, oil, natural gas constantly reduce, day by day in short supply, cause rising steadily of price, simultaneously the problem of environmental pollution that causes of conventional fossil fuel is also further serious, and these limit the development of society and the raising of human life quality all greatly.One of energy problem's most distinct issues having become contemporary world.Thus seek the new energy, particularly free of contamination clean energy resource has become the focus of present people research.Solar energy is a kind of inexhaustible clean energy resource, and stock number is huge, and the solar radiant energy total amount that earth surface is received every year is 1 × 10
18kWh, for world's year consumes more than 10,000 times of gross energy.Countries in the world are all using as new energy development important one of the utilization of solar energy, and the Chinese government also clearly proposes to want develop actively new forms of energy at Report on the Work of the Government already, and wherein the utilization of solar energy is especially in occupation of prominent position.But arrive tellurian energy density little (about a kilowatt every square metre) due to solar radiation, and be again discontinuous, this brings certain difficulty to large-scale exploitation.Therefore, in order to extensively utilize solar energy, not only want the problem on technical solution, and must be able to compete mutually with conventional energy resource economically.The utilization of solar energy mainly contains photothermal conversion, photoelectric conversion, these three kinds of forms of Photochemical convertion.Compared to sky high cost and the low energy conversion efficiency of solar photovoltaic industry and Photochemical convertion, it is the Solar use mode that a kind of energy conversion efficiency and utilization rate are high and with low cost, can extensively promote in the whole society that solar heat transforms.In solar energy heat utilization device, key to convert solar radiant energy to heat energy, and the device realizing this conversion is called solar thermal collector.
The no matter solar thermal collector of which kind of form and structure, all will have an absorption piece being used for absorbing solar radiation, the hot property of heat-radiating properties to heat collector of this parts sorbent surface plays an important role.The physical quantity characterizing sorbent surface heat-radiating properties is absorptance and heat emission ratio, and the former characterizes the ability absorbing solar radiant energy, and the latter launches the ability of radiant energy under characterizing own temperature.The former is higher, and the latter is lower, shows that endothermic effect is best.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of high-absorbility solar energy system, especially provides a kind of heat absorbing coating of high-absorbility, improves the heat absorption capacity of solar energy.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of solar thermal collector, comprise thermal-collecting tube and water tank, described thermal-collecting tube is for absorbing the heat of solar energy with the water in heating water tank, described heat collector is glass heat-collecting vacuum tube, glass heat-collecting vacuum tube comprises interior pipe, outer tube and the vacuum layer between inner and outer tubes, and described interior pipe comprises glass base tube, the outer surface coating heat-sink shell of described glass base tube; The outer wall of described outer tube is the convex lens of convex shape, and described convex lens are evenly distributed on the outer wall of outer tube, and the focus of described convex lens drops on the heat-sink shell of interior pipe, to increase the absorption of solar energy.
Described heat-sink shell from inside to outside comprises infrared reflection coating, heat absorbing coating and antireflection coatings successively, and wherein the ratio of the thickness of infrared reflection coating, heat absorbing coating and antireflection coatings is 1:1.5:2; Described infrared reflection coating is Ag; Heat absorbing coating from inside to outside comprises TiAl, Cr, Nb, Zr tetra-layers successively, and wherein the thickness proportion of TiAl, Cr, Nb, Zr tetra-layers is 1:1.1:0.84:1.14; Antireflection coatings is from inside to outside AlN, TiO successively
2, Ta
2o
5, SiO
2layer, wherein AlN, TiO
2, Ta
2o
5, SiO
2the thickness proportion of layer is 0.9:1:0.75:1.
A kind of solar energy collector system, comprise solar thermal collector and heat utilization device, described solar thermal collector is foregoing solar thermal collector.
Heat utilization device is the finned tubular radiator of circular arc enclosed construction, described radiator comprises the finned tube of upper header, lower collector pipe and connection upper header and lower collector pipe, described finned tube comprises circular base tube and the first fin, the second fin, first fin and the second fin are arranged on the outside of base tube and the extended line of the first fin and the second fin intersects at the central axis of the base tube at the place, the center of circle of base tube, and the first fin and the second fin are along the first plane specular by base tube central axis; Described finned tube comprises the 3rd fin and the 4th fin, described 3rd fin, the 4th fin along the second plane respectively with the first fin and the second fin specular, described second plane and the first plane orthogonal and the central axis through base tube; Arrange the first brace between described first fin and the second fin, arrange the second brace between described 3rd fin and the 4th fin, the first brace and the second brace are circular arc type metallic plate; 3rd fin and the 4th fin of the first fin, the second fin and adjacent fins pipe form space; The central axis at place, the center of circle of described circular arc-shaped metal plate and the central axes of base tube; Described base tube is straight tube, and the central axis of described adjacent base tube is parallel to each other; First fin of adjacent base tube is parallel to each other;
Angle between described first fin and the second fin is A, and the length of the first fin and the second fin is L, and the outer radius of base tube is R, and along base tube fin height H axially, the relation of above-mentioned four meets following formula:
Sin(A/2)=a*(L/R)
2+b*(L/R)+c
H/ (R*10)=e*Sin (A/2)
2wherein, A unit is angle to-f*Sin (A/2)+h, 60 ° of <A<110 °,
L is of a size of mm, 12mm<L<80mm,
The unit of R is mm, 10mm<R<80mm,
The unit of H is mm, 800mm<R<1200mm,
A, b, c, e, f, h are coefficient, and the scope of the scope of the scope of a to be the scope of 0.04-0.042, b be 0.266-0.28, c to be the scope of 0.36-0.37, e be 21-23, f is 44-45, h is 23-25;
Described radiator arranges control system, and described control system controls according to indoor temperature the flow velocity entering water in heat exchanger;
Described control system comprises: temperature sensor, flow controller and central controller, and flow controller controls the flow velocity entering the water of heat exchanger, and described temperature sensor is for measuring indoor temperature, when indoor temperature is lower than the first temperature, flow controller is all opened, when indoor temperature reaches the first temperature, central controller controls flow controller reaches the first flow velocity, first flow velocity will lower than the flow velocity all opened, when indoor temperature reaches the second temperature higher than the first temperature, central controller controls flow velocity reaches the second flow velocity lower than the first flow speed controller, when indoor temperature reaches the 3rd temperature higher than the second temperature, central controller controls flow controller reaches the 3rd flow velocity lower than the second flow velocity, when indoor temperature reaches the 4th temperature higher than the 3rd temperature, central controller controls flow controller reaches the 4th flow velocity lower than the 3rd flow velocity, when indoor temperature reaches the 5th temperature higher than the 4th temperature, flow controller cuts out by central controller, stops water to enter radiator.
Heat utilization device is the finned tubular radiator of linear pattern enclosed construction, described radiator comprises the finned tube of upper header, lower collector pipe and connection upper header and lower collector pipe, described finned tube comprises circular base tube and the first fin, the second fin, first fin and the second fin are arranged on the outside of base tube and the extended line of the first fin and the second fin intersects at the central axis of the base tube at the place, the center of circle of base tube, and the first fin and the second fin are along the first plane specular of the central axis by base tube; Described finned tube comprises the 3rd fin and the 4th fin, described 3rd fin, the 4th fin along the second plane respectively with the first fin and the second fin specular, described second plane and the first plane orthogonal and the central axis through base tube; Arrange the first brace between described first fin and the second fin, arrange the second brace between described 3rd fin and the 4th fin, the first brace and the second brace are straight linear metallic plate; 3rd fin and the 4th fin of the first fin, the second fin and adjacent fins pipe form space; Described base tube is straight tube, and the central axis of described adjacent base tube is parallel to each other;
Angle between described first fin and the second fin is A, and the length of the first fin and the second fin is L, and the outer radius of base tube is R, and along base tube fin height H axially, the relation of above-mentioned four meets following formula:
Sin(A/2)=a×(L/R)
2+b×(L/R)+c
H/R=10×e× (Sin(A/2))
f
Wherein, A unit is angle, 60 ° of <A<110 °,
L is of a size of mm, 15mm<L<80mm,
The unit of R is mm, 10mm<R<80mm,
The unit of H is mm, 600mm<H<1200mm,
A, b, c, e, f are coefficient, and the scope of the scope of the scope of a to be the scope of 0.038-0.04, b be 0.26-0.27, c to be the scope of 0.34-0.35, e be 0.72-0.78, f is between-3.6 to-3.5;
Described radiator arranges control system, and described control system controls according to indoor temperature the flow velocity entering water in heat exchanger;
Described control system comprises: temperature sensor, flow controller and central controller, and flow controller controls the flow velocity entering the water of heat exchanger, and described temperature sensor is for measuring indoor temperature, when indoor temperature is lower than the first temperature, flow controller is all opened, when indoor temperature reaches the first temperature, central controller controls flow controller reaches the first flow velocity, first flow velocity will lower than the flow velocity all opened, when indoor temperature reaches the second temperature higher than the first temperature, central controller controls flow velocity reaches the second flow velocity lower than the first flow speed controller, when indoor temperature reaches the 3rd temperature higher than the second temperature, central controller controls flow controller reaches the 3rd flow velocity lower than the second flow velocity, when indoor temperature reaches the 4th temperature higher than the 3rd temperature, central controller controls flow controller reaches the 4th flow velocity lower than the 3rd flow velocity, when indoor temperature reaches the 5th temperature higher than the 4th temperature, flow controller cuts out by central controller, stops water to enter radiator.
Described heat utilization device is for providing the hot water output equipment of hot water to user, described hot water output equipment comprises heat exchanger, and described heat exchanger connects running water, and the hot water from solar thermal collector enters in heat exchanger, carries out heat exchange with running water;
Described hot water output equipment also comprises electrically heated rod, and when the hot water temperature that hot water input equipment exports is lower than the first temperature, electrically heated rod starts heating, and heats with the first power; When the hot water temperature that hot water input equipment exports is lower than second temperature lower than the first temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the second power higher than the first power; When the hot water temperature that hot water input equipment exports is lower than three temperature lower than the second temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the 3rd power higher than the second power; When the hot water temperature that hot water input equipment exports is lower than four temperature lower than the 3rd temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the 4th power higher than the 3rd power; When the hot water temperature that hot water input equipment exports is lower than five temperature lower than the 4th temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the 5th power higher than the 4th power.
Also comprise electrical auxiliary heater in described system, electric heating system starts automatically according to the temperature of the water entering electric heater, heats hot water;
When the inflow temperature measured is lower than temperature a, electric heater starts heating, and heats with power A; When the inflow temperature of thermal measurement is lower than the temperature b lower than temperature a, electric heater heats with the power B higher than power A; When the inflow temperature measured is lower than the temperature c lower than temperature b, electric heater heats with the power C higher than power B; When the inflow temperature measured is lower than the temperature d lower than temperature c, electric heater heats with the power D higher than power C; When the inflow temperature measured is lower than the temperature e lower than temperature d, electric heater heats with the power E higher than power D
Also comprise auxiliary heat homogeneous solution-type reactor in described system, hot water boiler system starts automatically according to the temperature of the water entering hot-water boiler, heats hot water;
Described boiler arranges automatic ignition device, when the temperature entering the water of boiler measured lower than certain temperature time, boiler heats with regard to starting ignition device, and when the temperature of water measured reaches certain temperature time, then just stopping is heated.
Described heat utilization equipment is radiator, described radiator is arranged on and is arranged in parallel with the pipeline of solar energy collector system, wherein with on the inlet pipeline of the radiator of the pipeline connection of solar energy collector system and outlet pipeline all valve is set, the pipeline of the solar energy collector system in parallel with radiator between inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline arranges valve;
Described system determines the flow of the fluid entered in radiator according to the temperature of indoor; When indoor temperature is higher than the first certain numerical value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is closed completely, pipeline on solar energy collector system is opened completely, fluid is inflow radiator not, when indoor temperature is lower than certain second value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is opened completely, the pipeline on solar energy collector system is closed completely, ensure that the water on the pipeline on solar energy collector system enters radiator completely.When indoor temperature is between the first numerical value and second value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is partially opened, the pipeline portions on solar energy collector system is opened, ensure that only some fluid enters radiator.
Described heat utilization device is for providing the hot water output equipment of hot water to user, described hot water output equipment is arranged on and is arranged in parallel with the pipeline of solar energy collector system, wherein with on the inlet pipeline of the hot water output equipment of the pipeline connection of solar energy collector system and outlet pipeline all valve is set, the pipeline of the solar energy collector system in parallel with hot water output equipment between inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline arranges valve;
The temperature of the water that described system thermal output equipment exports determines the flow of the fluid entered in thermal output equipment; When the temperature of the water of thermal output equipment output is higher than the first certain numerical value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is closed completely, pipeline on solar energy collector system is opened completely, fluid does not flow into thermal output equipment, when the temperature of the water of thermal output equipment output is lower than certain second value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is opened completely, pipeline on solar energy collector system is closed completely, ensures that the water on the pipeline on solar energy collector system enters thermal output equipment completely.When the temperature of the water exported is between the first numerical value and second value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is partially opened, the pipeline portions on solar energy collector system is opened, ensure that only some fluid enters thermal output equipment.
Described collecting system comprises ancillary heating equipment, described ancillary heating equipment is arranged on and is arranged in parallel with the pipeline of solar energy collector system, wherein with on the inlet pipeline of the ancillary heating equipment of the pipeline connection of solar energy collector system and outlet pipeline all valve is set, the pipeline of the solar energy collector system in parallel with ancillary heating equipment between inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline arranges valve;
Described system determines the flow of the fluid entered in ancillary heating equipment according to the temperature of the water entering ancillary heating equipment, when entering the temperature of water of ancillary heating equipment higher than the first certain numerical value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is closed completely, pipeline on solar energy collector system is opened completely, fluid does not flow into ancillary heating equipment, when entering the temperature of ancillary heating equipment water lower than certain second value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is opened completely, pipeline on solar energy collector system is closed completely, ensure that the water on the pipeline on solar energy collector system enters ancillary heating equipment completely, when the temperature of water entering ancillary heating equipment is between the first numerical value and second value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is partially opened, pipeline portions on solar energy collector system is opened, ensures that only some fluid enters ancillary heating equipment.
Compared with prior art, solar thermal collector of the present invention has following advantage:
1) solar thermal collector provided by the invention has anticorrosive coat and heat-sink shell, can reduce the corrosion to base tube, can strengthen the absorption to solar energy simultaneously.
2) the present invention carries out meticulous selection and experiment to the material of heat-sink shell and thickness, has reached the technique effect of best heat absorption.
3) the invention provides the closed finned tube radiator of board-type and circular arc two kinds of structures, pass through test of many times, devise different tube diameters, differing heights, angle fin test, thus obtain an optimum fin optimum results, and verified by test, thus demonstrate the accuracy of result.
4) by arranging the electrically heated rod of thermal output equipment, the temperature of heat utilization device is automatically controlled.
5) electrical auxiliary heater and/or auxiliary heat homogeneous solution-type reactor, can play auxiliary heating effect, and by automatically controlling the startup of auxiliary heating system, economize energy.
6) being connected in parallel by electric heater, hot-water boiler and heat utilization device, can realize independently controlling heat utilization device.
7) heat utilization equipment is arranged on and is arranged in parallel with the pipeline of solar energy collector system, is communicated with heat utilization equipment, closes heat utilization equipment, with economize energy unwanted time when can be implemented in needs.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the solar energy system schematic diagram of cascaded structure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the solar energy system schematic diagram of parallel-connection structure of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the heat utilization device of the present invention solar energy system schematic diagram in parallel with pipeline;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of anticorrosive coat of the present invention and heat-sink shell;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of heat utilization device radiator;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the finned tube embodiment one of heat utilization device radiator;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the finned tube embodiment two of heat utilization device radiator;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of control system;
Fig. 9 is that Fig. 6 is from the schematic diagram viewed from left side;
Figure 10 is that Fig. 7 is from the schematic diagram viewed from left side;
Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of solar thermal collector;
Figure 12 is the sectional drawing of thermal-collecting tube.
Reference numeral is as follows:
1 upper header, the part of fin is not had in 2 base tubes, 3 lower collector pipe, 4 finned tubes, 5 base tubes, 6 water first fins, 7 gaps, 8 first braces, 9 second fins, 10 the 4th fins, 11 the 3rd fins, 12 second braces, 13 central controllers, 14 solar energy system water-supply-pipes, 15 temperature sensors, 16 temperature sensors, 17 radiators, 18 solar thermal collectors, 19 electric heaters, 20 boilers, 21 hot water output equipments, 22 radiators, 23 pumps, 24 valves, 25 base tubes, 26 infrared reflection coatings, 27 heat absorbing coatings, 28 antireflection coatings, 29 water tanks, 30 heat-insulation layers, pipe in 31, 32 outer tubes, 33 vacuum layer.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
A kind of solar energy collector system as Figure 1-3, comprise solar thermal collector 18 and heat utilization device 21 and 22, described solar thermal collector comprises thermal-collecting tube and water tank 29, as shown in figure 11, described thermal-collecting tube is for absorbing the heat of solar energy with the water in heating water tank 29, described heat collector is glass heat-collecting vacuum tube, glass heat-collecting vacuum tube comprises interior pipe 31, outer tube 32 and the vacuum layer between pipe 31 and outer tube 32 33, described interior pipe comprises glass base tube 25(see Fig. 4), the outer surface coating heat-sink shell of described glass base tube.
As shown in Figure 1, the water in water tank 29 heats through heat collector, and successively by assisted heating device, heat utilization device 21, heat utilization device 22, then backwater is circulated again into solar thermal collector 18 under the effect of pump 23, carries out new heating.
The outer wall of described outer tube 32 is the lenticular lens type of convex shape, and as shown in figure 12, described convex lens are evenly distributed on the outer wall of outer tube, and the focus of described convex lens drops on the heat-sink shell of interior pipe, to increase the absorption of solar energy.
Water tank 29 is divided into three layers; often adjacently two-layerly to fit tightly; from inside to outside inside courtyard layer, stainless steel layer and rustproof lacquer layer respectively; tank is owing to have employed said structure, and ground floor is inside courtyard layer, can avoid occurring corrosion; the second layer is stainless steel layer; can increase rust-proof effect further, third layer is rustproof lacquer layer, can protect and avoid producing corrosion.
Trilaminate material in water tank is not limited to the material of foregoing description, those skilled in the art can reasonably select, but the selection of the material for three-decker, requirement is that the thermal coefficient of expansion of three-decker from inside to outside increases gradually, that is, the thermal coefficient of expansion of innermost layer is minimum, and secondly, third layer is maximum for the second layer.Why such setting, because in the process of heating, ground floor is first heated, first expand, then be the second layer, third layer expanded by heating successively, therefore three layers of coefficient of expansion increase successively and can ensure that expansion rate is consistent substantially, ensure the compactness that each layer connects and stability.
Described water tank 29 comprises heat-insulation layer 30, and heat-insulation layer has three layers, and from inside to outside the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer of heat-insulation layer raises gradually.
It is further preferred that tank from inside to outside, from inner bag to heat-insulation layer, the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer raises gradually.Thus realize ensureing that expansion rate is consistent substantially, ensure the compactness that each layer connects and stability.
Preferably, assisted heating device can be electric heater 19, hot-water boiler 20, the Main Function of electric heater and hot-water boiler is the effect playing auxiliary heating, and such as, when the temperature utilizing the water of solar energy heating not reach predetermined, this to start electric heater and/or hot-water boiler.
Certainly, although Fig. 1 illustrates two kinds of heat utilization device, be actually not limited to two kinds, also can 3 kinds or more than, only one can certainly be set.Assisted heating device only can arrange one equally, such as, only arrange electric heater or hot-water boiler.
Fig. 2 illustrates the schematic diagram of heat utilization device 21 and 22 parallel-connection structure.Wherein electric heater 19 and heat utilization device 21 are arranged on a pipeline, electric heater 19 enters the water in heat utilization device 21 for auxiliary heating, and hot-water boiler and heat utilization device 22 are arranged on another pipeline, these described two pipelines are arranged in parallel, and two ends connect hot water outlet and the pump 23 of solar thermal collector respectively.
Certain above-mentioned setting is also exemplary, the pipeline that those skilled in the art can select increase many in parallel, every bar pipeline arranges heat utilization device, make to be arranged in parallel mutually between heat utilization device, simultaneously for additional heating device, such as hot-water boiler and electric heater, for a person skilled in the art, can select the need of setting as required, or only select to arrange one.
The hydraulic pipeline illustrating heat utilization device and solar energy system in Fig. 3 is arranged in parallel.Wherein with on the inlet pipeline of the heat utilization equipment of the pipeline connection of solar energy collector system and outlet pipeline valve 24 is all set, the pipeline of the solar energy collector system in parallel with heat utilization equipment between inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline arranges valve 24.By arranging valve, can make when not needing to use heat utilization equipment, the water that can come on control piper by the valve opened on the pipeline of solar energy collector system and the inlet pipeline of closing heat utilization equipment and outlet pipeline all being arranged valve does not carry out heat exchange with heat utilization equipment.
Certainly, be not only heat utilization equipment, additional firing equipment is also arranged in parallel with the hydraulic pipeline of solar energy system, wherein with on the inlet pipeline of the additional firing equipment of the pipeline connection of solar energy collector system and outlet pipeline all valve is set, the pipeline of the solar energy collector system in parallel with additional firing equipment between inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline arranges valve.By arranging valve, can making when not needing to use additional firing equipment, the inlet pipeline of additional firing equipment and outlet pipeline all can arrange valve and carry out water on control piper without additional firing equipment by opening valve on the pipeline of solar energy collector system and closing.
Although the hydraulic pipeline giving all heat utilization equipment, additional firing equipment and solar energy system in Fig. 3 is arranged in parallel, but be not limited to above-mentioned equipment, to those skilled in the art, the hydraulic pipeline of one or more and solar energy system can be only selected to be arranged in parallel.The hydraulic pipeline that such as can enter to arrange wherein one or two heat utilization equipment and solar energy system is arranged in parallel, and the hydraulic pipeline that also only can arrange one or two additional firing equipments and solar energy system is arranged in parallel.
Although be all provided with electric heater 19, hot-water boiler 20 in Fig. 1-3, to those skilled in the art, solar energy collector system can optionally arrange above-mentioned parts, such as, can only arrange electric heater or hot-water boiler, also can select neither to arrange.
Preferably, described heat-sink shell from inside to outside comprises infrared reflection coating 26, heat absorbing coating 27 and antireflection coatings 28 successively, and wherein the ratio of the thickness of infrared reflection coating 26, heat absorbing coating 27 and antireflection coatings 28 is 1:1.5:2; Described infrared reflection coating is Ag; Heat absorbing coating from inside to outside comprises TiAl, Cr, Nb, Zr tetra-layers successively, and wherein the thickness proportion of TiAl, Cr, Nb, Zr tetra-layers is 1:1.1:0.84:1.14; Antireflection coatings is from inside to outside AlN, TiO successively
2, Ta
2o
5, SiO
2layer, wherein AlN, TiO
2, Ta
2o
5, SiO
2the thickness proportion of layer is 0.9:1:0.75:1.
Preferably, the gross thickness of heat-sink shell is 1.8 μm.
Above-mentioned dimension scale is the result of the best got by nearly hundred kinds of different thickness proportion.By experiment, for the composition and the thickness that adopt each independent stratum in above-mentioned absorber coatings, the absorptance of the absorber coatings of preparation can be made to be greater than 0.94, and to realize the emissivity of 0.04.
For the manufacture method of above-mentioned coating, the vacuum magnetron sputtering coating film technique preparation that this area can be used often to adopt.
For heat utilization device, radiator and hot water output equipment can be comprised, for radiator, mainly contain two specific embodiments, embodiment 1 is circular arc closed finned tube radiator, as shown in Figure 5,6, embodiment 2 is board-type closed finned tube radiators, as shown in Fig. 5,7.
The structure of embodiment 1 is as follows:
A kind of finned tubular radiator 17 of enclosed construction, comprise upper header 1, lower collector pipe 3 and be connected the finned tube 4 of upper header 1 and lower collector pipe 3, described finned tube 4 comprises circular base tube 5 and the first fin 6, second fin 9, first fin 6 and the second fin 9 are arranged on the outside of base tube 5 and the extended line of the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 intersects at the central axis of the base tube at the place, the center of circle of base tube 5, and the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 are along the first plane B specular by base tube central axis; Described finned tube comprises the 3rd fin 11 and the 4th fin 10, described 3rd fin 11, the 4th fin 10 along the second plane C respectively with the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 specular, described second plane C is vertical with the first plane B and through the central axis of base tube 5; Between described first fin 6 and the second fin 9, first brace 8 is set, the second brace 12, first brace 8 is set between described 3rd fin 11 and the 4th fin 10 and the second brace 12 is circular arc type metallic plate; The central axis of described circular arc-shaped metal plate and the central axes of base tube 5; Described base tube is straight tube, and the central axis of described adjacent base tube is parallel to each other.
Preferably, the first fin of adjacent base tube is parallel to each other, represents that the second fin of adjacent base tube is also parallel to each other, and in like manner, the 3rd fin, the 4th fin are also parallel to each other.This feature shows that finned tube arranges according to equidirectional.
It is to be understood that as shown in Figure 6, the central axis of base tube is exactly the line that the set of centre point on the cross section of base tube 5 is formed, and the central axis of circular arc-shaped metal plate is exactly the line that the set of the centre point of circular arc-shaped metal plate on cross section is formed.The central axis of described circular arc-shaped metal plate and the central axes of base tube 5 just refer on cross section, and circular arc-shaped metal plate and base tube are concentric circles.
Preferably, the size of all finned tubes is all identical.
By above-mentioned setting, make to form a gap 7 between fin and brace, when heat convection, gap 7 just defines a kind of chimney effect, can strengthen heat exchange.
3rd fin and the 4th fin of the first fin, the second fin and adjacent fins pipe form space, and this space forms certain space, can form chimney effect, add strong convection, augmentation of heat transfer.
Angle between described first fin 6 and the second fin 9 is A, and the length of the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 is L, and the outer radius of base tube is R, and certainly, because specular, the length of the 3rd fin 11 and the 4th fin 10 is also L naturally.But find in practice, if in heat transfer process. fin angle is too small, then heat exchange can be hindered, because the words that fin angle is too small, cause the first fin, the distance of the second fin is too near, then temperature boundary layer in closed area along with the direction of base tube height starts overlap, gas temperature moves closer to heat close to tube wall temperature saturated, flow resistance increases, finally worsen heat exchange on the contrary, the advantage of outer fin plays not out, same reason, along with the constantly increase of angle, make the distance of brace distance base tube original nearer, make temperature boundary layer equally in closed area along with the direction of base tube height starting overlap, gas temperature moves closer to heat close to tube wall temperature saturated, flow resistance increases, finally worsen heat exchange on the contrary, therefore angle has an optimum value.
For finned length, if oversize, even if then because the heat of base tube cannot arrive the end of fin in time or be effective also not obvious, if too short, then expand heat exchange area too little, cannot reach a good heat transfer effect, therefore the height of fin also has an optimum value.
For the distance between two finned tubes, if first distance is too near or completely close, then the space (see Fig. 5) of the spacing of the brace of two finned tubes is too little, then air cannot enter the space formed between finned tube by the gap between fin, heat exchange now can only rely on and enter air bottom radiator, good heat convection effect cannot be reached, same reason, if the distance is too far, then the one the second the 3 4th fins of finned tube cannot form the space of effective chimney effect, thus cause heat transfer effect to be deteriorated, therefore a suitable numerical value is also needed for the distance between two finned tubes.
As shown in Figure 8, for fin along base tube 5 height H axially, also need to have a suitable numerical value, if fin height is too high, then on the top of fin, because boundary layer in closed area along with the direction of base tube height starts overlap, cause the deterioration of heat exchange, in like manner, highly too low, then heat exchange does not give full play to, thus affects heat transfer effect.
Therefore, the present invention is the size relationship of the finned tube of the radiator of the best summed up by the test data of the radiator of multiple different size.Because finned tube also has included angle A, these three variablees of finned length L, fin height H, therefore, introduce two characteristic sin (A/2), L/R, H/R, R is the radius of base tube here, from the heat dissipation capacity maximum in heat transfer effect, calculate nearly 200 kinds of forms.Described size relationship is as follows:
Angle between described first fin and the second fin is A, and the length of the first fin and the second fin is L, and the outer radius of base tube is R, and along base tube fin height H axially, the relation of above-mentioned four meets following formula:
Sin(A/2)=a×(L/R)
2+b×(L/R)+c
H/ (R × 10)=e × Sin (A/2)
2wherein, A unit is angle to-f × Sin (A/2)+h, 60 ° of <A<110 °,
L is of a size of mm, 12mm<L<80mm,
The unit of R is mm, 10mm<R<80mm,
The unit of H is mm, 800mm<R<1200mm,
A, b, c, e, f, h are coefficient, and the scope of the scope of the scope of a to be the scope of 0.04-0.042, b be 0.266-0.28, c to be the scope of 0.36-0.37, e be 21-23, f is 44-45, h is 23-25.
By testing after result of calculation, by the numerical value of computation bound and median, the result of gained matches with formula substantially, and error is substantially within 4%, and maximum relative error is no more than 6%, and mean error is 2% again.；
The optimum of coefficient optimization is: a is 0.0412, b be 0.02715, c be 0.03628, e be 22, f be 44.37, h is 23.86.
Preferably, the distance between adjacent base tube central axis is S=d × (L+R) × sin (A/2), and wherein d is 1.1-1.2.
As shown in Figure 6, the distance between adjacent base tube central axis is exactly the distance on cross section between two base tube centers of circle.
The optimum results of d is 1.118.
The structure of embodiment 2 is as follows:
A kind of finned tubular radiator 17 of enclosed construction, comprise upper header 1, lower collector pipe 3 and be connected the finned tube 4 of upper header 1 and lower collector pipe 3, described finned tube 4 comprises circular base tube 5 and the first fin 6, second fin 9, first fin 6 and the second fin 9 are arranged on the outside of base tube 5 and the extended line of the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 intersects at the base tube central axis at the place, the center of circle of base tube 5, and the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 are along the first plane B specular by base tube central axis; Described finned tube comprises the 3rd fin 11 and the 4th fin 10, described 3rd fin 11, the 4th fin 10 along the second plane C respectively with the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 specular, described second plane C is vertical with the first plane B and through the central axis of base tube 5; Between described first fin 6 and the second fin 9, first brace 8 is set, the second brace 12, first brace 8 is set between described 3rd fin 11 and the 4th fin 10 and the second brace 12 is straight linear metallic plate.Described base tube is straight tube, and the central axis of described adjacent base tube 5 is parallel to each other.
It is to be understood that as shown in Figure 7, the central axis of base tube is exactly the line that the set of centre point on the cross section of base tube 5 is formed.
By above-mentioned setting, make to form a gap 7 between fin and brace, when heat convection, gap 7 just defines a kind of chimney effect, can strengthen heat exchange.
Preferably, in one plane, in one plane, the plane at the first brace 8 and the second brace 12 place is parallel to each other for the second brace 12 of adjacent base tube 5 for the first brace 8 of described adjacent base tube 5.
Preferably, the first fin of adjacent base tube is parallel to each other, represents that the second fin of adjacent base tube is also parallel to each other, and in like manner, the 3rd fin, the 4th fin are also parallel to each other.This feature shows that finned tube arranges according to equidirectional.This feature shows that finned tube arranges according to equidirectional.
Preferably, the size of all finned tubes is all identical.
3rd fin and the 4th fin of the first fin, the second fin and adjacent fins pipe form space, and this space forms certain space, can form chimney effect, add strong convection, augmentation of heat transfer.
Angle between described first fin 6 and the second fin 9 is A, and the length of the first fin 6 and the second fin 9 is L, and the outer radius of base tube is R, and certainly, because specular, the length of the 3rd fin 11 and the 4th fin 10 is also L naturally.
For embodiment 2, be also optimized, the concrete result optimized is as follows:
Angle between described first fin and the second fin is A, and the length of the first fin and the second fin is L, and the outer radius of base tube is R, and fin is along base tube fin height H axially, and the relation of above-mentioned four meets following formula:
Sin(A/2)=a×(L/R)
2+b×(L/R)+c
H/R=10×e× (Sin(A/2))
f
Wherein, A unit is angle, 60 ° of <A<110 °,
L is of a size of mm, 15mm<L<80mm,
The unit of R is mm, 10mm<R<80mm,
The unit of H is mm, 600mm<H<1200mm,
A, b, c, e, f are coefficient, and the scope of the scope of the scope of a to be the scope of 0.038-0.04, b be 0.26-0.27, c to be the scope of 0.34-0.35, e be 0.72-0.78, f is between-3.6 to-3.5.
Preferably, the distance between adjacent base tube central axis is S=d × (L+R) × sin (A/2), and wherein d is 1.05-1.2.
Wherein d is preferably 1.13.
Another embodiment of heat utilization device is the hot water output equipment providing hot water to user, and described hot water output equipment comprises heat exchanger, and described heat exchanger connects running water, and the hot water from solar thermal collector enters in heat exchanger, carries out heat exchange with running water;
Described hot water output equipment also comprises electrically heated rod, and when the hot water temperature that hot water input equipment exports is lower than the first temperature, electrically heated rod starts heating, and heats with the first power; When the hot water temperature that hot water input equipment exports is lower than second temperature lower than the first temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the second power higher than the first power; When the hot water temperature that hot water input equipment exports is lower than three temperature lower than the second temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the 3rd power higher than the second power; When the hot water temperature that hot water input equipment exports is lower than four temperature lower than the 3rd temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the 4th power higher than the 3rd power; When the hot water temperature that hot water input equipment exports is lower than five temperature lower than the 4th temperature, electrically heated rod heats with the 5th power higher than the 4th power.
In heat exchanger, running water and directly do not mix from the water in solar thermal collector carry out heat exchange, namely carry out heat exchange by mode indirectly.
As shown in Figure 8, described electric heating system and/or hot water boiler system also comprise control system, and electric heating system and/or hot water boiler system start automatically according to the temperature of the water entering electric heater and hot-water boiler, heat hot water.Be described for electric heater below.
Described control system comprises temperature sensor 15 and the central controller 13 of measuring tempeature, and temperature sensor 15 is for measuring the temperature of the water entering electric heater, and central controller is for controlling the heating power of electric heater.When the inflow temperature measured is lower than temperature a, electric heater starts heating, and heats with power A; When the inflow temperature of thermal measurement is lower than the temperature b lower than temperature a, electric heater heats with the power B higher than power A; When the inflow temperature measured is lower than the temperature c lower than temperature b, electric heater heats with the power C higher than power B; When the inflow temperature measured is lower than the temperature d lower than temperature c, electric heater heats with the power D higher than power C; When the inflow temperature measured is lower than the temperature e lower than temperature d, electric heater heats with the power E higher than power D.
Certainly, it is an option that the accuracy in order to increase measuring tempeature, another temperature sensor 16 can be set at the water outlet of electric heater, be calculated the starting power of electric heater by the mean value of the temperature of the measurement of two temperature sensors.
For boiler, automatic ignition device is set.When measure the temperature entering the water of boiler lower than certain temperature time, boiler heats with regard to starting ignition device.When the temperature of the water measured reaches certain temperature time, then heat with regard to stopping.
Certainly, it is an option that the accuracy in order to increase measuring tempeature, another temperature sensor can be set at the water outlet of boiler, be calculated the starting power of electric heater by the mean value of the temperature of the measurement of two temperature sensors.
For the situation shown in Fig. 3, can by arranging control system, described control system controls to enter the fluid flow in heat utilization device and/or assisted heating device according to temperature.Such as, for radiator, the flow of the fluid entered in radiator can be determined according to the temperature of indoor, when indoor temperature is higher than the first certain numerical value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is closed completely, pipeline on solar energy collector system is opened completely, fluid is inflow radiator not, when indoor temperature is lower than certain second value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is opened completely, pipeline on solar energy collector system is closed completely, ensure that the water on the pipeline on solar energy collector system enters radiator completely.When indoor temperature is between the first numerical value and second value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is partially opened, the pipeline portions on solar energy collector system is opened, ensure that only some fluid enters radiator.
For thermal output equipment, the temperature of the water that can export according to thermal output equipment determines the flow of the fluid entered in thermal output equipment, when the temperature of the water of thermal output equipment output is higher than the first certain numerical value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is closed completely, pipeline on solar energy collector system is opened completely, fluid does not flow into thermal output equipment, when the temperature of the water of thermal output equipment output is lower than certain second value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is opened completely, pipeline on solar energy collector system is closed completely, ensure that the water on the pipeline on solar energy collector system enters thermal output equipment completely.When the temperature of the water exported is between the first numerical value and second value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is partially opened, the pipeline portions on solar energy collector system is opened, ensure that only some fluid enters thermal output equipment.
For ancillary heating equipment, the flow of the fluid entered in ancillary heating equipment can be determined according to the temperature of the water entering ancillary heating equipment, when entering the temperature of water of ancillary heating equipment higher than the first certain numerical value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is closed completely, pipeline on solar energy collector system is opened completely, fluid does not flow into ancillary heating equipment, when entering the temperature of ancillary heating equipment water lower than certain second value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is opened completely, pipeline on solar energy collector system is closed completely, ensure that the water on the pipeline on solar energy collector system enters ancillary heating equipment completely.When the temperature of water entering ancillary heating equipment is between the first numerical value and second value, then the valve in inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline is partially opened, pipeline portions on solar energy collector system is opened, ensures that only some fluid enters ancillary heating equipment.
Although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, the present invention is not defined in this.Any those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all can make various changes or modifications, and therefore protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim limited range.
Claims (2)
1. a solar energy collector system, described system comprises solar thermal collector, solar thermal collector comprises thermal-collecting tube and water tank, described thermal-collecting tube is for absorbing the heat of solar energy with the water in heating water tank, described thermal-collecting tube is glass heat-collecting vacuum tube, glass heat-collecting vacuum tube comprises interior pipe, outer tube and the vacuum layer between inner and outer tubes, and described interior pipe comprises glass base tube, the outer surface coating heat-sink shell of described glass base tube; The outer wall of described outer tube is the convex lens of convex shape, and described convex lens are evenly distributed on the outer wall of outer tube, and the focus of described convex lens drops on the heat-sink shell of interior pipe, to increase the absorption of solar energy;
Described system also comprises the heat utilization device be connected with solar thermal collector, heat utilization device is the finned tubular radiator of linear pattern enclosed construction, described radiator comprises upper header, lower collector pipe and the finned tube being connected upper header and lower collector pipe, described finned tube comprises circular base tube and the first fin, second fin, first fin and the second fin are arranged on the outside of base tube and the extended line of the first fin and the second fin intersects at the central axis of the base tube at the place, the center of circle of base tube, first fin and the second fin are along the first plane specular of the central axis by base tube, described finned tube comprises the 3rd fin and the 4th fin, described 3rd fin, the 4th fin along the second plane respectively with the first fin and the second fin specular, described second plane and the first plane orthogonal and the central axis through base tube, arrange the first brace between described first fin and the second fin, arrange the second brace between described 3rd fin and the 4th fin, the first brace and the second brace are straight linear metallic plate, second fin and the 4th fin of the first fin, the 3rd fin and adjacent fins pipe form space, described base tube is straight tube, and the central axis of described adjacent base tube is parallel to each other,
Angle between described first fin and the second fin is A, and the length of the first fin and the second fin is L, and the outer radius of base tube is R, and along base tube fin height H axially, the relation of above-mentioned four meets following formula:
Sin(A/2)＝a×(L/R)
2+b×(L/R)+c
H/R＝10×e×(Sin(A/2))
f
Wherein, A unit is angle, 60 ° of <A<110 °,
L is of a size of mm, 15mm<L<80mm,
The unit of R is mm, 10mm<R<80mm,
The unit of H is mm, 600mm<H<1200mm,
A, b, c, e, f are coefficient, and the scope of the scope of the scope of a to be the scope of 0.038-0.04, b be 0.26-0.27, c to be the scope of 0.34-0.35, e be 0.72-0.78, f is between-3.6 to-3.5;
Described radiator arranges control system, and described control system controls according to indoor temperature the flow velocity entering water in heat exchanger;
Described control system comprises: temperature sensor, flow controller and central controller, and flow controller controls the flow velocity entering the water of heat exchanger, and described temperature sensor is for measuring indoor temperature, when indoor temperature is lower than the first temperature, flow controller is all opened, when indoor temperature reaches the first temperature, central controller controls flow controller reaches the first flow velocity, first flow velocity will lower than the flow velocity all opened, when indoor temperature reaches the second temperature higher than the first temperature, central controller controls flow velocity reaches the second flow velocity lower than the first flow speed controller, when indoor temperature reaches the 3rd temperature higher than the second temperature, central controller controls flow controller reaches the 3rd flow velocity lower than the second flow velocity, when indoor temperature reaches the 4th temperature higher than the 3rd temperature, central controller controls flow controller reaches the 4th flow velocity lower than the 3rd flow velocity, when indoor temperature reaches the 5th temperature higher than the 4th temperature, flow controller cuts out by central controller, stops water to enter radiator.
2. solar energy collector system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described heat-sink shell from inside to outside comprises infrared reflection coating, heat absorbing coating and antireflection coatings successively, wherein the ratio of the thickness of infrared reflection coating, heat absorbing coating and antireflection coatings is 1:1.5:2; Described infrared reflection coating is Ag; Heat absorbing coating from inside to outside comprises TiAl, Cr, Nb, Zr tetra-layers successively, and wherein the thickness proportion of TiAl, Cr, Nb, Zr tetra-layers is 1:1.1:0.84:1.14; Antireflection coatings is from inside to outside AlN, TiO successively
2, Ta
2o
5, SiO
2layer, wherein AlN, TiO
2, Ta
2o
5, SiO
2the thickness proportion of layer is 0.9:1:0.75:1.
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